Viewmont Viking (talk | contribs) Undid revision 1167061696 by SBD091 (talk) Sockpuppetry for an article that has been around for years. If you have proof take it to the Sockpuppet notification page Tags: Removed redirect Undo Reverted |
Underbar dk (talk | contribs) m user has been reverting and removing sourced material with misleading edit summaries suggesting non-existant banned users and to explanations that don't apply to their reverts Tags: Removed redirect Rollback |
||
(17 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Ming dynasty era name (1573–1620)}} |
{{Short description|Ming dynasty era name (1573–1620)}} |
||
{{about|the era name of Zhu Yijun, the Ming dynasty emperor|the emperor who used this era name|Wanli Emperor}} |
|||
'''Wanli''' ({{zh|t=萬曆|s=万历|p=Wànlì|w=Wan-li|l=ten thousand calendars}}; 2 February 1573 – 27 August 1620; [[Qing dynasty]] avoided the [[naming taboo]] of Hongli 弘曆, the [[Qianlong Emperor]], and wrote 曆 as 歷, 厯, 厤) was the [[Chinese era name|era name]] (''nianhao'') of the [[Wanli Emperor]], the 14th emperor of [[Ming dynasty]]. The Wanli era lasted for 48 years, making it the longest era of the Ming. During the early years of the Wanli era, [[Zhang Juzheng]] implemented a series of reform measures that resulted in continuous social and economic development and military victories, and the imperial court showed a restoration atmosphere. This period of prosperity became known as the "Wanli Restoration" (萬曆中興). However, a dispute over succession (國本之爭) arose, and the Wanli Emperor was prevented by his powerful advisors from naming his beloved son as [[crown prince]]. In a fit of anger, he refused to attend court for thirty years, resulting in a period of neglect known as the "Wanli's negligence" (萬曆怠政). During this time, factionalism among government officials was allowed to rise, leading to the Donglin factional strife (東林黨爭) and the use of the Three Cases of the Late Ming (明末三案) to further their own agendas. These actions ultimately contributed to the downfall of the Ming dynasty. |
|||
{{Infobox Chinese |
|||
|title = Wanli |
|||
|pic= |
|||
|picsize= |
|||
|piccap= |
|||
|t=萬曆 |
|||
|s=万历 |
|||
|p=Wànlì |
|||
|w=Wan-li |
|||
|l="ten thousand calendars" |
|||
}} |
|||
⚫ | On 28 August 1620 (Wanli 48, 1st day of the 8th month), the [[Taichang Emperor]] ascended to the throne and continued to use the Wanli era name. The following year, the era was changed to [[Taichang (era)|Taichang]]. However, the Taichang Emperor died on 26 September (1st day of the 9th month) and reigned for only 30 days. On 1 October (6th day of the 9th month), the [[Tianqi Emperor]] ascended to the throne, and on 25 October (20th day of the 9th month), he issued an edict to change the era to "the first year of the Taichang era" from "the 8th month of the 48th year of the Wanli era" onwards, and the following year, the era was changed to [[Tianqi (era)|Tianqi]].<ref>''History of Ming'', Volume 21: "〔萬曆〕四十八年七月,神宗崩。……八月丙午朔,即皇帝位。大赦天下,以明年為泰昌元年。……熹宗即位,從廷臣議,改萬曆四十八年八月後為泰昌元年。" Volume 22: "〔萬曆四十八年〕九月乙亥,光宗崩,遺詔皇長子嗣皇帝位。……庚辰,即皇帝位。詔赦天下,以明年為天啟元年。"</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://shc2000.sjtu.edu.cn/100919/wangxiaohu.pdf |title=Wang Xiaohu's (汪小虎) "''Da Ming Taichang yuan nian Tatong li''" kao (《大明泰昌元年大统历》考) |access-date=2021-10-24 |archive-date=2021-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024085932/https://shc2000.sjtu.edu.cn/100919/wangxiaohu.pdf }}</ref> |
||
'''Wanli''' (萬曆; 2 February 1573 – 27 August 1620; [[Qing dynasty]] avoided the [[naming taboo]] of Hongli 弘曆, the [[Qianlong Emperor]], and wrote 曆 as 歷, 厯, 厤) was the [[Chinese era name|era name]] of the [[Wanli Emperor]], the 14th emperor of [[Ming dynasty]] of China. The Ming dynasty used this era name for a total of 48 years, which was the longest used era name by the Ming dynasty. |
|||
⚫ | |||
In the early Wanli period, [[Zhang Juzheng]] led the implementation of a series of reform measures; the economy and society continued to develop; the foreign military also won successive victories; and the imperial court showed a restoration atmosphere. It was known in historiography as the "Wanli Restoration" (萬曆中興). Later, due to the succession dispute (國本之爭), the Wanli Emperor was prevented by his ministers from making his beloved son the crown prince, and he was so angry that he did not go to court for thirty years. It was known in historiography as the "Wanli's negligence" (萬曆怠政). During this period, the Wanli Emperor allowed the court officials to fight against each other, and the Donglin factional strife (東林黨爭) emerged; they used the Three Cases of the late Ming dynasty (明末三案) to fight each other, which eventually led to the fall of the Ming dynasty. |
|||
⚫ | On 28 August 1620 (Wanli 48, 1st day of the 8th month), the [[Taichang Emperor]] ascended to the throne and continued to use |
||
⚫ | |||
==Births== |
|||
* '''1578''' (Wanli 6) – [[Shen Defu]], writer (d. 1642) |
|||
* '''1584''' (Wanli 12) – [[Hu Zhengyan]], engraver (d. 1674) |
|||
* '''August 1582''' (Wanli 10, 8th month) – [[Zhu Changluo]], the Taichang Emperor (d. 1620) |
|||
* '''February 1586''' (Wanli 14, 1st month) – [[Zhu Changxun]], [[Prince of Fu (Ming dynasty)|Prince of Fu]] (d. 1641) |
|||
* '''November 1592''' (Wanli 20, 10th month) – [[Hong Taiji]], Emperor Taizong of Qing (d. 1643) |
|||
* '''December 1605''' (Wanli 33, 11th month) – [[Zhu Youjiao]], the Tianqi Emperor (d. 1627) |
|||
* '''April 1608''' (Wanli 36, 3rd month) – [[Jin Shengtan]], literary critic (d. 1661) |
|||
* '''February 1611''' (Wanli 39, 1st month) – [[Zhu Youjian]], the Chongzhen Emperor (d. 1644) |
|||
* '''1627''' (Wanli 45) – Zhu Yongchun (朱用純), educator (d. 1698) |
|||
==Deaths== |
|||
[[File:万历年间的明朝(简).png|right|thumb|200px|{{colorbox|#efaf00}} Orange portion was the territory of the Ming dynasty during the Wanli period]] |
|||
* '''1582''' (Wanli 10) – [[Zhang Juzheng]], politician (b. 1535) |
|||
* '''1587''' (Wanli 15) – [[Hai Rui]], politician (b. 1514) |
|||
* '''1587''' (Wanli 15) – [[Qi Jiguang]], general (b. 1528) |
|||
* '''1593''' (Wanli 21) – [[Li Shizhen]], medical scientist (b. 1518) |
|||
* '''1594''' (Wanli 22) – Liang Chenyu (梁辰魚), playwright (b. 1519) |
|||
* '''1605''' (Wanli 33) – [[Tian Yi]], eunuch (b. 1534) |
|||
* '''1606''' (Wanli 34) – Yuan Huang (袁黃), thinker, author of "[[Liao-Fan's Four Lessons]]" (b. 1533) |
|||
* '''1616''' (Wanli 44) – [[Tang Xianzu]], dramatist (b. 1550) |
|||
==Comparison table== |
==Comparison table== |
||
Line 49: | Line 12: | ||
!Wanli!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!9!!10 |
!Wanli!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!9!!10 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[AD]] |
|||
|1573||1574||1575||1576||1577||1578||1579||1580||1581||1582 |
|1573||1574||1575||1576||1577||1578||1579||1580||1581||1582 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Sexagenary cycle]] |
|||
|Guǐyǒu |
|Guǐyǒu (癸酉)||Jiǎxū (甲戌)||Yǐhài (乙亥)||Bǐngzǐ (丙子)||Dīngchǒu (丁丑)||Wùyín (戊寅)||Jǐmǎo (己卯)||Gēngchén (庚辰)||Xīnsì (辛巳)||Rénwǔ (壬午) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!Wanli!!11!!12!!13!!14!!15!!16!!17!!18!!19!!20 |
!Wanli!!11!!12!!13!!14!!15!!16!!17!!18!!19!!20 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[AD]] |
|||
|1583||1584||1585||1586||1587||1588||1589||1590||1591||1592 |
|1583||1584||1585||1586||1587||1588||1589||1590||1591||1592 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Sexagenary cycle]] |
|||
|Guǐwèi |
|Guǐwèi (癸未)||Jiǎshēn (甲申)||Yǐyǒu (乙酉)||Bǐngxū (丙戌)||Dīnghài (丁亥)||Wùzǐ (戊子)||Jǐchǒu (己丑)||Gēngyín (庚寅)||Xīnmǎo (辛卯)||Rénchén (壬辰) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!Wanli!!21!!22!!23!!24!!25!!26!!27!!28!!29!!30 |
!Wanli!!21!!22!!23!!24!!25!!26!!27!!28!!29!!30 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[AD]] |
|||
|1593||1594||1595||1596||1597||1598||1599||1600||1601||1602 |
|1593||1594||1595||1596||1597||1598||1599||1600||1601||1602 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Sexagenary cycle]] |
|||
|Guǐsì |
|Guǐsì (癸巳)||Jiǎwǔ (甲午)||Yǐwèi (乙未)||Bǐngshēn (丙申)||Dīngyǒu (丁酉)||Wùxū (戊戌)||Jǐhài (己亥)||Gēngzǐ (庚子)||Xīnchǒu (辛丑)||Rényín (壬寅) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!Wanli!!31!!32!!33!!34!!35!!36!!37!!38!!39!!40 |
!Wanli!!31!!32!!33!!34!!35!!36!!37!!38!!39!!40 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[AD]] |
|||
|1603||1604||1605||1606||1607||1608||1609||1610||1611||1612 |
|1603||1604||1605||1606||1607||1608||1609||1610||1611||1612 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Sexagenary cycle]] |
|||
|Guǐmǎo |
|Guǐmǎo (癸卯)||Jiǎchén (甲辰)||Yǐsì (乙巳)||Bǐngwǔ (丙午)||Dīngwèi (丁未)||Wùshēn (戊申)||Jǐyǒu (己酉)||Gēngxū (庚戌)||Xīnhài (辛亥)||Rénzǐ (壬子) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!Wanli!!41!!42!!43!!44!!45!!46!!47!!48 |
!Wanli!!41!!42!!43!!44!!45!!46!!47!!48 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[AD]] |
|||
|1613||1614||1615||1616||1617||1618||1619||1620 |
|1613||1614||1615||1616||1617||1618||1619||1620 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Sexagenary cycle]] |
|||
|Guǐchǒu |
|Guǐchǒu (癸丑)||Jiǎyín (甲寅)||Yǐmǎo (乙卯)||Bǐngchén (丙辰)||Dīngsì (丁巳)||Wùwǔ (戊午)||Jǐwèi (己未)||Gēngshēn (庚申) |
||
|} |
|} |
||
==Other |
==Other regimes' era names that existed during the same period== |
||
* China |
* China |
||
** ''Tianming'' (天命, 1616–1626): [[Later Jin (1616–1636)|Later Jin]] |
** ''Tianming'' (天命, 1616–1626): [[Later Jin (1616–1636)|Later Jin]]—era name of [[Nurhaci]] |
||
** ''Hongwu'' (弘武, 1619): Ming |
** ''Hongwu'' (弘武, 1619): Ming period—era name of Li Xin (李新) |
||
** ''Tianzhenhun'' (天真混, 1619): Ming |
** ''Tianzhenhun'' (天真混, 1619): Ming period—era name of Li Wen (李文) |
||
* Vietnam |
* Vietnam |
||
** ''Gia Thái'' (嘉泰, 1573–1577): [[Lê dynasty|Later Lê dynasty]] |
** ''Gia Thái'' (嘉泰, 1573–1577): [[Lê dynasty|Later Lê dynasty]]—era name of [[Lê Thế Tông]] |
||
** ''Quang Hưng'' (光興, 1578–1599): Later Lê |
** ''Quang Hưng'' (光興, 1578–1599): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Thế Tông |
||
** ''Thận Đức'' (慎德, 1600): Later Lê |
** ''Thận Đức'' (慎德, 1600): Later Lê dynasty—era name of [[Lê Kính Tông]] |
||
** ''Hoằng Định'' (弘定, 1600–1619): Later Lê |
** ''Hoằng Định'' (弘定, 1600–1619): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Kính Tông |
||
** ''Vĩnh Tộ'' (永祚, 1619–1629): Later Lê |
** ''Vĩnh Tộ'' (永祚, 1619–1629): Later Lê dynasty—era name of [[Lê Thần Tông]] |
||
** ''Sùng Khang'' (崇康, 1568–1578): [[Mạc dynasty]] |
** ''Sùng Khang'' (崇康, 1568–1578): [[Mạc dynasty]]—era name of [[Mạc Mậu Hợp]] |
||
** ''Diên Thành'' (延成, 1578–1585): Mạc |
** ''Diên Thành'' (延成, 1578–1585): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp |
||
** ''Đoan Thái'' (端泰, 1585–1588): Mạc |
** ''Đoan Thái'' (端泰, 1585–1588): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp |
||
** ''Hưng Trị'' (興治, 1588–1591): Mạc |
** ''Hưng Trị'' (興治, 1588–1591): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp |
||
** ''Hồng Ninh'' (洪寧, 1591–1592): Mạc |
** ''Hồng Ninh'' (洪寧, 1591–1592): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp |
||
** ''Vũ An'' (武安, 1592): Mạc |
** ''Vũ An'' (武安, 1592): Mạc dynasty—era name of [[Mạc Toàn]] |
||
** ''Bảo Định'' (寶定, 1592): Mạc |
** ''Bảo Định'' (寶定, 1592): Mạc dynasty—era name of [[Mạc Kính Chỉ]] |
||
** ''Khang Hựu'' (康佑, 1593): Mạc |
** ''Khang Hựu'' (康佑, 1593): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Kính Chỉ |
||
** ''Càn Thống'' (乾統, 1593–1625): Mạc |
** ''Càn Thống'' (乾統, 1593–1625): Mạc dynasty—era name of [[Mạc Kính Cung]] |
||
** ''Long Thái'' (隆泰, 1618–1625): Mạc |
** ''Long Thái'' (隆泰, 1618–1625): Mạc dynasty—era name of [[Mạc Kính Khoan]] |
||
** ''La Bình'' (羅平, 1594): Later Lê |
** ''La Bình'' (羅平, 1594): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Vũ Đăng (武登) |
||
** ''Phúc Đức'' (福德, 1596–1597): Later Lê |
** ''Phúc Đức'' (福德, 1596–1597): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Nguyễn Đương Minh (阮當明) |
||
** ''Đại Đức'' (大德, 1595–1597): Later Lê |
** ''Đại Đức'' (大德, 1595–1597): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Nguyễn Minh Trí (阮明智) |
||
* Japan |
* Japan |
||
** ''[[Genki (era)|Genki]]'' (元亀, 1570–1573): era name of [[Emperor Ōgimachi]] |
** ''[[Genki (era)|Genki]]'' (元亀, 1570–1573): era name of [[Emperor Ōgimachi]] |
||
Line 126: | Line 89: | ||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
||
== |
==Bibliography== |
||
*{{ |
* {{cite book|first=Chongzhi|last=Li|title=中國歷代年號考|trans-title=Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao|language=Chinese|year=December 2004|publisher=Zhonghua Book Co.|location=Beijing|isbn=7101025129}} |
||
*{{ |
* {{cite book|first=Hongbo|last=Deng|title=東亞歷史年表|trans-title=Chronology of East Asian History|language=Chinese|url=http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm|year=March 2005|access-date=26 November 2021|archive-date=25 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825002742/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm|publisher=National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures|location=Taipei|isbn=9789860005189}} |
||
{{s-start}} |
{{s-start}} |
||
{{succession box |
{{succession box |
||
| before = [[Longqing]] |
| before = [[Longqing]] |
||
| title = Ming dynasty [[Chinese era name| |
| title = [[Ming dynasty]] [[Chinese era name|era name]] |
||
| years = 1573–1620 |
| years = 1573–1620 |
||
| after = [[Taichang (era)|Taichang]] |
| after = [[Taichang (era)|Taichang]] |
Latest revision as of 07:27, 31 March 2024
Wanli (simplified Chinese: 万历; traditional Chinese: 萬曆; pinyin: Wànlì; Wade–Giles: Wan-li; lit. 'ten thousand calendars'; 2 February 1573 – 27 August 1620; Qing dynasty avoided the naming taboo of Hongli 弘曆, the Qianlong Emperor, and wrote 曆 as 歷, 厯, 厤) was the era name (nianhao) of the Wanli Emperor, the 14th emperor of Ming dynasty. The Wanli era lasted for 48 years, making it the longest era of the Ming. During the early years of the Wanli era, Zhang Juzheng implemented a series of reform measures that resulted in continuous social and economic development and military victories, and the imperial court showed a restoration atmosphere. This period of prosperity became known as the "Wanli Restoration" (萬曆中興). However, a dispute over succession (國本之爭) arose, and the Wanli Emperor was prevented by his powerful advisors from naming his beloved son as crown prince. In a fit of anger, he refused to attend court for thirty years, resulting in a period of neglect known as the "Wanli's negligence" (萬曆怠政). During this time, factionalism among government officials was allowed to rise, leading to the Donglin factional strife (東林黨爭) and the use of the Three Cases of the Late Ming (明末三案) to further their own agendas. These actions ultimately contributed to the downfall of the Ming dynasty.
On 28 August 1620 (Wanli 48, 1st day of the 8th month), the Taichang Emperor ascended to the throne and continued to use the Wanli era name. The following year, the era was changed to Taichang. However, the Taichang Emperor died on 26 September (1st day of the 9th month) and reigned for only 30 days. On 1 October (6th day of the 9th month), the Tianqi Emperor ascended to the throne, and on 25 October (20th day of the 9th month), he issued an edict to change the era to "the first year of the Taichang era" from "the 8th month of the 48th year of the Wanli era" onwards, and the following year, the era was changed to Tianqi.[1][2]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Chinese_migrants_in_the_Philippines.png/220px-Chinese_migrants_in_the_Philippines.png)
Comparison table
Wanli | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AD | 1573 | 1574 | 1575 | 1576 | 1577 | 1578 | 1579 | 1580 | 1581 | 1582 |
Sexagenary cycle | Guǐyǒu (癸酉) | Jiǎxū (甲戌) | Yǐhài (乙亥) | Bǐngzǐ (丙子) | Dīngchǒu (丁丑) | Wùyín (戊寅) | Jǐmǎo (己卯) | Gēngchén (庚辰) | Xīnsì (辛巳) | Rénwǔ (壬午) |
Wanli | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
AD | 1583 | 1584 | 1585 | 1586 | 1587 | 1588 | 1589 | 1590 | 1591 | 1592 |
Sexagenary cycle | Guǐwèi (癸未) | Jiǎshēn (甲申) | Yǐyǒu (乙酉) | Bǐngxū (丙戌) | Dīnghài (丁亥) | Wùzǐ (戊子) | Jǐchǒu (己丑) | Gēngyín (庚寅) | Xīnmǎo (辛卯) | Rénchén (壬辰) |
Wanli | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
AD | 1593 | 1594 | 1595 | 1596 | 1597 | 1598 | 1599 | 1600 | 1601 | 1602 |
Sexagenary cycle | Guǐsì (癸巳) | Jiǎwǔ (甲午) | Yǐwèi (乙未) | Bǐngshēn (丙申) | Dīngyǒu (丁酉) | Wùxū (戊戌) | Jǐhài (己亥) | Gēngzǐ (庚子) | Xīnchǒu (辛丑) | Rényín (壬寅) |
Wanli | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 |
AD | 1603 | 1604 | 1605 | 1606 | 1607 | 1608 | 1609 | 1610 | 1611 | 1612 |
Sexagenary cycle | Guǐmǎo (癸卯) | Jiǎchén (甲辰) | Yǐsì (乙巳) | Bǐngwǔ (丙午) | Dīngwèi (丁未) | Wùshēn (戊申) | Jǐyǒu (己酉) | Gēngxū (庚戌) | Xīnhài (辛亥) | Rénzǐ (壬子) |
Wanli | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | ||
AD | 1613 | 1614 | 1615 | 1616 | 1617 | 1618 | 1619 | 1620 | ||
Sexagenary cycle | Guǐchǒu (癸丑) | Jiǎyín (甲寅) | Yǐmǎo (乙卯) | Bǐngchén (丙辰) | Dīngsì (丁巳) | Wùwǔ (戊午) | Jǐwèi (己未) | Gēngshēn (庚申) |
Other regimes' era names that existed during the same period
- China
- Vietnam
- Gia Thái (嘉泰, 1573–1577): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Thế Tông
- Quang Hưng (光興, 1578–1599): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Thế Tông
- Thận Đức (慎德, 1600): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Kính Tông
- Hoằng Định (弘定, 1600–1619): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Kính Tông
- Vĩnh Tộ (永祚, 1619–1629): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Sùng Khang (崇康, 1568–1578): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
- Diên Thành (延成, 1578–1585): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
- Đoan Thái (端泰, 1585–1588): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
- Hưng Trị (興治, 1588–1591): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
- Hồng Ninh (洪寧, 1591–1592): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
- Vũ An (武安, 1592): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Toàn
- Bảo Định (寶定, 1592): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Kính Chỉ
- Khang Hựu (康佑, 1593): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Kính Chỉ
- Càn Thống (乾統, 1593–1625): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Kính Cung
- Long Thái (隆泰, 1618–1625): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Kính Khoan
- La Bình (羅平, 1594): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Vũ Đăng (武登)
- Phúc Đức (福德, 1596–1597): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Nguyễn Đương Minh (阮當明)
- Đại Đức (大德, 1595–1597): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Nguyễn Minh Trí (阮明智)
- Japan
- Genki (元亀, 1570–1573): era name of Emperor Ōgimachi
- Tenshō (天正, 1573–1592): era name of Emperor Ōgimachi and Emperor Go-Yōzei
- Bunroku (文禄, 1592–1596): era name of Emperor Go-Yōzei
- Keichō (慶長, 1596–1615): era name of Emperor Go-Yōzei and Emperor Go-Mizunoo
- Genna (元和, 1615–1624): era name of Emperor Go-Mizunoo
See also
References
- ^ History of Ming, Volume 21: "〔萬曆〕四十八年七月,神宗崩。……八月丙午朔,即皇帝位。大赦天下,以明年為泰昌元年。……熹宗即位,從廷臣議,改萬曆四十八年八月後為泰昌元年。" Volume 22: "〔萬曆四十八年〕九月乙亥,光宗崩,遺詔皇長子嗣皇帝位。……庚辰,即皇帝位。詔赦天下,以明年為天啟元年。"
- ^ "Wang Xiaohu's (汪小虎) "Da Ming Taichang yuan nian Tatong li" kao (《大明泰昌元年大统历》考)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-10-24. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
Bibliography
- Li, Chongzhi (December 2004). 中國歷代年號考 [Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co. ISBN 7101025129.
- Deng, Hongbo (March 2005). 東亞歷史年表 [Chronology of East Asian History] (in Chinese). Taipei: National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures. ISBN 9789860005189. Archived from the original on 25 August 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2021.