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{{current||current legislative event|date=January 2018}} |
{{current||current legislative event|date=January 2018}} |
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A [[Government shutdowns in the United States|shutdown of the United States federal government]] began at midnight [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]] on Saturday, January 20, 2018, after a failure to pass a relevant legislation funding bill for government operations and agencies. This stemmed from disputes over the status of persons affected by the [[Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals]] (DACA) immigration policy, and therefore whether those covered under the program should face deportation |
A [[Government shutdowns in the United States|shutdown of the United States federal government]] began at midnight [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]] on Saturday, January 20, 2018, after a failure to pass a relevant legislation funding bill for government operations and agencies. This stemmed from disputes over the extension of status of persons affected by the [[Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals]] (DACA) immigration policy, and therefore whether those covered under the program should face deportation. There was also a dispute over whether funding should be allocated towards building a [[Mexico–United States barrier|Mexico–United States border wall]], a keystone policy during [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|Donald Trump's presidential campaign]]. |
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This is the |
This is the first shutdown in United States history to occur while both chambers of Congress as well as the White House are controlled by the same party (in this case the Republicans). The 2018 shutdown began when the [[United States Senate|Senate]] failed to approve a House-passed bill to keep the government open.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Berman|first1=Russell|title=The Government Is Officially Closed for Business|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/01/shutdown-trump-schumer/550991/|accessdate=January 21, 2018|work=The Atlantic|date=January 19, 2018}}</ref> The shutdown began on the first anniversary of [[Inauguration of Donald Trump|Donald Trump taking office]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Government shuts down on one-year anniversary of Trump presidency|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/government-shutdown-2018-01-20-senate-vote-deal-latest-news-live-updates/|accessdate=January 20, 2018|work=CBS News|date=January 20, 2018}}</ref> |
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== Background == |
== Background == |
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The [[2018 United States federal budget|U.S. government's 2018 fiscal year]] began on October 1, 2017. Because regular [[Appropriations bill (United States)|appropriations bills]] to fund the government had not been passed, Congress funded the government through a series of three temporary [[Continuing resolution|continuing resolutions]]. These extended government funding respectively through December 8, 2017,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Snell|first1=Kelsey|title=Senate approves bill doubling hurricane aid package, extending federal borrowing limit|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/mcconnell-introduces-bill-linking-hurricane-aid-package-federal-borrowing-limit/2017/09/07/2c0cf1d6-9382-11e7-8754-d478688d23b4_story.html|accessdate=January 21, 2018|work=The Washington Post|date=September 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/house-set-to-vote-today-on-harvey-aid-package-that-would-also-raise-debt-ceiling/2017/09/08/728ddce8-9494-11e7-8754-d478688d23b4_story.html|title=Trump signs $15 billion Harvey aid package after Republicans booed top White House officials|last=DeBonis|first=Mike|last2=Snell|first2=Kelsey|date=|work=The Washington Post|publisher=[[Jeff Bezos|Nash Holdings LLC]]|location=Washington, D.C.|archive-url=|archivedate=September 8, 2017|dead-url=|accessdate=September 10, 2017}}</ref> December 22, 2017, and January 19, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/after-passing-tax-overhaul-gop-returns-to-infighting-as-shutdown-deadline-looms/2017/12/21/dfad1890-e659-11e7-ab50-621fe0588340_story.html|title=Senate passes stopgap spending bill, allowing Congress to avert partial government shutdown|last=DeBonis|first=Mike|date=December 21, 2017|work=Washington Post|access-date=December 22, 2017|last2=Werner|first2=Erica|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> |
The [[2018 United States federal budget|U.S. government's 2018 fiscal year]] began on October 1, 2017. Because regular [[Appropriations bill (United States)|appropriations bills]] to fund the government had not been passed, Congress funded the government through a series of three temporary [[Continuing resolution|continuing resolutions]]. These extended government funding respectively through December 8, 2017,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Snell|first1=Kelsey|title=Senate approves bill doubling hurricane aid package, extending federal borrowing limit|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/mcconnell-introduces-bill-linking-hurricane-aid-package-federal-borrowing-limit/2017/09/07/2c0cf1d6-9382-11e7-8754-d478688d23b4_story.html|accessdate=January 21, 2018|work=The Washington Post|date=September 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/house-set-to-vote-today-on-harvey-aid-package-that-would-also-raise-debt-ceiling/2017/09/08/728ddce8-9494-11e7-8754-d478688d23b4_story.html|title=Trump signs $15 billion Harvey aid package after Republicans booed top White House officials|last=DeBonis|first=Mike|last2=Snell|first2=Kelsey|date=|work=The Washington Post|publisher=[[Jeff Bezos|Nash Holdings LLC]]|location=Washington, D.C.|archive-url=|archivedate=September 8, 2017|dead-url=|accessdate=September 10, 2017}}</ref> December 22, 2017, and January 19, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/after-passing-tax-overhaul-gop-returns-to-infighting-as-shutdown-deadline-looms/2017/12/21/dfad1890-e659-11e7-ab50-621fe0588340_story.html|title=Senate passes stopgap spending bill, allowing Congress to avert partial government shutdown|last=DeBonis|first=Mike|date=December 21, 2017|work=Washington Post|access-date=December 22, 2017|last2=Werner|first2=Erica|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> |
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The negotiations on a permanent appropriations bill had become entangled with disputes over the [[Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals]] (DACA) immigration policy. DACA is a [[United States|U.S.]] [[immigration policy]] that allowed some individuals who entered the country as [[Minor (law)|minors]], and had either entered or remained in the country illegally, to receive a renewable two-year period of [[deferred action]] from deportation and to be eligible for a [[work permit]]. As of 2017, approximately 800,000 individuals were enrolled in the program created by DACA. The policy was established by the [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Obama Administration]] through executive action in June 2012 in response to Congress' failure to pass the [[DREAM Act]]. The [[Presidency of Donald Trump|Trump Administration]] rescinded DACA in September 2017, setting an expiration date of March 2018 |
The negotiations on a permanent appropriations bill had become entangled with disputes over the [[Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals]] (DACA) immigration policy. DACA is a [[United States|U.S.]] [[immigration policy]] that allowed some individuals who entered the country as [[Minor (law)|minors]], and had either entered or remained in the country illegally, to receive a renewable two-year period of [[deferred action]] from deportation and to be eligible for a [[work permit]]. As of 2017, approximately 800,000 individuals were enrolled in the program created by DACA. The policy was established by the [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Obama Administration]] through executive action in June 2012 in response to Congress' failure to pass the [[DREAM Act]]. The [[Presidency of Donald Trump|Trump Administration]] rescinded DACA in September 2017, setting an expiration date of March 2018, with the stated preference that Congress adopt a legislative solution.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/05/us/politics/dream-act-daca-trump-congress-dreamers.html|title=After 16 Futile Years, Congress Will Try Again to Legalize ‘Dreamers’|last=Alcindor|first=Yamiche|date=September 5, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 6, 2017|last2=Stolberg|first2=Sheryl Gay|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
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== Shutdown == |
== Shutdown == |
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=== Social media === |
=== Social media === |
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The hashtag #TrumpShutdown became the top trending hashtag worldwide on January 20, 2018.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Carter|first1=Brandon|title=#TrumpShutdown becomes top trending hashtag worldwide|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/369882-trumpshutdown-becomes-top-trending-hashtag-worldwide|accessdate=January 20, 2018|work=The Hill|date=January 19, 2018}}</ref> By the afternoon of January 20, #TrumpShutdown had been used some 2.6 million times on [[Twitter]], [[Facebook]], and [[Instagram]]; while the hashtag #SchumerShutdown was mentioned 1.3 million times during the same period. Other existing hashtags, such as #GOPShutdown and #DemShutdown, were mentioned 236,000 and 107,000 times respectively.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Caspani|first1=Maria|title=As parties battle over shutdown, Trump collects blame on Twitter|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-congress-shutdown-hashtags/as-parties-battle-over-shutdown-trump-collects-blame-on-twitter-idUSKBN1F912A|accessdate=January 21, 2018|agency=Reuters|date=January 20, 2018}}</ref> |
The hashtag #TrumpShutdown became the top trending hashtag worldwide on January 20, 2018.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Carter|first1=Brandon|title=#TrumpShutdown becomes top trending hashtag worldwide|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/369882-trumpshutdown-becomes-top-trending-hashtag-worldwide|accessdate=January 20, 2018|work=The Hill|date=January 19, 2018}}</ref> By the afternoon of January 20, #TrumpShutdown had been used some 2.6 million times on [[Twitter]], [[Facebook]], and [[Instagram]]; while the hashtag #SchumerShutdown, promoted by [[Russian bots]],<ref name=hillbots>[http://thehill.com/policy/technology/370044-advocacy-group-schumershutdown-becomes-top-hashtag-used-by-russia-bots]</ref> |
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was mentioned 1.3 million times during the same period. Other existing hashtags, such as #GOPShutdown and #DemShutdown, were mentioned 236,000 and 107,000 times respectively.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Caspani|first1=Maria|title=As parties battle over shutdown, Trump collects blame on Twitter|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-congress-shutdown-hashtags/as-parties-battle-over-shutdown-trump-collects-blame-on-twitter-idUSKBN1F912A|accessdate=January 21, 2018|agency=Reuters|date=January 20, 2018}}</ref> |
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=== Public opinion === |
=== Public opinion === |
Revision as of 06:50, 22 January 2018
This article is part of a series on the |
Budget and debt in the United States of America |
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A shutdown of the United States federal government began at midnight EST on Saturday, January 20, 2018, after a failure to pass a relevant legislation funding bill for government operations and agencies. This stemmed from disputes over the extension of status of persons affected by the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) immigration policy, and therefore whether those covered under the program should face deportation. There was also a dispute over whether funding should be allocated towards building a Mexico–United States border wall, a keystone policy during Donald Trump's presidential campaign.
This is the first shutdown in United States history to occur while both chambers of Congress as well as the White House are controlled by the same party (in this case the Republicans). The 2018 shutdown began when the Senate failed to approve a House-passed bill to keep the government open.[1] The shutdown began on the first anniversary of Donald Trump taking office.[2]
Background
The U.S. government's 2018 fiscal year began on October 1, 2017. Because regular appropriations bills to fund the government had not been passed, Congress funded the government through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. These extended government funding respectively through December 8, 2017,[3][4] December 22, 2017, and January 19, 2018.[5]
The negotiations on a permanent appropriations bill had become entangled with disputes over the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) immigration policy. DACA is a U.S. immigration policy that allowed some individuals who entered the country as minors, and had either entered or remained in the country illegally, to receive a renewable two-year period of deferred action from deportation and to be eligible for a work permit. As of 2017, approximately 800,000 individuals were enrolled in the program created by DACA. The policy was established by the Obama Administration through executive action in June 2012 in response to Congress' failure to pass the DREAM Act. The Trump Administration rescinded DACA in September 2017, setting an expiration date of March 2018, with the stated preference that Congress adopt a legislative solution.[6]
Shutdown
External videos | |
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Senate Cloture Vote Tally on CR: 50–49, January 19, 2018, C-SPAN |
As of January 19, 2018, the Extension of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (H.R. 195) was under consideration to extend funding through February 16, 2018. The bill passed the House on January 18, but a cloture vote in the Senate failed 50–49,[7] with 60 votes required to end a Democrat-led filibuster,[8] at around 10:45 pm EST, shortly before the midnight expiration of the previous continuing resolution. Forty-five Republicans were joined by five Democrats in voting yes to the cloture motion on the resolution, while four Republicans voted against cloture. This continuing resolution, supported by Republican leadership, included a six-year authorization for the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), which had not been funded since October, and delayed several healthcare taxes stemming from the Affordable Care Act. Democrats preferred a shorter resolution lasting a few days, intending for negotiations to incorporate an extension of the DACA policy.[9]
style="width: 2px; background-color: #E81B23;" data-sort-value="Republican Party (United States)" | style="width: 2px; background-color: #3333FF;" data-sort-value="Democratic Party (United States)" | style="width: 2px; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |Party | Votes for | Votes against | Not voting/Absent | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican (51) | 45 | |||
Democratic (47) | 42 | – | ||
Independent (2) | – | – | ||
Total (100) | 50 | 49 | 1 |
As the shutdown began, Democratic Senator Claire McCaskill proposed a bill that would ensure the military would continue being paid and receive death benefits during the shutdown; such a continuing resolution had been passed unanimously during the 2013 shutdown. Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell objected to the measure, wanting to "restore funding for the entire government before this becomes necessary". This resulted in the bill's failure.[11][12] In proposing the bill, McCaskill had noted that Trump had blamed Democrats if the military were to go unpaid during the shutdown.[13] McConnell himself had also accused Democrats of keeping "the government shuttered for American troops, American veterans, American military families".[14] One day after this bill failed, Vice President Mike Pence told American troops in Syria that "a minority in the Senate has decided to play politics with military pay".[15]
On January 20, McConnell called for a vote at 1 am EST on January 22 for a bill that would keep the government open through February 8, and was not likely to include concessions Democrats are seeking on immigration.[16] On the night of January 21, McConnell moved to delay the procedural vote on a temporary spending bill, scheduling it to take place at noon EST on January 22.[17]
Effects
The Trump administration announced its intention to minimize the impact of the shutdown. National Park Service (NPS) facilities will generally remain open, although staff will still be furloughed and some areas of parks may be closed if the lack of staff requires it.[18] National monuments in Washington, D.C. will remain open.[19]
Some agencies may stay open for a limited time by using unspent funds from sources other than annual appropriations, or using fee revenue.[18] The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) can remain open for a few weeks after the shut down since it will have access to fees already collected in prior years,[20] the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that it could stay open for a week, and workers from the Department of Energy (DOE) and Department of State (DOS) were told to report to work on Monday.[21]
Unlike in previous shutdowns, the local government in Washington, D.C. will continue operating through the shutdown, due to a provision enacted in the previous year's appropriations legislation, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017.[22]
Due to their status as federal service academies, the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) and the United States Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) canceled all of their collegiate athletic events until further notice;[23][24] the United States Coast Guard Academy (USCGA), United States Naval Academy (USNA), and United States Military Academy (USMA, a.k.a. Army) were not forced to cancel or reschedule games due to how their athletic programs are organized and funded.[25] The Army Black Knights men's ice hockey team was reportedly forced to cancel its yearly hockey rivalry game against the Royal Military College of Canada Paladins,[26] but the game was later announced to happen as scheduled.[27]
The Department of Defense said that the American Forces Network (AFN) would not be operating during the government shutdown.[28] However, AFN broadcast NFL playoff games on January 21 after two channels—for news and sports—remained on.[29]
Reactions
Politicians
On January 19, Trump tweeted that it is "[n]ot looking good for our great Military or Safety & Security on the very dangerous Southern Border. Dems want a Shutdown in order to help diminish the great success of the Tax Cuts, and what they are doing for our booming economy."[30]
In a statement, the White House blamed the shutdown on Senate Democrats and said that it would not negotiate with the Democrats on immigration.[31] The President's planned trip to Mar-a-Lago in Florida was postponed hours prior to the shutdown.[32]
Referencing his meeting with Trump, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer said in a statement, "We discussed all of the major outstanding issues, we made some progress, but we still have a good number of disagreements. The discussions will continue."[33]
As the deadline for the 2018 funding approached, commentators pointed out Donald Trump's previous statements regarding shutdowns. In May 2017, Trump said that "our country needs a 'good shutdown'".[34] Back in 2013 during the Obama presidency, Trump, when asked who should be "fired" if there is a government shut down answered, "if you say who gets fired it always has to be the top (...) problems start from the top and they have to get solved from the top and the president’s the leader (...) when they talk about the government shutdown, they’re going to be talking about the president of the United States, who the president was at that time", and that in a shutdown, "the pressure" was on the president.[34][35]
On January 21, Trump tweeted, "If stalemate continues, Republicans should go to 51% (Nuclear Option) and vote on real, long term budget, no C.R.'s!"[36] However, a representative for McConnell said the majority leader was opposed to using the nuclear option.[37] Republican Senator Susan Collins said that a group of more than twenty moderates will present ideas for resolving the shutdown of the federal government to the Senate's leadership.[38]
In a speech to US servicemembers at a military facility near the Jordan–Syria border, Vice President Mike Pence said that immigration talks between lawmakers and the White House couldn't proceed until the government reopens.[39][40] Republican Senator Lindsey Graham criticized White House policy advisor Stephen Miller, saying negotiations were going nowhere as long as he is in charge of negotiating immigration.[41]
Social media
The hashtag #TrumpShutdown became the top trending hashtag worldwide on January 20, 2018.[42] By the afternoon of January 20, #TrumpShutdown had been used some 2.6 million times on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram; while the hashtag #SchumerShutdown, promoted by Russian bots,[43] was mentioned 1.3 million times during the same period. Other existing hashtags, such as #GOPShutdown and #DemShutdown, were mentioned 236,000 and 107,000 times respectively.[44]
Public opinion
In a CNN poll conducted between January 14–18, 56 percent of respondents said avoiding a shutdown was more important than continuing DACA as opposed to 34 percent who said the opposite.[45] In another poll conducted by Politico and Morning Consult between January 18–19, voters were equally divided on whether it was worth it to shut down the government to pass a bill that allows those eligible for DACA to stay in the US. On other issues, 27 percent said it was worth it to shut down the government for border wall funding, 55 percent for increased defense funding, and 64 percent for renewing CHIP.[46]
Poll source | Fieldwork | Trump | Congress | All | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republicans | Democrats | |||||
Politico/Morning Consult | January 18–19, 2018 | — | 41% | 36% | — | [46] |
The Washington Post/ABC News | January 15–18, 2018 | 48% | 28% | 18% | [47] | |
CNN | January 14–18, 2018 | 21% | 26% | 31% | 10% | [45] |
See also
References
- ^ Berman, Russell (January 19, 2018). "The Government Is Officially Closed for Business". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ "Government shuts down on one-year anniversary of Trump presidency". CBS News. January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ Snell, Kelsey (September 7, 2017). "Senate approves bill doubling hurricane aid package, extending federal borrowing limit". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ DeBonis, Mike; Snell, Kelsey. "Trump signs $15 billion Harvey aid package after Republicans booed top White House officials". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
requires|archive-url=
(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=
(help) - ^ DeBonis, Mike; Werner, Erica (December 21, 2017). "Senate passes stopgap spending bill, allowing Congress to avert partial government shutdown". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ Alcindor, Yamiche; Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (September 5, 2017). "After 16 Futile Years, Congress Will Try Again to Legalize 'Dreamers'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
- ^ "Government Shuts Down as Senate Fails to Advance Spending Measure". January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ "Senate Republicans plan Monday 1 a.m. vote to end government shutdown". WLUK. Washington, D.C.: Sinclair Broadcast Group. January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ DeBonis, Mike; O'Keefe, Ed; Werner, Erica; Viebeck, Elise (January 19, 2018). "Vote on funding bill fails in Senate, virtually assuring government shutdown at midnight". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ "Roll Call Vote 115th Congress - 2nd Session". United States Senate. January 19, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ Lamothe, Dan (January 20, 2018). "Amid government shutdown, the military becomes major front in political battle". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ Senator McConnell Objects to Military Pay Protection. C-SPAN. January 19, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ Willis, Oliver (January 20, 2018). "Watch Mitch McConnell kill effort to protect military pay as GOP pushed for shutdown". Shareblue Media. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ Tritten, Travis J. (January 20, 2018). "Congress barrels into shutdown without protecting military pay". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ Cullen, Terence. "Pence rails against Senate over shutdown in speech to troops". New York Daily News. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Lawler, Dave (January 20, 2018). "Shutdown squabble continues, with vote set for 1 a.m. Monday". Axios. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ Fandos, Nicholas; Kaplan, Thomas (January 21, 2018). "Shutdown Will Go Into Monday as Senate Inches Toward Deal". The New York Times. Washington, D.C. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ a b Dlouhy, Jennifer A.; Flavelle, Christopher (January 19, 2018). "Trump Administration Says It'll Run Shutdown Differently, Keep Parks Open". Bloomberg. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ Naylor, Brian (January 19, 2018). "Open Or Closed? Here's What Happens In A Partial Government Shutdown". NPR. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ Quinn, Gene (January 19, 2018). "UPDATE: USPTO to Remain Open in spite of Government Shutdown". IPWatchdog. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ Heckman, Jory (January 19, 2018). "EPA, Energy Department intend to stay open past shutdown deadline". Federal News Radio. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=
(help) - ^ Connolly, Griffin (January 19, 2018). "D.C. Stays Open This Time Around — Even If Federal Government Shuts Down". Roll Call. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ "Air Force cancels games due to government shutdown". ESPN. January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ "USMMA Athletics Notice". Kings Point: United States Merchant Marine Academy. January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ "Air Force Cancels All Athletic Events Due to Government Shutdown". Sports Illustrated. Associated Press. January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ "Air Force Games Postponed Over Government Shutdown". College Hockey News. January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ Army WP Hockey [@ArmyWP_Hockey] (January 20, 2018). "We are still playing tonight. Nothing has changed #GoArmy" (Tweet). Retrieved January 21, 2018 – via Twitter.
- ^ Kenny, Caroline (January 20, 2018). "Deployed troops can't watch NFL playoffs during shutdown". Washington, D.C.: CNN. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ "AFN to broadcast NFL's championship games despite government shutdown". ESPN. Associated Press. January 21, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ Trump, Donald [@realDonaldTrump] (January 20, 2018). "Not looking good for our great Military or Safety & Security on the very dangerous Southern Border. Dems want a Shutdown in order to help diminish the great success of the Tax Cuts, and what they are doing for our booming economy" (Tweet). Retrieved January 20, 2018 – via Twitter.
- ^ "The Latest: Schumer says Trump 'backed off' deal". Washington, D.C.: ABC News. Associated Press. January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ Berman, Russell (January 20, 2018). "The Government Is Officially Closed for Business". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ Shaw, Adam; Pappas, Alex; Richardson, Matt (January 20, 2018). "Government braces for shutdown as Senate fails to meet deadline for spending deal". Fox News. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ a b Korte, Gregory (January 19, 2018). "Trump's had some very different views on government shutdowns over the years". USA Today. Washington, D.C. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ Thomsen, Jacqueline (January 19, 2018). "Trump's comments blaming Obama for 2013 government shutdown resurface". The Hill. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ Sharman, Jon (January 21, 2018). "US government shutdown latest: Donald Trump threatens Democrats with 51% 'nuclear option' after failure to pass spending bill". The Indeptendent. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ Calia, Mike; Pramuk, Jacob (January 21, 2018). "Despite Trump tweet, McConnell opposes using 'nuclear option' in shutdown battle". CNBC. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ "Collins: Moderates taking U.S. budget fix ideas to Senate leaders". Washington, D.C. Reuters. January 21, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ Liptak, Kevin; Malloy, Allie (January 21, 2018). "Pence says immigration talks over until government reopens". CNN. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ "Pence blames Dems for shutdown in speech to troops". Axios. January 21, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ Schor, Elana (January 21, 2018). "Graham tees off on Stephen Miller over immigration". Politico. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ Carter, Brandon (January 19, 2018). "#TrumpShutdown becomes top trending hashtag worldwide". The Hill. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Caspani, Maria (January 20, 2018). "As parties battle over shutdown, Trump collects blame on Twitter". Reuters. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ a b Agiesta, Jennifer (January 19, 2018). "CNN poll: DACA not worth a shutdown, except to Democrats". Washington, D.C.: CNN. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ a b Shepard, Steven (January 21, 2018). "Who gets blamed for the shutdown? Here's what the polls say". Politico. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ Clement, Scott (January 19, 2018). "More Americans blame Republicans than Democrats for potential government shutdown, Post-ABC poll finds". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 20, 2018.