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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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|official_name = Växjö, Sweden |
|official_name = Växjö, Sweden |
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|area_total_km2 = 30.28 |
|area_total_km2 = 30.28 |
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|population_as_of = 31 December 2015 |
|population_as_of = 31 December 2015 |
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|population_footnotes = <ref name=scb/> |
|population_footnotes = <ref name=scb /> |
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|population_total = 65345 |
|population_total = 65345 |
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|population_metro = 88108 |
|population_metro = 88108 |
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|population_density_km2 = 2011 |
|population_density_km2 = 2011 |
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'''Växjö''' ({{IPA-sv|²vɛkːɧøː|}}) is a [[Urban areas in Sweden|city]] and the seat of [[Växjö Municipality]], [[Kronoberg County]], [[Sweden]]. It had 63,479 inhabitants {{As of|2013|lc=y}},<ref name="scb"/> out of a [[Municipalities of Sweden|municipal]] population of 85,000. It is the administrative, cultural and industrial centre of [[Kronoberg County]] and the [[episcopal see]] of the [[Diocese of Växjö]]. The town is home to [[Linnaeus University]]. |
'''Växjö''' ({{IPA-sv|²vɛkːɧøː|}}) is a [[Urban areas in Sweden|city]] and the seat of [[Växjö Municipality]], [[Kronoberg County]], [[Sweden]]. It had 63,479 inhabitants {{As of|2013|lc=y}},<ref name="scb" /> out of a [[Municipalities of Sweden|municipal]] population of 85,000. It is the administrative, cultural, and industrial centre of [[Kronoberg County]] and the [[episcopal see]] of the [[Diocese of Växjö]]. The town is home to [[Linnaeus University]]. |
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==Etymology== |
== Etymology == |
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The city's name is believed to be constructed from the words "väg" (road) and "sjö" (lake), meaning the road over the frozen [[Växjö Lake]] that farmers |
The city's name is believed to be constructed from the words "väg" (road) and "sjö" (lake), meaning the road over the frozen [[Växjö Lake]] that farmers used in the winter to get to the marketplace which later became the city. |
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==History== |
== History == |
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[[File:Växjö domkyrka 2007.jpg|thumb|left|[[Växjö Cathedral]]]] |
[[File:Växjö domkyrka 2007.jpg|thumb|left|[[Växjö Cathedral]]]] |
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In contrast to what was believed a century ago,<ref>{{cite book|chapterurl=http://runeberg.org/nfcm/0257.html |chapter=Växjö |title=[[Nordisk Familjebok]] |year=1922 }}</ref> there is no evidence of a special pre-Christian significance of the site. The [[Heathen hofs|pagan cultic center]] of [[Värend]] may have been located at Hov, a nearby village.<ref>{{cite book |author=Lars-Olof Larson |chapter=Land och län under kristendomen millennium |title=Landen kring sjöarna |year=1999 |ISBN=91-86870-10-6 |page=69}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Martin Hanson |title=Det medeltida Småland |
In contrast to what was believed a century ago,<ref>{{cite book|chapterurl=http://runeberg.org/nfcm/0257.html |chapter=Växjö |title=[[Nordisk Familjebok]] |year=1922 }}</ref> there is no evidence of a special pre-Christian significance of the site. The [[Heathen hofs|pagan cultic center]] of [[Värend]] may have been located at Hov, a nearby village.<ref>{{cite book |author=Lars-Olof Larson |chapter=Land och län under kristendomen millennium |title=Landen kring sjöarna |year=1999 |ISBN=91-86870-10-6 |page=69}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Martin Hanson |title=Det medeltida Småland – en arkeologisk guidebok |page=137 |year=2007 |ISBN=978-91-85377-93-0}}</ref> |
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An [[episcopal see]] since the 12th{{nbsp}}century, the city did not get its city charter until 1342, when it was issued by [[Magnus IV of Sweden|Magnus Eriksson]]. During the Middle Ages, Växjö did not have many pious institutions. A [[Franciscan]] monastery was established in 1485. An [[Order of the Holy Ghost|hospital of the Holy Ghost]] was first mentioned in 1318. In the 14th century Växjö got its first school, [[Växjö katedralskola]]. In 1643 it received [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] status. |
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At the beginning of [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Eriksson's]] war of liberation, the peasantry joined forces under the guidance of the union-hostile bishop Ingemar Pedersson, the mountain men and |
At the beginning of [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Eriksson's]] war of liberation, the peasantry joined forces, under the guidance of the union-hostile bishop Ingemar Pedersson, with the mountain men and peasantry of [[Dalarna]], [[Hälsingland]], and [[Gästrikland]], who urged fidelity to their leader Gustav Eriksson. During a peasant uprising called the [[Dacke War]], the city was under the authority of [[Nils Dacke]] and his supporters, especially David Santander, from the summer of 1542 until after New Year 1543. |
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⚫ | Several times during the [[Northern Wars]] and the [[Scanian War]]s, and thereafter, the city was affected by fire (in 1277, 1516, 1570, 1612, 1658, 1690, 1749, 1753, 1799, 1838 and 1843). After the last fire in 1843, when 1,140 citizens were rendered homeless, Växjö received its current street plan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://runeberg.org/nfcm/0258.html |title=459-460 (Nordisk familjebok / Uggleupplagan. 33. Väderlek – Äänekoski) |publisher=Runeberg.org |date= |accessdate=1 December 2012}}</ref> |
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During the [[Dacke War]], a peasant uprising, the city was under the authority of [[Nils Dacke]] and his supporters, especially David Santander, from the summer of 1542 until after New Year 1543. |
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⚫ | Several times during the [[Northern Wars]] |
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Växjö is the city in which the famous "''[[A Woman Hitting a Neo-Nazi With Her Handbag|Kvinnan med handväskan]]''" photograph was taken in 1985 by Hans Runesson. |
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[[File:Växjö from plane.JPG|300px|thumb|Växjö surrounded by lakes as seen from an [[Airplane|aeroplane]] moving between [[Norway]] and [[Poland]].]] |
[[File:Växjö from plane.JPG|300px|thumb|Växjö surrounded by lakes as seen from an [[Airplane|aeroplane]] moving between [[Norway]] and [[Poland]]. West is up in the image.]] |
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==Demography== |
== Demography == |
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{{historical populations |
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{| |
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| align=none | cols = 2 |
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|- |
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| 1960 |22784 |
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| valign="top" | |
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| 1965 |29354 |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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| 1970 |39019 |
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|- |
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| 1975 |40328 |
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! style="background:#efefef;" | '''Year''' |
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| 1980 |42632 |
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! style="background:#efefef;" | '''Population''' |
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|- |
| 1985 |- |
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| 1990 |46735 |
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| 1960 || style="text-align:right;"|22 784 |
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| 1995 |49865 |
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|- |
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| 2000 |51790 |
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| 1965 || style="text-align:right;"|29 354 |
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| 2005 |55600 |
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|- |
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| 2010 |60887 |
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| 1970 || style="text-align:right;"|39 019 |
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| 2015 |65345 |
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|- |
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⚫ | |||
| 1975 || style="text-align:right;"|40 328 |
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⚫ | |||
|- |
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| 1980 || style="text-align:right;"|42 632 |
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|- |
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| 1985 || style="text-align:right;"|- |
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|- |
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| 1990 || style="text-align:right;"|46 735 |
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|- |
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| 1995 || style="text-align:right;"|49 865 |
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|- |
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| 2000 || style="text-align:right;"|51 790 |
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|- |
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| 2005 || style="text-align:right;"|55 600 |
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|- |
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| 2010 || style="text-align:right;"|60 887 |
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|- |
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| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"|65 345 |
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⚫ | |||
|} |
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==Environmental policy== |
== Environmental policy == |
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In 1996 the city adopted a policy |
In 1996 the city adopted a policy for the elimination of the use of fossil fuels by 2030.<ref>{{cite news |
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|url= http://www.thelocal.se/20140124/the-swedish-city-touted-as-europes-greenest |
|url= http://www.thelocal.se/20140124/the-swedish-city-touted-as-europes-greenest |
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|title= The Swedish city touted as 'Europe's greenest' |
|title= The Swedish city touted as 'Europe's greenest' |
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|publisher= [[The Local]] |
|publisher= [[The Local]] |
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|date= |
|date= 24 January 2014 |accessdate= 15 October 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
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|url= https://www.theguardian.com/public-leaders-network/2015/jul/06/european-cities-clean-energy-governments-eu-climate-targets |
|url= https://www.theguardian.com/public-leaders-network/2015/jul/06/european-cities-clean-energy-governments-eu-climate-targets |
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|title= The European cities moving faster on clean energy than their governments |
|title= The European cities moving faster on clean energy than their governments |
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|publisher= The Guardian |
|publisher= The Guardian |
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|date= 2015 |
|date= 6 July 2015 |accessdate= 15 October 2015 }}</ref> This decision was taken in reaction to pollution and [[eutrophication]] in the lakes that surround the town. [[Greenhouse gas]] emissions were cut by 41% from 1993 to 2011, and were reduced by 55% by 2015. The city's economy has grown during this time.<ref>{{cite news |
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|url= http://www.csrwire.com/csrlive/commentary_detail/4785-Zero-Net-Emissions-With-Economic-Growth-Europe-s-Greenest-City-Shows-the-Way |
|url= http://www.csrwire.com/csrlive/commentary_detail/4785-Zero-Net-Emissions-With-Economic-Growth-Europe-s-Greenest-City-Shows-the-Way |
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|title= Zero Net Emissions With Economic Growth? Europe's Greenest City Shows the Way |
|title= Zero Net Emissions With Economic Growth? Europe's Greenest City Shows the Way |
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|publisher= CSRwire |
|publisher= CSRwire |
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|date= 2011 |
|date= 6 July 2011 |accessdate= 15 October 2015 }}</ref> |
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By 2014, Växjö's CO2 emissions had dropped to 2.4 |
By 2014, Växjö's CO2 emissions had dropped to 2.4{{nbsp}}tonnes per capita, well below the [[European Union|EU]] average of 7.3{{nbsp}}tonnes.<ref>{{cite news |
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|url= https://sweden.se/society/7-examples-of-sustainability-in-sweden/ |
|url= https://sweden.se/society/7-examples-of-sustainability-in-sweden/ |
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|title= 7 examples of sustainability in Sweden |
|title= 7 examples of sustainability in Sweden |
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|publisher= [[Swedish Institute]] |
|publisher= [[Swedish Institute]] |
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|date= |
|date= 24 September 2015 |accessdate= 15 October 2015 }}</ref> |
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==Notable locations== |
== Notable locations == |
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The city has three municipality-run [[secondary school]]s ("gymnasiums") |
The city has three municipality-run [[secondary school]]s ("gymnasiums"): [[Teknikum]], [[Katedralskolan, Växjö]], and [[Kungsmadskolan]]. [[Linnaeus University]] had a student body of 42,000 students {{As of|2012|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kalmar.se/Kalmar%20kommun/Demokrati/Statistik/Bostader/Nyhetsbrev/Farre_studenter_till_2015.pdf|title=Färre studenter till 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=kalmar.se|publisher=Kalmar municipality|access-date=19 November 2016}}</ref> |
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Industries include [[Alstom]] and [[Aerotech Telub]], as well as [[Volvo Articulated Haulers]] located in Braås {{convert|29|km|0|abbr=off}} north of Växjö. One of the |
Industries include [[Alstom]] and [[Aerotech Telub]], as well as [[Volvo Articulated Haulers]] which is located in Braås {{convert|29|km|0|abbr=off}}, north of Växjö. One of the best-known service providers is [[Visma]]. Växjö houses Sweden's National Glass Museum <ref>[http://www.smalandsmuseum.se/engelska/eng_frameset.htm]{{dead link|date=February 2017}} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403051821/http://www.smalandsmuseum.se/engelska/eng_frameset.htm |date=3 April 2009 }}</ref> and claims to be the capital of the "[[Kingdom of Crystal]]" <ref>[http://www.glasriket.se/Valkom/V_RamE.htm]{{dead link|date=February 2017}} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051023224850/http://www.glasriket.se/Valkom/V_RamE.htm |date=23 October 2005 }}</ref> as well as of the "[[Kingdom of Furniture]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lammhult.se |title=Lammhult |publisher=Lammhult.se |date= |accessdate=1 December 2012}}</ref> |
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The [[Swedish Emigrant Institute]] <ref>[http://www.swemi.nu/eng/ |
The [[Swedish Emigrant Institute]] <ref>[http://www.swemi.nu/eng/]{{dead link|date=February 2017}} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050826140702/http://www.swemi.nu/eng/ |date=26 August 2005 }}</ref> was established in 1965 and is housed in the House of Emigrants near Växjö Lake in the heart of the city. It contains archives, a library, a museum, and a research center relating to the [[emigration]] period between 1846 and 1930, when 1.3{{nbsp}}million (or 20%) of the Swedish population emigrated, mainly to the [[United States]]. Archives dating to the 17th{{nbsp}}century contain birth and death records, as well as household records, that are available on microfiche. |
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Immediately north of Växjö is [[Kronoberg Castle]], a ruined [[fortress]] constructed in the 15th |
Immediately north of Växjö is [[Kronoberg Castle]], a ruined [[fortress]] constructed in the 15th{{nbsp}}century. This castle was used as a base by the rebel, [[Nils Dacke]], during the [[Dacke War]]. The fortress has thick walls and [[artillery]] [[Portal (architecture)|portals]] that face north towards [[lake Helgasjön]]. [[Teleborg Castle]] is also located near the city. It was built near the [[Linnaeus University]] in the year 1900 as a morning (wedding) gift. Teleborg Castle now functions as a hotel and conference facility. |
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Since 2016, Fortnox Arena has held a video game [[speedrunning]] event in July. The event aims to raise money for the [[Save the Children]] charitable foundation. Over 400 attendees are expected to turn up for ESA 2017.<ref name="esa2">{{cite web|title=European Speedrunner Assembly|url=http://www.esamarathon.com/|website=European Speedrunner Assembly|accessdate=18 February 2017}}</ref> |
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==Climate== |
== Climate == |
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Växjö has an [[oceanic climate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=46120&cityname=Vaxjo%2C+Sweden&units=|title=Vaxjo, Sweden Climate Summary|publisher=Weatherbase|accessdate=3 April 2015}}</ref> It is milder, wetter and cloudier than |
Växjö has an [[oceanic climate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=46120&cityname=Vaxjo%2C+Sweden&units=|title=Vaxjo, Sweden Climate Summary|publisher=Weatherbase|accessdate=3 April 2015}}</ref> It is milder, wetter, and cloudier than the rest of the country, with the number of hours of sunshine being associated more with the [[British Isles]] than with areas further north in Sweden. Considering its relative distance to all three coasts surrounding South Sweden, the climate is markedly marine, with winter temperatures being relatively low for an inland location. Temperatures have risen in recent years, and for the 1961–1990 reference period Växjö was almost [[humid continental climate|humid continental]]; however, under the standard Köppen classification, it is well within the oceanic range for the 2002–2015 period. When compared with sunnier inland areas further north, Växjo has relatively cool summers. |
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{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
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Line 225: | Line 209: | ||
|source 1 = SMHI<ref>{{cite web |
|source 1 = SMHI<ref>{{cite web |
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| url =http://data.smhi.se/met/climate/time_series/month_year/normal_1961_1990/SMHI_month_year_normal_61_90_precipitation_mm.txt |
| url =http://data.smhi.se/met/climate/time_series/month_year/normal_1961_1990/SMHI_month_year_normal_61_90_precipitation_mm.txt |
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| title=Precipitation Normals |
| title=Precipitation Normals 1961–1990 |
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| publisher =Swedish Metereological and Hydrological Institute (Växjö code 6452) | language = sv }}</ref> |
| publisher =Swedish Metereological and Hydrological Institute (Växjö code 6452) | language = sv }}</ref> |
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|source 2 = SMHI Monthly Data |
|source 2 = SMHI Monthly Data 2002–2015<ref name=eather2>{{cite web |
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| url=http://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/temperatur/2.1240 |
| url=http://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/temperatur/2.1240 |
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| title=Yearly and Monthly Statistics |
| title=Yearly and Monthly Statistics |
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Line 233: | Line 217: | ||
|date=July 2016}} |
|date=July 2016}} |
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==Notable natives== |
== Notable natives == |
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{{ |
{{refimprove section|date=March 2016}} |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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* [[Joachim Björklund]], footballer<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ba.no/sport/fotball/sk-brann/dette-er-svensken-som-gjorde-det-norling-aldri-klarte/s/5-8-512653 |title=Dette er svensken som gjorde det Norling aldri klarte |access-date=22 February 2017}}</ref> |
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*[[Joachim Björklund]], footballer |
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*[[Jonas Björkman]], tennis player with 50 doubles titles including [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand |
* [[Jonas Björkman]], tennis player with 50 doubles titles including [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slams]] |
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*[[Karl-Birger Blomdahl]], 20th-century music composer |
* [[Karl-Birger Blomdahl]], 20th-century music composer<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/karl-birger-blomdahl-mn0001747582 |title=Karl-Birger Blomdahl |website=AllMusic |access-date=24 February 2017}}</ref> |
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*[[Maria Cederschiöld (deaconess)]] |
* [[Maria Cederschiöld (deaconess)]] |
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*[[Bjorn Englen]], bass player of [[Yngwie Malmsteen]]'s Rising Force |
* [[Bjorn Englen]], bass player of [[Yngwie Malmsteen]]'s Rising Force |
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*[[Knute Heldner]], 20th-century [[Swedish American]] artist |
* [[Knute Heldner]], 20th-century [[Swedish American]] artist |
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*[[Stefan Johansson]], Formula 1 racing driver |
* [[Stefan Johansson]], Formula 1 racing driver |
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* [[Jonas Jonasson]], writer<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/9386562/Jonas-Jonasson-My-100-year-old-hero-and-the-secret-of-happiness.htm |title=Jonas Jonasson: My 100-year-old hero, and the secret of happiness |website=The Telegraph |access-date=22 February 2017}}</ref> |
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*[[Jonas Jonasson]], writer |
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*[[Owe Jonsson]], track and field athlete and European champion |
* [[Owe Jonsson]], track and field athlete and European champion |
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*[[Martin Kellerman]], [[comic strip]] creator |
* [[Martin Kellerman]], [[comic strip]] creator |
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*[[Carolina Klüft]], track and field athlete and Olympic gold medalist at [[Athens 2004]] |
* [[Carolina Klüft]], track and field athlete and Olympic gold medalist at [[Athens 2004]] |
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*[[Pär Lagerkvist]], author and winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]], 1951 |
* [[Pär Lagerkvist]], author and winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]], 1951 |
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*[[Otto Lindblad]], 19th-century music composer |
* [[Otto Lindblad]], 19th-century music composer |
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*[[Carl Linnaeus]], botanist, physician and zoologist |
* [[Carl Linnaeus]], botanist, physician and zoologist |
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* [[Melody Club]], rock band<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/melody-club-mn0000637877 |title=Melody Club |publisher=AllMusic |access-date= 22 February 2017}}</ref> |
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*[[Melody Club]], rock band |
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*[[Christina Nilsson]], 19th-century soprano celebrity |
* [[Christina Nilsson]], 19th-century soprano celebrity |
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*[[Andreas Ravelli]], footballer |
* [[Andreas Ravelli]], footballer |
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*[[Thomas Ravelli]], football [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]] |
* [[Thomas Ravelli]], football [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]] |
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*[[Sophie Sager]], 19th-century writer and feminist |
* [[Sophie Sager]], 19th-century writer and feminist |
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*[[Peder Sjögren]], 20th-century author and playwright |
* [[Peder Sjögren]], 20th-century author and playwright |
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*[[Jonas Swensson]], President of the [[Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church]] |
* [[Jonas Swensson]], President of the [[Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church]] |
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*[[Håkan Syrén]], a military [[General]] and [[Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces]] |
* [[Håkan Syrén]], a military [[General]] and [[Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dn.se/nyheter/politik/spionchefen-hakan-syren-blir-ny-ob/ |title=Spionchefen Håkan Syrén blir ny ÖB |access-date=24 February 2017}}</ref> |
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*[[Mats Wilander]], [[tennis]] player with seven [[Grand slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] victories 1982–1988 |
* [[Mats Wilander]], [[tennis]] player with seven [[Grand slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] victories 1982–1988 |
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* [[Björn Wirdheim]], racing driver<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/02/sports/motor-racing-celebration-costs-driver-victory-on-finish-line.html |title=Motor Racing : Celebration costs driver victory on finish line |publisher=The New York Times |access-date= February 22, 2017}}</ref> |
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*[[Björn Wirdheim]], racing driver |
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*[[The Ark (Swedish band)|The Ark]], rock band |
* [[The Ark (Swedish band)|The Ark]], rock band |
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{{div col end}} |
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==Sports clubs== |
== Sports clubs == |
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The following sports clubs are located in Växjö: |
The following sports clubs are located in Växjö: |
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==External links== |
== External links == |
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{{Commons category|Växjö}} |
{{Commons category|Växjö}} |
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*[http://www.vaxjo.se/ Växjö Municipality] – Official site |
* [http://www.vaxjo.se/ Växjö Municipality] – Official site |
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*[http://www.vaxjotourist.com/ Växjö tourist information in english] |
* [http://www.vaxjotourist.com/ Växjö tourist information in english] |
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*{{sv icon}}[http://runeberg.org/nfcm/0257.html ''Växjö'' article] in [[Nordisk familjebok]] |
* {{sv icon}}[http://runeberg.org/nfcm/0257.html ''Växjö'' article] in [[Nordisk familjebok]] |
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{{Localities in Växjö Municipality}} |
{{Localities in Växjö Municipality}} |
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{{30 most populous cities of Sweden}} |
{{30 most populous cities of Sweden}} |
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{{50 most populous urban settlements of Scandinavia}} |
{{50 most populous urban settlements of Scandinavia}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |