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:"All three ‘Gulags’ have high wall fencings, with the inner wall fencing taller than the outer wall. The inner walls have round guard posts at the corners." |
:"All three ‘Gulags’ have high wall fencings, with the inner wall fencing taller than the outer wall. The inner walls have round guard posts at the corners." |
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:"The indoctrination centres are located outside the main high inner walls and have administrative and other support buildings co-located." |
:"The indoctrination centres are located outside the main high inner walls and have administrative and other support buildings co-located." |
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[ Epoch Times source: Flora Yan,''China’s Cultural Revolution Might Soon Reappear in Tibet'', (05 March 2019), |
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https://m.theepochtimes.com/chinas-cultural-revolution-might-soon-reappear-in-tibet_2825848.html ] |
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===Xinjiang=== |
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*RFI, ''European countries demand UN access to China’s Xinjiang camps after new leaks'', (26 November 2019), https://www.rfi.fr/en/20191126-european-countries-demand-access-china-s-xinjiang-education-camps-after-new-leak |
*RFI, ''European countries demand UN access to China’s Xinjiang camps after new leaks'', (26 November 2019), https://www.rfi.fr/en/20191126-european-countries-demand-access-china-s-xinjiang-education-camps-after-new-leak |
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:"Last Monday, the Washington-based International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) published the China Cables, consisting of seven classified documents detailing the inner workings of Beijing’s program of detention, mass-surveillance and “re-education” of its Muslim Uyghur minority." |
:"Last Monday, the Washington-based International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) published the China Cables, consisting of seven classified documents detailing the inner workings of Beijing’s program of detention, mass-surveillance and “re-education” of its Muslim Uyghur minority." |
Revision as of 20:34, 22 September 2020
Palri Monastery
- Palri full name =
Chongye Palri Thegchog Ling, monastery, central Tibet; founded by _________ [1]
- "Trengpo Tertön Sherab Özer (Wyl. 'phreng po gter ston shes rab 'od zer) (1518-1572/84), also known as Drodul Lingpa or Prajñāraśmi, was an important tertön in central Tibet who revealed the Droltik (dam chos grol ba'i thig le) or Gongpa Rangdrol cycle. The student of Drikung Rinchen Phuntsok (1509-1557) (the father of Chögyal Phuntsok), he was the founder of Palri Monastery. "His three immediate reincarnations were:
"Tsele Natsok Rangdrol (body incarnation) (b.1608), Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje (speech incarnation) (1646-1714), and Pema Dechen Lingpa (mind incarnation) (1627/63-1713)." [2]
- See also TBRC on Sherab Ozer, but mention of Palri?[3]
- See also mentions in: [4]
Tibetan uprising
- Dalai Lama statements from News Archive: March 2008
- An Appeal to the Chinese People, March 27, 2008
- Clarification, March 18, 2008
- Press Release, March 18, 2008
- His Holiness the Dalai Lama Meets Members of the Media, March 16, 2008
- Press Release, March 14, 2008
- Statement of H.H. the Dalai Lama on the 49th Tibetan National Uprising Day, March 10, 2008
https://www.dalailama.com/news/archive/2008/3
- Tibetan Review
- - Tsering Woeser [page only lists last name 'Woeser'?] compiled best docs (BBC (find RS again) agrees?); is academic source?
- - 150 self immolate after 2008/9?
- - 10 March details add; more RS
https://www.tibetanreview.net/the-2008-uprising-and-the-olympics/
- Olympic in Greece
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/mar/24/tibet.olympicgames2008
- Images, cities & dates
https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2008/mar/14/1
- Lots of refs
https://freedomhouse.org/report/2017/battle-china-spirit-tibetan-buddhism-religious-freedom
- 1989 Hu history in Tibet, March 2008 Dalai Lama statement. Jim Yardley, Violence in Tibet as Monks Clash With the Police, https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/15/world/asia/15tibet.html
"The Dalai Lama released a statement on Friday [14?] calling on both sides to avoid violence and appealing to China’s leaders to “address the long simmering resentment of the Tibetan people through dialogue with the Tibetan people.” A spokesman for the Dalai Lama called China’s accusations “absolutely baseless.” "
"In the past China has not hesitated to crush major protests in Tibet or to jail disobedient monks. President Hu Jintao, who is also the general secretary of the Communist Party, served as party boss in Tibet during a violent crackdown in 1989. His support for the bloody suppression of unrest that year earned him the good will of Deng Xiaoping, then the paramount leader, and led directly to his elevation to the Politburo Standing Committee and eventually to China’s top leadership posts."
Occupation timeline guide
- 1949/1950: Chinese [military] invasion
- 23 May '51: 17 point agreement
- 10 Mar '59: tens of thousands [check for #] take to streets
- 12 Mar: 15,000 Tibetan women uprising
- 30 Mar '59: Dala Lama escape party crosses border
- '59-'65: UN passes 3 resolutions of grave concern re suppression of fundamental hr
- '60-'62: Tibetan famine under Mao's "Great Leap Forward", hundreds of thousands die [find #]
- '66-'76: 6,000 monasteries & sites destroyed during "Cultural Revolution"
- 21 Sep '87: 5 point peace plan by Dalai Lama rejected by China
- Sep-Oct '87: large scale protests against China by Tibetans in response
- Mar '88: Protests in Lhasa, 30 Tibetans killed [find refs]
- Sep '88: 9 Drepung monastery monks protest in Barkhor
- 10 Dec '88: Chinese police open fire on protestors in Lhasa, international incident
- 1989: 10's of 1000's protest in Lhasa; brutal force and martial law; foreigners expelled. Dalai Lama awarded Nobel Peace Prize
- '95: 11th Panchen Lama kidnapped, becomes China's political prisoner at 6 years of age.
- 1996: "patriotic reeducation" campaign launched
- 2001: China wins Olympics
- [2002: Dalai Lama "Middle Way" proposal: find date, presented info]
- Oct '07: US Congressional Gold Medal awarded to Dalai Lama, China responds with show of force
- Mar-Jun 2008: Tibetan Uprising: 100's killed, +2000 arrested
- Aug '08: Olympics
- [2008: 3 Tibet-China meetings, China rejects Middle Way officially?; find info]
- 2009-2018: "In February 2009 a young monk named Tapey set fire to himself in Ngaba, eastern Tibet."; self immolations spread, 150 deaths
Tibet | Xinjiang
- Kelsang Dolma, Tibet Was China’s First Laboratory of Repression, Xi Jinping is bringing methods honed in Xinjiang back to the Himalayas, (31 August 2020)
https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/08/31/tibet-china-repression-xinjiang-sinicization/
- "In the early 2000s, the Free Tibet movement galvanized the world. From celebrity endorsements to Simpsons cameos, the media launched the plight of Tibet into the Western imagination; the suffering of Tibetans under a foreign regime became well known. But today, with atrocities in Xinjiang and Hong Kong dominating the narrative and Tibet now more sealed off than ever, news about the Himalayan region has been reduced to stray sentences in coverage on Chinese aggression."
- "Yet oppression in Tibet has only gotten worse. On Aug. 29, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced plans to “strengthen unity and socialism” in Tibet by building an “impregnable fortress” to ward off splittism. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) views Tibetan disobedience, violent or nonviolent, as separatism, which, in Beijing’s eyes, threatens national security and expansionism. So when the 2008 Tibet protests erupted, fomented by discontent with decades-long repression, the CCP ruthlessly responded by killing and arbitrarily arresting protesters. But these immediate measures were not enough. The CCP began to plan a long-term policy of forced assimilation."
- "Chen Quanguo, then a rising star in the CCP, arrived in Tibet as the new party secretary in 2011 and rapidly transformed Tibet into one of the most pervasive police states in the world, a model that would soon be adopted in Xinjiang against the Muslim Uighurs. Chen implemented an urban design—a panopticon-like system that is euphemistically referred to as “grid-style social management”—that enables CCP police officers to easily surveil Tibetans. Also in the name of counterterrorism, Chen oversaw the formation of “double-linked households,” an Orwellian social system in which family members are encouraged to report one another to the authorities at any hint of transgression. In 2016, Chen became Xinjiang’s Communist Party secretary and nationalized these policies, bringing the techniques practiced on Tibetans to Xinjiang."
- "...Nepal and China signed a contentious extradition treaty in January. Xi arrived in Nepal to negotiate diplomatic proposals between the two countries. One proposal was a treaty that would extradite newly arrived Tibetan refugees from Nepal. After initial reports that Nepali officials would not authorize the treaty, Xi met secretly with Nepal’s foreign minister, Pradeep Gyawali, to sign it. This agreement condemns captured Tibetan refugees in Nepal to the rarely merciful penal system of mainland China.
- "Meanwhile, the techniques honed in Xinjiang may be returning to their birthplace in Tibet. The CCP passed a bill titled “Regulations on the Establishment of a Model Area for Ethnic Unity and Progress in the Tibet Autonomous Region” this spring, which aims to Sinicize Tibetans. While the bill’s title seems innocuous, similar ethnic unity regulations in Xinjiang preceded the detention camps for Uighurs and other ethnic minorities. The CCP strives to promote an “All ethnic groups in China are one family” narrative, since CCP totalitarianism necessitates conformity and obedience—anything to the contrary is considered a threat to CCP legitimacy. It has become clear what this means in Xinjiang. Ethnic unity means incarcerating millions of Uighurs in political reeducation camps, where detainees are forced to renounce Islam and profess devotion to communism. Ethnic unity means that children can be forcefully separated from their parents at a CCP official’s whim. Ethnic unity means that the Uighur identity must be beaten out of the individual."
- "Meanwhile, the techniques honed in Xinjiang may be returning to their birthplace in Tibet."
- "Although attention has been understandably focused on Xinjiang’s vast network of prison camps, the increasing oppression of Tibetan human rights should cause equal alarm. The new ethnic unity bill in Tibet is likely to presage a new round of cruel ethnonationalist policies under the guise of reeducation in Tibet. This June, the CCP ordered the destruction of Tibetan Buddhist prayer flags, justifying it as “behavioral reform,” and Tibetan Buddhist monasteries are steadily restricted by CCP-appointed officials. The CCP is fixated on “fostering ethnic unity” by dismantling Tibetans’ and Uighurs’ faith; after all, according to Karl Marx, religion is the opium of the masses. Though state-ordered family separation is not as common in Tibet, enforced political reeducation has been integral to Tibetan prisons. Other than the erasure of religion, increased language Sinicization will almost surely occur given that the CCP considers the Tibetan language as a vessel for separatism. The ethnic unity dilemma may not be reserved for Tibetans and Uighurs either. Recently, the CCP widened its language Sinicization; teachers in Inner Mongolia will be forced to replace Mongolian-medium education with Chinese-medium education beginning in September."
- "The upcoming months may see an international resurgence of Tibet coverage. In a rare move, five independent mandate holders at the United Nations, including two working groups and three special rapporteurs, recently demanded that the CCP provide more information regarding the whereabouts of Gedhun Choekyi Nyima—Tibet’s 11th Panchen Lama. The Panchen Lama, second only to the Dalai Lama’s lama rank in Tibetan Buddhism, was kidnapped by the CCP in 1995 as a 6-year-old and was replaced by a Chinese-chosen figure."
- "Understanding the future fate of Uighurs and Hong Kongers can be strengthened by studying the historical and ongoing repression of Tibetans. The Associated Press first reported in June on the Chinese government’s accelerated forced sterilization of Uighurs—a genocidal policy that was diabolically imposed on Tibetans decades ago. Now, more than ever, journalists and foreign-policy makers must focus on Tibet to contextualize current events across the Asia-Pacific and to bear witness to the splintering human rights of Tibetans; the lack of human rights has become so unbearable that 156 Tibetans have self-immolated since 2009. Based on the history of repression of Tibetans and Uighurs, which seems to work in tandem, the new ethnic unity bill in Tibet is a menacing harbinger for what may come next."
- Col. Vinayak Dhat, Ret., China claims it has no ‘Gulags’, but satellite imagery shows 3 new ones coming up in Tibet, (12 February 2019), I print (Indian defense media?),
- "ThePrint has identified at least three re-education centres - or 'Gulags', as the Soviet-era equivalents were called - under construction in Tibet."
- "ThePrint had last August reported the existence of such major camps in the western province of Xinjiang. These camps were also indicated in the United Nations and the US Congressional-Executive Commission on China."
- "Image credit[s]: Col. Vinayak Bhat (retd.)"
- "These monasteries, it is suspected, are used as correction facilities or Gulags for Tibetan monks who are unwilling to follow the diktats of the Chinese Communist Party."
- "Recently-updated satellite imagery has also revealed that massive structures are being created by Chinese authorities in the Tibet Autonomous Region. They are what are referred to as ‘extremist eradication’ schools or ‘re-education’ schools."
- "These are allegedly used as detention centres for political indoctrination. The detainees are also allegedly used as forced labour in government factories and projects during the day time or as per shift timings. At least three such facilities can be identified through satellite imagery, though none of them is fully constructed yet."
- "All three ‘Gulags’ have high wall fencings, with the inner wall fencing taller than the outer wall. The inner walls have round guard posts at the corners."
- "The indoctrination centres are located outside the main high inner walls and have administrative and other support buildings co-located."
[ Epoch Times source: Flora Yan,China’s Cultural Revolution Might Soon Reappear in Tibet, (05 March 2019), https://m.theepochtimes.com/chinas-cultural-revolution-might-soon-reappear-in-tibet_2825848.html ]
Xinjiang
- RFI, European countries demand UN access to China’s Xinjiang camps after new leaks, (26 November 2019), https://www.rfi.fr/en/20191126-european-countries-demand-access-china-s-xinjiang-education-camps-after-new-leak
- "Last Monday, the Washington-based International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) published the China Cables, consisting of seven classified documents detailing the inner workings of Beijing’s program of detention, mass-surveillance and “re-education” of its Muslim Uyghur minority."
- "Mass surveillance": "The China Cables also contain four “bulletins,” providing details and reasons for the daily use of the “Integrated Joint Operation Platform,” a mass-surveillance and predictive-policing program which analyzes data from Xinjiang and was revealed to the world by Human Rights Watch last year."
- "The ICIJ says the leak represents a first-ever glimpse “revealing the inner workings of the camps,” and give support to an earlier leak of over 400 pages published on November 16, reproduced by the New York Times in their Xinjiang Documents leaks."
- "The combined documents paint a sinister picture of Beijing’s well-advanced plans to “integrate” its complete Uyghur population of some 12 million through what critics say is detention, intimidation, brainwashing and physical and mental torture."
- HRW, How Mass Surveillance Works in Xinjiang, China ‘Reverse Engineering’ Police App Reveals Profiling and Monitoring Strategies, https://www.hrw.org/video-photos/interactive/2019/05/02/china-how-mass-surveillance-works-xinjiang
- "All of this data is being entered into centralized, searchable government databases. While Xinjiang’s systems are particularly intrusive, their basic designs are similar to those the police are planning and implementing throughout China."
- ICIJ, Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian, Exposed: China’s Operating Manuals for Mass Internment and Arrest by Algorithm, (24 November 2019), https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/exposed-chinas-operating-manuals-for-mass-internment-and-arrest-by-algorithm/
- "The classified intelligence briefings reveal the scope and ambition of the government’s artificial-intelligence-powered policing platform, which purports to predict crimes based on these computer-generated findings alone. Experts say the platform, which is used in both policing and military contexts, demonstrates the power of technology to help drive industrial-scale human rights abuses. "
- "The China Cables reveal how the system is able to amass vast amounts of intimate personal data through warrantless manual searches, facial recognition cameras, and other means to identify candidates for detention, flagging for investigation hundreds of thousands merely for using certain popular mobile phone apps. The documents detail explicit directives to arrest Uighurs with foreign citizenship and to track Xinjiang Uighurs living abroad, some of whom have been deported back to China by authoritarian governments. Among those implicated as taking part in the global dragnet: China’s embassies and consulates."
Verify sources
BARNETT
- From Barnett, Viewpoint: Are Tibet burnings plot or policy failure?
16 November 2011 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15738522,
- Verify:" 'Premeditated' "In the eastern Tibetan monasteries which have seen recent immolations, the pressures have been more serious than this. Since 2006, government spending per person on security in the Tibetan areas where the immolations have occurred has been 4.5 times greater than in neighbouring non-Tibetan areas and has increased at twice the rate." "This suggests that a security build-up had begun in these areas at least a year before the first major protest occurred there in 2008, probably because they included one of the largest monasteries on the plateau."
- Cites Xinhua as evidence of plot: "But in fact, there is one piece of evidence that one protest was planned: the Chinese government arrested two Tibetan monks in August for sending photographs to an exile of a fellow monk three days before he set himself on fire, thus "proving that the self-immolation was premeditated", according to Xinhua, China's official news agency." "But no other evidence of a plan has been produced by the Chinese government,..."
- TIN
http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no93014814/ Sourcewatch https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tibet_Information_Network Fr.wiki https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Information_Network Hiring report in Lhasa https://savetibet.org/tag/tibet-information-network/
- 60th anniversary event
https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2011/08/22/chinas-liberation-tibet-rules-game/