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* <ref name="Maula2013">{{cite thesis |title=A Myopic View of the Universe and its Evolution |last=Maula |first=Mast |date=April 2013 |url=https://www.ctp-jamia.res.in/intranet/misc/CTPthesis2018.pdf |degree=PhD |publisher=Jamia Millia Islamia |location=New Delhi}}</ref> |
* <ref name="Maula2013">{{cite thesis |title=A Myopic View of the Universe and its Evolution |last=Maula |first=Mast |date=April 2013 |url=https://www.ctp-jamia.res.in/intranet/misc/CTPthesis2018.pdf |degree=PhD |publisher=Jamia Millia Islamia |location=New Delhi}}</ref> |
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* "2 Theoretische Vorarbeiten |
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⚫ | |||
"2.2 »Paraphysics«, »Parascience« und »Pseudoscience« |
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"CTMU Holistic reinterpretations of relativity, quantum and other modern scientific theories are found in paraphysics and esotericism. These include the »geometrodynamics« of John Wheeler.160, a reformulation of the general theory of relativity, or the so-called »Cognitive Theoretic Model of the Universe« (CTMU) of a certain Christopher Langan. This theory of a contemporary classical paraphysicist shows how paraphysics ties in with more recent developments in institutional science. Langan is an outsider scientist who draws attention to himself primarily through his self-staging. (On his biography and self-stylization see chapter 6 of this paper). In several writings, mainly in a 56-page paper161, Langan presents the CTMU, which is supposed to be a Theory of Everything, i.e. a comprehensive explanation of the origin and functioning of the universe, something that physicists like Stephen Hawking long for in public books. Langan claims to be able to read large aporias of science, such as the incompatibility of quantum mechanics and relativity, the resolution of the contradiction between chance and determinism, the question of the irreversibility of time, the acceleration of the expansion of the universe. He wants to put an end to mind-matter dualism (as has been tried or done many times in the history of science) and, what particularly concerns him, he wants to formulate a critique of Darwin's theory of evolution based on chance or contingency, which he wants to put on a physical-cosmological basis. His complex representation has essentially the goal of defining the universe as a self-perceiving and processing system that writes its own rules for further development and processing and finally produces its own interpretation. The model of the universe, according to Langan, must be a model of perception. The preservation of the Perception is information, which is therefore the subject of Langan's theory, and which must be modelled in such a way that it contains the possibility of self-reflection and self-expression. The CTMU defines the universe or reality as »Self-Configuring Self-Processing Language«162, a reflexive language characterized not only by self-referencing and recursive self-definition, but also by complete self-configuration and self-execution (»reflexive read-write functionality«163 expressed in IT terms). Information should be a union of matter and spirit, and the idea of self-regulation should guarantee that there is no determinism. For determinism, according to Langan, is always foreign determinism from outside the system; the self-determinism advocated by Langan, on the other hand, regulates the supposed easiness in quantum mechanics and evolution. True chance is rejected by Langan as »magic«. The self-genesis of the universe is to serve as a foil for the biological theory of evolution. Insofar as the universe writes its own framework conditions, Langan can reformulate the concept of Intelligent Design. Intelligent Design, i.e. the assumption that an intelligent creator initiated the creation of the universe in 164 and supervised and controlled the further development and also the biological evolution. This intelligent creation could be explained as being the universe itself. Langan's general concept is no different from common modern theories such as cybernetics and systems theory, and the idea of a world that recognizes itself over time is even reminiscent of Hegel's unfolding of the world spirit. He explicitly refers to the aforementioned John Wheeler, the originator of geometrodynamics. It also seems revealing that such a current paraphysical theory is based on the relatively new concept of unfolded information. |
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"The main difference between recognized theories and the CTMU is the lack of academic acceptance, on the one hand, and full-bodied announcements and comprehensive claims on the other. The focus on the topic of Intelligent Design is set in the context that Langan appears as a critic of Darwin and has at least placed an essay in a Christian American creationist anthology.165 His theory makes the God unavailable to physics obsolete. But Langan revives it in so far as theology and spirituality are the results of the self-design of the universe. |
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"Pseudo-science and parascience are thus terms for raising the scientific status of modern esoteric teachings. The term parascience, which marks a spatial relationship to the sciences, is more often used in apologetic contexts, whereas the term pseudoscience is used in ›debunking‹ (exposing) approaches. Under the term pseudoscience rather characterological properties and persuasion strategies are described, while the concept of para-science aims to point to historical parallel developments and an epistemically equivalent status. The CTMU just mentioned, with its connections to computer and cybernetic knowledge, is a relevant example, which at the same time embodies a connecting line to the next chapter, which is devoted to the spiritual interpretation of technology." |
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"160 Cf. Lucadou: Paraphysics, p. 120. |
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"161 Christopher Langan: The Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe. A New Kind of Reality |
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"Theory. In: Progress in Complexity, Information, and Design 2002. URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20180509221058/http://www.megafoundation.org/CTMU/Articles/Langan_CTMU_092902.pdf (visited on 21. 05. 2019). |
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"162 Langan: The Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe, p. 35. pagination follows here a PDF published by Langan himself and not the journal version. |
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"163 Ibid., p. I. |
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"164 Cf. also »Gnosis« and »Demiurg« in the following chapter. |
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⚫ | "165 Christopher Langan: Cheating the Millennium. The Mounting Explanatory Debts of Scientific Naturalism. In: Uncommon Dissent. Intellectuals who find Darwinism unconvincing. Ed. by William Dembski. Wilmington: ISI 2004. In this anthology the physicist Frank Tipler who is mentioned in this work in connection with cybermyst theories.<ref name="Menzler2019">{{cite book|last1=Menzler|first1=Nils|title=Techno-Esoterik in der säkularisierten Moderne: Überzeugungsstrategien, Apparate und die Formung des modernen Subjekts|chapter=Chapter 2: Theoretische Vorarbeiten § 2.2 »Paraphysik«, »Parawissenschaft« und »Pseudowissenschaft« |pages=41–43 |language=German|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XYkExwEACAAJ|date=25 July 2019|publisher=Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden|doi=10.1007/978-3-658-27303-3|isbn=978-3-658-27302-6}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
Revision as of 07:44, 1 July 2020
- "One of the main objections to intelligent design is that it has no model of reality. 32It can detect ‘irreducible complexity’ and through it the footprint of a designer, but it cannot explain how the phenomena it studies came to exist. Darwinism does have an explanation for how the various forms of life origi-nated, namely in less complex organisms. A possible way forward for intelligent design is to adopt the cognitive-theoretic model of the universe (CTMU), a highly teleological attempt at a unified theory of physical reality. The CTMU is the brainchild of Christopher Michael Langan, an independent scholar who, like Darwin, has no academic affiliation. 33Neo-Darwinism is the belief, not shared by Darwin himself, that acquired characteristics cannot be inherited by offspring and that otherwise inexplicable inheritance takes place through mutation. If these appear through acausality, there is a gap in their theory of biological reality which is no less startling than the gap evident through inexplicable design inherent in the ‘irreducible complex-ity’ of proponents of intelligent design. If mutation instead happens according to laws which are not yet known, neo-Darwinism probably has the advantage over intelligent design. Neo-Darwinism’s insistence that acquired characteris-tics are not inherited is based on August Weismann’s experiments, published in 1885, whereby he cut the tails of mice and then bred them. The next genera-tion of mice had tails equal in length to their parents, meaning that inheritance was not affected. Neo-Darwinism is the current orthodoxy among biologists, whereas intelligent design is not highly regarded. However, the CTMU gives intelligent design a possible way out of its difficulty. The CTMU postulates that creation occurs gradually through the universe self-replicating features of itself within itself. 34 Thus, the ‘irreducible complex-ity’ occurs not from the bottom up with simple features becoming complex, but instead top down with a holographic image of the universe being incul-cated into organisms which are in a sense new, rather than modified versions of previous life. Natural selection still takes place in the sense that the uni-verse chooses which of its features to replicate in the new design. Intelligence appears in animals and humans, but it must already have existed in the universe before life capable of cognition appeared. 35 If laws are used to explain condi-tions, then the laws themselves must be explained. This links well to the argu-ment for design because the physical laws of the universe must have appeared from somewhere before they began to be used in shaping the universe. The CTMU is described in brief here only as a curiosity. Such a metaphysi-cal theory, although based on science, can probably not be proved or disproved, and therefore does not advance us much in explaining the universe and how it came into existence. Its connection to intelligent design and the latter theory’s use of the argument for design is what justifies inclusion here. However, the CTMU argues that the universe created itself, and therefore makes God redun-dant as an entity outside the universe. To be sure, it still holds that God exists inside the universe and proposes the idea that cyclic creation is preferable to a layer of causes that continues to infinity or a Prime Mover that is not itself caused. The laws of the universe explain the creation of the universe and the creation of the universe explains the laws of the universe. In the CTMU, reality itself is the designer, and therefore intelligent design must occur. The CTMU is reminiscent of the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel and differs primarily from the latter in being based on cosmological and mathematical lan-guage. Hegel explained the universe through his model thesis–antithesis which led to a synthesis, which would itself have an antithesis and so on. The universe exists and expands because the synthesis of being and nonexistence is becom-ing. Although Hegel’s system pre-dates Darwinism, it is compatible with sim-ple life forms giving rise to more complex ones. Hegel calls this stage in the chronology of the universe ‘pure indeterminate being’ and it leads onwards towards a clear goal which is ‘the end of history’, where humans are mostly in agreement and conflict has ceased. The world-spirit (equivalent to the intel-ligent designer) gains in knowledge of itself as time passes and reaches the stage where ‘thought thinks itself ’, as Hegel unveils his system, which is an explanation of the universe. His system has a clear arrow of progress, towards ever increasing freedom. Since thoughts are free, slavery is an illogical institu-tion and systems of government are put in place whereby, in whatever is the dominant part of the world, more people enjoy freedom than was the case in what was previously the most significant area. Hegel’s philosophy is perhaps the ultimate teleology because all facts and theories are marshalled towards a clear goal and nothing is redundant. ....The CTMU explains how the fresh act of creation occurs, but like intelligent design which it supports, its status is currently unproven, whereas evolution concurs with hundreds of observations noted by Darwin and thousands noted by others." [1]
- "In Reference [14,15], one of the authors discussed the idea of the self–simulation. (After release of our preprint, Christopher Langan contacted us to point out that some of our independently derived ideas are similar to some of his. Upon review of his work [16–18], we acknowledge some similarities, such as the use of the term “self–simulation” [17]. Where “simulation” is defined as something representing something else, a self-simulation is a case where something simulates, i.e., represents or creates itself. The universe creating itself is a rather ancient idea. To our knowledge, the modern idea of reality as a code–in–action was first introduced in 1969 by Finkelstein in The Space–Time Code [19]. In essence, the work of both Langan and ourselves is a synthesis of three general ideas: (1) reality is made of information in the form of code/language [2,3,19–23], (2) reality is a transtemporal system, where things from one time can influence things in other times [24–26] and (3), the substrate of this information is panconsciousness [12] that emerges from itself, as the creator or simulator of itself. Differences in our synthesis include our connection to self-referential vs non-self-referential symbols, strange loops, a finite possibility space for physical information, a unified free energy principle, quasicrystalline codes and details on the nature of retrocausality, to name a few)."[2]
- When reviewing Langan's work on the CTMU, Ben Goertzel remarked the ideas were well worth reading but have gone unnoticed by academic critics.[3]
- One online critique from a mathematician attacks Langan's use of neologisms (or redefined terms) and obscure exposition.[4]
- [8] "Langan is as worried about Wheeler's 'informational reductionism' as materialism's 'physical reductionism,' offers 'a conceptual framework in which the relationship between mind and matter, cognition and information is made explicit.'" cites 2002 paper.
- [9] Argues that while CTMU is unfalsifiable it’s can be confirmed other ways.
- "2 Theoretische Vorarbeiten
"2.2 »Paraphysics«, »Parascience« und »Pseudoscience«
"CTMU Holistic reinterpretations of relativity, quantum and other modern scientific theories are found in paraphysics and esotericism. These include the »geometrodynamics« of John Wheeler.160, a reformulation of the general theory of relativity, or the so-called »Cognitive Theoretic Model of the Universe« (CTMU) of a certain Christopher Langan. This theory of a contemporary classical paraphysicist shows how paraphysics ties in with more recent developments in institutional science. Langan is an outsider scientist who draws attention to himself primarily through his self-staging. (On his biography and self-stylization see chapter 6 of this paper). In several writings, mainly in a 56-page paper161, Langan presents the CTMU, which is supposed to be a Theory of Everything, i.e. a comprehensive explanation of the origin and functioning of the universe, something that physicists like Stephen Hawking long for in public books. Langan claims to be able to read large aporias of science, such as the incompatibility of quantum mechanics and relativity, the resolution of the contradiction between chance and determinism, the question of the irreversibility of time, the acceleration of the expansion of the universe. He wants to put an end to mind-matter dualism (as has been tried or done many times in the history of science) and, what particularly concerns him, he wants to formulate a critique of Darwin's theory of evolution based on chance or contingency, which he wants to put on a physical-cosmological basis. His complex representation has essentially the goal of defining the universe as a self-perceiving and processing system that writes its own rules for further development and processing and finally produces its own interpretation. The model of the universe, according to Langan, must be a model of perception. The preservation of the Perception is information, which is therefore the subject of Langan's theory, and which must be modelled in such a way that it contains the possibility of self-reflection and self-expression. The CTMU defines the universe or reality as »Self-Configuring Self-Processing Language«162, a reflexive language characterized not only by self-referencing and recursive self-definition, but also by complete self-configuration and self-execution (»reflexive read-write functionality«163 expressed in IT terms). Information should be a union of matter and spirit, and the idea of self-regulation should guarantee that there is no determinism. For determinism, according to Langan, is always foreign determinism from outside the system; the self-determinism advocated by Langan, on the other hand, regulates the supposed easiness in quantum mechanics and evolution. True chance is rejected by Langan as »magic«. The self-genesis of the universe is to serve as a foil for the biological theory of evolution. Insofar as the universe writes its own framework conditions, Langan can reformulate the concept of Intelligent Design. Intelligent Design, i.e. the assumption that an intelligent creator initiated the creation of the universe in 164 and supervised and controlled the further development and also the biological evolution. This intelligent creation could be explained as being the universe itself. Langan's general concept is no different from common modern theories such as cybernetics and systems theory, and the idea of a world that recognizes itself over time is even reminiscent of Hegel's unfolding of the world spirit. He explicitly refers to the aforementioned John Wheeler, the originator of geometrodynamics. It also seems revealing that such a current paraphysical theory is based on the relatively new concept of unfolded information.
"The main difference between recognized theories and the CTMU is the lack of academic acceptance, on the one hand, and full-bodied announcements and comprehensive claims on the other. The focus on the topic of Intelligent Design is set in the context that Langan appears as a critic of Darwin and has at least placed an essay in a Christian American creationist anthology.165 His theory makes the God unavailable to physics obsolete. But Langan revives it in so far as theology and spirituality are the results of the self-design of the universe.
"Pseudo-science and parascience are thus terms for raising the scientific status of modern esoteric teachings. The term parascience, which marks a spatial relationship to the sciences, is more often used in apologetic contexts, whereas the term pseudoscience is used in ›debunking‹ (exposing) approaches. Under the term pseudoscience rather characterological properties and persuasion strategies are described, while the concept of para-science aims to point to historical parallel developments and an epistemically equivalent status. The CTMU just mentioned, with its connections to computer and cybernetic knowledge, is a relevant example, which at the same time embodies a connecting line to the next chapter, which is devoted to the spiritual interpretation of technology."
"160 Cf. Lucadou: Paraphysics, p. 120. "161 Christopher Langan: The Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe. A New Kind of Reality "Theory. In: Progress in Complexity, Information, and Design 2002. URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20180509221058/http://www.megafoundation.org/CTMU/Articles/Langan_CTMU_092902.pdf (visited on 21. 05. 2019). "162 Langan: The Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe, p. 35. pagination follows here a PDF published by Langan himself and not the journal version. "163 Ibid., p. I. "164 Cf. also »Gnosis« and »Demiurg« in the following chapter. "165 Christopher Langan: Cheating the Millennium. The Mounting Explanatory Debts of Scientific Naturalism. In: Uncommon Dissent. Intellectuals who find Darwinism unconvincing. Ed. by William Dembski. Wilmington: ISI 2004. In this anthology the physicist Frank Tipler who is mentioned in this work in connection with cybermyst theories.[13]
References
- ^ David Redvaldsen (31 July 2019). "Chapter 5: Charles Darwin and the argument for design". In William Gibson; Dan O'Brien; Marius Turda (eds.). Teleology and Modernity. Taylor & Francis. pp. 197–202. ISBN 978-1-351-14186-4.
- ^ Irwin, Klee; Amaral, Marcelo; Chester, David (2020). "The Self-Simulation Hypothesis Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics". Entropy. 22 (2): 247. Bibcode:2020Entrp..22..247I. doi:10.3390/e22020247. ISSN 1099-4300.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|lay-url=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Goertzel, Ben (2015-10-19). "Langan's "Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe"". The Multiverse According to Ben. Archived from the original on 2016-02-14. Retrieved 2019-09-25.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; 2016-02-15 suggested (help) - ^ C. Chu-Carroll, Mark. "Another Crank comes to visit: The Cognitive Theoretic Model of the Universe". Archived from the original on 2011-02-14.
- ^ Chu-Carroll, Mark (2008-02-21). "Two For One: Crackpot Physics and Crackpot Set Theory". Good Math/Bad Math.
- ^ Fusco, Mark Peter (1 November 2016). "Consciousness in the Wilderness of Mirrors: Trinitarian Kenosis and Created Difference in the Theology of Hans Urs von Balthasar". University of St. Michael’s College.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help); Unknown parameter|degree=
ignored (help) - ^ Schofield, James (May 2017). Dialectical holism : the lost metaphysics of E. E. Harris (PhD thesis). New Zealand: University of Canterbury.
Harris was here anticipating the self-referential ToE, such as (CTMU) Langen [sic] (2002) and Rapoport (2009).
{{cite thesis}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ William A. Dembski (15 April 2016). "Chapter 1: The Challenge of a Material World". Being as Communion: A Metaphysics of Information. Routledge. pp. 1–11. ISBN 978-1-317-17545-2.
- ^ Michelle Kathryn McGee (2016). "Notes from the Existential Underground: The Universe as a Complex Emergent System". Cosmos and History. 12 (2). ISSN 1832-9101.
- ^ Langi, Armein Z. R. (2013). "A theoretical foundation for engineering smart environments through PSV systems". International Conference on ICT for Smart Society. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/ICTSS.2013.6588091. ISBN 978-1-4799-0145-6. S2CID 11727050.
- ^ Langi, A.Z.R (2014). "Computing Literacy as a Foundation for Digital Learning". Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Advances in Education Technology. pp. 1–6. doi:10.2991/icaet-14.2014.1. ISBN 978-94-62520-44-8. ISSN 2352-5398.
{{cite book}}
:|journal=
ignored (help) - ^ Maula, Mast (April 2013). A Myopic View of the Universe and its Evolution (PDF) (PhD thesis). New Delhi: Jamia Millia Islamia.
- ^ Menzler, Nils (25 July 2019). "Chapter 2: Theoretische Vorarbeiten § 2.2 »Paraphysik«, »Parawissenschaft« und »Pseudowissenschaft«". Techno-Esoterik in der säkularisierten Moderne: Überzeugungsstrategien, Apparate und die Formung des modernen Subjekts (in German). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. pp. 41–43. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-27303-3. ISBN 978-3-658-27302-6.