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[[File:Calais - Manifestation contre les clandestins, l'immigration-invasion et l'islamisation de l'Europe, 8 novembre 2015 (22).JPG|thumb|300px|Anti-immigrant protesters in [[Calais]] hold a banner in French reading "Diversity is a code word for white genocide", November 8, 2015]] |
[[File:Calais - Manifestation contre les clandestins, l'immigration-invasion et l'islamisation de l'Europe, 8 novembre 2015 (22).JPG|thumb|300px|Anti-immigrant protesters in [[Calais]] hold a banner in French reading "Diversity is a code word for white genocide", November 8, 2015]] |
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The '''white genocide [[conspiracy theory]]''' is a [[neo-Nazi|white]] [[White supremacy|supremacist]]<ref name=":0">*{{cite journal|first1=Andrew Fergus|last1=Wilson|title=#whitegenocide, the alt-right and conspiracy theory: How secrecy and suspicion contributed to the mainstreaming of hate.|url=http://derby.openrepository.com/derby/handle/10545/622321|journal=Secrecy & Society|date=16 February 2018}} |
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The '''white genocide conspiracy theory''' is a [[conspiracy theory]], generally associated with [[neo-Nazi]], [[far-right]], [[alt-right]], [[identitarian]] and [[White nationalism|white nationalist]]/[[White supremacy|supremacist]] ideologies,<ref> |
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*{{cite journal|first1=Annie|last1=Kelly|title=The alt-right: reactionary rehabilitation for white masculinity |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/lwish/sou/2017/00000066/00000066/art00006|journal=Soundings|date=15 August 2017|pages=68–78|volume=66|issue=66|doi=10.3898/136266217821733688}} |
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*{{cite journal|first1=Kevin C.|last1=Thompson|title=WATCHING THE STORMFRONT: White Nationalists and the Building of Community in Cyberspace|jstor=23169989|journal=Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice|date=April 2001|pages=32–52|volume=45|issue=1}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> belief that there is a deliberate [[Antisemitic canard|Jewish plot]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/religion/white-genocide-is-incitement-to-murder/10442966|title="White Genocide" and the Pittsburgh synagogue massacre|last=Nathan|first=Julie|date=2018-10-29|website=ABC Religion & Ethics|language=en|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref> to promote [[miscegenation]], mass [[immigration]], [[racial integration]], [[Sub-replacement fertility|low fertility rates]], [[abortion]], governmental land-[[confiscation]] from whites, organised [[violence]]<ref name="smh">{{cite news |url= |
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* {{cite journal|first1=Annie|last1=Kelly|title=The alt-right: reactionary rehabilitation for white masculinity|url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/lwish/sou/2017/00000066/00000066/art00006|journal=Soundings|date=15 August 2017|pages=68–78|volume=66|issue=66|doi=10.3898/136266217821733688}} |
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https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/the-high-price-of-white-genocide-politics-for-australia-20180724-p4zt9k.html |title=The high price of 'white genocide' politics for Australia |publisher=''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'' |date=12 August 2018}}</ref> and [[eliminationism]] in supposedly [[White people#Census and social definitions in different regions|white-founded countries]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> in order to cause the [[extinction]] of [[White people|whites]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> through [[forced assimilation]]<ref name="smh" /> and violent [[genocide]].<ref>*{{cite book|last1=Kaplan|first1=Jeffrey|title=Encyclopedia of White Power: A Sourcebook on the Radical Racist Right|date=2000|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780742503403|page=539|url=https://books.google.com/?id=nNWbbhUYv8oC&pg=PA539&dq=%22white+genocide%22#v=onepage&q=%22white%20genocide%22&f=false|accessdate=1 May 2015}} |
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* {{cite journal|first1=Kevin C.|last1=Thompson|title=WATCHING THE STORMFRONT: White Nationalists and the Building of Community in Cyberspace|jstor=23169989|journal=Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice|date=April 2001|pages=32–52|volume=45|issue=1}}</ref> which contends that mass [[immigration]], [[racial integration]], [[miscegenation]], [[Sub-replacement fertility|low fertility rates]], [[abortion]], governmental land-[[confiscation]] from whites, organised [[violence]]<ref name="smh">{{cite news |url= |
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*{{cite web|title='White Genocide' Billboard Removed|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/watch/nbc-news-channel/white-genocide-billboard-removed-384737859715|publisher=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=1 May 2015}} |
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https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/the-high-price-of-white-genocide-politics-for-australia-20180724-p4zt9k.html |title=The high price of 'white genocide' politics for Australia |publisher=''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'' |date=12 August 2018}}</ref> or [[eliminationism]] are being promoted in either predominantly white countries, or supposedly [[White people#Census and social definitions in different regions|white-founded countries]]. The conspiracy theory contends these actions are to deliberately replace, remove, or liquidate white populations,<ref name="far-right idea">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/23/white-farmers-trump-south-africa-tucker-carlson-far-right-influence|title=White farmers: how a far-right idea was planted in Donald Trump's mind|last=Wilson|first=Jason|date=2018-08-24|website=''[[The Guardian]]''|language=en|access-date=2018-09-04 |quote=...South Africa and Zimbabwe in particular have exerted a fascination on the racist far right because in the mind of white nationalists, they show what happens to a white minority after they lose control of countries they once ruled.}}</ref> dismantle white [[Collective identity#In political science|collective power]],<ref name="dangerous escalation">{{cite news|title=Donald Trump’s "white genocide" rhetoric: A dangerous escalation of racism |url=https://www.salon.com/2018/08/27/donald-trumps-white-genocide-rhetoric-a-dangerous-escalation-of-racism/ |publisher=''[[Salon (magazine)]]'' |date=August 27, 2018}}</ref> turn the countries minority-white, and hence cause [[white people]] to become [[extinct]] through [[forced assimilation]]<ref name="smh" /> or violent [[genocide]].<ref> |
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* |
*{{cite book|last=Eager|first=Paige Whaley|title=From Freedom Fighters to Terrorists: Women and Political Violence|year=2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=9781409498575|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=WQ2UytrgOkIC&pg=PA90&dq=supremacist+%22White+Genocide%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XNhJUq_nEu-q4APCloGgDg&ved=0CGAQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=supremacist%20%22White%20Genocide%22&f=false 90]}}</ref><ref name="KivistoRundblad" /> |
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* {{cite book|last1=Kivisto|first1=Peter|last2=Rundblad|first2=Georganne|title=Multiculturalism in the United States: Current Issues, Contemporary Voices|date=2000|publisher=SAGE Knowledge|isbn=9780761986485|pages=57–60|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Co-4x6OXLiIC&pg=PA59&dq=%22white+genocide%22#v=onepage&q=%22white%20genocide%22&f=false|accessdate=1 May 2015}} |
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* {{cite web|title='White Genocide' Billboard Removed|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/watch/nbc-news-channel/white-genocide-billboard-removed-384737859715|publisher=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=1 May 2015}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Sexton|first1=Jared|title=Amalgamation Schemes: Antiblackness and the Critique of Multiracialism|date=2008|publisher=Univ Of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0816651047|pages=207–208|url=https://books.google.com/?id=LHaxP1emCoUC&pg=PA208&dq=%22white+genocide%22#v=onepage&q=%22white%20genocide%22&f=false|accessdate=1 May 2015}} |
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* Perry, Barbara. "'White Genocide': White Supremacists and the Politics of Reproduction." Home-grown hate: Gender and organized racism (2001): 75-85. |
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* {{cite book|last=Eager|first=Paige Whaley|title=From Freedom Fighters to Terrorists: Women and Political Violence|year=2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=9781409498575|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=WQ2UytrgOkIC&pg=PA90&dq=supremacist+%22White+Genocide%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XNhJUq_nEu-q4APCloGgDg&ved=0CGAQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=supremacist%20%22White%20Genocide%22&f=false 90]}} |
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</ref> |
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White genocide is a [[myth]],<ref name="VoxIdeology" /><ref name="myth" /> said by journalist [[Eli Saslow]] to be based on [[pseudoscience]], [[pseudohistory]], and hatred.<ref name="RisingE" /> There is no evidence that white people are dying out or that they will die out, or that anyone is trying to exterminate them as a race.<ref name="MarcotteA" /><ref name="DeVegaC" /> The purpose of the conspiracy theory is to scare white people<ref name="MarcotteA" /> and justify a commitment to a white nationalist agenda<ref name="TaylorK" /> in support of increasingly successful calls to violence.<ref name="PerryB" /> |
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The conspiracy theory was developed by the white supremacist, neo-Nazi, and convicted felon [[David Lane (white supremacist)|David Lane]] around 1995. The phrase "[[Anti-racism|anti-racist]] is a [[code word (figure of speech)|code word]] for anti-white", coined by high-profile white nationalist Robert Whitaker, is commonly associated with the topic of white genocide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/billboard-white-genocide-group-ala-article-1.2074126|title=Billboard from 'white genocide' group goes up in Ala.|accessdate=8 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al.com/news/birmingham/index.ssf/2014/06/where_does_that_billboard_phra.html|title=Where does that billboard phrase, 'Anti-racist is a code word for anti-white,' come from? It's not new|accessdate=8 July 2016}}</ref> It has appeared on billboards in the United States near [[Birmingham, Alabama]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.al.com/news/birmingham/index.ssf/2014/06/where_does_that_billboard_phra.html | title=Where does that billboard phrase, 'Anti-racist is a code word for anti-white,' come from? It's not new | work=AL.com | date=30 June 2014 | accessdate=29 May 2016 | author=Underwood, Madison}}</ref> and [[Harrison, Arkansas]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/07/harrison-arkansas-antiracist-code-word-antiwhite_n_4227769.html | title=Arkansas Town Responds To Controversial 'Anti-Racist Is A Code Word For Anti-White' Sign | work=Huffington Post | date=7 November 2013 | accessdate=29 May 2016 | author=Byng, Rhonesha}}</ref> Similar conspiracy theories were part of the discourse in [[Nazi Germany]], as exemplified in a pamphlet written for the "Research Department for the [[Jewish question]]" of [[Walter Frank]]'s "Reich Institute" with the title "Are the White Nations Dying? The Future of the White and the Colored Nations in the Light of Biological Statistics".<ref name="DrFB">Dr. Friedrich Burgdörfer: "Sterben die weißen Völker? Die Zukunft der weißen und farbigen Völker im Lichte der biologischen Statistik", Munich, Callwey, 1934, 88 pages.</ref> |
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The conspiracy theory was popularized by white supremacist, neo-Nazi, and convicted felon [[David Lane (white supremacist)|David Lane]] around 1995. The phrase "[[Anti-racism|anti-racist]] is a [[code word (figure of speech)|code word]] for anti-white," coined by high-profile white nationalist Robert Whitaker, is commonly associated with the topic of white genocide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/billboard-white-genocide-group-ala-article-1.2074126|title=Billboard from 'white genocide' group goes up in Ala.|accessdate=8 July 2016}}</ref> It has appeared on billboards in the United States near [[Birmingham, Alabama]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.al.com/news/birmingham/index.ssf/2014/06/where_does_that_billboard_phra.html | title=Where does that billboard phrase, 'Anti-racist is a code word for anti-white,' come from? It's not new | work=AL.com | date=30 June 2014 | accessdate=29 May 2016 | author=Underwood, Madison}}</ref> and [[Harrison, Arkansas]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/07/harrison-arkansas-antiracist-code-word-antiwhite_n_4227769.html | title=Arkansas Town Responds To Controversial 'Anti-Racist Is A Code Word For Anti-White' Sign | work=Huffington Post | date=7 November 2013 | accessdate=29 May 2016 | author=Byng, Rhonesha}}</ref> Similar conspiracy theories were part of the discourse in [[Nazi Germany]], as exemplified in a pamphlet written for the "Research Department for the [[Jewish question]]" of [[Walter Frank]]'s "Reich Institute" with the title "Are the White Nations Dying? The Future of the White and the Colored Nations in the Light of Biological Statistics."<ref name="DrFB">Dr. Friedrich Burgdörfer: "Sterben die weißen Völker? Die Zukunft der weißen und farbigen Völker im Lichte der biologischen Statistik," Munich, Callwey, 1934, 88 pages.</ref> |
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The conspiracy theory has been expressed in South Africa and France. It has also been commonly used both interchangeably with,<ref name="Day trope">{{cite news|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/04/19/day-trope-white-nationalist-memes-thrive-reddits-rthedonald|title=Day of the trope: White nationalist memes thrive on Reddit's r/The_Donald|date=19 April 2018|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref> and as a broader and more extreme version of, [[Renaud Camus]]'s 2012 [[The Great Replacement conspiracy theory]], which focuses on the white Christian population of France.<ref name="Overland">{{cite news|url=https://overland.org.au/2018/07/why-the-alt-right-want-to-call-australia-home|title=Why the alt-right want to call Australia home|date=18 July 2018 |publisher=''[[Overland (magazine)]]''}}</ref><ref name="New face">{{cite news|url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/wj45zy/meet-the-snowflakes-who-are-the-new-face-of-race-hate|title=Meet the Snowflakes Who Are the New Face of Race Hate|date=12 March 2018 |publisher=[[Vice Media]]}}</ref> |
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In August 2018, U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] was accused of endorsing the conspiracy theory in a [[foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration#South Africa|foreign policy]] tweet instructing Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] to investigate South African "land and farm seizures and expropriations and the large scale killing of farmers",<ref>U.S. President Donald Trump's White genocide conspiracy theory tweet |
The conspiracy theory has been expressed in Europe, North America, South Africa, Russia, and Australia. It has also been commonly used both interchangeably with,<ref name="Day trope">{{cite news|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/04/19/day-trope-white-nationalist-memes-thrive-reddits-rthedonald|title=Day of the trope: White nationalist memes thrive on Reddit's r/The_Donald|date=19 April 2018|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref> and as a broader and more extreme version of, [[Renaud Camus]]'s 2012 [[The Great Replacement conspiracy theory]], which focuses on the white Christian population of France.<ref name="Overland">{{cite news|url=https://overland.org.au/2018/07/why-the-alt-right-want-to-call-australia-home|title=Why the alt-right want to call Australia home|date=18 July 2018 |publisher=''[[Overland (magazine)]]''}}</ref><ref name="New face">{{cite news|url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/wj45zy/meet-the-snowflakes-who-are-the-new-face-of-race-hate|title=Meet the Snowflakes Who Are the New Face of Race Hate|date=12 March 2018 |publisher=[[Vice Media]]}}</ref> In August 2018, U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] was accused of endorsing the conspiracy theory in a [[foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration#South Africa|foreign policy]] tweet instructing Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] to investigate South African "land and farm seizures and expropriations and the large scale killing of farmers",<ref>U.S. President Donald Trump's White genocide conspiracy theory [https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1032454567152246785 tweet:] "I have asked Secretary of State @SecPompeo to closely study the South Africa land and farm seizures and expropriations and the large scale killing of farmers. South African Government is now seizing land from white farmers @TuckerCarlson @FoxNews"</ref><ref name="The Washington Post">{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-south-africa-trump-farmers-land-20180823-story.html|title=South Africa blasts Trump over racially divisive tweet|date=23 August 2018|agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref name="WP1">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/dangerous-and-poisoned-critics-blast-trump-for-endorsing-white-nationalist-conspiracy-theory-on-south-africa/2018/08/23/6c3b160e-a6df-11e8-a656-943eefab5daf_story.html|title='Dangerous and poisoned': Critics blast Trump for endorsing white nationalist conspiracy theory on South Africa|date=23 August 2018|work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> claiming that the "[[government of South Africa|South African government]] is now seizing land from [[Boers|white farmers]]".<ref name="NYmag">{{cite news|title=Trump Echoes Neo-Nazi Propaganda About South Africa (That He Heard on Fox News) |url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/08/south-african-farmers-land-trump-tweet-white-genocide.html |publisher=''[[New York (magazine)]]'' |date=August 23, 2018 |quote=White nationalists in the West love the idea that their 'people' are facing imminent threat of oppression and/or genocide. This fantasy serves to justify white supremacy, by positing white dominance as the only alternative to white subjugation.}}</ref> The often critical narrative derived from [[South African farm attacks|farm attacks]], and [[land reform in South Africa|land reform]], is an established subset theme of the broader conspiracy theory,<ref name="MarcotteA"/> portrayed in media as a form of gateway or proxy issue to "white genocide" within the wider context of the [[Western world]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2018/10/02/castrate-their-corpses-professor-says-gop-senators-white-genocide-tucker-carlson-cries|title='Castrate their corpses', professor says of GOP senators. White 'genocide!' Tucker Carlson cries.|date=October 2, 2018|work=[[The Washington Post]]|quote=Carlson had been flogging the issue of land seizures in South Africa – a known proxy issue for those who believe in 'white genocide'.}}</ref><ref name="NYmag" /> The topic in relation to South Africa and [[Zimbabwe]] is also simply used interchangeably with the subject,<ref name="NBC">{{cite news|title=Trump under fire for claim of 'large scale killing' of white farmers in South Africa|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-under-fire-claim-large-scale-killing-white-farmers-south-n903171|work=[[NBC News]]|date=August 23, 2018}}</ref> as well as being used by white nationalists as a [[parable|parabolic]] concept, or cautionary tale,<ref name="Vox explained">{{Cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/8/23/17772056/south-africa-trump-tweet-afriforum-white-farmers-violence|title=Trump's tweet echoing white nationalist propaganda about South African farmers, explained|work=Vox|access-date=2018-09-04}}</ref> to justify policies to retain or increase white majorities in nation-states, or otherwise maintain their vision of [[white supremacy]].<ref name="far-right idea">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/23/white-farmers-trump-south-africa-tucker-carlson-far-right-influence|title=White farmers: how a far-right idea was planted in Donald Trump's mind|last=Wilson|first=Jason|date=2018-08-24|website=''[[The Guardian]]''|language=en|access-date=2018-09-04|quote=...South Africa and Zimbabwe in particular have exerted a fascination on the racist far right because in the mind of white nationalists, they show what happens to a white minority after they lose control of countries they once ruled.}}</ref><ref name="NYmag"/> |
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==Origins and development== |
== Origins and development == |
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The conspiracy theory has its origins in early 20th-century [[eugenics]] theories popular in British colonies where it was feared that the majority non-white races would eventually supplant the white ones.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Paul |first1=Diane |last2=Stenhouse |first2=John |last3=Spencer |first3=Hamish |date=2018 |title=Eugenics at the Edges of Empire: New Zealand, Australia, Canada and South Africa |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-3-319-64685-5}}</ref> |
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===Neo-Nazi origin=== |
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Although it has its origins in early 20th-century eugenics theories popular in British colonies where it was feared that the majority non-white races would eventually supplant the white ones,<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Paul |first1=Diane |last2=Stenhouse |first2=John |last3=Spencer |first3=Hamish |date=2018 |title=Eugenics at the Edges of Empire: New Zealand, Australia, Canada and South Africa |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-3-319-64685-5}}</ref> in its current form the explicit phrasing of "white genocide" first appeared sporadically in the [[neo-Nazi]] publications ''[[American Nazi Party|White Power]]''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/roundtable/fear-white-genocide|title=Fear of White Genocide|last=Feshami|first=Kevan A.|date=2017-09-06|website=Lapham's Quarterly|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-01-20}}</ref> and ''[[White Aryan Resistance|WAR]]''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uwq52hxRDHwC|title=White Lies, White Power: The Fight Against White Supremacy and Reactionary Violence|last=Novick|first=Michael|date=1995|publisher=Common Courage Press |isbn=9781567510508|location=|pages=155|language=en}}</ref> in the 1970s and 1980s, where it primarily referred to [[contraception]] and [[abortion]]. The conspiracy theory was developed by the neo-Nazi [[David Lane (white supremacist)|David Lane]] in his ''White Genocide Manifesto'' ({{circa|1995|lk=on}}, origin of the later use of the term),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/09/how-the-turner-diaries-changed-white-nationalism/500039/|title=How 'The Turner Diaries' Changed White Nationalism|last=Berger|first=J. M.|date=|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2017-11-24|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US|quote=The manifesto itself was soon reduced to the simple phrase 'white genocide', which proliferated at the start of the 21st century and has become the overwhelmingly dominant meme of modern white nationalism.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2016/12/26/drexel_censures_professor_for_white_genocide_tweet.html|title=Drexel University, Apparently Unfamiliar With White Supremacist Lingo, Censures Prof For 'White Genocide' Tweet|last=Dessem|first=Matthew|date=2016-12-26|work=Slate|access-date=2017-11-24|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US|issn=1091-2339|quote=Although it's difficult to date precisely, white supremacist publishing houses being somewhat less reliable than [[Simon & Schuster]], that honor probably belongs to the late David Lane, terrorist, white supremacist, and author of an execrable little essay called 'White Genocide Manifesto'.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/15/us/politics/alt-left-alt-right-glossary.html|title=Alt-Right, Alt-Left, Antifa: A Glossary of Extremist Language|last=Stack|first=Liam|date=2017-08-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-01-20 |language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> where he made the claim that the government policies of many [[Western world|Western countries]] had the intent of destroying [[Ethnic groups in Europe|white European]] culture and making white people an "extinct species".<ref name="Jackson" /> Lane—a founding member of the organization [[The Order (white supremacist group)|The Order]]—criticized [[miscegenation]], abortion, [[homosexuality]], the legal repercussions against those who "resist genocide", and the "[[Zionist Occupation Government]]" that he said controls the United States and the other majority-white countries and which encourages "white genocide".<ref name="Jackson">{{cite encyclopedia | last = Jackson | first = Paul | title = 'White genocide': Postwar fascism and the ideological value of evoking existential conflicts | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6rvlCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA207 | encyclopedia = The Routledge History of Genocide | editors = Cathie Carmichael, Richard C. Maguire | date = 1 May 2015 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 9781317514848 | pages = 207–226}}</ref> |
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[[File:Photo of Madison Grant.jpg|thumb|Madison Grant]] |
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In 1916, the American [[eugenics|eugenicist]] and lawyer [[Madison Grant]] wrote a book entitled ''[[The Passing of the Great Race]]'' which, while largely ignored when it first appeared, went through four editions and became a part of popular culture in 1920s America. Author [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] made a lightly disguised reference to Grant in ''[[The Great Gatsby]]'', in which the character Tom Buchanan was reading a book called ''The Rise of the Colored Empires'' by "this man Goddard", a combination of Grant and his colleague [[Lothrop Stoddard]]. (Grant wrote the introduction to Stoddard's book ''[[The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy]]''.) "Everybody ought to read it", Buchanan explained. "The idea is if we don't look out the white race will be – will be utterly submerged. It's all scientific stuff; it's been proved."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Serwer |first1=Adam |title=White Nationalism’s Deep American Roots |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/04/adam-serwer-madison-grant-white-nationalism/583258/ |accessdate=24 March 2019 |work=The Atlantic |date=April 2019}}</ref> [[Adolf Hitler]] wrote to Grant to thank him for writing the book, calling it "my Bible."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kühl |first1=Stefan |title=Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=85}}</ref> |
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A 1925 book by [[Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi]] entitled ''Praktischer Idealismus'' (practical idealism) has been widely cited by proponents of the conspiracy theory throughout the 20th century.<ref name="GastonS">{{cite web |last1=Gaston |first1=Sophia |title=Out of the Shadows: Conspiracy Thinking on Immigration |url=https://henryjacksonsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Out-of-the-Shadows-Conspiracy-thinking-on-immigration.pdf |publisher=The Henry Jackson Society |date=November 2018}}</ref> It includes this passage: |
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{{quote|The man of the future will be of mixed race. Today's races and classes will gradually disappear owing to the vanishing of space, time, and prejudice. The Eurasian-Negroid race of the future, similar in its appearance to the Ancient Egyptians, will replace the diversity of peoples with a diversity of individuals.<ref name="PraktischerI">{{cite book |last=Coudenhove-Kalergi |first=Richard Nikolaus |date=1925 |title=Praktischer Idealismus |trans-title=Practical Idealism |url=https://archive.org/details/PraktischerIdealismus1925 |language=German |location=Wien-Leipzig |publisher=Pan-Europa-Verlag |id=UBR069031840355 |isbn= |accessdate=2014-11-07 |pages=22–23}}</ref>}} |
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A 1966 edition of the liberal American ''[[The Reporter (magazine)|The Reporter]]'' magazine described Rhodesian Prime Minister [[Ian Smith]] as having convinced white Rhodesians that their only alternative to his government's [[Rhodesian Bush War]] was "dictatorship and white genocide" by communist-backed black nationalist guerrillas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cefkin |first1=J. Leo |title=How Long Can Rhodesia Last?|work=The Reporter |date=February 10, 1966 |page=44 |quote=Smith faces the trials ahead with some considerable assets. Perhaps his most potent support lies in the siege mentality of the white Rhodesians. For the present, Smith has succeeded in convincing them that the only choice is the Rhodesian Front and UDI or black African dictatorship and white genocide.}}</ref><ref name="MurphyD" /> |
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=== Neo-Nazis === |
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The term "white genocide" appeared sporadically in the [[American Nazi Party]]'s ''[[American Nazi Party|White Power]]'' newspaper as early as 1972<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/roundtable/fear-white-genocide|title=Fear of White Genocide|last=Feshami|first=Kevan A.|date=2017-09-06|website=Lapham's Quarterly|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-01-20}}</ref> and ''[[White Aryan Resistance|WAR]]''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uwq52hxRDHwC|title=White Lies, White Power: The Fight Against White Supremacy and Reactionary Violence|last=Novick|first=Michael|date=1995|publisher=Common Courage Press |isbn=9781567510508|location=|pages=155|language=en}}</ref> in the 1970s and 1980s, where it primarily referred to [[contraception]] and [[abortion]]. The conspiracy theory was developed by the neo-Nazi [[David Lane (white supremacist)|David Lane]] in his ''White Genocide Manifesto'' ({{circa|1995|lk=on}}, origin of the later use of the term),<ref name="TDCWN">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/09/how-the-turner-diaries-changed-white-nationalism/500039/|title=How 'The Turner Diaries' Changed White Nationalism|last=Berger|first=J. M.|date=|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2017-11-24|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US|quote=The manifesto itself was soon reduced to the simple phrase 'white genocide', which proliferated at the start of the 21st century and has become the overwhelmingly dominant meme of modern white nationalism.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2016/12/26/drexel_censures_professor_for_white_genocide_tweet.html|title=Drexel University, Apparently Unfamiliar With White Supremacist Lingo, Censures Prof For 'White Genocide' Tweet|last=Dessem|first=Matthew|date=2016-12-26|work=Slate|access-date=2017-11-24|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US|issn=1091-2339|quote=Although it's difficult to date precisely, white supremacist publishing houses being somewhat less reliable than [[Simon & Schuster]], that honor probably belongs to the late David Lane, terrorist, white supremacist, and author of an execrable little essay called 'White Genocide Manifesto'.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/15/us/politics/alt-left-alt-right-glossary.html|title=Alt-Right, Alt-Left, Antifa: A Glossary of Extremist Language|last=Stack|first=Liam|date=2017-08-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-01-20 |language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> where he made the claim that the government policies of many [[Western world|Western countries]] had the intent of destroying [[Ethnic groups in Europe|white European]] culture and making white people an "extinct species".<ref name="PaulJ" /> Lane—a founding member of the organization [[The Order (white supremacist group)|The Order]]—criticized [[miscegenation]], abortion, [[homosexuality]], the legal repercussions against those who "resist genocide", and the "[[Zionist Occupation Government]]" that he said controls the United States and the other majority-white countries and which encourages "white genocide".<ref name="PaulJ" /> |
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=== Alt-right === |
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===Alt-right=== |
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In the first decade of the 21st century, the conspiracy theory spread beyond its explicit neo-Nazi and white nationalist origins, to be embraced by the newer [[alt-right]] movement. |
In the first decade of the 21st century, the conspiracy theory spread beyond its explicit neo-Nazi and white nationalist origins, to be embraced by the newer [[alt-right]] movement. |
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Anders Behring Breivik's entitled manifesto makes frequent mention of an alleged ongoing genocide against white Europeans.<ref name=" |
[[Anders Behring Breivik]]'s entitled manifesto makes frequent mention of an alleged ongoing genocide against white Europeans.<ref name="PaulJ" /> |
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Discussion threads on the white nationalist Internet forum [[Stormfront (website)|Stormfront]] often center around the theme of white people being subjected to genocidal policies by their governments.<ref name=" |
Discussion threads on the white nationalist Internet forum [[Stormfront (website)|Stormfront]] often center around the theme of white people being subjected to genocidal policies by their governments.<ref name="PaulJ" /> The concept has also been popularized by the [[alt-right]] and [[alt-lite]] movements in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/education/resources/backgrounders/alt-right-a-primer-about-the-new-white-supremacy|title=Alt Right: A Primer about the New White Supremacy|website=Anti-Defamation League|language=en|access-date=2017-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-alt-right-terminology-20161115-story.html|title='Cuck', 'snowflake,' 'masculinist': A guide to the language of the 'alt-right' |last=Roy |first=Jessica|date=2016-11-16|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-04-26|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> The 2017 [[Unite the Right rally]] in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], referenced the conspiracy theory as tiki torch-wielding protestors yelled "You will not replace us!" and "Jews will not replace us!" |
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The notion of racial purity, homogeneity or "[[racial hygiene]]" is an underlying theme of the white genocide discourse and it has been used by people with neo-Nazi and [[white supremacist]] backgrounds.<ref name=Routledge2015 /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Waltman|first1=Michael|last2=Haas|first2=John|title=The Communication of Hate|date=2011|publisher=Peter Lang Publishing|page=27|accessdate=10 August 2015|quote=Race categories are organized hierarchically to reflect differences that are inherent in the essence of these categories. These differences justify and underlie the hostility that is expressed toward inferior groups. This hostility further fuels the drive for racial purity. 'Race-mixing' is treated as genocide and is understood to be the goal of all non-whites.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kL10dsWEjcEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA27#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=9781433104473}}</ref> |
The notion of racial purity, [[homogeneity]] or "[[racial hygiene]]" is an underlying theme of the white genocide discourse and it has been used by people with neo-Nazi and [[white supremacist]] backgrounds.<ref name=Routledge2015 /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Waltman|first1=Michael|last2=Haas|first2=John|title=The Communication of Hate|date=2011|publisher=Peter Lang Publishing|page=27|accessdate=10 August 2015|quote=Race categories are organized hierarchically to reflect differences that are inherent in the essence of these categories. These differences justify and underlie the hostility that is expressed toward inferior groups. This hostility further fuels the drive for racial purity. 'Race-mixing' is treated as genocide and is understood to be the goal of all non-whites.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kL10dsWEjcEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA27#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=9781433104473}}</ref> |
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While individual iterations of the conspiracy theory vary on who is assigned blame, [[Jewish people|Jewish]] influence, people who hate whites,<ref name=Routledge2015>{{cite book|last1=Carmichael|first1=Cathie|last2=Maguire|first2=Richard|title=The Routledge History of Genocide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6rvlCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA215|date=1 May 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-51484-8|page=215}}</ref> and [[Liberalism|liberal political forces]] are commonly cited by white supremacists as being the main factors leading to a white genocide.<ref name=KivistoRundblad>{{cite book|last1=Kivisto|first1=Peter|last2=Rundblad|first2=Georganne|title=Multiculturalism in the United States: Current Issues, Contemporary Voices|date=2000|publisher=SAGE Knowledge|isbn=9780761986485|pages=57–60|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Co-4x6OXLiIC&pg=PA59&dq=%22white+genocide%22#v=onepage&q=%22white%20genocide%22&f=false|accessdate=1 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=King|first1=Richard|last2=Leonard|first2=David|title=Beyond Hate: White Power and Popular Culture|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|page=100|quote=Jesse Daniels argues that white nationalists discursively link Jews and their purported promotion of race mixing through their control of the media with their goal to commit 'the genocide of the white race'}} |
While individual iterations of the conspiracy theory vary on who is assigned blame, [[Jewish people|Jewish]] influence, people who hate whites,<ref name=Routledge2015>{{cite book|last1=Carmichael|first1=Cathie|last2=Maguire|first2=Richard|title=The Routledge History of Genocide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6rvlCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA215|date=1 May 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-51484-8|page=215}}</ref> and [[Liberalism|liberal political forces]] are commonly cited by white supremacists as being the main factors leading to a white genocide.<ref name=KivistoRundblad>{{cite book|last1=Kivisto|first1=Peter|last2=Rundblad|first2=Georganne|title=Multiculturalism in the United States: Current Issues, Contemporary Voices|date=2000|publisher=SAGE Knowledge|isbn=9780761986485|pages=57–60|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Co-4x6OXLiIC&pg=PA59&dq=%22white+genocide%22#v=onepage&q=%22white%20genocide%22&f=false|accessdate=1 May 2015}}</ref><ref> |
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* {{cite book|last1=King|first1=Richard|last2=Leonard|first2=David|title=Beyond Hate: White Power and Popular Culture|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|page=100|quote=Jesse Daniels argues that white nationalists discursively link Jews and their purported promotion of race mixing through their control of the media with their goal to commit 'the genocide of the white race'}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Ferber|first1=Abby|title=White Man Falling: Race, Gender, and White Supremacy|date=1999|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|page=124|quote=According to White Power article entitled 'Jews Planning White Genocide', 'world Jewry's chilling Final Solution [is] the physical and spiritual genocide of the White race they despise'}}</ref><ref name="PaulJ" /> This view is held by prominent figures such as [[David Duke]], who cites Jews and "liberal political ideals" as the main causes.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bridges|first1=Tyler|title=The Rise of David Duke|date=1994|publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi|page=23|quote=Duke believed Jews were engaged in a conspiracy to weaken the white race by using the media to promote integration and race mixing ... race mixing, Duke believed, meant white genocide}}</ref><ref name="PaulJ">{{cite encyclopedia | last = Jackson | first = Paul | title = 'White genocide': Postwar fascism and the ideological value of evoking existential conflicts | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6rvlCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA207 | encyclopedia = The Routledge History of Genocide | editors = Cathie Carmichael, Richard C. Maguire | date = 1 May 2015 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 9781317514848 | pages = 207–226 | quote=Duke's current website hosts a variety of essays that develop the idea that white people are being subjected to a genocide. Again we see a key linkage here between raising the idea of a white genocide and decrying liberal political ideals. In one such essay, 'The Genocide of the White Race is Promoted by Liberals', the point is set out as follows: ... The actions being taken by liberal governments to force non-White into every White nation will eventually eliminate the White race itself.}}</ref> White nationalist Robert Whitaker, who coined the phrase "anti-racist is a [[Code word (figure of speech)|code word]] for anti-white" in a widely circulated 2006 piece seeking to popularize the white genocide concept online, used "anti-White" to describe those he believed are responsible for the genocide of white people, and continued to view it as a Jewish conspiracy while emphasizing that others also supported the "anti-White" cause.<ref> |
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* Robert/Bob Whitaker (2015): [http://www.whitakeronline.org/blog/2015/06/26/bobs-reply-to-ny-times-op-ed-article/ Bob's Reply to NY Times Op-Ed Article]. Whitakeronline.org/blog. Retrieved: 15.07.2015 |
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* {{cite web|last1=Whittaker|first1=Bob|title=Repeat: Hatred is for Traitors|url=http://www.whitakeronline.org/blog/2012/08/20/repeat-hatred-is-for-traitors/|website=Whitakeronline.org|accessdate=15 July 2015|quote=A Jew is effectively in uniform. He is a Jew and he would therefore be very happy if all the white Goyim disappeared from the earth. The only problem is that white gentiles refuse to understand that every word Jews utter about white gentiles is a demand for our end, our genocide, our termination}} |
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* Robert/Bob Whitaker (2015): [http://www.whitakeronline.org/blog/2015/07/12/white-self-hatred-is-sick/ WHITE SELF-HATRED IS SICK!!!]. Whitakeronline.org/blog. Retrieved 15 July 2015. |
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* {{Cite web|url=https://www.counter-currents.com/2017/06/robert-whitaker-remembered/|first=Spencer|last=Quinn|title=Robert Whitaker Remembered|website=Counter-Currents Publishing|access-date=2018-09-03}} |
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* {{Cite news|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2013/following-white-rabbit|title=Following the White Rabbit|work=Southern Poverty Law Center|access-date=2018-09-05}} |
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* {{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/06/dylann-roof-world-white-supremacist/396557/|title=Dylann Roof and the 'Globalization of White Nationalism'|last=Gilsinan|first=Kathy|date=2015-06-24|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2018-09-05}}</ref><ref name="TDCWN" /> However, the view that Jews are responsible for a white genocide is contested by other white supremacist figures, such as [[Jared Taylor]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Anti-Immigration in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia: A Historical Encyclopedia |last1=Arnold|first1=Kathleen|date=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313375217|location=|page=508|quote=Unlike many other white supremacists, Taylor is not anti-Semitic, and in fact encourages Jews to join his fight ... however many within the white supremacist/anti-immigration movement disagree with Taylor, most notably David Duke, and he has been under tremendous pressure to break ties with the Jewish community. Taylor, at least for now, has refused to submit to this pressure and continues to work with Jews to further his platform.}}</ref> |
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== Advocacy and spread == |
== Advocacy and spread == |
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The conspiracy theory has continuously recurred among the far-right in a variety of forms, all centered around a core theme of white populations being replaced, removed, or simply killed.<ref name="far-right idea" / |
The white genocide conspiracy theory has continuously recurred among the far-right in a variety of forms, all centered around a core theme of white populations being replaced, removed, or simply killed.<ref name="far-right idea" /> |
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=== Australia === |
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American Neo-Nazi literature such as ''[[The Turner Diaries]]'' and Lane's ''White Genocide Manifesto'' have spread online to right wing groups in Australia. An influential collection of writings called ''Siege'' by [[James Mason (neo-Nazi)|James Mason]] was cited as an inspiration by some of the twenty-two neo-Nazis who infiltrated the New South Wales [[Young Nationals (Australia)|Young Nationals]] party from which they were banned for life for trying to advance the creation of an ethno-state.<ref name="RossK">{{cite news |last1=Ross |first1=Kaz |title=How believers in 'white genocide' spread their hate campaign in Australia |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/how-believers-in-white-genocide-spread-their-hate-campaign-in-australia-119031600127_1.html |accessdate=19 March 2019 |work=Business Standard |date=March 16, 2019}}</ref> Themes of the "defense of Western civilization" and the achievements of ethnic Whites have become racist [[dog whistles]] for groups advancing theories of an impending white genocide. <ref name="RossW" /> |
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In March 2018, several Australian tabloids owned by the News Corporation ran articles alleging that South African whites were faced with genocide and which led the Australian home affairs minister [[Peter Dutton]] to promise fast-track visas for any South African white wishing to emigrate to Australia.<ref name="far-right idea"/> Dutton is known for his anti-immigrant and anti-refugee stance, which led to questions about his willingness to accept South African whites into Australia as refugees, since he normally opposes Australia accepting refugees.<ref name="smh" /> One News Corp columnist, [[Miranda Devine]], wrote about the ties as she saw them between the Australian people and “our oppressed white, Christian, industrious, rugby and cricket-playing Commonwealth cousins" threatened by South African blacks whom she promised would integrate "seamlessly" into Australia as opposed to immigration from Third World countries.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/16/peter-duttons-offer-to-white-south-african-farmers-started-on-the-far-righte|title=Peter Dutton’s offer to white South African farmers started on the far right|last=Wilson|first=Jason|date=16 March 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=2018-12-09}}</ref> Another Australian News Corporation columnist, Caroline Marcus, connected the alleged plight of South African whites to what she saw as a broader attack on whites across the world, writing "the truth is, there are versions of this anti-white, vengeance theme swirling in movements around the western world, from Black Lives Matter in the US to Invasion Day protests back home."<ref name="auto6"/> The British journalist Jason Wilson noted that the News Corporation run by the Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch also owns Fox News, which has aired stories portraying South African whites as a persecuted minority, leading him to accuse the News Corporation of promoting this narrative around the world.<ref name="far-right idea"/> |
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In 2018 resolution declaring "[[It's OK to be white]]", and decrying "the deplorable rise of anti-white racism and attacks on Western civilization," was introduced in the Australian Senate by [[Pauline Hanson]], an anti-immigrant Senator who leads the [[Pauline Hanson's One Nation|One Nation Party]]. The motion was narrowly defeated. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Westcott |first1=Ben |title=Australian government votes for motion saying 'it's okay to be white' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/15/australia/pauline-hanson-white-australia-intl/index.html |accessdate=11 April 2019 |work=CNN |date=October 15, 2018}}</ref> The same slogan, which is associated with white supremacist rhetoric, was also depicted on a short worn by the far-right Canadian youtuber [[Lauren Southern]] during a visit to Australia. <ref name="RossK" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Katzowitz |first1=Josh |title=YouTuber wears ‘It’s okay to be white’ T-shirt on tour |url=https://www.dailydot.com/upstream/youtuber-lauren-southern-its-okay-to-be-white-t-shirt/ |accessdate=11 April 2019 |work=The Daily Dot |date=July 16, 2018}}</ref> |
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After Australian white-genocide conspiracy theorist Brenton Tarrant carried out the March 2019 [[Christchurch mosque shootings]], Queensland Senator [[Fraser Anning]] released a statement saying the cause of the attacks was "the immigration program which allowed Muslim fanatics to migrate to New Zealand in the first place". Anning has called for a "[[final solution]]" to nonwhite immigration to Australia,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gstalter |first1=Morgan |title=Australian lawmaker blames Muslims after white supremacist kills 49 at two New Zealand mosques |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/434204-australian-lawmaker-blames-muslims-after-white-supremacist-kills-49-at |accessdate=23 March 2019 |agency=The Hill |date=15 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> and frequently issues calls to stop white genocide on social media.<ref>e.g., [https://www.facebook.com/senatorfraseranning/videos/white-genocide-south-africa/499375800478119/ Facebook video] and [https://twitter.com/fraser_anning/status/997444792580636673?lang=en Tweet].</ref> Other politicians such as Home Affairs Minister [[Peter Dutton]] have helped propel the idea of white genocide into the mainstream.<ref name="RossW" /> |
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=== Canada === |
=== Canada === |
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* [[Faith Goldy]], a Canadian right-wing writer and commentator, has been described by ''[[GQ]]'' magazine as "one of Canada's most prominent propagandists" for the theory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gq.com/story/how-free-speech-warriors-mainstreamed-white-supremacists |title=How Free Speech Warriors Mainstreamed White Supremacists |date=8 May 2018|publisher=[[GQ]]}}</ref> She has compared Canada's immigration policies to "white genocide".<ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Toronto scraps 'free speech' event|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40956141|newspaper=BBC News|date=16 August 2017|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Advertisers bow to pressure to pull ads from The Rebel|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/marketing/advertisers-bow-to-pressure-to-pull-ads-from-the-rebel/article35181695/|via=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> |
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* [[Gavin McInnes]], a [[Vice Media]] co-founder, Canadian writer, actor and comedian, is one of the main leaders of the far-right factions that believe in the conspiracy theory.<ref name="rewireMcInnis">{{Cite news|url=https://rewire.news/article/2017/08/28/hate-goes-mainstream-gavin-mcinnes-proud-boys/|title=How Hate Goes 'Mainstream': Gavin McInnes and the Proud Boys – Rewire.News|work=Rewire.News|access-date=2018-08-29|language=en-US}}</ref> He has stated that white women having abortions and immigration is "leading to white genocide in the West".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/17/charlottesville-alt-right-neo-nazis-white-nationalists |title=Neo-Nazis, white nationalists, and internet trolls: who's who in the far right |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/08/10/do-you-want-bigots-gavin-because-how-you-get-bigots|title=Do You Want Bigots, Gavin? Because This Is How You Get Bigots|work=Hatewatch|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref><ref name="rewireMcInnis" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypaper.com/news/dic/bcp-102517-dic-proud-boys-20171025-story.html |title=Proud Boy lawyer demands alt-weeklies not call "western chauvinist fraternity" alt-right |publisher=''[[Baltimore City Paper]]'' |date=October 25, 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[Stefan Molyneux]], a Canadian podcaster and YouTuber, is a supporter of the theory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/362284/alt-right-speakers-stefan-molyneux-and-lauren-southern-anger-nz-muslims |title=Alt-right speakers Stefan Molyneux and Lauren Southern anger NZ Muslims |publisher=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=20 July 2018}}</ref> He has devoted a video to the conspiracy theories about "White Genocide" in South Africa.<ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=The Race War Preppers Behind South Africa's 'White Genocide' Meme|url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/qvn44v/the-race-war-preppers-behind-south-africas-white-genocide-meme|newspaper=Vice|date=10 May 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Lauren Southern]], a Canadian far-right internet personality and political activist, has promoted the white genocide conspiracy theory, using it as an argument against immigration.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rawstory.com/2018/07/anti-immigration-activist-denied-entry-australia-filled-wrong-visa-form/ |title=Anti-immigration activist denied entry to Australia because she filled out wrong visa form |publisher=''[[The Raw Story]]'' |date=9 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=ibtimes/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chutel |first1=Lynsey |title=International outrage about a "genocide" against white farmers in South Africa ignores the data |url=https://qz.com/1297437/farm-murders-in-south-africa-are-decreasing-even-as-conservatives-warn-of-genocide-of-white-afrikaners/ |accessdate=30 July 2018 |work=Quartz |date=5 June 2018}}</ref> She has advocated for European countries to refuse [[refugees]] from Africa and Asia, saying that immigration would lead to white genocide,<ref name=ibtimes>{{cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.com.au/canadian-far-right-activist-lauren-southern-denied-australian-visa-1569859 |title=Canadian far-right activist Lauren Southern denied Australian visa |publisher=''[[International Business Times]]'' |date=10 July 2018}}</ref> and has been labelled in media as a "booster" for the conspiracy at large.<ref name="smh" /> In 2018, Southern produced a documentary called ''Farmlands'' about [[South African farm attacks|post-Apartheid farm violence in South Africa]].<ref name=out>{{cite news|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/lauren-southern-protesters-out-to-disrupt-right-wing-commentators-event/news-story/5b7db1c243bf7df639f535561679a36f|title=Lauren Southern: protesters out to disrupt right wing commentator's event|newspaper=[[The Australian]]|date=July 20, 2018|first=Rebecca|last=Urban}}</ref> [[Sky News Australia|Sky News]] interviewed her regarding her documentary ''Farmlands'', introduced as what Southern describes as the "white genocide of South Africa", the tagline of which was "Crisis. Oppression. Genocide?"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baidawi|first1=Adam|title=South Africa Says Australia Retracted Claim of 'Persecuted' White Farmers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/03/world/australia/south-africa-white-farmers.html|accessdate=9 May 2018|work=The New York Times|date=3 April 2018}}</ref> |
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[[Faith Goldy]], a Canadian right-wing writer and commentator, has been described by ''[[GQ]]'' magazine as "one of Canada's most prominent propagandists" for the theory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gq.com/story/how-free-speech-warriors-mainstreamed-white-supremacists |title=How Free Speech Warriors Mainstreamed White Supremacists |date=8 May 2018|publisher=[[GQ]]}}</ref> She has compared Canada's immigration policies to "white genocide".<ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Toronto scraps 'free speech' event|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40956141|newspaper=BBC News|date=16 August 2017|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Advertisers bow to pressure to pull ads from The Rebel|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/marketing/advertisers-bow-to-pressure-to-pull-ads-from-the-rebel/article35181695/|via=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> |
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===South Africa and Zimbabwe=== |
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White supremacists are described as being obsessed with the treatment of the formerly dominant white minorities in [[Zimbabwe]] and [[South Africa]] by the black majorities where "the diminished stature of whites is presented as an ongoing genocide that must be fought".<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/Backchannels/2015/0618/Why-would-an-American-white-supremacist-be-fond-of-Rhodesia|title=Why would an American white supremacist be fond of Rhodesia?|last=Murply|first=Dan|date=15 June 2015|work=The Christian Science Monitor|access-date=2018-12-09}}</ref> In particular, the story of Rhodesia as Zimbabwe was formerly known, which was ruled by a white supremacist government until 1980 holds a particular fascination for white supremacists.<ref name="auto"/> Zimbabwe's disastrous economic collapse under the leadership of its first black president, [[Robert Mugabe]], together with the Mugabe government's policies towards the white minority has been cited by white supremacists as evidence of both the inferiority of blacks and a case of genocide against whites.<ref name="auto"/> In alt-right and white supremacist groups, there is much nostalgia for Rhodesia, which is seen as a state that fought valiantly for white supremacy in Africa in the 1960-1970s until it was betrayed.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.wral.com/trump-tweet-echoes-agenda-of-supremacy/17791327/|title=Trump Tweet Echoes Agenda of Supremacy|last1=Davis|first1=Julie Hirschfeld|last2=Onishi|first2=Norimitsu|date=23 August 2018|work=WRAL.com|access-date=2018-12-09}}</ref> |
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[[File:Gavin-McInnes-2015.png|thumb|Gavin McInnes]] |
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Even mainstream American conservatives who often championed the causes of Rhodesia and apartheid South Africa, seeing both regimes as having supposedly more enlightened policies towards black people than the policy of integration in the United States, embraced the variants of the white genocide theory as part of the defense of Rhodesia and South Africa.<ref name="auto2" /> In 2015, the Canadian journalist Jeet Heer wrote: "The idea that whites in America have a natural affinity with white colonialists in Africa did not spring from the neo-Nazi far-right, but rather the conservative movement that coalesced around ''[[National Review]]'' in the 1950s."<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/122140/dylann-roofs-defense-apartheid-africa-has-roots-us-conservatism|last=Heer|first=Jeet||title=Dylann Roof's Defense of White Rule in Africa Has Roots in American Conservatism|date=24 June 2015|work=The New Republic|access-date=2018-12-09}}</ref> In 1957, the American journalist [[William F. Buckley]] wrote in ''The National Review'' in defense of white supremacy around the world: "The question, as far as the White community is concerned, is whether the claims of civilization supersede those of universal suffrage. The British believe they do, and acted accordingly, in Kenya, where the choice was dramatically one between civilization and barbarism, and elsewhere; the South, where the conflict is by no means dramatic, as in Kenya, nevertheless perceives important qualitative differences between its culture and the Negroes’, and intends to assert its own."<ref name="auto2"/> The "choice" that Britain faced "between civilization and barbarism" in Kenya that Buckley was referring to was the [[Kenya Emergency]] where the Kikuyu Land and Freedom Army, better known as the Mau Mau, fought for independence, and in the process the British security forces killed approximately 10,000-20,000 Kikuyu to put down the rebellion. The Mau Mau were depicted in the 1950s as savages who killed white British settlers, which justified British atrocities against the Kikuyu, and by linking the U.S. civil rights movement with the Mau Mau, Buckley was suggesting that civil rights for African-Americans would led to atrocities against white Americans.<ref name="auto2"/> |
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[[Gavin McInnes]], a [[Vice Media]] co-founder, Canadian writer, actor and comedian, is one of the main leaders of the far-right factions that believe in the conspiracy theory.<ref name="rewireMcInnis">{{Cite news|url=https://rewire.news/article/2017/08/28/hate-goes-mainstream-gavin-mcinnes-proud-boys/|title=How Hate Goes 'Mainstream': Gavin McInnes and the Proud Boys – Rewire.News|work=Rewire.News|access-date=2018-08-29|language=en-US}}</ref> He has stated that white women having abortions and immigration is "leading to white genocide in the West".<ref> |
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Heer wrote that Buckley's equation of whiteness with "civilization" and blackness with "barbarism" led him to support racist regimes in both South Africa and Rhodesia, to paint the possibility of majority rule in both places in the darkest of colors, and his writings on the subject from the 1950s to the 1990s show a strong emotional identification with the whites of Rhodesia and South Africa.<ref name="auto2"/> Buckley and other American conservatives consistently portrayed apartheid era South Africa in a favorable light, and warned that majority rule would cause a disaster for whites.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite news|url=http://prospect.org/article/apologists-without-remorse|last=Heilbrunn|first=Jacob||title=Apologists Without Remorse|date=January–February 1998|work=The American Prospect |access-date=2018-12-09}}</ref> On 23 April 1960 in the aftermath of the Sharpville massacre of March 1960, ''The National Review'' ran an editorial stating "the whites are entitled, we believe, to pre-eminence in South Africa."<ref name="auto3"/> [[Russell Kirk]] in a column in ''The National Review'' on 9 March 1965 warned that letting African-Americans vote in the United States "will work mischief—much injuring, rather than fulfilling, the responsible democracy for which Tocqueville hoped", but in the case of South Africa "this degradation of the democratic dogma, if applied, would bring anarchy and the collapse of civilization."<ref name="auto3"/> Kirk stated apartheid was just because South African whites were racially superior and "Bantu political domination would be domination by witch doctors (still numerous and powerful) and reckless demagogues."<ref name="auto3"/> On 13 April 1979, Buckley in a column gave an account of South African history very sympathetic to Afrikaner nationalists, suggesting that their concerns about black rule were rational and "their fears are understandable."<ref name="auto3"/> In an editorial on 14 March 1986, ''The National Review'' asked "To what extent, is the vast majority of South African blacks intellectually and practically prepared to assume the social, economic, and political leadership in a highly industrialized country?"<ref name="auto3"/> In the July 1988 edition of ''Commentary'', David Roberts, Jr compared Nelson Mandela to Pol Pot and the African National Congress to the Khmer Rouge, implying that the ANC would exterminate South African whites if it came to power.<ref name="auto3"/> Shortly before his death in 2005 [[Samuel T. Francis]], the former editor of the conservative ''[[Washington Times]]'', warned about the possibility of a "white genocide" in South Africa.<ref name="auto2" /> |
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* {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/17/charlottesville-alt-right-neo-nazis-white-nationalists |title=Neo-Nazis, white nationalists, and internet trolls: who's who in the far right |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 17, 2017}} |
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* {{cite news|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/08/10/do-you-want-bigots-gavin-because-how-you-get-bigots|title=Do You Want Bigots, Gavin? Because This Is How You Get Bigots|work=Hatewatch|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}} |
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* {{cite web|url=http://www.citypaper.com/news/dic/bcp-102517-dic-proud-boys-20171025-story.html |title=Proud Boy lawyer demands alt-weeklies not call "western chauvinist fraternity" alt-right |publisher=''[[Baltimore City Paper]]'' |date=October 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="rewireMcInnis" /> |
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[[Stefan Molyneux]], a Canadian podcaster and YouTuber, is a supporter of the theory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/362284/alt-right-speakers-stefan-molyneux-and-lauren-southern-anger-nz-muslims |title=Alt-right speakers Stefan Molyneux and Lauren Southern anger NZ Muslims |publisher=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=20 July 2018}}</ref> He has devoted a video to the conspiracy theories about "White Genocide" in South Africa.<ref name="preppers" /> |
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Simon Roche, an Afrikaner nationalist from South Africa and a spokesman for the survivialist group, the [[Suidlanders]], that exists in his words "to prepare a Protestant Christian South African Minority for a coming violent revolution", visited the United States in 2017 to promote the thesis that the white minority in South Africa is faced with the threat of genocide.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/23/white-farmers-trump-south-africa-tucker-carlson-far-right-influence|title=White farmers: how a far-right idea was planted in Donald Trump's mind|last=Wilson|first=Jason|date=24 August 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=2018-12-09}}</ref> Roche stated he went to the United States to “raise awareness of and support for the Caucasian Christian conservative ''volk'' of South Africa...There’s a natural affinity with conservative white Americans.”<ref name="auto1"/> Another South African proponent of the genocide theory, Willem Petzer, appeared on a guest on [[Gavin McInnes]]'s podcast, accusing African National Congress government in South Africa of planning genocide.<ref name="auto4"/> |
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[[Lauren Southern]], a Canadian far-right internet personality and political activist, has promoted the white genocide conspiracy theory, using it as an argument against immigration.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rawstory.com/2018/07/anti-immigration-activist-denied-entry-australia-filled-wrong-visa-form/ |title=Anti-immigration activist denied entry to Australia because she filled out wrong visa form |publisher=''[[The Raw Story]]'' |date=9 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=ibtimes/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chutel |first1=Lynsey |title=International outrage about a "genocide" against white farmers in South Africa ignores the data |url=https://qz.com/1297437/farm-murders-in-south-africa-are-decreasing-even-as-conservatives-warn-of-genocide-of-white-afrikaners/ |accessdate=30 July 2018 |work=Quartz |date=5 June 2018}}</ref> She has advocated for European countries to refuse [[refugees]] from Africa and Asia, saying that immigration would lead to white genocide,<ref name=ibtimes>{{cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.com.au/canadian-far-right-activist-lauren-southern-denied-australian-visa-1569859 |title=Canadian far-right activist Lauren Southern denied Australian visa |publisher=''[[International Business Times]]'' |date=10 July 2018}}</ref> and has been labelled in media as a "booster" for the conspiracy at large.<ref name="smh" /> In 2018, Southern produced a documentary called ''Farmlands'' about [[South African farm attacks|post-Apartheid farm violence in South Africa]].<ref name=out>{{cite news|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/lauren-southern-protesters-out-to-disrupt-right-wing-commentators-event/news-story/5b7db1c243bf7df639f535561679a36f|title=Lauren Southern: protesters out to disrupt right wing commentator's event|newspaper=[[The Australian]]|date=July 20, 2018|first=Rebecca|last=Urban}}</ref> |
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[[Steve Hofmeyr]], a South African singer, songwriter, political activist, actor and TV presenter, supports and promotes the conspiracy theory.<ref name="Overland" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Getting the facts straight: A fact-checking website in Africa hopes to stem the flow of misinformation |url=https://www.economist.com/baobab/2013/07/03/getting-the-facts-straight |publisher=''[[The Economist]]'' |date=July 3, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The dangerous myth of 'white genocide' in South Africa |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/08/23/dangerous-myth-white-genocide-south-africa |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |date=August 23, 2018}}</ref> ''[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]'' has credited Hofmeyr with popularizing the concept.<ref>{{cite news|title=Donald Trump, white victimhood and the South African far-right |url=http://theconversation.com/donald-trump-white-victimhood-and-the-south-african-far-right-73400 |publisher=''[[The Conversation (website)]]'' |date=February 23, 2017}}</ref> In January 2017, media reported that Hofmeyr was set to meet President-elect [[Donald Trump]] to discuss "white genocide" in South Africa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Funds raised for Hofmeyr to meet with Trump over ‘white genocide’ |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1398923/funds-raised-for-hofmeyr-to-meet-with-trump-over-white-genocide/ |publisher=''[[The Citizen (South Africa)]]'' |date=January 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hofmeyr could meet Trump to discuss 'white genocide in SA' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/world/hofmeyr-could-meet-trump-to-discuss-white-genocide-in-sa-7440941 |publisher=[[Independent Online (South Africa)]] |date=January 18, 2017}}</ref> Another Afrikaner group, AfriForum, had its chief executive Kallie Kriel and deputy executive Ernst Roets, visit the United States in May 2018 seeking support from the Trump administration.<ref name="auto1"/> Roets met with U.S. National Security Adviser, John Bolton, and according to him gave him a copy of his book, ''Kill the Boar'', which claims the ANC government is behind the murders of Afrikaner farmers.<ref name="auto1"/> |
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=== France === |
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In March 2018, several Australian tabloids owned by the News Corporation ran articles alleging that South African whites were faced with genocide and which led the Australian home affairs minister [[Peter Dutton]] to promise fast-track visas for any South African white wishing to emigrate to Australia.<ref name="auto4"/> Dutton is known for his anti-immigrant and anti-refugee stance, which led to questions about his willingness to accept South African whites into Australia as refugees, since he normally opposes Australia accepting refugees.<ref name="auto5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/the-high-price-of-white-genocide-politics-for-australia-20180724-p4zt9k.html|title=The high price of 'white genocide' politics for Australia|last=Zappone|first=Chris|date=12 August 2018|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=2018-12-09}}</ref> One News Corp columnist, [[Miranda Devine]], wrote about the ties as she saw them between the Australian people and “our oppressed white, Christian, industrious, rugby and cricket-playing Commonwealth cousins" threatened by South African blacks whom she promised would integrate "seamlessly" into Australia as opposed to immigration from Third World countries.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/16/peter-duttons-offer-to-white-south-african-farmers-started-on-the-far-righte|title=Peter Dutton’s offer to white South African farmers started on the far right|last=Wilson|first=Jason|date=16 March 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=2018-12-09}}</ref> Another Australian News Corporation columnist, Caroline Marcus, connected the alleged plight of South African whites to what she saw as a broader attack on whites across the world, writing “the truth is, there are versions of this anti-white, vengeance theme swirling in movements around the western world, from Black Lives Matter in the US to Invasion Day protests back home”.<ref name="auto6"/> The British journalist Jason Wilson noted that the News Corporation run by the Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch also owns Fox News, which has aired stories portraying South African whites as a persecuted minority, leading him to accuse the News Corporation of promoting this narrative around the world.<ref name="auto4"/> |
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{{See also|The Great Replacement conspiracy theory|The Camp of the Saints}} |
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Figures on the right of French politics, such as [[Renaud Camus]], have claimed that a "white genocide" or "Great Replacement" is occurring in France.<ref>Eirikur Bergmann: 'Conspiracy & Populism: The Politics of Misinformation'', 2018, Chapter: "The Eurabia Doctrine", p. 127.</ref> Camus's definition, which focuses largely on the white Christian population in France, has been used in media interchangably with white genocide,<ref>{{cite news|title=The Enoch Powell Question |url=https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/the-enoch-powell-question/ |publisher=''[[The American Conservative]]'' |date=March 8, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Day trope" /> and described as a narrower, less extreme and more nationally focused version of the broader conspiracy theory.<ref name="Overland" /><ref name="New face" /> Despite his focus on the specific [[demographics of France]], Camus also believes all Western countries are facing a form of "ethnic and civilizational substitution".<ref>{{cite news|title=The French Origins of "You Will Not Replace Us" |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/12/04/the-french-origins-of-you-will-not-replace-us |publisher=''[[The New Yorker]]'' |date=December 4, 2017}}</ref> |
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Much of the theory that South African whites are faced with the threat of "genocide" originates with internet rumors started by the government of Russia.<ref name="auto5"/> Vesti, a television channel owned by the Russian government, aired a segment in the summer of 2018 about Afrikaner farmers wanting to immigrate to Russia as "brothers in faith".<ref name="auto5"/> The present government in Russia led by Vladimir Putin often attacks the ideology of liberalism for putting the individual before the collective, and promotes "white genocide" stories both as a way of showing the failure of liberalism and to promote the thesis that group identities matter far more than individual identities.<ref name="auto5"/> The ideology of the Russian state is that the interests of the collective take precedence over the individual, and evidence of alleged failures of liberalism abroad are extensively covered by the Russian media.<ref name="auto5"/> The Australian historian Mark Edele stated:"There is definitely an attempt [by Russia] to support alt-right views and extreme right organisations outside of Russia...Russia supports groups that will undermine liberal views. That's the logic of sponsorship of alt-right groups by Russia...There is a longstanding anxiety among Russia's nationalists that Russians are dying out because of falling birth rates compared to non-Slavic peoples. It reverberates with white genocide fears"<ref name="auto5"/> The Canadian alt-right personality [[Lauren Southern]] had a sympathetic interview with the Russian Eurasianist thinker [[Aleksandr Dugin]], who told her "liberalism denies the existence of any collective identities" and that "liberalism is based on the absence of any form of collective identity".<ref name="auto5"/> Dugin used the case of white South African farmers allegedly threatened with genocide as proof of the failure of liberalism, for putting the individual ahead of the collective.<ref name="auto5"/> After the end of apartheid in 1994, South Africa was presented as the "rainbow nation" where henceforward people, regardless of their skin color, would be judged only as individuals. From the viewpoint of the Russian state, presenting liberalism in South Africa as a blood-soaked disaster is a way of discrediting liberalism in general.<ref name="auto5"/> |
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White genocide was used as a [[slogan]] by anti-immigrant/refugee protesters in [[Calais]] during [[European migrant crisis]]. |
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=== United Kingdom === |
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[[Katie Hopkins]], an English media personality, has made a documentary supporting the conspiracy theory of an ongoing genocide against white farmers in South Africa.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Race War Preppers Behind South Africa's 'White Genocide' Meme |url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/qvn44v/the-race-war-preppers-behind-south-africas-white-genocide-meme |publisher=''[[Vice Media]]'' |date=May 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=No, Katie Hopkins, there is no white genocide in South Africa |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/world/africa/2018/05/no-katie-hopkins-there-no-white-genocide-south-africa |publisher=''[[New Statesman]]'' |date=May 22, 2018}}</ref> She has also promoted the idea that both immigration and [[multiculturalism]] are intended to cause white genocide.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Rebel Media-branded retirement savings fund is not happening |url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/the-rebel-media-branded-retirement-savings-fund-is-not-happening/ |publisher=''[[Maclean's]]'' |date=July 24, 2018}}</ref> ''Yahoo! News'' reported that while traveling for the documentary, "her intention was to 'expose' the white genocide" happening to farmers in South Africa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Katie Hopkins allegedly detained at Johannesburg airport for 'spreading racial hatred' |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/katie-hopkins-allegedly-detained-johannesburg-airport-spreading-racial-hatred-143248388.html |publisher=''[[Yahoo News]]'' |date=February 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Katie Hopkins has been allowed to leave South Africa after being 'detained' |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/katie-hopkins-allowed-leave-south-africa-detained-130143584.html |publisher=''[[Yahoo News]]'' |date=February 7, 2018}}</ref> |
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=== Germany === |
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* [[Tucker Carlson]], an American conservative political commentator for [[Fox News]], has been described as playing a key role in bringing the conspiracy theory of an ongoing "white genocide" in South Africa into the mainstream after a piece about the topic on his show caught the attention of president [[Donald Trump]].<ref name="SalonCarlson" /><ref name="Carson Rebuttal" /><ref name="far-right idea" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2018/08/24/president-trump-is-pushing-white-nationalist-ideas-into-mainstream/|title=Perspective: President Trump is pushing white nationalist ideas into the mainstream|work=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=2018-09-04}}</ref> ''[[Vox Media|Vox]]'' described him as having "taken up the cause" of the "virulent, racist conspiracy theory" of white genocide.<ref name="Vox explained" /> Amanda Marcotte in ''[[Salon (website)|Salon]]'' has said that while he avoids using the specific phrase "white genocide", "its basic premise is embedded throughout his show".<ref name="SalonCarlson">{{cite web|last=Marcotte|first=Amanda|url=https://www.salon.com/2018/08/15/tucker-carlson-claims-theres-no-white-nationalism-his-shows-obsessive-racism-suggests-otherwise/ |title=Tucker Carlson claims there's no white nationalism. His show's obsessive racism suggests otherwise |date=15 August 2018 |work=[[Salon (website)|Salon]]}}</ref> The [[Southern Poverty Law Center|SPLC]] has accused his website, ''[[The Daily Caller]]'', of promoting the theory in relation to [[South African farm attacks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/08/16/daily-caller-has-white-nationalist-problem |title=The Daily Caller Has A White Nationalist Problem |date=16 August 2017 |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref><ref name="far-right idea" /> Carlson asserted he was shocked his statements could be considered an appeal to white nationalists, dismissing questions about his show's high support among them as "stupid" and saying he knew nothing about them.<ref name="Carson Rebuttal">{{Cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/tv/ct-fox-news-tucker-carlson-south-africa-20180824-story.html |title=Fox's Tucker Carlson stunned by reaction to stories on South Africa |last=Bauder |first=David |date=24 August 2018 |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Mike Cernovich]], an American alt-right social media personality, writer, and conspiracy theorist, supports and promotes the conspiracy theory.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trump Jr. Wants 'Alt-right' Personality Mike Cernovich to Win Pulitzer |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/trump-jr-wants-mike-cernovich-to-win-pulitzer-1.5457714 |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=April 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ohio treasurer and Senate candidate takes on Anti-Defamation League over far-right 'witch hunt' |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/ohio-treasurer-senate-candidate-takes-anti-defamation-league-far-right-witch-hunt-202509465.html |work=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=July 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Twitter's Alt-Right Purge Fell Short |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/how-twitters-alt-right-purge-fell-short-196449/ |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> He has deleted several tweets referring to the concept, one stating that "diversity is a code word for white genocide".<ref>{{cite news|title=James Gunn Was Fired For Old Tweets Because Disney Listened To The 'Pizzagate' Guy |url=https://www.houstonpress.com/arts/should-james-gunn-have-been-fired-as-galaxy-director-10682469 |work=[[Houston Press]] |date=July 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="False claims" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Virginia gubernatorial candidate laughed about GOP 'cucks' on controversial conspiracy theorist's show |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/24/politics/kfile-virginia-governor-livestream-appearance/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=December 6, 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[Ann Coulter]], an American conservative social, writer and political commentator, has been described as a "champion" of the ideas behind the conspiracy theory following a book she wrote on the subject.<ref>{{cite news|title=Why Ann Coulter is dead wrong about immigration in America |url=https://www.dailydot.com/via/ann-coulter-immigration/ |work=[[The Daily Dot]] |date=May 28, 2015}}</ref> She has also claimed that "a genocide" is occurring against white South African farmers.<ref>{{cite news|title=The high price of 'white genocide' politics for Australia |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/the-high-price-of-white-genocide-politics-for-australia-20180724-p4zt9k.html |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=August 12, 2018}}</ref> She described non-white immigration to the United States as "white genocide" in a 2007 article called "Bush's America: Roach Motel".<ref>{{cite news|title=The far right's "Free Speech Week" at UC Berkeley, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/9/21/16333260/free-speech-week-uc-berkeley |work=[[Vox Media]] |date=September 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Why Ann Coulter's Remarks Have Led to Accusations of Racism|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/top-most-racist-ann-coulter-quotes-2834520|newspaper=ThoughtCo}}</ref><ref>{{cite blog|title=Bush's America: Roach Motel |url=http://www.anncoulter.com/columns/2007-06-06.html |publisher=[[anncoulter.com]] |date=June 6, 2007}}</ref> ''[[Vox Media|Vox]]'' has described Coulter as one of many providing a platform for "the 'white genocide' myth".<ref name="VoxIdeology">{{cite news|title=The scary ideology behind Trump's immigration instincts |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/18/16897358/racism-donald-trump-immigration |work=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[David Duke]], an American white supremacist, former Republican [[Louisiana House of Representatives|Louisiana State Representative]] and Grand Wizard of the [[Ku Klux Klan|KKK]] has posted Youtube videos stating that Jews are "organising white genocide".<ref>{{cite news|title=Google condemned by MPs after refusing to ban anti-Semitic YouTube video by ex-KKK leader |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/youtube-google-kkk-video-refuses-to-take-down-antisemitic-david-duke-a7629861.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=March 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Google said a video about Jewish people 'organising white genocide' didn't infringe its guidelines |url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/google-said-a-david-duke-video-about-jewish-people-organising-white-genocide-wasnt-racist-2017-3 |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=March 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Why I, editor of the Jewish Chronicle, think anti-Semites should be allowed on YouTube |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/15/editor-jewish-chronicle-think-anti-semites-should-allowed-youtube/ |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=March 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Face-off between MPs and social media giants over online hate speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/mar/14/face-off-mps-and-social-media-giants-online-hate-speech-facebook-twitter |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=March 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Taxpayers are funding extremism |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/taxpayers-fund-extremism-csdn0npsf |work=[[The Times]] |date=March 17, 2017}}</ref> Duke has also accused [[Anthony Bourdain]] of wanting a genocide of white people.<ref>{{cite news|title=Anthony Bourdain Offers To 'Rearrange' Ex-KKK Leader David Duke's Extremities |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/anthony-bourdain-kkk-david-duke_us_58bee29fe4b0d8c45f46d6aa |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=March 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Anthony Bourdain offers to 'rearrange' David Duke's kneecaps |url=http://www.foxnews.com/food-drink/2017/03/03/anthony-bourdain-offers-to-rearrange-david-dukes-kneecaps.html |work=[[Fox News]] |date=March 3, 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[Alex Jones]] has been described as instrumental in the American spread of conspiracy theories about white genocide in Africa.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Lloyd|last1=Gedye|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=White genocide: How the big lie spread to the US and beyond|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-03-23-00-radical-right-plugs-swart-gevaar|work=[[The M&G Online]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Here's Twitter's position on Alex Jones (and hate-peddling anti-truthers) – hint: It's a fudge|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/08/07/heres-twitters-position-on-alex-jones-and-hate-peddling-anti-truthers-hint-its-a-fudge/|work=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> |
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* [[Jason Kessler]], the primary organizer behind the [[Unite the Right rally]] and an American white nationalist blogger, has repeatedly promoted the conspiracy theory, using his website to criticize what he called "white genocide" and an "attack on white history".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hawkins |first1=Derek |title=Jason Kessler, Charlottesville protest organizer, indicted on a charge of perjury |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/10/04/jason-kessler-charlottesville-protest-organizer-indicted-for-perjury/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 1, 2018 |date=October 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=White nationalist sues Charlottesville to hold Unite the Right anniversary rally|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/03/07/white-nationalist-sues-charlottesville-hold-unite-right-anniversary-rally/403556002/|newspaper=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.refinery29.com/2018/08/207046/trump-charlotttesville-riot-unite-the-right-rally-anniversary-tweet/ |title=In Remarks For Charlottesville Anniversary, Trump Still Plays To Both Sides |date=11 August 2018 |work=[[Refinery29]]}}</ref> |
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* [[Michael Savage]], an American radio host, author and conservative political commentator, has devoted an episode of his show to conspiracy theories about white genocide in Africa.<ref name="far-right idea" /> |
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* [[Jack Posobiec]], a leading figure in the [[alt-right]] former U.S. [[naval intelligence]] officer, and Trump activist, has frequently tweeted about the concept.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trump Retweets Alt-Right Leader Who Has Praised White Supremacist Richard Spencer |url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-tweets-alt-right-leader-who-praised-white-supremacist-richard-spencer-650852 |work=[[Newsweek]] |date=August 15, 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[Donald Trump Jr.]], an American businessman, executive director of [[the Trump Organization]] and the eldest child of U.S. President Donald Trump, has been accused by mainstream media of being an advocate of the conspiracy theory,<ref>{{cite news|title=Donald Trump Jr. Is His Father's Id |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/09/donald-trump-jr-is-his-fathers-id/500762/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=September 20, 2016}}</ref> or pretending to be an advocate for political gain,<ref>{{cite news|title=Donald Trump Jr. Emerges as 'Alt-Right' Hero Even as Dad Tones Down Rhetoric |url=https://forward.com/news/350364/donald-trump-jr-emerges-as-alt-right-hero-even-as-dad-tones-down-rhetoric/ |work=[[The Forward]] |date=September 20, 2016}}</ref> after his interview with white supremacist [[The Political Cesspool#James Edwards|James Edwards]] during the [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|2016 Trump presidential campaign]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Donald Trump Jr. sat down for interview with supremacist who once said 'interracial sex is white genocide' |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/world/donald-trump-jr-sat-down-for-interview-with-white-supremacist-who-once-said-interracial-sex-is-white-genocide |work=[[National Post]] |date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> |
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* [[Pittsburgh synagogue shooting#Suspect|Robert Bowers]], sole suspect charged in the October 2018 [[Pittsburgh synagogue shooting]], stated, "They're committing genocide to my people", in a police complaint.<ref name="CNN2018-10-28">{{cite news |last1=Chavez |first1=Nicole |title=Pittsburgh synagogue gunman told SWAT he wanted all Jews to die, criminal complaint says |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/28/us/pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting/index.html |accessdate=October 30, 2018 |work=[[CNN]] |date=October 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/oct/30/pittsburgh-synagogue-shooter-was-fringe-figure-in-online-world-of-white-supremacist-rage|title=Pittsburgh shooter was fringe figure in online world of white supremacist rage|last=Beckett|first=Lois|date=2018-10-30|work=The Guardian|access-date=2018-12-06|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On his [[Gab (social network)|Gab]] account (a favored social network for white nationalists) he wrote, "Daily Reminder: Diversity means chasing down the last white person" and "[[HIAS]] likes to bring invaders that kill our people. I can't sit by and watch my people get slaughtered. Screw your optics, I'm going in".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Renshaw |first1=Jarrett |title=Who is Robert Bowers, the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting suspect? |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pennsylvania-shooting-suspect/who-is-robert-bowers-the-pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting-suspect-idUSKCN1N10S6 |accessdate=October 30, 2018 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=October 27, 2018}}</ref> |
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The [[2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany|2015 New Year's Eve attacks]] in Cologne resulted in accusations that the federal government and media were deliberately avoiding public interest reporting on 1,200 [[sexual assault]]s by thousands of young male Muslim immigrants. Apologies for hesitancy by public television channel [[ZDF]] strengthened claims of a ''Lügenpresse'' (lying press) by populist and far-right parties as evidence for widespread conspiracy by German institutions. The unprecedented scale of border crossings during 2015 and 2016 compelled Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] to impose "temporary restrictions" on transit across the border with Austria. The alt-right conspiracy website [[Zero Hedge]] listed statistics on migrant crime in Germany alongside statements from politicians and news articles, presented as "contradictions confirming a deep-state level of conspiracy ... to push through a pro-immigration policy in Germany". During the 2017 German election campaign, the far-right [[Alternative for Germany]] party ran advertisements featuring a pregnant woman’s abdomen with the slogan, "New Germans? We'll make them ourselves."<ref name="GastonS" /> |
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==Appearance in mainstream US politics== |
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Starting with the [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016 US presidential election]], there have been allegations that aspects of the conspiracy theory have been adopted as [[Dog-whistle politics|dog-whistling]] by some mainstream conservative political figures. |
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=== Hungary === |
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Iowa congressman [[Steve King]] has used rhetoric that ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'' and ''[[Paste Magazine]]'' writers described as invoking the conspiracy theory, saying that "We can’t restore our civilization with somebody else's babies" and using the phrase "cultural suicide".<ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Steve King's district was built by "somebody else's babies"|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/03/steve-kings-iowa-immigrants/|newspaper=Mother Jones}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Steve King's White Nationalism is Echoed in the White House|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2017/03/steve-kings-white-nationalism-is-echoed-in-the-whi.html|newspaper=pastemagazine.com}}</ref> [[Vox (website)|Vox]] and [[The New Republic]] have described him as an adherent of the theory that immigration and other forms of population shift represent a slow genocide against white populations.<ref name="VoxIdeology" /><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Steve King says racist things because he knows the GOP won't call him out on it.|url=https://newrepublic.com/minutes/141310/steve-king-says-racist-things-knows-gop-wont-call-it|newspaper=The New Republic}}</ref> |
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[[File:EPP Helsinki Congress in Finland, 7-8 November 2018 (45777983671) cropped.jpg|thumb|Viktor Orbán]] |
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A state-sponsored campaign led by President [[Viktor Orbán]] has employed a wide range of historical anti-Semitic tropes to accuse philanthropist [[George Soros]] of engaging in conspiracies to support and deceive the public about nonwhite immigrants. Orbán has accused Soros, a Jew whose family survived hostile conditions during Hungary's Nazi occupation, of being a Nazi himself, and has introduced legislation known as the "Stop Soros law" to criminalize organized support of immigrants. These fabrications have become popular with the alt-right in Europe and the US.<ref name="GastonS" /> Orbán's 2018 campaign slogan was, "Christianity is Europe's last hope",<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bromley |first1=Richard |title=The politics of displacement: the Far Right narrative of Europe and its 'others' |journal=From the European South |date=2018 |volume=3 |pages=13–26 |url=http://europeansouth.postcolonialitalia.it/journal/2018-3/2.Bromley.pdf |accessdate=23 March 2019 |issn=2531-4130}}</ref> saying, "our worst nightmares can come true. The West falls as it fails to see Europe being overrun."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pasha-Robinson |first1=Lucy |title=Hungary's Prime Minister warns 'Europe is being overrun' in the run up to national election |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/viktor-orban-hungary-elections-prime-minister-anti-immigration-islam-fidesz-party-a8221121.html |accessdate=23 March 2019 |work=The Independent |date=21 February 2018 |language=en}}</ref> |
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In 2016, [[Donald Trump]] garnered controversy after retweeting [[Twitter]] user @WhiteGenocideTM,<ref>{{cite news|last1=CNN|first1=[[Tal Kopan]]|title=Donald Trump retweets 'White Genocide' Twitter user|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/01/22/politics/donald-trump-retweet-white-genocide/|accessdate=March 15, 2017|work=CNN|date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> and @EustaceFash, whose Twitter header image at the time also included the term "white genocide".<ref name="Fortune">{{cite news|last1=Kharakh|first1=Ben|last2=Primack|first2=Dan|title=Donald Trump's Social Media Ties to White Supremacists|url=http://fortune.com/donald-trump-white-supremacist-genocide/|accessdate=March 15, 2017|work=Fortune|date=March 22, 2016}}</ref> A 2016 analysis of his Twitter [[Web feed|feed]] during the [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016|Republican presidential primaries]] showed that 62% of those that he chose to [[retweet]] in an average week [[Friending and following|followed]] multiple accounts which discussed the conspiracy theory, and 21% followed prominent white nationalists online.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Staufenberg|first1=Jess|title=Turns out Donald Trump 'mostly' retweets white supremacist sympathisers|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trumps-re-tweets-are-mostly-of-white-supremacist-sympathisers-a6838521.html|accessdate=March 15, 2017|work=The Independent|date=January 28, 2016}}</ref> |
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=== New Zealand === |
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On August 23, 2018, US President [[Donald Trump]] brought the concept of "white genocide" in relation to [[South Africa]] significantly further into mainstream media discourse, after he publicly instructed Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] to investigate [[South African farm attacks]],<ref name="The Washington Post" /> an instruction which was broadly portrayed in media as the Trump and his administration advocating for an unfounded conspiracy theory.<ref name="NBC" /><ref name="ADL blasts">{{cite news|title=ADL blasts Trump for tweeting a white nationalist talking point |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/adl-blasts-trump-for-tweeting-a-white-nationalist-talking-point/ |work=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=August 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Newsweek">{{cite news|title=White Nationalists Praise Donald Trump for Spreading White South African Farmers Conspiracy Theory |url=https://www.newsweek.com/white-nationalists-trump-south-african-farmers-1087549 |work=[[Newsweek]]|date=August 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Rolling stone">{{cite news|title=Trump Is Using a White Nationalist Conspiracy Theory to Inform Policy |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/trump-south-africa-714744/ |work=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=August 23, 2018}}</ref> Trump had apparently gotten his information from a [[Tucker Carlson]] segment on [[Fox News]].<ref name="HuffPost">{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/trump-white-farmers-south-africa-conspiracy-theory_us_5b7f2d38e4b0729515115d9d|title=Trump Boosted A White Nationalist Conspiracy Theory He Saw On Fox News|last=Schulberg|first=Jessica|date=August 23, 2018|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=24 August 2018}}</ref> ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' magazine had claimed Trump was attempting to "change the conversation – to one about 'white genocide' in South Africa";<ref name="NYmag" /> ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' reported that the "President of the United States is now openly promoting an international racist conspiracy theory as the official [[foreign policy of the United States]]".<ref name="Esq">{{cite news|title=No One Should Need a Tape of Him Using a Racial Slur |url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/a22810662/donald-trump-south-africa-white-land-grabs-killings/ |work=[[Esquire (magazine)| ]] |date=August 23, 2018}}</ref> According to the [[Southern Poverty Law Center|SPLC]], Trump had "tweeted out his intention to put the full force of the [[U.S. State Department]] behind a white nationalist conspiracy theory".<ref name="stoking">{{cite news|title=President Trump is stoking white nationalism, exploiting racist fear |url=https://www.splcenter.org/news/2018/08/23/president-trump-stoking-white-nationalism-exploiting-racist-fear |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |date=August 23, 2018}}</ref> |
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Brenton Tarrant, the March 2019 [[Christchurch mosque shootings]] suspect, explained in his manifesto that he carried out the attack to fight ongoing "white genocide" by foreign "invaders."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weill |first1=Kelly |last2=Sommer |first2=Will |title=Mosque Attack Video Linked to ‘White Genocide’ Rant |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/christchurch-shootings-mosque-attack-video-linked-to-white-genocide-rant |accessdate=22 March 2019 |agency=The Daily Beast |date=15 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> He had forwarded stories about white women's low fertility rates on his social media accounts. Photographs from his initial court appearance showed him making the "OK" symbol appropriated by white supremacists with his fingers.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Howe |first1=Suzette |last2=Melendez |first2=Pilar |last3=Latza Nadeau |first3=Barbie |title=New Zealand Mosque Shooting Suspect Brenton Tarrant Flashes White Power Sign in Court |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/brenton-tarrant-idd-new-zealand-shooting-suspect |accessdate=22 March 2019 |agency=The Daily Beast |date=15 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> South African expatriates in New Zealand have been spreading white genocide myths on Facebook and by demonstrating in marches.<ref name="RossW">{{cite news |last1=Webb |first1=Ross |title=NZ's South African community needs to stop peddling the myth of white genocide |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/24-03-2019/ex-pat-south-africans-need-to-stop-pedalling-the-myth-of-white-genocide/ |accessdate=24 March 2019 |work=The Spinoff |date=24 March 2019}}</ref> |
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=== Poland === |
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Causing "angry reaction in South Africa", many politicians and public figures responded critically to Trump. These included multiple members of the [[22nd South African Parliament|South African Parliament]] and RSA [[Deputy President of South Africa|Deputy President]] [[David Mabuza]]. [[Julius Malema]] MP responded to the US President directly, declaring "there is no white genocide in South Africa",<ref>{{cite news|title=Donald Trump's land seizures tweet draws angry reaction in South Africa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/23/trump-orders-close-study-of-south-africa-farmer-killings |work=[[The Guardian]]|date=August 23, 2018}}</ref> that US President's intervention into their ongoing [[Land reform in South Africa|land reform issues]] "only made them more determined ... to expropriate our land without compensation",<ref name="bbc malema">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45282088 |title=South Africa rejects Donald Trump's tweet on farmer killings |date=23 August 2018 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/dangerous-and-poisoned-critics-blast-trump-for-endorsing-white-nationalist-conspiracy-theory-on-south-africa/2018/08/23/6c3b160e-a6df-11e8-a656-943eefab5daf_story.html |title='Dangerous and poisoned': Critics blast Trump for endorsing white nationalist conspiracy theory on South Africa |date=23 August 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> and that there is a [[black genocide]] in the U.S.<ref name="bbc malema" /> [[Jeremy Cronin]] MP stated that the South African government needed to "send a signal to the courts‚ to Trump‚ to [[Fox News]] Agency" over the issue,<ref name="TimesLive" /> whereas [[Lindiwe Sisulu]] claimed that his foreign policy tweet was "regrettable" and "based on false information".<ref name="False claims" /> |
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Hundreds of Polish [[Facebook]] groups such as "Stop White Genocide" have produced and disseminated images depicting African and Middle eastern people as belonging to separate "primitive" species, lacking the human intelligence of White Europeans. Websites such as "Conspiracy Files" have fabricated allegations of political compacts to bolster nonwhite immigration against popular will, such as agreements signed by EU leaders and African nations to increase Europe's African population to 300 million by 2068, making native Whites, "minorities within their own homeland".<ref name="GastonS" /> |
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In the U.S., former [[United States Ambassador to South Africa|US Ambassador]] to South Africa [[Patrick Gaspard]], and American media personalities [[Chris Cuomo]] and [[Al Sharpton]] spoke out against the US President on the issue. Gaspard labelled Trump's actions as "dangerous and poisoned",<ref name="WP1" /> while Cuomo stated that Trump was bogusly claiming "white farmers" were "being hunted down and killed and having their land stolen".<ref name="BI">{{cite web|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/kellyanne-conway-and-chris-cuomo-interview-cnn-2018-8 |title=Kellyanne Conway and Chris Cuomo squeezed a week's worth of news into one wild 30-minute debate on CNN |date=24 August 2018 |work=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> |
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=== Russia === |
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==Expressions beyond the United States== |
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===France=== |
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{{See also|The Great Replacement conspiracy theory|The Camp of the Saints}} |
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Figures on the right of French politics, such as [[Renaud Camus]], have claimed that a 'white genocide' or "Great Replacement" is occurring in France.<ref>Eirikur Bergmann: "Conspiracy & Populism: The Politics of Misinformation", 2018, Chapter: The Eurabia Doctrine, Page: 127.</ref> Camus's definition, which focuses largely on the white Christian population in France, has been used in media interchangably with white genocide,<ref>{{cite news|title=The Enoch Powell Question |url=https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/the-enoch-powell-question/ |publisher=''[[The American Conservative]]'' |date=March 8, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Day trope" /> and described as a narrower, less extreme and more nationally focused version of the broader conspiracy theory.<ref name="Overland" /><ref name="New face" /> Despite his focus on the specific [[demographics of France]], Camus also believes all Western countries are facing a form of "ethnic and civilizational substitution".<ref>{{cite news|title=The French Origins of "You Will Not Replace Us" |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/12/04/the-french-origins-of-you-will-not-replace-us |publisher=''[[The New Yorker]]'' |date=December 4, 2017}}</ref> |
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Much of the theory that South African whites are faced with the threat of "genocide" originates with internet rumors started by the government of Russia. Vesti, a television channel owned by the Russian government, aired a segment in the summer of 2018 about Afrikaner farmers wanting to immigrate to Russia as "brothers in faith". The present government in Russia led by Vladimir Putin often attacks the ideology of liberalism for putting the individual before the collective, and promotes "white genocide" stories both as a way of showing the failure of liberalism and to promote the thesis that group identities matter far more than individual identities. The ideology of the Russian state is that the interests of the collective take precedence over the individual, and evidence of alleged failures of liberalism abroad are extensively covered by the Russian media.<ref name="smh"/> The Australian historian Mark Edele stated:"There is definitely an attempt [by Russia] to support alt-right views and extreme right organisations outside of Russia ... Russia supports groups that will undermine liberal views. That's the logic of sponsorship of alt-right groups by Russia ... There is a longstanding anxiety among Russia's nationalists that Russians are dying out because of falling birth rates compared to non-Slavic peoples. It reverberates with white genocide fears." The Canadian alt-right personality [[Lauren Southern]] had a sympathetic interview with the Russian Eurasianist thinker [[Aleksandr Dugin]], who told her "liberalism denies the existence of any collective identities" and that "liberalism is based on the absence of any form of collective identity". Dugin used the case of white South African farmers allegedly threatened with genocide as proof of the failure of liberalism, for putting the individual ahead of the collective. After the end of apartheid in 1994, South Africa was presented as the "rainbow nation" where henceforward people, regardless of their skin color, would be judged only as individuals. From the viewpoint of the Russian state, presenting liberalism in South Africa as a blood-soaked disaster is a way of discrediting liberalism in general.<ref name="smh"/> |
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===South Africa=== |
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{{Expand section|date=October 2018}} |
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=== South Africa === |
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[[File:Steve Hofmyer crop.jpg|thumb|Steve Hofmeyr]] |
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{{See also|South African farm attacks|Land reform in South Africa}} |
{{See also|South African farm attacks|Land reform in South Africa}} |
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[[Far-right]] and [[alt-right]] figures, such as singer [[Steve Hofmeyr]], have claimed that a "white genocide" is taking place in [[South Africa]].<ref name=villet>{{cite news|last1=Villet|first1=Charles|title=Donald Trump, white victimhood and the South African far-right|url=http://theconversation.com/donald-trump-white-victimhood-and-the-south-african-far-right-73400|accessdate=24 March 2018|work=The Conversation|date=23 February 2017}}</ref> The manifesto of far-right terrorist [[Anders Behring Breivik]] entitled ''2083: A European Declaration of Independence'' devotes an entire section to an alleged "genocide" against [[Afrikaners]]. It also contains several other references to alleged persecution of whites in South Africa and the [[South African farm attacks|attacks on white farmers]].<ref name=villet/> [[Mike Cernovich]], an American alt-right commentator, has previously stated that "white genocide in South Africa is real."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/opinion/trumps-alt-right-coming-to-sa-7803189|title=Trump's Alt-Right coming to SA – IOL News}}</ref> The [[survivalist]] group the [[Suidlanders]] has claimed credit for publicizing the issue internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/sa-conservative-group-takes-credit-for-increased-white-genocide-awareness-20180323|title=SA conservative group takes credit for increased 'white genocide' awareness|publisher=News24}}</ref> |
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[[Far-right]] and [[alt-right]] figures, such as singer [[Steve Hofmeyr]], have claimed that a "white genocide" is taking place in [[South Africa]].<ref name="villet">{{cite news|last1=Villet|first1=Charles|title=Donald Trump, white victimhood and the South African far-right|url=http://theconversation.com/donald-trump-white-victimhood-and-the-south-african-far-right-73400|accessdate=24 March 2018|work=The Conversation|date=23 February 2017}}</ref> The South African singer, songwriter, political activist, actor and TV presenter supports and promotes the conspiracy theory.<ref name="Overland" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Getting the facts straight: A fact-checking website in Africa hopes to stem the flow of misinformation |url=https://www.economist.com/baobab/2013/07/03/getting-the-facts-straight |publisher=''[[The Economist]]'' |date=July 3, 2013}}</ref><ref name="myth">{{cite news|title=The dangerous myth of 'white genocide' in South Africa |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/08/23/dangerous-myth-white-genocide-south-africa |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |date=August 23, 2018}}</ref> ''[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]'' has credited Hofmeyr with popularizing the concept.<ref name="villet" /> In January 2017, media reported that Hofmeyr was set to meet US President-elect [[Donald Trump]] to discuss "white genocide" in South Africa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Funds raised for Hofmeyr to meet with Trump over ‘white genocide’ |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1398923/funds-raised-for-hofmeyr-to-meet-with-trump-over-white-genocide/ |publisher=''[[The Citizen (South Africa)]]'' |date=January 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hofmeyr could meet Trump to discuss 'white genocide in SA' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/world/hofmeyr-could-meet-trump-to-discuss-white-genocide-in-sa-7440941 |publisher=[[Independent Online (South Africa)]] |date=January 18, 2017}}</ref> |
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Much of the white genocide claims in South Africa rest on a misrepresentation of the Afrikaner people as conforming to the popular ''Boer'' stereotype as hard-working, devoutly Calvinist, gun-loving farmers. In 1989, the British journalist Patrick Brogan noted that the Afrikaners once called themselves ''Boers'' (farmers) because that was what they were, but the term ''Boer'' fell out of use in the 20th century as most of the Afrikaners moved to urban areas, making the term ''Boer'' highly anachronistic.<ref name="Brogan, Patrick p.87">Brogan, Patrick ''The Fighting Never Stopped'', New York: Vintage Books, 1989 p. 87</ref> Brogan concluded the popular ''Boer'' stereotype does not accurately describe the majority of the Afrikaners, whose way of life is very similar to that of middle class people in other Western nations.<ref name="Brogan, Patrick p.87"/> |
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The manifesto of far-right terrorist [[Anders Behring Breivik]] entitled ''2083: A European Declaration of Independence'' devotes an entire section to an alleged "genocide" against [[Afrikaners]]. It also contains several other references to alleged persecution of whites in South Africa and the [[South African farm attacks|attacks on white farmers]].<ref name=villet/> [[Mike Cernovich]], an American alt-right commentator, has previously stated that "white genocide in South Africa is real".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/opinion/trumps-alt-right-coming-to-sa-7803189|title=Trump's Alt-Right coming to SA – IOL News}}</ref> The [[survivalist]] group the [[Suidlanders]] has claimed credit for publicizing the issue internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/sa-conservative-group-takes-credit-for-increased-white-genocide-awareness-20180323|title=SA conservative group takes credit for increased 'white genocide' awareness|publisher=News24}}</ref> |
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[[Gregory Stanton]] of Genocide Watch has condemned the misuse of his groups' reports of the threat of polarization in South Africa to further the idea of "white genocide".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://genocidewatch.net/2015/08/19/white-genocide-is-not-underway-in-south-africa|title="White Genocide" is Not Underway in South Africa|website=genocidewatch.net|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-05}}</ref> |
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[[Africa Check]], a [[fact-checking]] organisation, has rejected these claims as false: "In fact, whites are less likely to be murdered than any other race group." Africa Check reported that while whites account for nearly 9% of the South African population they represent just 1.8% of murder victims. Lizette Lancaster from the [[Institute for Security Studies]] has said that "Whites are far less likely to be murdered than their black or coloured counterparts."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://africacheck.org/reports/are-white-afrikaners-really-being-killed-like-flies/|title=Are SA whites really being killed 'like flies'? Why Steve Hofmeyr is wrong}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/no-genocide-risk-in-sa-2070108|title=No genocide risk in SA {{!}} Daily News|access-date=2018-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://africacheck.org/2016/09/15/analysis-genocide-watch-thin-transparency-methodology|title=Genocide Watch thin on transparency and methodology – Africa Check|date=2016-09-15|work=Africa Check|access-date=2018-09-05}}</ref> British journalist Joe Walsh reported that the murder rates in the mainly white suburbs of [[Johannesburg]] were far lower than in the black townships of Johannesburg, leading him to conclude: |
[[Africa Check]], a [[fact-checking]] organisation, has rejected these claims as false: "In fact, whites are less likely to be murdered than any other race group." Africa Check reported that while whites account for nearly 9% of the South African population they represent just 1.8% of murder victims. Lizette Lancaster from the [[Institute for Security Studies]] has said that "Whites are far less likely to be murdered than their black or coloured counterparts."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://africacheck.org/reports/are-white-afrikaners-really-being-killed-like-flies/|title=Are SA whites really being killed 'like flies'? Why Steve Hofmeyr is wrong}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/no-genocide-risk-in-sa-2070108|title=No genocide risk in SA {{!}} Daily News|access-date=2018-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://africacheck.org/2016/09/15/analysis-genocide-watch-thin-transparency-methodology|title=Genocide Watch thin on transparency and methodology – Africa Check|date=2016-09-15|work=Africa Check|access-date=2018-09-05}}</ref> British journalist Joe Walsh reported that the murder rates in the mainly white suburbs of [[Johannesburg]] were far lower than in the black townships of Johannesburg, leading him to conclude: "If there was any kind of genocide being carried out against white people in the country then the safest areas of the continent's most dangerous city would not be predominately white."<ref name="Vox explained" /> |
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South African journalist Lynsey Chutel reported: "After a peak in 2001/2002, the number of farm attacks—rape, robbery and other forms of violent crime short of murder—has decreased to about half. Similarly, the number of murders on farms peaked in 1997/1998 at 153, but today that number is below 50 |
South African journalist Lynsey Chutel reported: "After a peak in 2001/2002, the number of farm attacks—rape, robbery and other forms of violent crime short of murder—has decreased to about half. Similarly, the number of murders on farms peaked in 1997/1998 at 153, but today that number is below 50."<ref name="Vox explained"/> Chutel stated that although some of the murders of white farmers may indeed be racially motivated, it should be noted that South Africa is a country with a high violent crime rate and white farmers are "isolated and believed to be wealthy".<ref name="Vox explained" /> In the period July 2017 to July 2018, 47 farmers of all races were killed in South Africa, down from 66 murdered between July 2016 and July 2017.<ref name="False claims">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/23/world/africa/trump-south-africa-white-farmers.html|title=Trump Cites False Claims of Widespread Attacks on White Farmers in South Africa|date=2018-08-23|work=New York Times|last1=de Greef|first2=Kimon|last2=Karaza|first1=Palko|access-date=2018-09-05}}</ref> The worst year for farm murders in South Africa was 1998, when 153 farmers were killed. Between April 2016 and March 2017, there were a total of 19,016 murders in South Africa, suggesting that farmers are not especially likely to be killed in South Africa.<ref name="False claims"/> [[Gregory Stanton]] of Genocide Watch has condemned the misuse of his groups' reports of the threat of polarization in South Africa to further the idea of "white genocide".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://genocidewatch.net/2015/08/19/white-genocide-is-not-underway-in-south-africa|title="White Genocide" is Not Underway in South Africa|website=genocidewatch.net|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-05}}</ref> |
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Much of the white genocide claims in South Africa rest on a misrepresentation of the Afrikaner people as conforming to the popular ''Boer'' stereotype as hard-working, devoutly Calvinist, gun-loving farmers. In 1989, the British journalist Patrick Brogan noted that the Afrikaners once called themselves ''Boers'' (farmers) because that was what they were, but the term ''Boer'' fell out of use in the 20th century as most of the Afrikaners moved to urban areas, making the term ''Boer'' highly anachronistic.<ref name="Brogan, Patrick p.87">Brogan, Patrick ''The Fighting Never Stopped'', New York: Vintage Books, 1989 p. 87</ref> Brogan concluded the popular ''Boer'' stereotype does not accurately describe the majority of the Afrikaners, whose way of life is very similar to that of middle class people in other Western nations.<ref name="Brogan, Patrick p.87"/> |
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==Criticism== |
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Even mainstream American conservatives who often championed the causes of Rhodesia and apartheid South Africa, seeing both regimes as having supposedly more enlightened policies towards black people than the policy of integration in the United States, embraced the variants of the white genocide theory as part of the defense of Rhodesia and South Africa.<ref name="auto2" /> In 2015, the Canadian journalist Jeet Heer wrote: "The idea that whites in America have a natural affinity with white colonialists in Africa did not spring from the neo-Nazi far-right, but rather the conservative movement that coalesced around ''[[National Review]]'' in the 1950s."<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/122140/dylann-roofs-defense-apartheid-africa-has-roots-us-conservatism|last=Heer|first=Jeet||title=Dylann Roof's Defense of White Rule in Africa Has Roots in American Conservatism|date=24 June 2015|work=The New Republic|access-date=2018-12-09}}</ref> In 1957, the American journalist [[William F. Buckley]] wrote in ''The National Review'' in defense of white supremacy around the world: "The question, as far as the White community is concerned, is whether the claims of civilization supersede those of universal suffrage. The British believe they do, and acted accordingly, in Kenya, where the choice was dramatically one between civilization and barbarism, and elsewhere; the South, where the conflict is by no means dramatic, as in Kenya, nevertheless perceives important qualitative differences between its culture and the Negroes’, and intends to assert its own."<ref name="auto2"/> The "choice" that Britain faced "between civilization and barbarism" in Kenya that Buckley was referring to was the [[Kenya Emergency]] where the Kikuyu Land and Freedom Army, better known as the Mau Mau, fought for independence, and in the process the British security forces killed approximately 10,000-20,000 Kikuyu to put down the rebellion. The Mau Mau were depicted in the 1950s as savages who killed white British settlers, which justified British atrocities against the Kikuyu, and by linking the U.S. civil rights movement with the Mau Mau, Buckley was suggesting that civil rights for African-Americans would led to atrocities against white Americans.<ref name="auto2"/> |
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Widespread advances in the growth and potential of automation along with workers living healthier into their old age both suggest that countries do not need booming populations to maintain economic growth and vitality. Declining populations place less stress on scarce resources and result in less pollution including greenhouse gas emission. Larger numbers of dependents take away resources from families, regions, and societies, which can instead be devoted to more productive uses increasing the quality of life per capita.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Nicola |title=Falling total fertility rate should be welcomed, population expert says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/26/falling-total-fertility-rate-should-be-welcomed-population-expert-says |accessdate=16 March 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=26 December 2018}}</ref> |
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Heer wrote that Buckley's equation of whiteness with "civilization" and blackness with "barbarism" led him to support racist regimes in both South Africa and Rhodesia, to paint the possibility of majority rule in both places in the darkest of colors, and his writings on the subject from the 1950s to the 1990s show a strong emotional identification with the whites of Rhodesia and South Africa.<ref name="auto2"/> Buckley and other American conservatives consistently portrayed apartheid era South Africa in a favorable light, and warned that majority rule would cause a disaster for whites.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite news|url=http://prospect.org/article/apologists-without-remorse|last=Heilbrunn|first=Jacob||title=Apologists Without Remorse|date=January–February 1998|work=The American Prospect |access-date=2018-12-09}}</ref> On 23 April 1960 in the aftermath of the Sharpville massacre of March 1960, ''The National Review'' ran an editorial stating "the whites are entitled, we believe, to pre-eminence in South Africa."<ref name="auto3"/> [[Russell Kirk]] in a column in ''The National Review'' on 9 March 1965 warned that letting African-Americans vote in the United States "will work mischief—much injuring, rather than fulfilling, the responsible democracy for which Tocqueville hoped," but in the case of South Africa "this degradation of the democratic dogma, if applied, would bring anarchy and the collapse of civilization."<ref name="auto3"/> Kirk stated apartheid was just because South African whites were racially superior and "Bantu political domination would be domination by witch doctors (still numerous and powerful) and reckless demagogues."<ref name="auto3"/> On 13 April 1979, Buckley in a column gave an account of South African history very sympathetic to Afrikaner nationalists, suggesting that their concerns about black rule were rational and "their fears are understandable."<ref name="auto3"/> In an editorial on 14 March 1986, ''The National Review'' asked "To what extent, is the vast majority of South African blacks intellectually and practically prepared to assume the social, economic, and political leadership in a highly industrialized country?"<ref name="auto3"/> In the July 1988 edition of ''Commentary'', David Roberts, Jr compared Nelson Mandela to Pol Pot and the African National Congress to the Khmer Rouge, implying that the ANC would exterminate South African whites if it came to power.<ref name="auto3"/> Shortly before his death in 2005 [[Samuel T. Francis]], the former editor of the conservative ''[[Washington Times]]'', warned about the possibility of a "white genocide" in South Africa.<ref name="auto2" /> |
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Critics of the conspiracy theory include:<!-- in alphabetical order --> |
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Simon Roche, an Afrikaner nationalist from South Africa and a spokesman for the survivialist group, the [[Suidlanders]], that exists in his words "to prepare a Protestant Christian South African Minority for a coming violent revolution," visited the United States in 2017 to promote the thesis that the white minority in South Africa is faced with the threat of genocide.<ref name="far-right idea" /> Roche stated he went to the United States to "raise awareness of and support for the Caucasian Christian conservative ''volk'' of South Africa ... There's a natural affinity with conservative white Americans."<ref name="auto1"/> Another South African proponent of the genocide theory, Willem Petzer, appeared on a guest on [[Gavin McInnes]]'s podcast, accusing African National Congress government in South Africa of planning genocide.<ref name="far-right idea"/> Another Afrikaner group, AfriForum, had its chief executive Kallie Kriel and deputy executive Ernst Roets, visit the United States in May 2018 seeking support from the Trump administration.<ref name="auto1"/> Roets met with U.S. National Security Adviser, John Bolton, and according to him gave him a copy of his book, ''Kill the Boar'', which claims the ANC government is behind the murders of Afrikaner farmers.<ref name="auto1"/> |
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=== South Africa === |
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* [[Jeremy Cronin]], a South African writer, politician, member of the [[South African Communist Party]] and current Deputy [[Minister of Public Works (South Africa)|Minister of Public Works]], has spoken against the conspiracy theory. In a committee meeting in the [[South African parliament]], he indicated that land expropriation without compensation should not be viewed as a white genocide.<ref name="TimesLive">{{cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-08-28-expropriation-bill-to-be-redrafted-to-accommodate-expropriation-without-compensation/ |title=Expropriation Bill to be redrafted to accommodate expropriation without compensation |date=28 August 2018 |publisher=''[[The Times (South Africa)]]''}}</ref> |
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=== United Kingdom === |
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* [[David Mabuza]], a South African politician and [[Deputy President of South Africa]], has spoken in opposition to the conspiracy theory, calling it "far from the truth". He stated that "we would like to discourage those who are using this sensitive and emotive issue of land to divide us as South Africans by distorting our [[Land reform in South Africa|land reform measures]] to the international community and spreading falsehoods that our ‘[[White South Africans#Post-apartheid era|white farmers]]’ are facing the onslaught from their own government".<ref name="WP1"/> |
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[[File:Anne Maria Waters.jpg|thumb|Anne Marie Waters]] |
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* [[Lindiwe Sisulu]], a South African politician, [[22nd South African Parliament|member of parliament]], and Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, has spoken out against the conspiracy theory, saying "it is a [[right-wing]] ideology, and it is very unfortunate."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/27/africa/south-africa-trump-tweet-land-reform-intl/index.html |title=South Africa's top diplomat slams Trump tweet as 'right-wing ideology' |date=27 August 2018 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Speaking of President Trump's promotion of the topic, she claimed his foreign policy tweet was "regrettable" and "based on false information".<ref name="False claims">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/23/world/africa/trump-south-africa-white-farmers.html |title=Trump Cites False Claims of Widespread Attacks on White Farmers in South Africa |date=23 August 2018 |publisher=''[[New York Times]]''}}</ref> |
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In 2015, the anti-Islamic [[For Britain Movement|For Britain]] party founder and leader [[Anne Marie Waters]] described White genocide as "part of a broad-ranging, virulent, and vicious hatred of white Western people".<ref name="GastonS" /> In the same ''[[Breitbart News]]'' article, she said European leaders sought to extinguish Western culture.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Waters |first1=Anne-Marie |title=Europe's Rape Epidemic: Western Women Will Be Sacrificed at the Altar of Mass Migration |work=breitbart.com |agency=Breitbart News |date=6 October 2015}}</ref> |
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A few weeks before the 2016 [[Brexit]] referendum, an unemployed gardener [[Murder of Jo Cox|murdered]] Member of Parliament [[Jo Cox]] because of her support of the European Union and work in support of immigrants, saying she was part of a left-wing conspiracy perpetuated by the mainstream media and a traitor to the White race.<ref name="GastonS" /> A March 2016 survey ahead of the referendum found 41% of Britons thought their government was concealing the true number of immigrants.<ref name="GastonS" /> |
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[[Katie Hopkins]], an English media personality, has made a documentary supporting the conspiracy theory of an ongoing genocide against white farmers in South Africa.<ref name="preppers">{{cite news|title=The Race War Preppers Behind South Africa's 'White Genocide' Meme |url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/qvn44v/the-race-war-preppers-behind-south-africas-white-genocide-meme |publisher=''[[Vice Media]]'' |date=May 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=No, Katie Hopkins, there is no white genocide in South Africa |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/world/africa/2018/05/no-katie-hopkins-there-no-white-genocide-south-africa |publisher=''[[New Statesman]]'' |date=May 22, 2018}}</ref> She has also promoted the idea that both immigration and [[multiculturalism]] are intended to cause white genocide.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Rebel Media-branded retirement savings fund is not happening |url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/the-rebel-media-branded-retirement-savings-fund-is-not-happening/ |publisher=''[[Maclean's]]'' |date=July 24, 2018}}</ref> ''Yahoo! News'' reported that while traveling for the documentary, "her intention was to 'expose' the white genocide" happening to farmers in South Africa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Katie Hopkins allegedly detained at Johannesburg airport for 'spreading racial hatred' |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/katie-hopkins-allegedly-detained-johannesburg-airport-spreading-racial-hatred-143248388.html |publisher=''[[Yahoo News]]'' |date=February 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Katie Hopkins has been allowed to leave South Africa after being 'detained' |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/katie-hopkins-allowed-leave-south-africa-detained-130143584.html |publisher=''[[Yahoo News]]'' |date=February 7, 2018}}</ref> |
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=== United States === |
=== United States === |
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* [[Don Black (white supremacist)#Family|Derek Black]], an American former white supremacist and godson of [[David Duke]], after initially supporting and helping to popularize the concept,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/the-white-flight-of-derek-black/2016/10/15/ed5f906a-8f3b-11e6-a6a3-d50061aa9fae_story.html |title=The white flight of Derek Black |date=15 October 2016 |publisher=''[[The Washington Post]]''}}</ref><ref name="NEA">{{cite news|title=How Higher Education Helped Derek Black Renounce White Supremacy |url=http://neatoday.org/2018/09/19/how-higher-education-helped-derek-black-renounce-white-supremacy/ |publisher=''[[NEA Today]]'' |date=September 19, 2018}}</ref> has renounced and opposed the white genocide conspiracy theory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/arts/books/2018/09/18/derek-blackwas-scion-racism-renounced-rising-hatred-tells-story |title=Derek Black was the scion of racism — then renounced it; 'Rising Out of Hatred' tells his story |date=17 September 2018 |publisher=''[[The Dallas Morning News]]''}}</ref> Black has claimed that the concept was about pushing [[white nationalists]] into a false and overt [[paranoia]] about [[demographics of the United States]].<ref name="dangerous escalation" /> |
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* [[Mika Brzezinski]], an American [[newscaster]], author and co-host of ''[[Morning Joe]]'', has spoken out against the concept,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2ewxSvrJMM |title=President Donald Trump Tweets About South Africa; South Africa Responds |date=23 August 2018 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> labelling it as a "a racist conspiracy theory".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rawstory.com/2018/08/south-africa-tweets-show-morally-debased-trump-will-anything-change-subject-cohen-msnbc-panelist/ |title=South Africa tweets show 'morally debased' Trump 'will do anything' to change the subject from Cohen: MSNBC panelist |date=15 October 2016 |publisher=''[[Raw Story]]''}}</ref> |
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* [[George Ciccariello-Maher]], an American political scientist and former associate professor of [[politics]] and [[global studies]] at [[Drexel University]], has strongly opposed the conspiracy theory, claiming that it is "invented by white supremacists and used to denounce everything from [[inter-racial relationships]] to multicultural policies".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/history-professor-twitter-storm-white-genocide-death-threats-george-ciccariello-maher-a7497301.html |title='All I want for Christmas is white genocide': Professor receives death threats after mocking supremacists |date=27 December 2016 |publisher=''[[The Independent]]''}}</ref> Ciccariello-Maher has labelled the concept as a "figment of the racist imagination" and claimed that "it should be mocked".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://time.com/4618146/drexel-professor-white-genocide-tweet/ |title=A Drexel Professor Tweeted That He Wants 'White Genocide' for Christmas |date=26 December 2016 |publisher=''[[TIME]]''}}</ref> |
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* [[Chris Cuomo]], an American television journalist, has spoken in opposition to the concept. While stating that "like all conspiracy tripe, there's a kernel of truth" to the theory, in relation to [[land reform in South Africa]], he generally describes the conspiracy theory as a "bogus cause that white nationalists are selling".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/politics/2018/08/24/trump-south-africa-scrutiny-cuomo-cpt-sot-vp.cnn|title=Cuomo offers Trump tips to avoid scrutiny |date=24 August 2018|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="BI"/> |
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* [[Patrick Gaspard]], a Congolese-American politician and former [[United States Ambassador to South Africa|U.S. Ambassador to South Africa]], has opposed the concept, claiming the conspiracy theory is "trafficking in a [[white supremacist]] story line",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/23/us/politics/trump-south-africa-land.html |title=Trump's South Africa Tweet Seems to Embrace Racist Narrative on Land Dispute |date=23 August 2018 |publisher=''[[New York Times]]''}}</ref> and that it is a "white-supremacist [[Alt-right#Use of memes|meme]] from the darkest place".<ref name="WP1" /> |
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* [[Eli Saslow]], an American journalist, has spoken against the conspiracy theory, labelling it as a "really effective" form of propaganda or indoctrination. He stated that "unfortunately, in part because it's built upon a very real and dark truth in [[American history]] — which is that [[white supremacy]] has always been a big part of what this country is — white nationalists were able to start capitalizing on that".<ref>{{cite news|title=The White Nationalist Heir Who Rejected His Dad's Vile Bigotry |url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/yw4dkb/the-white-nationalist-heir-who-rejected-his-dads-vile-bigotry |publisher=[[Vice Media]] |date=September 18, 2018}}</ref> Saslow has claimed the conspiracy theory is a way to "sanitize" [[white America]]'s history of racism and violence, by focusing on the "ways that white people are under attack in this country", including "white genocide" and "[[Executive Order 13767|building a wall]]".<ref name="NEA" /> |
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* [[Al Sharpton]], an American civil rights activist, [[Baptists|Baptist]] minister and [[Talk radio|talk show]] host, has opposed the conspiracy theory, labelling it as "[[neo-Nazi]] propaganda". Discussing the issue on an [[MSNBC]] segment with [[Katy Tur]] and foreign correspondent [[Greg Myre]], he stated that it's "not true" that "white farmers are being killed in South Africa" for racial reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msnbc.com/katy-tur/watch/behind-the-president-s-south-africa-tweet-that-has-gained-praise-from-white-supremacists-1305188419950 |title=Behind the President's South Africa tweet that has gained praise from white supremacists |date=23 August 2018 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/tucker-carlson-defends-south-africa-land-seizure-segment-after-orwellian-backlash/ |title=Tucker Carlson Defends South Africa Land Seizure Segment After 'Orwellian' Backlash |date=23 August 2018 |publisher=''[[TheWrap]]''}}</ref> |
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* [[Tim Wise]], an American [[anti-racism]] activist and writer, has spoken out against the conspiracy theory, stating that it is a form of [[negrophobia]] that is being directed politically to "scare [[white Americans]]" about non-whites within the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/lifestyle/relationships/tim-wise-trump-tweet-about-south-africa-directed-at-white-americans/vi-BBMqGEZ |title=Tim Wise: Trump tweet about South Africa directed at white Americans |date=25 August 2018 |publisher=[[MSN]]}}</ref> Wise has claimed that paranoia around the concept dates back to the [[Haitian Revolution]] and North American [[Slave rebellion#North America|slave rebellions]], but that changing demographics of the United States have heightened existing anxiety, stating that "the reason it is amplified today is that in the recent past the cultural norm of the country was still dominantly white".<ref>{{cite news|title=Author and activist Tim Wise: "The Republican Party is a white identity cult" |url=https://www.salon.com/2018/09/05/author-and-activist-tim-wise-the-republican-party-is-a-white-identity-cult/ |publisher=''[[Salon (magazine)]]'' |date=September 5, 2018}}</ref> |
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Starting with the [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016 US presidential election]], there have been allegations that aspects of the conspiracy theory have been adopted as [[Dog-whistle politics|dog-whistling]] by some mainstream conservative political figures. In 2016, [[Donald Trump]] garnered controversy after retweeting [[Twitter]] user @WhiteGenocideTM,<ref>{{cite news|last1=CNN|first1=[[Tal Kopan]]|title=Donald Trump retweets 'White Genocide' Twitter user|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/01/22/politics/donald-trump-retweet-white-genocide/|accessdate=March 15, 2017|work=CNN|date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> and @EustaceFash, whose Twitter header image at the time also included the term "white genocide."<ref name="Fortune">{{cite news|last1=Kharakh|first1=Ben|last2=Primack|first2=Dan|title=Donald Trump's Social Media Ties to White Supremacists|url=http://fortune.com/donald-trump-white-supremacist-genocide/|accessdate=March 15, 2017|work=Fortune|date=March 22, 2016}}</ref> A 2016 analysis of his Twitter [[Web feed|feed]] during the [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016|Republican presidential primaries]] showed that 62% of those that he chose to [[retweet]] in an average week [[Friending and following|followed]] multiple accounts which discussed the conspiracy theory, and 21% followed prominent white nationalists online.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Staufenberg|first1=Jess|title=Turns out Donald Trump 'mostly' retweets white supremacist sympathizers|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trumps-re-tweets-are-mostly-of-white-supremacist-sympathisers-a6838521.html|accessdate=March 15, 2017|work=The Independent|date=January 28, 2016}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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While Donald Trump supporters on the [[Reddit]] discussion forum [[/r/The_Donald]] generally agree that white genocide is occurring, they disagree about the responsible parties. "Tea Party conservatives characterize it as a scheme by Democrats to gain voters. For the white nationalists, the main villain is 'international Jewry.' Infowars fans blame 'globalists' — a label that is often interchangeable with 'Jews' — seeking to dumb down Western populations with 'low-IQ migrants' who are more easily controlled." By August 2017, at least 330 /r/The_Donald posts referred to the "Kalergi plan," a purported conspiracy to replace the European population with African migrants.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ward |first1=Justin |title=Day of the trope: White nationalist memes thrive on Reddit's r/The_Donald |journal=Hatewatch |date=April 19, 2018 |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/04/19/day-trope-white-nationalist-memes-thrive-reddits-rthedonald |accessdate=24 March 2019 |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center}}</ref> |
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Iowa congressman [[Steve King]] has used rhetoric that ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'' and ''[[Paste Magazine]]'' writers described as invoking the conspiracy theory, saying that "We can't restore our civilization with somebody else's babies" and using the phrase "cultural suicide".<ref> |
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* {{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Steve King's district was built by "somebody else's babies"|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/03/steve-kings-iowa-immigrants/|newspaper=Mother Jones}} |
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* {{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Steve King's White Nationalism is Echoed in the White House|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2017/03/steve-kings-white-nationalism-is-echoed-in-the-whi.html|newspaper=pastemagazine.com}}</ref> [[Vox (website)|Vox]] and [[The New Republic]] have described him as an adherent of the theory that immigration and other forms of population shift represent a slow genocide against white populations.<ref name="VoxIdeology" /><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Steve King says racist things because he knows the GOP won't call him out on it.|url=https://newrepublic.com/minutes/141310/steve-king-says-racist-things-knows-gop-wont-call-it|newspaper=The New Republic}}</ref> |
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[[Tucker Carlson]], an American conservative political commentator for [[Fox News]], has been described as playing a key role in bringing the conspiracy theory of an ongoing "white genocide" in South Africa into the mainstream after a piece about the topic on his show caught the attention of president [[Donald Trump]].<ref name="SalonCarlson" /><ref name="Carson Rebuttal" /><ref name="far-right idea" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2018/08/24/president-trump-is-pushing-white-nationalist-ideas-into-mainstream/|title=Perspective: President Trump is pushing white nationalist ideas into the mainstream|work=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=2018-09-04}}</ref> ''[[Vox Media|Vox]]'' described him as having "taken up the cause" of the "virulent, racist conspiracy theory" of white genocide.<ref name="Vox explained" /> Amanda Marcotte in ''[[Salon (website)|Salon]]'' has said that while he avoids using the specific phrase "white genocide," but that "its basic premise is embedded throughout his show."<ref name="SalonCarlson">{{cite web|last=Marcotte|first=Amanda|url=https://www.salon.com/2018/08/15/tucker-carlson-claims-theres-no-white-nationalism-his-shows-obsessive-racism-suggests-otherwise/ |title=Tucker Carlson claims there's no white nationalism. His show's obsessive racism suggests otherwise |date=15 August 2018 |work=[[Salon (website)|Salon]]}}</ref> The [[Southern Poverty Law Center|SPLC]] has accused his website, ''[[The Daily Caller]]'', of promoting the theory in relation to [[South African farm attacks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/08/16/daily-caller-has-white-nationalist-problem |title=The Daily Caller Has A White Nationalist Problem |date=16 August 2017 |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref><ref name="far-right idea" /> Carlson asserted he was shocked his statements could be considered an appeal to white nationalists, dismissing questions about his show's high support among them as "stupid" and saying he knew nothing about them.<ref name="Carson Rebuttal">{{Cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/tv/ct-fox-news-tucker-carlson-south-africa-20180824-story.html |title=Fox's Tucker Carlson stunned by reaction to stories on South Africa |last=Bauder |first=David |date=24 August 2018 |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref> |
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[[Mike Cernovich]], an American alt-right social media personality, writer, and conspiracy theorist, supports and promotes the conspiracy theory.<ref> |
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* {{cite news|title=Trump Jr. Wants 'Alt-right' Personality Mike Cernovich to Win Pulitzer |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/trump-jr-wants-mike-cernovich-to-win-pulitzer-1.5457714 |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=April 5, 2017}} |
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* {{cite news|title=Ohio treasurer and Senate candidate takes on Anti-Defamation League over far-right 'witch hunt' |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/ohio-treasurer-senate-candidate-takes-anti-defamation-league-far-right-witch-hunt-202509465.html |work=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=July 21, 2017}} |
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* {{cite news|title=How Twitter's Alt-Right Purge Fell Short |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/how-twitters-alt-right-purge-fell-short-196449/ |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> He has deleted several tweets referring to the concept, one stating that "diversity is a code word for white genocide".<ref> |
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* {{cite news|title=James Gunn Was Fired For Old Tweets Because Disney Listened To The 'Pizzagate' Guy |url=https://www.houstonpress.com/arts/should-james-gunn-have-been-fired-as-galaxy-director-10682469 |work=[[Houston Press]] |date=July 23, 2018}} |
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* {{cite news|title=Virginia gubernatorial candidate laughed about GOP 'cucks' on controversial conspiracy theorist's show |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/24/politics/kfile-virginia-governor-livestream-appearance/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=December 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="False claims" /> |
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[[Ann Coulter]], an American conservative social, writer and political commentator, has been described as a "champion" of the ideas behind the conspiracy theory following a book she wrote on the subject.<ref>{{cite news|title=Why Ann Coulter is dead wrong about immigration in America |url=https://www.dailydot.com/via/ann-coulter-immigration/ |work=[[The Daily Dot]] |date=May 28, 2015}}</ref> She has also claimed that "a genocide" is occurring against white South African farmers.<ref name="smh" /> She described non-white immigration to the United States as "white genocide" in a 2007 article called "Bush's America: Roach Motel."<ref> |
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* {{cite news|title=The far right's "Free Speech Week" at UC Berkeley, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/9/21/16333260/free-speech-week-uc-berkeley |work=[[Vox Media]] |date=September 21, 2017}} |
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* {{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Why Ann Coulter's Remarks Have Led to Accusations of Racism|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/top-most-racist-ann-coulter-quotes-2834520|newspaper=ThoughtCo}} |
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* {{cite blog|title=Bush's America: Roach Motel |url=http://www.anncoulter.com/columns/2007-06-06.html |publisher=[[anncoulter.com]] |date=June 6, 2007}}</ref> ''[[Vox Media|Vox]]'' has described Coulter as one of many providing a platform for "the 'white genocide' myth".<ref name="VoxIdeology">{{cite news|title=The scary ideology behind Trump's immigration instincts |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/18/16897358/racism-donald-trump-immigration |work=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> |
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[[File:David Duke.jpg|thumb|David Duke]] |
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[[David Duke]], an American white supremacist, former Republican [[Louisiana House of Representatives|Louisiana State Representative]] and Grand Wizard of the [[Ku Klux Klan|KKK]] has posted Youtube videos stating that Jews are "organizing white genocide."<ref> |
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* {{cite news|title=Google condemned by MPs after refusing to ban anti-Semitic YouTube video by ex-KKK leader |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/youtube-google-kkk-video-refuses-to-take-down-antisemitic-david-duke-a7629861.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=March 14, 2017}} |
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* {{cite news|title=Google said a video about Jewish people 'organizing white genocide' didn't infringe its guidelines |url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/google-said-a-david-duke-video-about-jewish-people-organising-white-genocide-wasnt-racist-2017-3 |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=March 15, 2017}} |
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* {{cite news|title=Why I, editor of the Jewish Chronicle, think anti-Semites should be allowed on YouTube |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/15/editor-jewish-chronicle-think-anti-semites-should-allowed-youtube/ |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=March 15, 2017}} |
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* {{cite news|title=Face-off between MPs and social media giants over online hate speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/mar/14/face-off-mps-and-social-media-giants-online-hate-speech-facebook-twitter |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=March 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Taxpayers are funding extremism |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/taxpayers-fund-extremism-csdn0npsf |work=[[The Times]] |date=March 17, 2017}}</ref> Duke has also accused [[Anthony Bourdain]] of wanting a genocide of white people.<ref> |
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* {{cite news|title=Anthony Bourdain Offers To 'Rearrange' Ex-KKK Leader David Duke's Extremities |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/anthony-bourdain-kkk-david-duke_us_58bee29fe4b0d8c45f46d6aa |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=March 7, 2017}} |
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* {{cite news|title=Anthony Bourdain offers to 'rearrange' David Duke's kneecaps |url=http://www.foxnews.com/food-drink/2017/03/03/anthony-bourdain-offers-to-rearrange-david-dukes-kneecaps.html |work=[[Fox News]] |date=March 3, 2017}}</ref> |
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[[Alex Jones]] has been described as instrumental in the American spread of conspiracy theories about white genocide in Africa.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Lloyd|last1=Gedye|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=White genocide: How the big lie spread to the US and beyond|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-03-23-00-radical-right-plugs-swart-gevaar|work=[[The M&G Online]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=Here's Twitter's position on Alex Jones (and hate-peddling anti-truthers) – hint: It's a fudge|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/08/07/heres-twitters-position-on-alex-jones-and-hate-peddling-anti-truthers-hint-its-a-fudge/|work=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> |
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[[Jason Kessler]], the primary organizer behind the [[Unite the Right rally]] and an American white nationalist blogger, has repeatedly promoted the conspiracy theory, using his website to criticize what he called "white genocide" and an "attack on white history".<ref> |
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* {{cite news |last1=Hawkins |first1=Derek |title=Jason Kessler, Charlottesville protest organizer, indicted on a charge of perjury |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/10/04/jason-kessler-charlottesville-protest-organizer-indicted-for-perjury/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 1, 2018 |date=October 4, 2017}} |
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* {{cite news|accessdate=2018-10-03|title=White nationalist sues Charlottesville to hold Unite the Right anniversary rally|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/03/07/white-nationalist-sues-charlottesville-hold-unite-right-anniversary-rally/403556002/|newspaper=[[USA Today]]}} |
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* {{cite web|url=https://www.refinery29.com/2018/08/207046/trump-charlotttesville-riot-unite-the-right-rally-anniversary-tweet/ |title=In Remarks For Charlottesville Anniversary, Trump Still Plays To Both Sides |date=11 August 2018 |work=[[Refinery29]]}}</ref> |
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[[Michael Savage]], an American radio host, author and conservative political commentator, has devoted an episode of his show to conspiracy theories about white genocide in Africa.<ref name="far-right idea" /> |
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[[Jack Posobiec]], a leading figure in the [[alt-right]] former U.S. [[naval intelligence]] officer, and Trump activist, has frequently tweeted about the concept.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trump Retweets Alt-Right Leader Who Has Praised White Supremacist Richard Spencer |url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-tweets-alt-right-leader-who-praised-white-supremacist-richard-spencer-650852 |work=[[Newsweek]] |date=August 15, 2017}}</ref> |
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[[Donald Trump Jr.]], an American businessman, executive director of [[the Trump Organization]] and the eldest child of U.S. President Donald Trump, has been accused by mainstream media of being an advocate of the conspiracy theory,<ref>{{cite news|title=Donald Trump Jr. Is His Father's Id |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/09/donald-trump-jr-is-his-fathers-id/500762/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=September 20, 2016}}</ref> or pretending to be an advocate for political gain,<ref>{{cite news|title=Donald Trump Jr. Emerges as 'Alt-Right' Hero Even as Dad Tones Down Rhetoric |url=https://forward.com/news/350364/donald-trump-jr-emerges-as-alt-right-hero-even-as-dad-tones-down-rhetoric/ |work=[[The Forward]] |date=September 20, 2016}}</ref> after his interview with white supremacist [[The Political Cesspool#James Edwards|James Edwards]] during the [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|2016 Trump presidential campaign]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Donald Trump Jr. sat down for interview with supremacist who once said 'interracial sex is white genocide' |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/world/donald-trump-jr-sat-down-for-interview-with-white-supremacist-who-once-said-interracial-sex-is-white-genocide |work=[[National Post]] |date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> |
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[[Pittsburgh synagogue shooting#Suspect|Robert Bowers]], sole suspect charged in the October 2018 [[Pittsburgh synagogue shooting]], stated, "They're committing genocide to my people", in a police complaint.<ref name="CNN2018-10-28">{{cite news |last1=Chavez |first1=Nicole |title=Pittsburgh synagogue gunman told SWAT he wanted all Jews to die, criminal complaint says |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/28/us/pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting/index.html |accessdate=October 30, 2018 |work=[[CNN]] |date=October 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/oct/30/pittsburgh-synagogue-shooter-was-fringe-figure-in-online-world-of-white-supremacist-rage|title=Pittsburgh shooter was fringe figure in online world of white supremacist rage|last=Beckett|first=Lois|date=2018-10-30|work=The Guardian|access-date=2018-12-06|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On his [[Gab (social network)|Gab]] account (a favored social network for white nationalists) he wrote, "Daily Reminder: Diversity means chasing down the last white person" and "[[HIAS]] likes to bring invaders that kill our people. I can't sit by and watch my people get slaughtered. Screw your optics, I'm going in."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Renshaw |first1=Jarrett |title=Who is Robert Bowers, the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting suspect? |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pennsylvania-shooting-suspect/who-is-robert-bowers-the-pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting-suspect-idUSKCN1N10S6 |accessdate=October 30, 2018 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=October 27, 2018}}</ref> |
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On August 23, 2018, US President [[Donald Trump]] brought the concept of "white genocide" in relation to [[South Africa]] significantly further into mainstream media discourse, after he publicly instructed Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] to investigate [[South African farm attacks]],<ref name="The Washington Post" /> an instruction which was broadly portrayed in media as the Trump and his administration advocating for an unfounded conspiracy theory.<ref name="NBC" /><ref> |
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* {{cite news|title=ADL blasts Trump for tweeting a white nationalist talking point |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/adl-blasts-trump-for-tweeting-a-white-nationalist-talking-point/ |work=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=August 23, 2018}} |
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* {{cite news|title=White Nationalists Praise Donald Trump for Spreading White South African Farmers Conspiracy Theory |url=https://www.newsweek.com/white-nationalists-trump-south-african-farmers-1087549 |work=[[Newsweek]]|date=August 23, 2018}} |
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* {{cite news|title=Trump Is Using a White Nationalist Conspiracy Theory to Inform Policy |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/trump-south-africa-714744/ |work=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=August 23, 2018}}</ref> Trump had apparently gotten his information from a [[Tucker Carlson]] segment on [[Fox News]].<ref name="HuffPost">{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/trump-white-farmers-south-africa-conspiracy-theory_us_5b7f2d38e4b0729515115d9d|title=Trump Boosted A White Nationalist Conspiracy Theory He Saw On Fox News|last=Schulberg|first=Jessica|date=August 23, 2018|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=24 August 2018}}</ref> ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' magazine had claimed Trump was attempting to "change the conversation – to one about 'white genocide' in South Africa";<ref name="NYmag" /> ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' reported that the "President of the United States is now openly promoting an international racist conspiracy theory as the official [[foreign policy of the United States]]."<ref name="Esq">{{cite news|title=No One Should Need a Tape of Him Using a Racial Slur |url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/a22810662/donald-trump-south-africa-white-land-grabs-killings/ |work=[[Esquire (magazine)| ]] |date=August 23, 2018}}</ref> According to the [[Southern Poverty Law Center|SPLC]], Trump had "tweeted out his intention to put the full force of the [[U.S. State Department]] behind a white nationalist conspiracy theory."<ref name="stoking">{{cite news|title=President Trump is stoking white nationalism, exploiting racist fear |url=https://www.splcenter.org/news/2018/08/23/president-trump-stoking-white-nationalism-exploiting-racist-fear |publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |date=August 23, 2018}}</ref> |
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Causing "angry reaction in South Africa", many politicians and public figures responded critically to Trump. These included multiple members of the [[22nd South African Parliament|South African Parliament]] and RSA [[Deputy President of South Africa|Deputy President]] [[David Mabuza]]. [[Julius Malema]] MP responded to the US President directly, declaring "there is no white genocide in South Africa",<ref>{{cite news|title=Donald Trump's land seizures tweet draws angry reaction in South Africa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/23/trump-orders-close-study-of-south-africa-farmer-killings |work=[[The Guardian]]|date=August 23, 2018}}</ref> that US President's intervention into their ongoing [[Land reform in South Africa|land reform issues]] "only made them more determined ... to expropriate our land without compensation",<ref name="bbc malema">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45282088 |title=South Africa rejects Donald Trump's tweet on farmer killings |date=23 August 2018 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref name="WP1" /> and that there is a [[black genocide]] in the U.S.<ref name="bbc malema" /> [[Jeremy Cronin]] MP stated that the South African government needed to "send a signal to the courts‚ to Trump‚ to [[Fox News]] Agency" over the issue,<ref name="TimesLive" /> whereas [[Lindiwe Sisulu]] claimed that his foreign policy tweet was "regrettable" and "based on false information".<ref name="False claims" /> |
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In the U.S., former [[United States Ambassador to South Africa|US Ambassador]] to South Africa [[Patrick Gaspard]], and American media personalities [[Chris Cuomo]] and [[Al Sharpton]] spoke out against the US President on the issue. Gaspard labelled Trump's actions as "dangerous and poisoned",<ref name="WP1" /> while Cuomo stated that Trump was bogusly claiming "white farmers" were "being hunted down and killed and having their land stolen".<ref name="BI">{{cite web|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/kellyanne-conway-and-chris-cuomo-interview-cnn-2018-8 |title=Kellyanne Conway and Chris Cuomo squeezed a week's worth of news into one wild 30-minute debate on CNN |date=24 August 2018 |work=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> |
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John T. Earnest, shooter behind the [[Poway synagogue shooting]] blamed Jews for white genocide in his manifesto. |
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=== Zimbabwe === |
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White supremacists are described as being obsessed with the treatment of the formerly dominant white minorities in [[Zimbabwe]] and [[South Africa]] by the black majorities where "the diminished stature of whites is presented as an ongoing genocide that must be fought."<ref name="MurphyD">{{Cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/Backchannels/2015/0618/Why-would-an-American-white-supremacist-be-fond-of-Rhodesia|title=Why would an American white supremacist be fond of Rhodesia?|last=Murphy|first=Dan|date=15 June 2015|work=The Christian Science Monitor|access-date=2018-12-09}}</ref> In particular, the story of Rhodesia as Zimbabwe was formerly known, ruled by an [[unrecognized state|rogue]] [[white supremacist]] [[Ian Smith|government]] until briefly re-colonized in 1979, holds a particular fascination for white supremacists. Zimbabwe's disastrous economic collapse under the leadership of its second black president, [[Robert Mugabe]], together with the Mugabe government's policies towards the white minority has been cited by white supremacists as evidence of both the inferiority of blacks and a case of genocide against whites.<ref name="MurphyD"/> In alt-right and white supremacist groups, there is much nostalgia for Rhodesia, which is seen as a state that fought valiantly for white supremacy in Africa in the 1960–1970s until it was betrayed.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.wral.com/trump-tweet-echoes-agenda-of-supremacy/17791327/|title=Trump Tweet Echoes Agenda of Supremacy|last1=Davis|first1=Julie Hirschfeld|last2=Onishi|first2=Norimitsu|date=23 August 2018|work=WRAL.com|access-date=2018-12-09}}</ref> |
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== Criticism == |
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White genocide is a myth,<ref name="VoxIdeology" /><ref name="myth" /> said by journalist [[Eli Saslow]] to be based on false science, false history, and hatred.<ref name="RisingE">{{cite book |last1=Saslow |first1=Eli |title=Rising out of hatred: the awakening of a former white nationalist |date=September 2018 |publisher=Penguin Random House |isbn=0385542879 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/557516/rising-out-of-hatred-by-eli-saslow/9780385542869/}}</ref> There is no evidence that white people are dying out or will die out, or that anyone is trying to kill them as a race or ethnicity.<ref name="RisingE" /><ref name="MarcotteA">{{cite news |last1=Marcotte |first1=Amanda |title=Donald Trump's "white genocide" rhetoric: A dangerous escalation of racism |url=https://www.salon.com/2018/08/27/donald-trumps-white-genocide-rhetoric-a-dangerous-escalation-of-racism/ |work=Salon |date=27 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="DeVegaC" /> White supremacists claim that ethnic diversity is equivalent to white genocide.<ref name="DeVegaC">{{cite news |last1=DeVega |first1=Chauncy |title=Author and activist Tim Wise: 'The Republican Party is a white identity cult' |url=https://www.salon.com/2018/09/05/author-and-activist-tim-wise-the-republican-party-is-a-white-identity-cult/ |work=Salon |date=5 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Scholars describe white supremacists as fabricating paranoid claims that their survival as a race is threatened, for example by, "individualism, celibacy, feminism and other forms of sex-role confusion, misplaced environmentalism, and white demonization and guilt," all of which are claimed to promote reproductive failure.<ref name="PannellJ">{{cite journal |last1=Pannell |first1=Justin |last2=Brod |first2=Adam |last3=Horton |first3=Reina Hirose |title=The Conception of Race in White Supremacist Discourse: A Critical Corpus Analysis with Teaching Implications |journal=TESOL Working Paper Series |date=2018 |volume=16 |pages=40–61 |url=https://www.hpu.edu/research-publications/tesol-working-papers/2018/03pannell-brod-horton.pdf}}</ref> |
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[[File:McVeigh mugshot.jpg|thumb|Timothy McVeigh]] |
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The purpose of the white genocide conspiracy theory is to scare white people in countries that are diversifying and justify a commitment to a white nationalist agenda,<ref name="MarcotteA" /> using evidence of a declining birth rate in support of their extremist views and calls to violence.<ref name="BetuelE">{{cite web |last1=Betuel |first1=Emma |title=CDC Data on Declining US Fertility Rate Is Being Used by White Nationalists |date=January 13, 2019 |url=https://www.inverse.com/article/52409-cdc-fertility-report-race-breakdown-white-nationalism |website=Inverse |language=en}}</ref> White supremacists are successfully constructing false narratives of genocide to incite violence at an increasing rate.<ref name="PerryB">{{cite book |last1=Perry |first1=Barbara |editor1-last=Ferber |editor1-first=Abby L. |title=Home-grown hate: gender and organized racism |date=November 2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415944155 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781135946005/chapters/10.4324/9780203644058-9 |chapter='White Genocide': White Supremacists and the Politics of Reproduction |pages=75–95}}</ref> Literature propounding the white genocide conspiracy theory has incited violence; ''[[The Turner Diaries]],'' for instance, is responsible for inciting many violent crimes, including those of [[Timothy McVeigh]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berger |first1=J.M. |title=The Turner Legacy: The Storied Origins and Enduring Impact of White Nationalism’s Deadly Bible |date=September 2016 |doi=10.19165/2016.1.11 |url=https://icct.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ICCT-Berger-The-Turner-Legacy-September2016-2.pdf |accessdate=19 March 2019 |series=ICCT Research Paper Series |publisher=International Centre for Counter-Terrorism |issn=2468-0656 |page= 40}}</ref><ref name="MarcotteA" /> The US Republican Party as led by Donald Trump has repeatedly and openly courted white supremacists and endorsed the falsehoods they promote, including those of white genocide.<ref name="TaylorK">{{cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=Keeanga-Yamahtta |title=The White Power Presidency: Race and Class in the Trump Era |journal=New Political Science |date=16 February 2018 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=103–112 |doi=10.1080/07393148.2018.1420555 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07393148.2018.1420555?journalCode=cnps20}}</ref> |
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Critics of the conspiracy theory include:<!-- in alphabetical order --> |
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* [[Don Black (white supremacist)#Family|Derek Black]], an American former white supremacist and godson of [[David Duke]], after initially supporting and helping to popularize the concept,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/the-white-flight-of-derek-black/2016/10/15/ed5f906a-8f3b-11e6-a6a3-d50061aa9fae_story.html |title=The white flight of Derek Black |date=15 October 2016 |publisher=''[[The Washington Post]]''}}</ref><ref name="NEA">{{cite news|title=How Higher Education Helped Derek Black Renounce White Supremacy |url=http://neatoday.org/2018/09/19/how-higher-education-helped-derek-black-renounce-white-supremacy/ |publisher=''[[NEA Today]]'' |date=September 19, 2018}}</ref> has renounced and opposed the white genocide conspiracy theory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/arts/books/2018/09/18/derek-blackwas-scion-racism-renounced-rising-hatred-tells-story |title=Derek Black was the scion of racism — then renounced it; 'Rising Out of Hatred' tells his story |date=17 September 2018 |publisher=''[[The Dallas Morning News]]''}}</ref> Black has claimed that the concept was about pushing [[white nationalists]] into a false and overt [[paranoia]] about [[demographics of the United States]].<ref name="MarcotteA" /> |
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* [[Mika Brzezinski]], an American [[newscaster]], author and co-host of ''[[Morning Joe]]'', has spoken out against the concept,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2ewxSvrJMM |title=President Donald Trump Tweets About South Africa; South Africa Responds |date=23 August 2018 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> labelling it as a "a racist conspiracy theory."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rawstory.com/2018/08/south-africa-tweets-show-morally-debased-trump-will-anything-change-subject-cohen-msnbc-panelist/ |title=South Africa tweets show 'morally debased' Trump 'will do anything' to change the subject from Cohen: MSNBC panelist |date=15 October 2016 |publisher=''[[Raw Story]]''}}</ref> |
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* [[George Ciccariello-Maher]], an American political scientist and former associate professor of [[politics]] and [[global studies]] at [[Drexel University]], has strongly opposed the conspiracy theory, claiming that it is "invented by white supremacists and used to denounce everything from [[inter-racial relationships]] to multicultural policies."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/history-professor-twitter-storm-white-genocide-death-threats-george-ciccariello-maher-a7497301.html |title='All I want for Christmas is white genocide': Professor receives death threats after mocking supremacists |date=27 December 2016 |publisher=''[[The Independent]]''}}</ref> Ciccariello-Maher has labelled the concept as a "figment of the racist imagination" and claimed that "it should be mocked."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://time.com/4618146/drexel-professor-white-genocide-tweet/ |title=A Drexel Professor Tweeted That He Wants 'White Genocide' for Christmas |date=26 December 2016 |publisher=''[[TIME]]''}}</ref> |
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* [[Jeremy Cronin]], a South African writer, politician, member of the [[South African Communist Party]] and current Deputy [[Minister of Public Works (South Africa)|Minister of Public Works]], has spoken against the conspiracy theory. In a committee meeting in the [[South African parliament]], he indicated that land expropriation without compensation should not be viewed as a white genocide.<ref name="TimesLive">{{cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-08-28-expropriation-bill-to-be-redrafted-to-accommodate-expropriation-without-compensation/ |title=Expropriation Bill to be redrafted to accommodate expropriation without compensation |date=28 August 2018 |publisher=''[[The Times (South Africa)]]''}}</ref> |
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* [[Chris Cuomo]], an American television journalist, has spoken in opposition to the concept. While stating that "like all conspiracy tripe, there's a kernel of truth" to the theory, in relation to [[land reform in South Africa]], he generally describes the conspiracy theory as a "bogus cause that white nationalists are selling."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/politics/2018/08/24/trump-south-africa-scrutiny-cuomo-cpt-sot-vp.cnn|title=Cuomo offers Trump tips to avoid scrutiny |date=24 August 2018|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="BI"/> |
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* [[Patrick Gaspard]], a Congolese-American politician and former [[United States Ambassador to South Africa|U.S. Ambassador to South Africa]], has opposed the concept, claiming the conspiracy theory is "trafficking in a [[white supremacist]] story line,"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/23/us/politics/trump-south-africa-land.html |title=Trump's South Africa Tweet Seems to Embrace Racist Narrative on Land Dispute |date=23 August 2018 |publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''}}</ref> and that it is a "white-supremacist [[Alt-right#Use of memes|meme]] from the darkest place."<ref name="WP1" /> |
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* [[David Mabuza]], a South African politician and [[Deputy President of South Africa]], has spoken in opposition to the conspiracy theory, calling it "far from the truth." He stated that "we would like to discourage those who are using this sensitive and emotive issue of land to divide us as South Africans by distorting our [[Land reform in South Africa|land reform measures]] to the international community and spreading falsehoods that our ‘[[White South Africans#Post-apartheid era|white farmers]]’ are facing the onslaught from their own government."<ref name="WP1"/> |
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* [[Eli Saslow]], an American journalist, has spoken against the conspiracy theory, labelling it as a "really effective" form of propaganda or indoctrination. He stated that "unfortunately, in part because it's built upon a very real and dark truth in [[American history]] — which is that [[white supremacy]] has always been a big part of what this country is — white nationalists were able to start capitalizing on that."<ref>{{cite news|title=The White Nationalist Heir Who Rejected His Dad's Vile Bigotry |url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/yw4dkb/the-white-nationalist-heir-who-rejected-his-dads-vile-bigotry |publisher=[[Vice Media]] |date=September 18, 2018}}</ref> Saslow has claimed the conspiracy theory is a way to "sanitize" [[white America]]'s history of racism and violence, by focusing on the "ways that white people are under attack in this country," including "white genocide" and "[[Executive Order 13767|building a wall]]."<ref name="NEA" /> |
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* [[Al Sharpton]], an American civil rights activist, [[Baptists|Baptist]] minister and [[Talk radio|talk show]] host, has opposed the conspiracy theory, labelling it as "[[neo-Nazi]] propaganda." Discussing the issue on an [[MSNBC]] segment with [[Katy Tur]] and foreign correspondent [[Greg Myre]], he stated that it's "not true" that "white farmers are being killed in South Africa" for racial reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msnbc.com/katy-tur/watch/behind-the-president-s-south-africa-tweet-that-has-gained-praise-from-white-supremacists-1305188419950 |title=Behind the President's South Africa tweet that has gained praise from white supremacists |date=23 August 2018 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/tucker-carlson-defends-south-africa-land-seizure-segment-after-orwellian-backlash/ |title=Tucker Carlson Defends South Africa Land Seizure Segment After 'Orwellian' Backlash |date=23 August 2018 |publisher=''[[TheWrap]]''}}</ref> |
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* [[Lindiwe Sisulu]], a South African politician, [[22nd South African Parliament|member of parliament]], and Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, has spoken out against the conspiracy theory, saying "it is a [[right-wing]] ideology, and it is very unfortunate."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/27/africa/south-africa-trump-tweet-land-reform-intl/index.html |title=South Africa's top diplomat slams Trump tweet as 'right-wing ideology' |date=27 August 2018 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Speaking of President Trump's promotion of the topic, she claimed his foreign policy tweet was "regrettable" and "based on false information."<ref name="False claims" /> |
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* [[Tim Wise]], an American activist and writer, has spoken out against the conspiracy theory, stating that it is a form of [[negrophobia]] that is being directed politically to "scare [[white Americans]]" about non-whites within the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/lifestyle/relationships/tim-wise-trump-tweet-about-south-africa-directed-at-white-americans/vi-BBMqGEZ |title=Tim Wise: Trump tweet about South Africa directed at white Americans |date=25 August 2018 |publisher=[[MSN]]}}</ref> Wise has claimed that paranoia around the concept dates back to the [[Haitian Revolution]] and North American [[Slave rebellion#North America|slave rebellions]], but that changing demographics of the United States have heightened existing anxiety, stating that "the reason it is amplified today is that in the recent past the cultural norm of the country was still dominantly white."<ref name="DeVegaC" /> |
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== See also == |
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{{Portal|Fascism|Nazism|Discrimination}} |
{{Portal|Fascism|Nazism|Discrimination}} |
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* [[Angry white male]] |
* [[Angry white male]] |
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* [[Eurabia]] |
* [[Eurabia]] |
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* ''[[The Camp of the Saints]]'', a dystopian novel that describes a similar concept. |
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* [[Ku Klux Klan]] |
* [[Ku Klux Klan]] |
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* [[White supremacy]] |
* [[White supremacy]] |
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==References== |
== References == |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
{{reflist|30em}} |
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== Further reading == |
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* {{cite news |last1=Pogue |first1=James |title=The Myth of White Genocide: An unfinished civil war inspires a global delusion |url=https://harpers.org/archive/2019/03/the-myth-of-white-genocide-in-south-africa/ |date=March 28, 2019 |work=Harper's Magazine}} |
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{{White nationalism}} |
{{White nationalism}} |
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[[Category:Conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump]] |
Revision as of 21:10, 26 May 2019
The white genocide conspiracy theory is a white supremacist[1][2] belief that there is a deliberate Jewish plot[1][2] to promote miscegenation, mass immigration, racial integration, low fertility rates, abortion, governmental land-confiscation from whites, organised violence[3] and eliminationism in supposedly white-founded countries[1][2] in order to cause the extinction of whites[1][2] through forced assimilation[3] and violent genocide.[4][5]
White genocide is a myth,[6][7] said by journalist Eli Saslow to be based on pseudoscience, pseudohistory, and hatred.[8] There is no evidence that white people are dying out or that they will die out, or that anyone is trying to exterminate them as a race.[9][10] The purpose of the conspiracy theory is to scare white people[9] and justify a commitment to a white nationalist agenda[11] in support of increasingly successful calls to violence.[12]
The conspiracy theory was popularized by white supremacist, neo-Nazi, and convicted felon David Lane around 1995. The phrase "anti-racist is a code word for anti-white," coined by high-profile white nationalist Robert Whitaker, is commonly associated with the topic of white genocide.[13] It has appeared on billboards in the United States near Birmingham, Alabama,[14] and Harrison, Arkansas.[15] Similar conspiracy theories were part of the discourse in Nazi Germany, as exemplified in a pamphlet written for the "Research Department for the Jewish question" of Walter Frank's "Reich Institute" with the title "Are the White Nations Dying? The Future of the White and the Colored Nations in the Light of Biological Statistics."[16]
The conspiracy theory has been expressed in Europe, North America, South Africa, Russia, and Australia. It has also been commonly used both interchangeably with,[17] and as a broader and more extreme version of, Renaud Camus's 2012 The Great Replacement conspiracy theory, which focuses on the white Christian population of France.[18][19] In August 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump was accused of endorsing the conspiracy theory in a foreign policy tweet instructing Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to investigate South African "land and farm seizures and expropriations and the large scale killing of farmers",[20][21][22] claiming that the "South African government is now seizing land from white farmers".[23] The often critical narrative derived from farm attacks, and land reform, is an established subset theme of the broader conspiracy theory,[9] portrayed in media as a form of gateway or proxy issue to "white genocide" within the wider context of the Western world.[24][23] The topic in relation to South Africa and Zimbabwe is also simply used interchangeably with the subject,[25] as well as being used by white nationalists as a parabolic concept, or cautionary tale,[26] to justify policies to retain or increase white majorities in nation-states, or otherwise maintain their vision of white supremacy.[27][23]
Origins and development
The conspiracy theory has its origins in early 20th-century eugenics theories popular in British colonies where it was feared that the majority non-white races would eventually supplant the white ones.[28]
In 1916, the American eugenicist and lawyer Madison Grant wrote a book entitled The Passing of the Great Race which, while largely ignored when it first appeared, went through four editions and became a part of popular culture in 1920s America. Author F. Scott Fitzgerald made a lightly disguised reference to Grant in The Great Gatsby, in which the character Tom Buchanan was reading a book called The Rise of the Colored Empires by "this man Goddard", a combination of Grant and his colleague Lothrop Stoddard. (Grant wrote the introduction to Stoddard's book The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy.) "Everybody ought to read it", Buchanan explained. "The idea is if we don't look out the white race will be – will be utterly submerged. It's all scientific stuff; it's been proved."[29] Adolf Hitler wrote to Grant to thank him for writing the book, calling it "my Bible."[30]
A 1925 book by Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi entitled Praktischer Idealismus (practical idealism) has been widely cited by proponents of the conspiracy theory throughout the 20th century.[31] It includes this passage:
The man of the future will be of mixed race. Today's races and classes will gradually disappear owing to the vanishing of space, time, and prejudice. The Eurasian-Negroid race of the future, similar in its appearance to the Ancient Egyptians, will replace the diversity of peoples with a diversity of individuals.[32]
A 1966 edition of the liberal American The Reporter magazine described Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith as having convinced white Rhodesians that their only alternative to his government's Rhodesian Bush War was "dictatorship and white genocide" by communist-backed black nationalist guerrillas.[33][34]
Neo-Nazis
The term "white genocide" appeared sporadically in the American Nazi Party's White Power newspaper as early as 1972[35] and WAR[36] in the 1970s and 1980s, where it primarily referred to contraception and abortion. The conspiracy theory was developed by the neo-Nazi David Lane in his White Genocide Manifesto (c. 1995, origin of the later use of the term),[37][38][39][35] where he made the claim that the government policies of many Western countries had the intent of destroying white European culture and making white people an "extinct species".[40] Lane—a founding member of the organization The Order—criticized miscegenation, abortion, homosexuality, the legal repercussions against those who "resist genocide", and the "Zionist Occupation Government" that he said controls the United States and the other majority-white countries and which encourages "white genocide".[40]
Alt-right
In the first decade of the 21st century, the conspiracy theory spread beyond its explicit neo-Nazi and white nationalist origins, to be embraced by the newer alt-right movement.
Anders Behring Breivik's entitled manifesto makes frequent mention of an alleged ongoing genocide against white Europeans.[40]
Discussion threads on the white nationalist Internet forum Stormfront often center around the theme of white people being subjected to genocidal policies by their governments.[40] The concept has also been popularized by the alt-right and alt-lite movements in the United States.[41][42] The 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, referenced the conspiracy theory as tiki torch-wielding protestors yelled "You will not replace us!" and "Jews will not replace us!"
The notion of racial purity, homogeneity or "racial hygiene" is an underlying theme of the white genocide discourse and it has been used by people with neo-Nazi and white supremacist backgrounds.[43][44]
While individual iterations of the conspiracy theory vary on who is assigned blame, Jewish influence, people who hate whites,[43] and liberal political forces are commonly cited by white supremacists as being the main factors leading to a white genocide.[5][45][40] This view is held by prominent figures such as David Duke, who cites Jews and "liberal political ideals" as the main causes.[46][40] White nationalist Robert Whitaker, who coined the phrase "anti-racist is a code word for anti-white" in a widely circulated 2006 piece seeking to popularize the white genocide concept online, used "anti-White" to describe those he believed are responsible for the genocide of white people, and continued to view it as a Jewish conspiracy while emphasizing that others also supported the "anti-White" cause.[47][37] However, the view that Jews are responsible for a white genocide is contested by other white supremacist figures, such as Jared Taylor.[48]
Advocacy and spread
The white genocide conspiracy theory has continuously recurred among the far-right in a variety of forms, all centered around a core theme of white populations being replaced, removed, or simply killed.[27]
Australia
American Neo-Nazi literature such as The Turner Diaries and Lane's White Genocide Manifesto have spread online to right wing groups in Australia. An influential collection of writings called Siege by James Mason was cited as an inspiration by some of the twenty-two neo-Nazis who infiltrated the New South Wales Young Nationals party from which they were banned for life for trying to advance the creation of an ethno-state.[49] Themes of the "defense of Western civilization" and the achievements of ethnic Whites have become racist dog whistles for groups advancing theories of an impending white genocide. [50]
In March 2018, several Australian tabloids owned by the News Corporation ran articles alleging that South African whites were faced with genocide and which led the Australian home affairs minister Peter Dutton to promise fast-track visas for any South African white wishing to emigrate to Australia.[27] Dutton is known for his anti-immigrant and anti-refugee stance, which led to questions about his willingness to accept South African whites into Australia as refugees, since he normally opposes Australia accepting refugees.[3] One News Corp columnist, Miranda Devine, wrote about the ties as she saw them between the Australian people and “our oppressed white, Christian, industrious, rugby and cricket-playing Commonwealth cousins" threatened by South African blacks whom she promised would integrate "seamlessly" into Australia as opposed to immigration from Third World countries.[51] Another Australian News Corporation columnist, Caroline Marcus, connected the alleged plight of South African whites to what she saw as a broader attack on whites across the world, writing "the truth is, there are versions of this anti-white, vengeance theme swirling in movements around the western world, from Black Lives Matter in the US to Invasion Day protests back home."[51] The British journalist Jason Wilson noted that the News Corporation run by the Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch also owns Fox News, which has aired stories portraying South African whites as a persecuted minority, leading him to accuse the News Corporation of promoting this narrative around the world.[27]
In 2018 resolution declaring "It's OK to be white", and decrying "the deplorable rise of anti-white racism and attacks on Western civilization," was introduced in the Australian Senate by Pauline Hanson, an anti-immigrant Senator who leads the One Nation Party. The motion was narrowly defeated. [52] The same slogan, which is associated with white supremacist rhetoric, was also depicted on a short worn by the far-right Canadian youtuber Lauren Southern during a visit to Australia. [49][53]
After Australian white-genocide conspiracy theorist Brenton Tarrant carried out the March 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings, Queensland Senator Fraser Anning released a statement saying the cause of the attacks was "the immigration program which allowed Muslim fanatics to migrate to New Zealand in the first place". Anning has called for a "final solution" to nonwhite immigration to Australia,[54] and frequently issues calls to stop white genocide on social media.[55] Other politicians such as Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton have helped propel the idea of white genocide into the mainstream.[50]
Canada
Faith Goldy, a Canadian right-wing writer and commentator, has been described by GQ magazine as "one of Canada's most prominent propagandists" for the theory.[56] She has compared Canada's immigration policies to "white genocide".[57][58]
Gavin McInnes, a Vice Media co-founder, Canadian writer, actor and comedian, is one of the main leaders of the far-right factions that believe in the conspiracy theory.[59] He has stated that white women having abortions and immigration is "leading to white genocide in the West".[60][59]
Stefan Molyneux, a Canadian podcaster and YouTuber, is a supporter of the theory.[61] He has devoted a video to the conspiracy theories about "White Genocide" in South Africa.[62]
Lauren Southern, a Canadian far-right internet personality and political activist, has promoted the white genocide conspiracy theory, using it as an argument against immigration.[63][64][65] She has advocated for European countries to refuse refugees from Africa and Asia, saying that immigration would lead to white genocide,[64] and has been labelled in media as a "booster" for the conspiracy at large.[3] In 2018, Southern produced a documentary called Farmlands about post-Apartheid farm violence in South Africa.[66]
France
Figures on the right of French politics, such as Renaud Camus, have claimed that a "white genocide" or "Great Replacement" is occurring in France.[67] Camus's definition, which focuses largely on the white Christian population in France, has been used in media interchangably with white genocide,[68][17] and described as a narrower, less extreme and more nationally focused version of the broader conspiracy theory.[18][19] Despite his focus on the specific demographics of France, Camus also believes all Western countries are facing a form of "ethnic and civilizational substitution".[69]
White genocide was used as a slogan by anti-immigrant/refugee protesters in Calais during European migrant crisis.
Germany
The 2015 New Year's Eve attacks in Cologne resulted in accusations that the federal government and media were deliberately avoiding public interest reporting on 1,200 sexual assaults by thousands of young male Muslim immigrants. Apologies for hesitancy by public television channel ZDF strengthened claims of a Lügenpresse (lying press) by populist and far-right parties as evidence for widespread conspiracy by German institutions. The unprecedented scale of border crossings during 2015 and 2016 compelled Chancellor Angela Merkel to impose "temporary restrictions" on transit across the border with Austria. The alt-right conspiracy website Zero Hedge listed statistics on migrant crime in Germany alongside statements from politicians and news articles, presented as "contradictions confirming a deep-state level of conspiracy ... to push through a pro-immigration policy in Germany". During the 2017 German election campaign, the far-right Alternative for Germany party ran advertisements featuring a pregnant woman’s abdomen with the slogan, "New Germans? We'll make them ourselves."[31]
Hungary
A state-sponsored campaign led by President Viktor Orbán has employed a wide range of historical anti-Semitic tropes to accuse philanthropist George Soros of engaging in conspiracies to support and deceive the public about nonwhite immigrants. Orbán has accused Soros, a Jew whose family survived hostile conditions during Hungary's Nazi occupation, of being a Nazi himself, and has introduced legislation known as the "Stop Soros law" to criminalize organized support of immigrants. These fabrications have become popular with the alt-right in Europe and the US.[31] Orbán's 2018 campaign slogan was, "Christianity is Europe's last hope",[70] saying, "our worst nightmares can come true. The West falls as it fails to see Europe being overrun."[71]
New Zealand
Brenton Tarrant, the March 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings suspect, explained in his manifesto that he carried out the attack to fight ongoing "white genocide" by foreign "invaders."[72] He had forwarded stories about white women's low fertility rates on his social media accounts. Photographs from his initial court appearance showed him making the "OK" symbol appropriated by white supremacists with his fingers.[73] South African expatriates in New Zealand have been spreading white genocide myths on Facebook and by demonstrating in marches.[50]
Poland
Hundreds of Polish Facebook groups such as "Stop White Genocide" have produced and disseminated images depicting African and Middle eastern people as belonging to separate "primitive" species, lacking the human intelligence of White Europeans. Websites such as "Conspiracy Files" have fabricated allegations of political compacts to bolster nonwhite immigration against popular will, such as agreements signed by EU leaders and African nations to increase Europe's African population to 300 million by 2068, making native Whites, "minorities within their own homeland".[31]
Russia
Much of the theory that South African whites are faced with the threat of "genocide" originates with internet rumors started by the government of Russia. Vesti, a television channel owned by the Russian government, aired a segment in the summer of 2018 about Afrikaner farmers wanting to immigrate to Russia as "brothers in faith". The present government in Russia led by Vladimir Putin often attacks the ideology of liberalism for putting the individual before the collective, and promotes "white genocide" stories both as a way of showing the failure of liberalism and to promote the thesis that group identities matter far more than individual identities. The ideology of the Russian state is that the interests of the collective take precedence over the individual, and evidence of alleged failures of liberalism abroad are extensively covered by the Russian media.[3] The Australian historian Mark Edele stated:"There is definitely an attempt [by Russia] to support alt-right views and extreme right organisations outside of Russia ... Russia supports groups that will undermine liberal views. That's the logic of sponsorship of alt-right groups by Russia ... There is a longstanding anxiety among Russia's nationalists that Russians are dying out because of falling birth rates compared to non-Slavic peoples. It reverberates with white genocide fears." The Canadian alt-right personality Lauren Southern had a sympathetic interview with the Russian Eurasianist thinker Aleksandr Dugin, who told her "liberalism denies the existence of any collective identities" and that "liberalism is based on the absence of any form of collective identity". Dugin used the case of white South African farmers allegedly threatened with genocide as proof of the failure of liberalism, for putting the individual ahead of the collective. After the end of apartheid in 1994, South Africa was presented as the "rainbow nation" where henceforward people, regardless of their skin color, would be judged only as individuals. From the viewpoint of the Russian state, presenting liberalism in South Africa as a blood-soaked disaster is a way of discrediting liberalism in general.[3]
South Africa
Far-right and alt-right figures, such as singer Steve Hofmeyr, have claimed that a "white genocide" is taking place in South Africa.[74] The South African singer, songwriter, political activist, actor and TV presenter supports and promotes the conspiracy theory.[18][75][7] The Conversation has credited Hofmeyr with popularizing the concept.[74] In January 2017, media reported that Hofmeyr was set to meet US President-elect Donald Trump to discuss "white genocide" in South Africa.[76][77]
The manifesto of far-right terrorist Anders Behring Breivik entitled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence devotes an entire section to an alleged "genocide" against Afrikaners. It also contains several other references to alleged persecution of whites in South Africa and the attacks on white farmers.[74] Mike Cernovich, an American alt-right commentator, has previously stated that "white genocide in South Africa is real".[78] The survivalist group the Suidlanders has claimed credit for publicizing the issue internationally.[79]
Africa Check, a fact-checking organisation, has rejected these claims as false: "In fact, whites are less likely to be murdered than any other race group." Africa Check reported that while whites account for nearly 9% of the South African population they represent just 1.8% of murder victims. Lizette Lancaster from the Institute for Security Studies has said that "Whites are far less likely to be murdered than their black or coloured counterparts."[80][81][82] British journalist Joe Walsh reported that the murder rates in the mainly white suburbs of Johannesburg were far lower than in the black townships of Johannesburg, leading him to conclude: "If there was any kind of genocide being carried out against white people in the country then the safest areas of the continent's most dangerous city would not be predominately white."[26]
South African journalist Lynsey Chutel reported: "After a peak in 2001/2002, the number of farm attacks—rape, robbery and other forms of violent crime short of murder—has decreased to about half. Similarly, the number of murders on farms peaked in 1997/1998 at 153, but today that number is below 50."[26] Chutel stated that although some of the murders of white farmers may indeed be racially motivated, it should be noted that South Africa is a country with a high violent crime rate and white farmers are "isolated and believed to be wealthy".[26] In the period July 2017 to July 2018, 47 farmers of all races were killed in South Africa, down from 66 murdered between July 2016 and July 2017.[83] The worst year for farm murders in South Africa was 1998, when 153 farmers were killed. Between April 2016 and March 2017, there were a total of 19,016 murders in South Africa, suggesting that farmers are not especially likely to be killed in South Africa.[83] Gregory Stanton of Genocide Watch has condemned the misuse of his groups' reports of the threat of polarization in South Africa to further the idea of "white genocide".[84]
Much of the white genocide claims in South Africa rest on a misrepresentation of the Afrikaner people as conforming to the popular Boer stereotype as hard-working, devoutly Calvinist, gun-loving farmers. In 1989, the British journalist Patrick Brogan noted that the Afrikaners once called themselves Boers (farmers) because that was what they were, but the term Boer fell out of use in the 20th century as most of the Afrikaners moved to urban areas, making the term Boer highly anachronistic.[85] Brogan concluded the popular Boer stereotype does not accurately describe the majority of the Afrikaners, whose way of life is very similar to that of middle class people in other Western nations.[85]
Even mainstream American conservatives who often championed the causes of Rhodesia and apartheid South Africa, seeing both regimes as having supposedly more enlightened policies towards black people than the policy of integration in the United States, embraced the variants of the white genocide theory as part of the defense of Rhodesia and South Africa.[86] In 2015, the Canadian journalist Jeet Heer wrote: "The idea that whites in America have a natural affinity with white colonialists in Africa did not spring from the neo-Nazi far-right, but rather the conservative movement that coalesced around National Review in the 1950s."[86] In 1957, the American journalist William F. Buckley wrote in The National Review in defense of white supremacy around the world: "The question, as far as the White community is concerned, is whether the claims of civilization supersede those of universal suffrage. The British believe they do, and acted accordingly, in Kenya, where the choice was dramatically one between civilization and barbarism, and elsewhere; the South, where the conflict is by no means dramatic, as in Kenya, nevertheless perceives important qualitative differences between its culture and the Negroes’, and intends to assert its own."[86] The "choice" that Britain faced "between civilization and barbarism" in Kenya that Buckley was referring to was the Kenya Emergency where the Kikuyu Land and Freedom Army, better known as the Mau Mau, fought for independence, and in the process the British security forces killed approximately 10,000-20,000 Kikuyu to put down the rebellion. The Mau Mau were depicted in the 1950s as savages who killed white British settlers, which justified British atrocities against the Kikuyu, and by linking the U.S. civil rights movement with the Mau Mau, Buckley was suggesting that civil rights for African-Americans would led to atrocities against white Americans.[86]
Heer wrote that Buckley's equation of whiteness with "civilization" and blackness with "barbarism" led him to support racist regimes in both South Africa and Rhodesia, to paint the possibility of majority rule in both places in the darkest of colors, and his writings on the subject from the 1950s to the 1990s show a strong emotional identification with the whites of Rhodesia and South Africa.[86] Buckley and other American conservatives consistently portrayed apartheid era South Africa in a favorable light, and warned that majority rule would cause a disaster for whites.[87] On 23 April 1960 in the aftermath of the Sharpville massacre of March 1960, The National Review ran an editorial stating "the whites are entitled, we believe, to pre-eminence in South Africa."[87] Russell Kirk in a column in The National Review on 9 March 1965 warned that letting African-Americans vote in the United States "will work mischief—much injuring, rather than fulfilling, the responsible democracy for which Tocqueville hoped," but in the case of South Africa "this degradation of the democratic dogma, if applied, would bring anarchy and the collapse of civilization."[87] Kirk stated apartheid was just because South African whites were racially superior and "Bantu political domination would be domination by witch doctors (still numerous and powerful) and reckless demagogues."[87] On 13 April 1979, Buckley in a column gave an account of South African history very sympathetic to Afrikaner nationalists, suggesting that their concerns about black rule were rational and "their fears are understandable."[87] In an editorial on 14 March 1986, The National Review asked "To what extent, is the vast majority of South African blacks intellectually and practically prepared to assume the social, economic, and political leadership in a highly industrialized country?"[87] In the July 1988 edition of Commentary, David Roberts, Jr compared Nelson Mandela to Pol Pot and the African National Congress to the Khmer Rouge, implying that the ANC would exterminate South African whites if it came to power.[87] Shortly before his death in 2005 Samuel T. Francis, the former editor of the conservative Washington Times, warned about the possibility of a "white genocide" in South Africa.[86]
Simon Roche, an Afrikaner nationalist from South Africa and a spokesman for the survivialist group, the Suidlanders, that exists in his words "to prepare a Protestant Christian South African Minority for a coming violent revolution," visited the United States in 2017 to promote the thesis that the white minority in South Africa is faced with the threat of genocide.[27] Roche stated he went to the United States to "raise awareness of and support for the Caucasian Christian conservative volk of South Africa ... There's a natural affinity with conservative white Americans."[88] Another South African proponent of the genocide theory, Willem Petzer, appeared on a guest on Gavin McInnes's podcast, accusing African National Congress government in South Africa of planning genocide.[27] Another Afrikaner group, AfriForum, had its chief executive Kallie Kriel and deputy executive Ernst Roets, visit the United States in May 2018 seeking support from the Trump administration.[88] Roets met with U.S. National Security Adviser, John Bolton, and according to him gave him a copy of his book, Kill the Boar, which claims the ANC government is behind the murders of Afrikaner farmers.[88]
United Kingdom
In 2015, the anti-Islamic For Britain party founder and leader Anne Marie Waters described White genocide as "part of a broad-ranging, virulent, and vicious hatred of white Western people".[31] In the same Breitbart News article, she said European leaders sought to extinguish Western culture.[89]
A few weeks before the 2016 Brexit referendum, an unemployed gardener murdered Member of Parliament Jo Cox because of her support of the European Union and work in support of immigrants, saying she was part of a left-wing conspiracy perpetuated by the mainstream media and a traitor to the White race.[31] A March 2016 survey ahead of the referendum found 41% of Britons thought their government was concealing the true number of immigrants.[31]
Katie Hopkins, an English media personality, has made a documentary supporting the conspiracy theory of an ongoing genocide against white farmers in South Africa.[62][90] She has also promoted the idea that both immigration and multiculturalism are intended to cause white genocide.[91] Yahoo! News reported that while traveling for the documentary, "her intention was to 'expose' the white genocide" happening to farmers in South Africa.[92][93]
United States
Starting with the 2016 US presidential election, there have been allegations that aspects of the conspiracy theory have been adopted as dog-whistling by some mainstream conservative political figures. In 2016, Donald Trump garnered controversy after retweeting Twitter user @WhiteGenocideTM,[94] and @EustaceFash, whose Twitter header image at the time also included the term "white genocide."[95] A 2016 analysis of his Twitter feed during the Republican presidential primaries showed that 62% of those that he chose to retweet in an average week followed multiple accounts which discussed the conspiracy theory, and 21% followed prominent white nationalists online.[96]
While Donald Trump supporters on the Reddit discussion forum /r/The_Donald generally agree that white genocide is occurring, they disagree about the responsible parties. "Tea Party conservatives characterize it as a scheme by Democrats to gain voters. For the white nationalists, the main villain is 'international Jewry.' Infowars fans blame 'globalists' — a label that is often interchangeable with 'Jews' — seeking to dumb down Western populations with 'low-IQ migrants' who are more easily controlled." By August 2017, at least 330 /r/The_Donald posts referred to the "Kalergi plan," a purported conspiracy to replace the European population with African migrants.[97]
Iowa congressman Steve King has used rhetoric that Mother Jones and Paste Magazine writers described as invoking the conspiracy theory, saying that "We can't restore our civilization with somebody else's babies" and using the phrase "cultural suicide".[98] Vox and The New Republic have described him as an adherent of the theory that immigration and other forms of population shift represent a slow genocide against white populations.[6][99]
Tucker Carlson, an American conservative political commentator for Fox News, has been described as playing a key role in bringing the conspiracy theory of an ongoing "white genocide" in South Africa into the mainstream after a piece about the topic on his show caught the attention of president Donald Trump.[100][101][27][102] Vox described him as having "taken up the cause" of the "virulent, racist conspiracy theory" of white genocide.[26] Amanda Marcotte in Salon has said that while he avoids using the specific phrase "white genocide," but that "its basic premise is embedded throughout his show."[100] The SPLC has accused his website, The Daily Caller, of promoting the theory in relation to South African farm attacks.[103][27] Carlson asserted he was shocked his statements could be considered an appeal to white nationalists, dismissing questions about his show's high support among them as "stupid" and saying he knew nothing about them.[101]
Mike Cernovich, an American alt-right social media personality, writer, and conspiracy theorist, supports and promotes the conspiracy theory.[104] He has deleted several tweets referring to the concept, one stating that "diversity is a code word for white genocide".[105][83]
Ann Coulter, an American conservative social, writer and political commentator, has been described as a "champion" of the ideas behind the conspiracy theory following a book she wrote on the subject.[106] She has also claimed that "a genocide" is occurring against white South African farmers.[3] She described non-white immigration to the United States as "white genocide" in a 2007 article called "Bush's America: Roach Motel."[107] Vox has described Coulter as one of many providing a platform for "the 'white genocide' myth".[6]
David Duke, an American white supremacist, former Republican Louisiana State Representative and Grand Wizard of the KKK has posted Youtube videos stating that Jews are "organizing white genocide."[108][109] Duke has also accused Anthony Bourdain of wanting a genocide of white people.[110]
Alex Jones has been described as instrumental in the American spread of conspiracy theories about white genocide in Africa.[111][112]
Jason Kessler, the primary organizer behind the Unite the Right rally and an American white nationalist blogger, has repeatedly promoted the conspiracy theory, using his website to criticize what he called "white genocide" and an "attack on white history".[113]
Michael Savage, an American radio host, author and conservative political commentator, has devoted an episode of his show to conspiracy theories about white genocide in Africa.[27]
Jack Posobiec, a leading figure in the alt-right former U.S. naval intelligence officer, and Trump activist, has frequently tweeted about the concept.[114]
Donald Trump Jr., an American businessman, executive director of the Trump Organization and the eldest child of U.S. President Donald Trump, has been accused by mainstream media of being an advocate of the conspiracy theory,[115] or pretending to be an advocate for political gain,[116] after his interview with white supremacist James Edwards during the 2016 Trump presidential campaign.[117]
Robert Bowers, sole suspect charged in the October 2018 Pittsburgh synagogue shooting, stated, "They're committing genocide to my people", in a police complaint.[118][119] On his Gab account (a favored social network for white nationalists) he wrote, "Daily Reminder: Diversity means chasing down the last white person" and "HIAS likes to bring invaders that kill our people. I can't sit by and watch my people get slaughtered. Screw your optics, I'm going in."[120]
On August 23, 2018, US President Donald Trump brought the concept of "white genocide" in relation to South Africa significantly further into mainstream media discourse, after he publicly instructed Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to investigate South African farm attacks,[21] an instruction which was broadly portrayed in media as the Trump and his administration advocating for an unfounded conspiracy theory.[25][121] Trump had apparently gotten his information from a Tucker Carlson segment on Fox News.[122] New York magazine had claimed Trump was attempting to "change the conversation – to one about 'white genocide' in South Africa";[23] Esquire reported that the "President of the United States is now openly promoting an international racist conspiracy theory as the official foreign policy of the United States."[123] According to the SPLC, Trump had "tweeted out his intention to put the full force of the U.S. State Department behind a white nationalist conspiracy theory."[124]
Causing "angry reaction in South Africa", many politicians and public figures responded critically to Trump. These included multiple members of the South African Parliament and RSA Deputy President David Mabuza. Julius Malema MP responded to the US President directly, declaring "there is no white genocide in South Africa",[125] that US President's intervention into their ongoing land reform issues "only made them more determined ... to expropriate our land without compensation",[126][22] and that there is a black genocide in the U.S.[126] Jeremy Cronin MP stated that the South African government needed to "send a signal to the courts‚ to Trump‚ to Fox News Agency" over the issue,[127] whereas Lindiwe Sisulu claimed that his foreign policy tweet was "regrettable" and "based on false information".[83]
In the U.S., former US Ambassador to South Africa Patrick Gaspard, and American media personalities Chris Cuomo and Al Sharpton spoke out against the US President on the issue. Gaspard labelled Trump's actions as "dangerous and poisoned",[22] while Cuomo stated that Trump was bogusly claiming "white farmers" were "being hunted down and killed and having their land stolen".[128]
John T. Earnest, shooter behind the Poway synagogue shooting blamed Jews for white genocide in his manifesto.
Zimbabwe
White supremacists are described as being obsessed with the treatment of the formerly dominant white minorities in Zimbabwe and South Africa by the black majorities where "the diminished stature of whites is presented as an ongoing genocide that must be fought."[34] In particular, the story of Rhodesia as Zimbabwe was formerly known, ruled by an rogue white supremacist government until briefly re-colonized in 1979, holds a particular fascination for white supremacists. Zimbabwe's disastrous economic collapse under the leadership of its second black president, Robert Mugabe, together with the Mugabe government's policies towards the white minority has been cited by white supremacists as evidence of both the inferiority of blacks and a case of genocide against whites.[34] In alt-right and white supremacist groups, there is much nostalgia for Rhodesia, which is seen as a state that fought valiantly for white supremacy in Africa in the 1960–1970s until it was betrayed.[88]
Criticism
White genocide is a myth,[6][7] said by journalist Eli Saslow to be based on false science, false history, and hatred.[8] There is no evidence that white people are dying out or will die out, or that anyone is trying to kill them as a race or ethnicity.[8][9][10] White supremacists claim that ethnic diversity is equivalent to white genocide.[10] Scholars describe white supremacists as fabricating paranoid claims that their survival as a race is threatened, for example by, "individualism, celibacy, feminism and other forms of sex-role confusion, misplaced environmentalism, and white demonization and guilt," all of which are claimed to promote reproductive failure.[129]
The purpose of the white genocide conspiracy theory is to scare white people in countries that are diversifying and justify a commitment to a white nationalist agenda,[9] using evidence of a declining birth rate in support of their extremist views and calls to violence.[130] White supremacists are successfully constructing false narratives of genocide to incite violence at an increasing rate.[12] Literature propounding the white genocide conspiracy theory has incited violence; The Turner Diaries, for instance, is responsible for inciting many violent crimes, including those of Timothy McVeigh.[131][9] The US Republican Party as led by Donald Trump has repeatedly and openly courted white supremacists and endorsed the falsehoods they promote, including those of white genocide.[11]
Critics of the conspiracy theory include:
- Derek Black, an American former white supremacist and godson of David Duke, after initially supporting and helping to popularize the concept,[132][133] has renounced and opposed the white genocide conspiracy theory.[134] Black has claimed that the concept was about pushing white nationalists into a false and overt paranoia about demographics of the United States.[9]
- Mika Brzezinski, an American newscaster, author and co-host of Morning Joe, has spoken out against the concept,[135] labelling it as a "a racist conspiracy theory."[136]
- George Ciccariello-Maher, an American political scientist and former associate professor of politics and global studies at Drexel University, has strongly opposed the conspiracy theory, claiming that it is "invented by white supremacists and used to denounce everything from inter-racial relationships to multicultural policies."[137] Ciccariello-Maher has labelled the concept as a "figment of the racist imagination" and claimed that "it should be mocked."[138]
- Jeremy Cronin, a South African writer, politician, member of the South African Communist Party and current Deputy Minister of Public Works, has spoken against the conspiracy theory. In a committee meeting in the South African parliament, he indicated that land expropriation without compensation should not be viewed as a white genocide.[127]
- Chris Cuomo, an American television journalist, has spoken in opposition to the concept. While stating that "like all conspiracy tripe, there's a kernel of truth" to the theory, in relation to land reform in South Africa, he generally describes the conspiracy theory as a "bogus cause that white nationalists are selling."[139][128]
- Patrick Gaspard, a Congolese-American politician and former U.S. Ambassador to South Africa, has opposed the concept, claiming the conspiracy theory is "trafficking in a white supremacist story line,"[140] and that it is a "white-supremacist meme from the darkest place."[22]
- David Mabuza, a South African politician and Deputy President of South Africa, has spoken in opposition to the conspiracy theory, calling it "far from the truth." He stated that "we would like to discourage those who are using this sensitive and emotive issue of land to divide us as South Africans by distorting our land reform measures to the international community and spreading falsehoods that our ‘white farmers’ are facing the onslaught from their own government."[22]
- Eli Saslow, an American journalist, has spoken against the conspiracy theory, labelling it as a "really effective" form of propaganda or indoctrination. He stated that "unfortunately, in part because it's built upon a very real and dark truth in American history — which is that white supremacy has always been a big part of what this country is — white nationalists were able to start capitalizing on that."[141] Saslow has claimed the conspiracy theory is a way to "sanitize" white America's history of racism and violence, by focusing on the "ways that white people are under attack in this country," including "white genocide" and "building a wall."[133]
- Al Sharpton, an American civil rights activist, Baptist minister and talk show host, has opposed the conspiracy theory, labelling it as "neo-Nazi propaganda." Discussing the issue on an MSNBC segment with Katy Tur and foreign correspondent Greg Myre, he stated that it's "not true" that "white farmers are being killed in South Africa" for racial reasons.[142][143]
- Lindiwe Sisulu, a South African politician, member of parliament, and Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, has spoken out against the conspiracy theory, saying "it is a right-wing ideology, and it is very unfortunate."[144] Speaking of President Trump's promotion of the topic, she claimed his foreign policy tweet was "regrettable" and "based on false information."[83]
- Tim Wise, an American activist and writer, has spoken out against the conspiracy theory, stating that it is a form of negrophobia that is being directed politically to "scare white Americans" about non-whites within the U.S.[145] Wise has claimed that paranoia around the concept dates back to the Haitian Revolution and North American slave rebellions, but that changing demographics of the United States have heightened existing anxiety, stating that "the reason it is amplified today is that in the recent past the cultural norm of the country was still dominantly white."[10]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d *Wilson, Andrew Fergus (February 16, 2018). "#whitegenocide, the alt-right and conspiracy theory: How secrecy and suspicion contributed to the mainstreaming of hate". Secrecy & Society.
- Kelly, Annie (August 15, 2017). "The alt-right: reactionary rehabilitation for white masculinity". Soundings. 66 (66): 68–78. doi:10.3898/136266217821733688.
- Thompson, Kevin C. (April 2001). "WATCHING THE STORMFRONT: White Nationalists and the Building of Community in Cyberspace". Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice. 45 (1): 32–52. JSTOR 23169989.
- ^ a b c d Nathan, Julie (October 29, 2018). ""White Genocide" and the Pittsburgh synagogue massacre". ABC Religion & Ethics. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g "The high price of 'white genocide' politics for Australia". The Sydney Morning Herald. August 12, 2018.
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(help) - ^ *Kaplan, Jeffrey (2000). Encyclopedia of White Power: A Sourcebook on the Radical Racist Right. AltaMira Press. p. 539. ISBN 9780742503403. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
- "'White Genocide' Billboard Removed". NBC News. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
- Eager, Paige Whaley (2013). From Freedom Fighters to Terrorists: Women and Political Violence. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 90. ISBN 9781409498575.
- ^ a b Kivisto, Peter; Rundblad, Georganne (2000). Multiculturalism in the United States: Current Issues, Contemporary Voices. SAGE Knowledge. pp. 57–60. ISBN 9780761986485. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
- ^ a b c d "The scary ideology behind Trump's immigration instincts". Vox Media. June 18, 2018.
- ^ a b c "The dangerous myth of 'white genocide' in South Africa". Southern Poverty Law Center. August 23, 2018.
- ^ a b c Saslow, Eli (September 2018). Rising out of hatred: the awakening of a former white nationalist. Penguin Random House. ISBN 0385542879.
- ^ a b c d e f g Marcotte, Amanda (August 27, 2018). "Donald Trump's "white genocide" rhetoric: A dangerous escalation of racism". Salon.
- ^ a b c d DeVega, Chauncy (September 5, 2018). "Author and activist Tim Wise: 'The Republican Party is a white identity cult'". Salon.
- ^ a b Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta (February 16, 2018). "The White Power Presidency: Race and Class in the Trump Era". New Political Science. 40 (1): 103–112. doi:10.1080/07393148.2018.1420555.
- ^ a b Perry, Barbara (November 2003). "'White Genocide': White Supremacists and the Politics of Reproduction". In Ferber, Abby L. (ed.). Home-grown hate: gender and organized racism. Routledge. pp. 75–95. ISBN 0415944155.
- ^ "Billboard from 'white genocide' group goes up in Ala". Retrieved July 8, 2016.
- ^ Underwood, Madison (June 30, 2014). "Where does that billboard phrase, 'Anti-racist is a code word for anti-white,' come from? It's not new". AL.com. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
- ^ Byng, Rhonesha (November 7, 2013). "Arkansas Town Responds To Controversial 'Anti-Racist Is A Code Word For Anti-White' Sign". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
- ^ Dr. Friedrich Burgdörfer: "Sterben die weißen Völker? Die Zukunft der weißen und farbigen Völker im Lichte der biologischen Statistik," Munich, Callwey, 1934, 88 pages.
- ^ a b "Day of the trope: White nationalist memes thrive on Reddit's r/The_Donald". Southern Poverty Law Center. April 19, 2018.
- ^ a b c "Why the alt-right want to call Australia home". Overland (magazine). July 18, 2018.
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(help) - ^ a b "Meet the Snowflakes Who Are the New Face of Race Hate". Vice Media. March 12, 2018.
- ^ U.S. President Donald Trump's White genocide conspiracy theory tweet: "I have asked Secretary of State @SecPompeo to closely study the South Africa land and farm seizures and expropriations and the large scale killing of farmers. South African Government is now seizing land from white farmers @TuckerCarlson @FoxNews"
- ^ a b "South Africa blasts Trump over racially divisive tweet". Associated Press. August 23, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e "'Dangerous and poisoned': Critics blast Trump for endorsing white nationalist conspiracy theory on South Africa". The Washington Post. August 23, 2018.
- ^ a b c d "Trump Echoes Neo-Nazi Propaganda About South Africa (That He Heard on Fox News)". New York (magazine). August 23, 2018.
White nationalists in the West love the idea that their 'people' are facing imminent threat of oppression and/or genocide. This fantasy serves to justify white supremacy, by positing white dominance as the only alternative to white subjugation.
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(help) - ^ "'Castrate their corpses', professor says of GOP senators. White 'genocide!' Tucker Carlson cries". The Washington Post. October 2, 2018.
Carlson had been flogging the issue of land seizures in South Africa – a known proxy issue for those who believe in 'white genocide'.
- ^ a b "Trump under fire for claim of 'large scale killing' of white farmers in South Africa". NBC News. August 23, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e "Trump's tweet echoing white nationalist propaganda about South African farmers, explained". Vox. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wilson, Jason (August 24, 2018). "White farmers: how a far-right idea was planted in Donald Trump's mind". The Guardian. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
...South Africa and Zimbabwe in particular have exerted a fascination on the racist far right because in the mind of white nationalists, they show what happens to a white minority after they lose control of countries they once ruled.
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(help) - ^ Paul, Diane; Stenhouse, John; Spencer, Hamish (2018). Eugenics at the Edges of Empire: New Zealand, Australia, Canada and South Africa. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-319-64685-5.
- ^ Serwer, Adam (April 2019). "White Nationalism's Deep American Roots". The Atlantic. Retrieved March 24, 2019.
- ^ Kühl, Stefan (2002). Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism. Oxford University Press. p. 85.
- ^ a b c d e f g Gaston, Sophia (November 2018). "Out of the Shadows: Conspiracy Thinking on Immigration" (PDF). The Henry Jackson Society.
- ^ Coudenhove-Kalergi, Richard Nikolaus (1925). Praktischer Idealismus [Practical Idealism] (in German). Wien-Leipzig: Pan-Europa-Verlag. pp. 22–23. UBR069031840355. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
- ^ Cefkin, J. Leo (February 10, 1966). "How Long Can Rhodesia Last?". The Reporter. p. 44.
Smith faces the trials ahead with some considerable assets. Perhaps his most potent support lies in the siege mentality of the white Rhodesians. For the present, Smith has succeeded in convincing them that the only choice is the Rhodesian Front and UDI or black African dictatorship and white genocide.
- ^ a b c Murphy, Dan (June 15, 2015). "Why would an American white supremacist be fond of Rhodesia?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
- ^ a b Feshami, Kevan A. (September 6, 2017). "Fear of White Genocide". Lapham's Quarterly. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
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(help) - ^ Novick, Michael (1995). White Lies, White Power: The Fight Against White Supremacy and Reactionary Violence. Common Courage Press. p. 155. ISBN 9781567510508.
- ^ a b Berger, J. M. "How 'The Turner Diaries' Changed White Nationalism". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
The manifesto itself was soon reduced to the simple phrase 'white genocide', which proliferated at the start of the 21st century and has become the overwhelmingly dominant meme of modern white nationalism.
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(help) - ^ Dessem, Matthew (December 26, 2016). "Drexel University, Apparently Unfamiliar With White Supremacist Lingo, Censures Prof For 'White Genocide' Tweet". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
Although it's difficult to date precisely, white supremacist publishing houses being somewhat less reliable than Simon & Schuster, that honor probably belongs to the late David Lane, terrorist, white supremacist, and author of an execrable little essay called 'White Genocide Manifesto'.
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(help) - ^ Stack, Liam (August 15, 2017). "Alt-Right, Alt-Left, Antifa: A Glossary of Extremist Language". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f Jackson, Paul (May 1, 2015). "'White genocide': Postwar fascism and the ideological value of evoking existential conflicts". The Routledge History of Genocide. Routledge. pp. 207–226. ISBN 9781317514848.
Duke's current website hosts a variety of essays that develop the idea that white people are being subjected to a genocide. Again we see a key linkage here between raising the idea of a white genocide and decrying liberal political ideals. In one such essay, 'The Genocide of the White Race is Promoted by Liberals', the point is set out as follows: ... The actions being taken by liberal governments to force non-White into every White nation will eventually eliminate the White race itself.
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Alt Right: A Primer about the New White Supremacy". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
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- ^ a b Carmichael, Cathie; Maguire, Richard (May 1, 2015). The Routledge History of Genocide. Routledge. p. 215. ISBN 978-1-317-51484-8.
- ^ Waltman, Michael; Haas, John (2011). The Communication of Hate. Peter Lang Publishing. p. 27. ISBN 9781433104473. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
Race categories are organized hierarchically to reflect differences that are inherent in the essence of these categories. These differences justify and underlie the hostility that is expressed toward inferior groups. This hostility further fuels the drive for racial purity. 'Race-mixing' is treated as genocide and is understood to be the goal of all non-whites.
- ^
- King, Richard; Leonard, David. Beyond Hate: White Power and Popular Culture. Ashgate Publishing. p. 100.
Jesse Daniels argues that white nationalists discursively link Jews and their purported promotion of race mixing through their control of the media with their goal to commit 'the genocide of the white race'
- Ferber, Abby (1999). White Man Falling: Race, Gender, and White Supremacy. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 124.
According to White Power article entitled 'Jews Planning White Genocide', 'world Jewry's chilling Final Solution [is] the physical and spiritual genocide of the White race they despise'
- King, Richard; Leonard, David. Beyond Hate: White Power and Popular Culture. Ashgate Publishing. p. 100.
- ^ Bridges, Tyler (1994). The Rise of David Duke. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 23.
Duke believed Jews were engaged in a conspiracy to weaken the white race by using the media to promote integration and race mixing ... race mixing, Duke believed, meant white genocide
- ^
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A Jew is effectively in uniform. He is a Jew and he would therefore be very happy if all the white Goyim disappeared from the earth. The only problem is that white gentiles refuse to understand that every word Jews utter about white gentiles is a demand for our end, our genocide, our termination
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Unlike many other white supremacists, Taylor is not anti-Semitic, and in fact encourages Jews to join his fight ... however many within the white supremacist/anti-immigration movement disagree with Taylor, most notably David Duke, and he has been under tremendous pressure to break ties with the Jewish community. Taylor, at least for now, has refused to submit to this pressure and continues to work with Jews to further his platform.
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Further reading
- Pogue, James (March 28, 2019). "The Myth of White Genocide: An unfinished civil war inspires a global delusion". Harper's Magazine.