--Elkman 13:10, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
I don't know what you were attempting to do with the Bicycle helmet article, but you deleted the lower half of it, including the categories and interwiki links. Please be more careful. — Jun. 18, '06 [17:10] <freak|> (embarrassment, got muddledRichard Keatinge 12:32, 27 June 2007 (UTC))
Duplicate images uploaded
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AfD: Geoffrey Sampson
I have proposed the Geoffrey Sampson article, which I created a few weeks ago, for deletion. As you have edited it, I thought you might like to know. You may wish to comment here: [1]. Regards, ElectricRay 21:07, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
Hi, Richard Keatinge. I realised your work on the article and decided to ask for your advice. I added an information on Kurgan traditions related with the composite bow but later decided to remove it [[2]]. I'd like to have your opinion on that. E104421 23:09, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
Hi, Richard Keatinge. I realised your work on the article and decided to ask for your advice. I added an information on Kurgan traditions related with the composite bow but later decided to remove it [[3]]. I'd like to have your opinion on that. E104421 23:09, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
- Thanks for your work and thanks for asking. My feeling is that this is mostly good stuff, but when I remove items already covered elsewhere in the article or in e.g. the thumb ring article, there is a lot less. Such items might include:
Among the steppe peoples this asymmetrical design appear to be limited to the Huns the West we draw bows with three fingers in the "Mediterranean draw." In the East, by contrast with the West, bows were drawn with the thumb, locked under the first three fingers. The thumb was protected by a ring of bone, horn, ivory or even stone. As a result, in the West the arrow is shot from the left side of the bow, while in the East it is shot from the right.[1]
- (may be relevant, but the thumb draw can be locked with one, two, or three fingers. Leather tabs were most usual according to the author of Arab Archery. Also the identity of Huns with asymmetric bows is not clear at all.)
- - The Scythians used small trilobate arrowheads and later adopted larger trilobate ones, probably to pierce the armor of the Sarmatians with whom they increasingly came into conflict before being displaced from the Black Sea area by the second century BC. Hun arrowheads are leaf-shaped as were those of the Mongols. Steppe warriors used bone arrowheads across the centuries. Ammianus Marcellinus, writing of the fourth-century Huns, says: "What makes them most formidable of all warriors is that they shoot from a distance arrows tipped with sharp splinters of bone instead of the usual heads . . ," (Ammianus Marcellinus, 31). Arrowheads of steppe tribes were generally attached by a tang sunk into the arrow shaft rather than by a socket fitted over the end of it as was done in the West, though early Scythian and Sarmatian metall arrowheads used sockets, and later changed to the tang, probably to ensure that the shaft split after striking a target to prevent its being shot back. Arrowheads with tangs may have been suggested by bone or horn arrowheads, which had to be affixed this way.[1]
- (This Hildinger doesn't seem to have used a bow much himself. I'm not trying to insert OR, but tangs don't split arrows and - despite Ammianus - bone arrowheads are not superior to metal.)
- - Because the steppe warrior had great mobility on the battlefield and such an ability to cover distances in a short time, the military style of these peoples was one of wide-ranging, quick conquests and an unwillingness to come to grips with an enemy until victory was certain, in contrast to the Western armies that preferred to fight at close quarters and relied on the shock of their attack. The Western knight's actual technique dewscend back to the Sarmatian methods learned in the N.Pontic steppes, a mailed rider charging with a heavy lance, but this steppe technique fit in well with the Western preference for shock combat. Still, when this style of warfare met that of the nomad horse archers the effect could be terrible.[1]
- (Often said, but the couched lance depends on stirrups, and has rather little to do with composite bows.)
Central bowstave was cut from maple, cornus or mulberry wood. The wood was in five sections joined together with fishtail splices about three and a half inches long. In the winter, when weather was cool and humidity higher, horn from long-horned cattle was glued to the belly of the bow, and it was tied into an arc against the shape it would be drawn into to create a recurved shape. The bow was dried for about two months. Then was applied sinew from legs of cattle, which is more important for the bow's performance than the horn. These sinews are beaten into fibers that are then soaked with glue and applied in two layers on a warm day. The bow is tied again into an even more extremely recurved shape with a cord holding the tips together and tied to the handle of the bow and dried for another two months. In extreme recurving, the horn plates of the two limbs meeting at the center of the handle slightly separate. A small shim of hard wood or bone called in Turkish "chelik" is inserted here.[1]
- (On the above, I get the impression that Hildinger is perhaps a rather simplistic text; he is giving details that may be accurate for one source, but, to nitpick, the V-splices are not as far as I know found in early composite bows; many forms of wood are suitable although the Turkish bowyers preferred those mentioned; many forms of horn are suitable but that of most long-horned cattle is not; sinew can be applied in two or more layers; extreme recurving is not found in all composite bows; cattle sinew can be used but so are the sinews of other ungulates, and the chelik is fairly specific to the Turkish bows.)
some four millennia ago, uses different materials to withstand tension and compression. composite bow is of three-part construction: a thin central stave of wood is laminated with sinew on the back and horn on the belly. Their production was elaborate.[1]
- There is also a certain amount of material which I would think not directly relevant to the bow article itself, and might fit in better in other articles:
- Kurgan traditions are indelibly connected with the "Scythian" cap, that first appeared not only in Greek literature, but also on Greek pottery and goods made by Greek artisans for sale on the Black Sea steppe, a felt hat that came to something of a point which usually fell forward, and a favorite weapon of the mounted horsemen, the bow[1]. The army of steppe warriors moved three or four times as fast across the countryside as their opponents, even if they were outnumbered. The steppe warrior, mounted on his tough pony and trailing a string of remounts, could effectively threaten a significantly more numerous enemy by relying on his speed alone, and his speed was only one of several advantages he held over sedentary peoples. Steppe peoples rode geldings and mares.[1]
Domestication of horses naturally leads to the development of horse furniture. The Scythians are generally credited with making the first saddles with any real support.[1]
There is no solid evidence of stirrups use by steppe people, at least in the West, until the Avars seem to have introduced them in the sixth century. As a result, the Byzantine or East Roman cavalry adopted stirrups at that time.[1]
- - Steppe warriors had wonderful mobility on their ponies, and a wonderful weapon, too: the bow.
When the bow has dried, comes the tillering, or adjusting of the bow so that the limbs curve uniformly when drawn, until the bow arms are adjusted to bend evenly at full draw. Failing this, the bow would not shoot accurately.
- Strips of thin leather were applied in diagonals to cover and waterproof sinew. Now the bow was finished and would exhibit qualities that made it superior to the self bow. It was mechanically superior. Sinew has a tensile strength four times that of wood, and horn has a compressive strength about twice that of hardwood. Composite recurved bows are shorter than self bows of any power, and are handier, especially for men on horseback. And, to top it off, the draw weight does not increase proportionately as the bow is drawn further back, as it does in a self bow where the weight "jumps" suddenly at the end of the draw, resulting in the recurved bow being easier to shoot accurately. The composite recurved bow is a markedly better weapon than the simple self bow.[1] (There's already a brief mention at the start of advantages and disadvantages. Sinew and horn are also much heavier than wood. I have no idea where Hildinger could have got the idea about accuracy from. And leather is not always applied; birch bark has been used instead, and the bows are perfectly usable without any sort of waterproofing.)
- This leaves a limited amount of material that might improve the article:
- Scythian bows were rather short and tended to an extreme recurved shape, resembling cupid's bows; Mongol and Tatar bows were quite large, over five feet in length. The Hun bow was between 130 and 140 centimeters long and asymmetric: the upper limb was longer than the lower.
- Recurved composite bow took a good deal of work to make, and was a valuable weapon. When bow pieces are found in the graves, they are not from a single bow, but are mismatched pieces of different, broken bows. Serviceable bows were not buried with their owners.[1]
- (Usually, that's true, but there are a couple of probably-intact bows from Hungary.)
- Elaborate rules of thumb were developed for the use of composite bows, formalizing what a steppe warrior learned from his fellows.[1]
I hope this helps.
- Hello, Richard Keatinge. Thanks for your detailed analysis. These paragraphs were actually prepared for the Kurgan article. However, the article is not developed enough to insert a new section on the composite bow. In addition, the composite bow article is more informative than the edits form Hildenger's book. Since i'm not an well-acquainted with the topic, i though these paragraphs would fit the composite bow article well. Yes, you're quite right in your evalution that the Kurgan tradition related parts were not suitable for the composite bow article either. Futhermore, as you already pointed out, Hildenger's book is confusing. I realised this after reading your comments and the composite bow article in detail again. I think it would be better to insert a brief paragraph to the Kurgan article on composite bow, and then addressing the composite bow article for the interested reader. Thank you again for your help. Cordial Regards. E104421 22:09, 13 October 2007 (UTC)
Taxonomy
Saw you making some edits related to Ice Age stuff in the horse articles. You wouldn't happen to know anything about taxonomy, would you? Some seriously anal-retentive taxonomy spats have been going on for a long time over at Equidae and Evolution of the horse and I do not know that particular topic well enough to weigh in. All I DO know is that more footnotes couldn't hurt. Montanabw(talk) 20:00, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- Sorry, not really. I just removed a comment that was obviously completely wrong, and unreferenced. Taxonomy is a subject that I avoid. Too much scope for anal-retentive arguments. :-) Richard Keatinge (talk) 19:09, 16 February 2008 (UTC)
Bike Helmets
RK,
Got your message and subsequent reversion. Thanks for communicating. Cheers! SingCal 18:46, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
Literacy rate 100%, "unachievable"
What does it mean it is "NOT achievable"? Do you think it is that improbable for people in a civilized country to know how to read and write ?! The information found in the Georgia (country) article is and should be based on the official data. In this case it is based on the CIA world fact book data. Please keep your assumptions to yourself.--Satt 2 (talk) 17:16, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
- Yes, I noticed it was based on an official source. However, any sizeable human population has some people who can't learn to read and write. Usually they have trouble learning much else either, though some simply can't see anything. Come to think of it, the UK has at some point claimed 100% literacy, in which case I wonder why anyone bothered to arrange the adult literacy classes that I helped with. Some of the attenders were very slow, others just hadn't paid attention in school. See Developmental disability and Literacy. To claim 100% literacy in any sizeable population is, I'm sorry to say, simply not credible. Richard Keatinge (talk) 21:14, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
Request for input
Hi Richard, I arranged the Template:Archery without necessarily knowing the best layout. I wanted to get it good enough for Rock n' Roll so that it would be on the table as a working project between editors. I'd appreciate your thoughts. Cheers,⋙–Berean–Hunter—► ((⊕)) 19:47, 4 October 2008 (UTC)
- It was overdue, many thanks for getting on with it. It looks good to me, a fine job, though no doubt we can think of improvements. Richard Keatinge (talk) 20:55, 4 October 2008 (UTC)
Xiongnu and Huns
Hi. Good day. Pls explain why try to destruct works based on referenced, scientific data, all the time? I remember it was You, who deleted my addition to the Xiongnu article too, regards the Bulg. king list, sourced from O. Pritsak, who was a professor of 3 universities, incl. Harvard University. And now in the case of Hun article, you deleting data regarding more that a thousand years old traditions, and quotes based on 800 years old historical sources and works of acclaimed historians? So we can maybe make a consensus. Thx. Yours sincerely Dzsoker (talk) 13:48, 1 December 2008 (UTC)
- P.S. I think it was a good, well written addition, including many striking quotes, to the Huns article, explaining many important things, and thousands of characters (around one third of the original) of new information. Dzsoker (talk) 14:06, 1 December 2008 (UTC)
- Thanks for communicating. I hope that in the Hun article I left the Hungarian traditions where they belong, that is among mediaeval and later stories, and at the relevant length for a historical article, that is, rather short. I suppose the contemporary analogy within my own nationalist traditions would be King Arthur, but I wouldn't state mediaeval traditions as fact in that article either. The sources are indeed old, but they are about seven centuries after the actual events, and they are at best very dubious sources. I did leave links to articles on the manuscripts you mention. And the Xiongnu material belongs, if anywhere, in the article of that name. It is also very verbose and full of detail, personal names and so on, which does not belong in an encyclopedia.
- Would you like to start an article on Hungarian traditions of national origin? This would be an appropriate place for them to be discussed at length.
- Rather than simply revert your edits, I will copy this to the Talk:Huns discussion page and we will hope for a consensus of opinion. Richard Keatinge (talk) 18:10, 1 December 2008 (UTC)
Hi. I thanx too. Ok, It's a good idea to discuss it on Hun talk page. But I've written those stuff, because those are the Huns' and Attila's effects on events centuries later (like in the case of Charlemagne Avar campaign revenge for Attila, and Hungarians reaction to this), and relevant events that help to make sense some of the European historical events, and if not of Hungary's traditions relevant on Huns, who else?? And the other thing, those were not just trads, these were based on all opinions of the nations of that age of 9-10th centuries, as we can see in German, Italic, Frank, Hungarian, Slav, Greek chronicles, only I hadn't the time to contribute that informations also. I hoped someone will, but instead all my work was deleted without a single disproof.:(
Anyway in a couple of days I'll scribe that sources and quotes, in a few more sentences, to the article, the data of: Annales Fuldenses, Annales Alemannici, Liutprand's Antapodosis, Regino of Prüm's chronicle, the mentioned Gesta Hunnorums, Nestor's chronicles, Constantine's De Administrando Imperioso, his father's: Tactics, and so on. I think it will be good one then. Dzsoker (talk) 19:10, 1 December 2008 (UTC)
- I'm sorry, I really don't think that any of those things belong in the Hun article. In articles about Hungarian history, traditions, modern myths, or prehistory, maybe wider European traditions relating to the Huns, but not, at any significant length, under Huns. Opinions please... Richard Keatinge (talk) 20:40, 1 December 2008 (UTC)
Thanx, you've made great contribution. But besides your and another writer POV, my works did not get contrary reaction from the community so far, so I may start an edit war. You should join to the Flat Earth Society, I think. P.S. King Arthur was a Sarmatian knight, so he has nothing to do with your nationalist traditions. not regards Dzsoker (talk) 16:48, 11 December 2008 (UTC)
Hi, thank you for your recent contribution to the discussion. I have posted an updated proposal for changes, please feel free to comment on the Talk page.--Goodmorningworld (talk) 17:56, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/Nuvola_apps_important.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_important.svg.png)
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...when you moved the article to a new page, the new article coincidentally appears to have been created by you - in reality it is a cut and paste of my input. —Preceding unsigned comment added by M-streeter97 (talk • contribs) 13:15, 7 August 2009 (UTC)
- It is indeed a copy, as I hope was clear to all at the time. No offence was intended of course. I presume your edits are still part of your record anyway. Is there anything I can do to make sure you have appropriate credit? If so let me know. Richard Keatinge (talk) 21:22, 7 August 2009 (UTC)
Mounted archery
I apologize in my poor English. "會衆騎射" means "To see the horseback archery(騎射), the citizens(衆) crowd(會)". There was a similar instruction in 701 and 706. The show of horseback archery was popular among the citizens. However, The government thought the festa that the horseback archery was solemn and is sacred. Therefore, the government felt it dissatisfied.--青鬼よし (talk) 08:44, 28 June 2009 (UTC)
- Many thanks for your help. Your English is infinitely better than my Japanese! I hope that the section now conveys a correct meaning. Richard Keatinge (talk) 20:14, 28 June 2009 (UTC)
Could you help me?
Hello. I wrote the article on Naval_history_of_Japan. However, my English is poor. Could you make a fair copy of my document?
In 1592 and again in 1598, Toyotomi Hideyoshi organized invasions of Korea with a Navy of 9,200. And, Kuki Yoshitaka was appointed to the commander of Japanese navy. By a fight with the Japanese pirate, China and the Korean navy were richer in experience than Japan. Korean navy interfered with the Japanese supplying. the Japanese recruits were not able to occupy Thalassocracy of a Korean peninsula. Hideyoshi commanded Wakisaka Yasuharu, Kuki Yoshitaka and Katō Yoshiaki to be destroyed in Korean navy, But their military forces were annihilated by a Korean navy in Battle of Hansan Island. Japan adopted the strategy that the army cooperates with naval forces. And, Korean naval forces were annihilated in Battle of Chilcheollyang. China|dispatched the general Chen Lin. China cut the supply line of Japan, and did the protracted struggle. After the end of the war, Japanese naval forces helped a Japanese army that withdrew from a Korean peninsula. (To obstruct the withdrawal, A Chinese army that was accompanied by Korean navy encircled the withdrawing Japanese army. To rescue the colleague, Shimazu Yoshihiro attacked a Chinese army. (Battle of Noryang)) Shimazu was defeated by Chen Lin, but succeeded in rescue of the Japanese armed forces.
Thank you. By you, I think my grammar to have become elegant.[4] And I updated it.[5] I am waiting for a useful chance for you. Naval_history_of_Japan--青鬼よし (talk) 10:18, 11 July 2009 (UTC)
- Revised version, now the relevant section of Naval history of Japan:
- "In 1592 and again in 1598, Toyotomi Hideyoshi organized invasions of Korea using some 9,200 ships.[2] From the beginning of the War in 1592, the supreme commander of Hideyoshi's fleet was Kuki Yoshitaka, whose flagship was the 33 meter-long Nihonmaru. Subordinate commanders included Wakisaka Yasuharu and Katō Yoshiaki. After their experience in the Ōei Invasion and other operations against Japanese pirates, the Chinese and Korean navies were more skilled than the Japanese. They also had large, possibly ironclad ships, with large guns which formed effective anti-ship batteries. The Japanese had no such ships, nor did they develop any during the war. Instead, they relied throughout upon large numbers of smaller ships whose crews would attempt to board the enemy. Boarding was the main tactic of almost all navies until the modern era, and Japanese samurai excelled in close combat. The Japanese commonly used many light, swift, boarding ships called Kobaya in an array that resembled a rapid school of fish following the leading boat. This tactic's advantage was that once they succeeded in boarding one ship, they could hop aboard other enemy ships in the vicinity, in a wildfire fashion.
- Japanese ships at the time were built with wooden planks and steel nails, which rusted in seawater after some time in service. The ships were built in a curved pentagonal shape with light wood for maximum speeds for their boarding tactics, but it undermined their capability to quickly change direction. Also, they were somewhat susceptible to capsizing in choppy seas and seastorms. The hulls of Japanese ships were not strong enough to support the weight and recoil of cannons. Rarely did Japanese ships have cannons, and those that did usually hung them from overhead beams with ropes and cloth. Instead, the Japanese relied heavily on their muskets and blades.
- Under the naval genius[3][4] Admiral Yi Sun-sin the Korean navy conducted effective operations to interrupt Japanese supply routes.[5] Japanese fleets repeatedly failed to board effectively and took heavy damage from gunfire. They suffered a series of disastrous defeats, and their failure enabled Korean resistance on the mainland to continue.
- In 1597 Yi Sun-sin was relieved of command as a result of court intrigues. The Japanese were able to land large reinforcements in Korea and then engaged the ill-led Korean fleet. At the Battle of Chilcheollyang they were able to board and take all its ships, except for thirteen that fled before engagement.[6] Hansan Island was occupied by Japan, consolidating the Japanese hold on the west coast of Korea. To prevent Japan from invading China by way of the Korean peninsula west coast, China sent naval forces.[7]
- Yi Sun-sin was soon restored to command. The Japanese tried to crush his remnant fleet at the Battle of Myeongnyang, but suffered another decisive defeat. Korean naval strength recovered and continued to interdict Japanese supply routes to Korea. The Ming Chinese fleet under Chen Lin joined the Koreans and continued this strategy. Towards the end of the war, as the remaining Japanese tried to withdraw from Korea, they were beset by Korean and Chinese forces.[8] To rescue his comrades, Shimazu Yoshihiro attacked the allied fleet. At the Battle of Noryang Shimazu was heavily defeated,[9] but nevertheless managed to evacuate many Japanese from Korea.[10][11]
- Japan's failure at sea, and the resultant difficulty in resupplying troops on land, was one of the major reasons for the invasion's ultimate failure. After the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the main proponent of the invasion, the Japanese ceased attacks on Korea."
- Hello. I have the question for information that you added.
- 1. Under the naval genius Admiral Yi Sun-sin the Korean navy conducted effective operations to interrupt Japanese supply routes.
- Yi Sun-sin is a national hero in Korea. Modern Korea calls him "Genius", and praises him. However, his name is not written in the History of Ming at all. (The threat of Shimazu yoshihiro and Kato Kiyomasa is frequently written.) And, japanese Samurais are not recording his name either. Please teach the reason written, "He is a genius".
- I've put in a couple of references. I don't know what sources they relied on, but they are an Englishman and a Japanese.
- 2. According to my knowledge "July 7, 1597, Japan annihilated Korean naval forces, and killed the general in Korea.(Battle of Chilcheollyang) Because the Hansan Island had been occupied by Japan, the west coast in Korea was suppressed to Japan. To prevent Japan from invading China by way of the Korean peninsula west coast, China sent naval forces."
- Source History of Ming (列傳第二百八外國一 朝鮮) Vol.208 Korea[6] [7] "萬暦 二十五年(1597)七月(July) "七月,倭奪梁山、三浪,遂入慶州,侵閒山。夜襲恭山島,統制元均風靡,遂失閒山要害。閒山島在朝鮮西海口,右障南原,為全羅外藩。一失守則沿海無備,天津、登萊皆可揚帆而至。而我水兵三千,甫抵旅順。"
- Do you think that my opinion is wrong?
- No, I don't. I have used your references, with slightly changed text, above.
- 3.Japanese fleets repeatedly failed to board effectively and took heavy damage from gunfire. They suffered a series of disastrous defeats, and their failure enabled Korean resistance on the mainland to continue.
- Korea's technology of heavy firearms was lower than that of Japan. And, the Korean resistance doesn't synchronize with naval forces in Korea. Please teach the reason written like this.
- Correct me please! I too have read that Korean firearms were less good than Japanese, but that the Koreans used big guns effectively at sea and the Japanese at this time did not. I also read that the Korean resistance on land was not well-coordinated with naval operations. However, if the Japanese fleet had kept their supply routes open throughout the war, Korean resistance would have been much weaker.
- 4. In 1597 Yi Sun-sin was relieved of command as a result of court intrigues, fomented by a Japanese agent.
- At this time, bureaucrats in Japan were making efforts to peace talks with China. Who did the plot to Yi Sun-sin?
- Because I can't provide a reference for this, I have removed it.
- In addition, there are some questions. After you answer this question, may I question further? --青鬼よし (talk) 16:12, 28 July 2009 (UTC)
- This is Wikipedia, and I presume you can read the non-English sources. I cannot. Do as you think best! However, I hope that my changes above have helped. Richard Keatinge (talk) 20:38, 1 August 2009 (UTC)
- Hello. Richard. Thank you for the offer about the reference. However a Military History of the Empire (帝國國防史論) doesn't have page 399. (This book can be easily confirmed with National Diet Library.) This book is composed of two books. (上巻 and 下巻)
- The end of the first book is page 263.[9] The end of the second book is page 210.[10]]
- And, the mistake of the quotation from History of Ming is not corrected. History of Ming does not record Yi-sunsin at all. (The Japanese record does not record most of the adramil yi, too.) "邢玠以前役乏水兵無功, 乃益募江南水兵, 議海運, 爲持久計." is "It is a conference (議海運) of a Chinese army. Yi doesn't participate in here." and "A Chinese army reinforced the marine(水兵) from Jiangnan(江南), and decided protracted struggle.(持久計)"
- "Japanese fleets repeatedly failed to board effectively and took heavy damage from gunfire. They suffered a series of disastrous defeats, and their failure enabled Korean resistance on the mainland to continue." Please teach grounds of this description. I hear, "Korea covered the ship with the iron plate to prevent the gun of Japan, and repeated the charge attack".
- "The Ming Chinese fleet under Chen Lin joined the Koreans and continued this strategy." This is a fact and an opposite. Lee participates in a Chinese army, and to assist in him, a Chinese army is sending Deng Zi-Long.
- I hope you rewrite the article again. Thank you --青鬼よし (talk) 04:09, 6 August 2009 (UTC)
the role of elephants removed in the article Battle of Zama
Dear Sir,
You removed the elephants paragraph. I put it back again. See the discussion page of the Battle of Zama for the reason of doing that. Wereldburger758 (talk) 13:52, 13 August 2009 (UTC)
Sisennus...
If you are magnanimous enough to forgive my ignorance, you may also enlighten it. Who was Sisennus? Richard Keatinge (talk) 20:36, 12 October 2009 (UTC)
- Sisennus is the Hellenic rendition of Sicinnus, a slave of Themistocles, who was present during the Second Persian invasion of Greece and recorded the outcome of numerous battles during the Greco-Persian Wars.
Gamer112(Aus) (talk) 05:43, 13 October 2009 (UTC)
- The slave of Themistocles? I'd heard of him, but not that he ever wrote anything. Do you have a primary reference, or at least one a little easier of access? Richard Keatinge (talk) 15:57, 13 October 2009 (UTC)
- Sorry to press, but you apparently have a reference for a Greek slave writing Latin in 480 BCE. This is remarkable enough that we do need a little more detail. Would you be kind enough to check your reference, and if possible give the relevant text with a primary reference? I've copied this discussion to Talk:Cataphract where it probably belongs. Richard Keatinge (talk) 07:04, 14 October 2009 (UTC)
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November 2009
Hi, and thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. It appears that you recently tried to give Caer Leb a different title by copying its content and pasting it into another page with a different name. This is known as a "cut and paste move", and it is undesirable because it splits the page history, which is needed for attribution and various other purposes. Instead, the software used by Wikipedia has a feature that allows pages to be moved to a new title together with their edit history.
In most cases, once your account is four days old and has ten edits, you should be able to move an article yourself using the "Move" tab at the top of the page. This both preserves the page history intact and automatically creates a redirect from the old title to the new. If you cannot perform a particular page move yourself this way (e.g. because a page already exists at the target title), please follow the instructions at requested moves to have it moved by someone else. Also, if there are any other articles that you moved by copying and pasting, even if it was a long time ago, please list them at Wikipedia:Cut and paste move repair holding pen. Thank you. Unionhawk Talk E-mail Review 18:19, 5 November 2009 (UTC)
- Thanks, I am glad to learn of the page move option and will certainly use it if appropriate in future. I could have done this better, but I think this move may be best left. In particular I have only just created the original page and am responsible for all its content. Richard Keatinge (talk) 18:24, 5 November 2009 (UTC)
- I went ahead and requested a histmerge using {{db-histmerge}}. It's a simple case, and necessary due to licensing reasons (as you are not the only contributor).--Unionhawk Talk E-mail Review 18:29, 5 November 2009 (UTC)
- Ah, more education. Such a pleasure. Thanks again, and sorry for the inconvenience. Richard Keatinge (talk) 19:08, 5 November 2009 (UTC)
Dear Richard, in good faith I have sought to ask a question at Talk:Marble_Hill,_South_Australia could you please respond?
I have done so at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Marble_Hill,_South_Australia&curid=6863563&diff=329459069&oldid=329227261 Richard Keatinge (talk) 16:28, 3 December 2009 (UTC)
Dear Richard
Given your Welsh nationality, I remind you then of my own Welsh Sovereignty through my maternal FitzGerald ancestry thus: Nest ferch Rhys (died after 1136) was a Welsh princess of Deheubarth who was renowned for her beauty. Nest was the daughter of Prince Rhys ap Tewdwr Mawr by his wife, Gwladys ferch Rhiwallon. After her father's death in 1093, Deheubarth was conquered by the Normans and King Henry I of England appointed himself her protector. Nest is thought to have borne him a son, Henry FitzRoy (1103-1158).[12]
Around 1095 King Henry decided to marry Nest to one of his followers, Gerald de Windsor, whom he appointed Constable of Pembroke. Nest and Gerald had five children:
- William FitzGerald (died 1173)
- Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Llansteffan (died 1 September 1177)
- David FitzGerald, Archdeacon of Cardigan and Bishop of St David's
- Angharad de Windsor, who married William de Barry
- A daughter (possibly Gwladys), the mother of Milo de Cogan
During Christmas 1109, Nest and her husband were visited by her cousin, Owain ap Cadwgan, son of Cadwgan ap Bleddyn, Prince of Powys. The story goes that Owain was so taken with Nest's beauty that he and fifteen companions attacked the castle of Cenarth Bychan (possibly Cilgerran Castle or Carew Castle, both in Pembrokeshire), seized Nest, and carried her and her children off.
Tradition also states that Gerald escaped by jumping down the garderobe (i.e. the lavatory chute) to get away. The children were later returned to Gerald. Nest is said to have borne Owain two sons, Llywelyn and Einion, before finally being returned to her husband.
This abduction earned Nest the nickname "Helen of Wales" because it led to civil war on a small scale. Owain ap Cadwgan left the country to avoid retribution, whilst Owain's father, Cadwgan ap Bleddyn, lost his own lands. Gerald waited for Owain to return to Wales, then ambushed and killed him. After Gerald's death, Nest became the lover of Stephen, Constable of Cardigan, by whom she had another son, Robert Fitz-Stephen who died in 1182.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Eric Hildinger, 'Warriors of the steppe: A Military History of Central Asia, 500 B.C. to 1700 A.D.'
- ^ Nagoya UniversityThe Naval Organization in the Korean Expedition of the Toyotomi Régime
- ^ Tetsutaro Sato. A Military History of the Empire (Japanese: 帝國國防史論), p. 399
- ^ Admiral George Alexander Ballard. The Influence of the Sea on The Political History of Japan, pp. 66–67
- ^ History of Ming (列傳第二百八外國一 朝鮮) Vol.208 Korea[11] "邢玠以前役乏水兵無功, 乃益募江南水兵, 議海運, 爲持久計."
- ^ History of Ming (列傳第二百八外國一 朝鮮) Vol.208 Korea[12] "萬暦 二十五年(1597)七月(July) 倭奪梁山·三浪, 遂入慶州, 侵閑山。統制元均兵潰, 遂失閑山。
- ^
- Source History of Ming (列傳第二百八外國一 朝鮮) Vol.208 Korea[13] [14] "萬暦 二十五年(1597)七月(July) "七月,倭奪梁山、三浪,遂入慶州,侵閒山。夜襲恭山島,統制元均風靡,遂失閒山要害。閒山島在朝鮮西海口,右障南原,為全羅外藩。一失守則沿海無備,天津、登萊皆可揚帆而至。而我水兵三千,甫抵旅順。
- ^ 「征韓録(Sei-kan-roku)」(Public Record of Shimazu clan that Shimazu Hiromichi(島津 久通) wrote in 1671) 巻六(Vol6) "日本の軍兵悉く討果すべきの時至れりと悦んで、即副総兵陳蚕・郭子竜・遊撃馬文喚・李金・張良将等に相計て、陸兵五千、水兵三千を師ゐ、朝鮮の大将李統制、沈理が勢を合わせ、彼此都合一万三千余兵、全羅道順天の海口鼓金と云所に陣し、戦艦数百艘を艤ひして、何様一戦に大功をなすべきと待懸たり。"
- ^ History of Ming (列傳第二百八外國一 朝鮮) Vol.208 Korea[15]"石曼子引舟師救行長, 陳璘邀擊敗之"
- ^ 「征韓録(Sei-kan-roku)」 巻六(Vol6) "外立花・寺沢・宗・高橋氏の軍兵、火花を散して相戦ひける間に五家の面々は、順天の城を逃出、南海の外海を廻りて引退く。"
- ^ Battle of Noryang - Dusan EnCyber
- ^ A History of Wales