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Although [[HD video]] capable cameras often include an HDMI interface for playback or [[live preview]], most cameras compress the signal substantially, using a lossy compression method such as [[MPEG]] or [[H.264]]. In the compression process, a substantial amount of the captured data is removed, which reduces visual quality. Editing video which has never been compressed allows a final result with better quality, and compression is then applied after all editing has been performed. In a true "Clean HDMI" implementation, the camera will either transmit the signal as it is captured "live," without the intermediate use of lossy compression, or the camera will capture, store, and transmit video in a RAW uncompressed format. |
Although [[HD video]] capable cameras often include an HDMI interface for playback or [[live preview]], most cameras compress the signal substantially, using a lossy compression method such as [[MPEG]] or [[H.264]]. In the compression process, a substantial amount of the captured data is removed, which reduces visual quality. Editing video which has never been compressed allows a final result with better quality, and compression is then applied after all editing has been performed. In a true "Clean HDMI" implementation, the camera will either transmit the signal as it is captured "live," without the intermediate use of lossy compression, or the camera will capture, store, and transmit video in a RAW uncompressed format. |
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This article focuses on HDMI, because it is the dominant digital video interface used in cameras today{{cn|date=June 2015}} |
This article focuses on HDMI, because it is the dominant digital video interface used in cameras today.{{when?|date=July 2015}}{{cn|date=June 2015}} However, uncompressed video can be transmitted over other types of baseband video interfaces, such as [[DVI]], [[DisplayPort]] and [[Serial digital interface|SDI]]. Uncompressed video can also be copied from a storage card, if the video is captured in a RAW format. It is important to note that all video modes used in the [[HDMI]] transmit uncompressed digital video. The distinction here is that the video content is "clean," and has never been subjected to quality loss from compression. |
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==Characteristics== |
==Characteristics== |
Revision as of 13:53, 19 July 2015
Uncompressed video is digital video that either has never been compressed or was generated by decompressing video encoded in a lossless compression format. It is commonly employed by video cameras, which may convey it over various interfaces such as CamaraLink, DVI, HDMI, and SDI. It provides video of higher quality than is possible from decompressing lossy compression formats.[1]
Although HD video capable cameras often include an HDMI interface for playback or live preview, most cameras compress the signal substantially, using a lossy compression method such as MPEG or H.264. In the compression process, a substantial amount of the captured data is removed, which reduces visual quality. Editing video which has never been compressed allows a final result with better quality, and compression is then applied after all editing has been performed. In a true "Clean HDMI" implementation, the camera will either transmit the signal as it is captured "live," without the intermediate use of lossy compression, or the camera will capture, store, and transmit video in a RAW uncompressed format.
This article focuses on HDMI, because it is the dominant digital video interface used in cameras today.[when?][citation needed] However, uncompressed video can be transmitted over other types of baseband video interfaces, such as DVI, DisplayPort and SDI. Uncompressed video can also be copied from a storage card, if the video is captured in a RAW format. It is important to note that all video modes used in the HDMI transmit uncompressed digital video. The distinction here is that the video content is "clean," and has never been subjected to quality loss from compression.
Characteristics
The lossless video has no compression artifacts.
Currently there is no standardized lossless video file format except for HDMI[citation needed], which uses the YCbCr and RGB formats listed below. This makes it necessary to store it best with a related description file about the used resolution and video mode. These files can be combined with lossless compression with the use of file archivers.
Lossless video compression
Lossless video compression can be delivered with a variety of video codecs. In test some codecs performed an average compression of over factor 3.[2]
Uncompressed video recording
Setting up the camera is often new especially for DSLR users.[3][4] The built in video interface in cameras is mostly an HDMI or, in professional cameras, a Serial digital interface (SDI or HD-SDI); converters between both are available.[5]
Uncompressed video recorder
Portable recorders[6] are an easy, reliable and complete solution for receiving and storing uncompressed video. Partly they receive uncompressed video, but only record lossy compressed video, often in the lossy Apple ProRes 422 or DNxHD codecs.[7][8] Professional recorders support multiple channels of uncompressed HDMI, DVI or (HD-)SDI recording, but are limited by the total data rate.[9]
Recording to a computer
Recording to a computer enables low-cost to highest performance solutions for laptop or desktop computers, but the computer should be prepared as it must act like a real-time operating system (RTOS). Any other significant program activity including background processes - for example not needed Windows startup processes (use for example Autoruns) or Windows services (use Service Control Manager), including automatic updates or virus scanners - may disrupt, distort or stop the video recording. Disconnection of not needed computer networks and increasing the process priority of the recording realtime process often helps to use most of the computer speed. Hard disk drives have to be fast solid-state drives (SSDs) and/or RAID to be capable of the data-rate of HD videos and/or multiple channels.
Video capture interface
HDMI, DVI and HD-SDI inputs are available as PCI Express (partly multi-channel) or ExpressCard, USB 3.0[10] and Thunderbolt interface[11][12][13] also for 2160p (4K resolution).[14][15]
Wireless video interface
Most Wireless interfaces like Wireless LAN (WLAN, Wi-Fi), WiDi, Wireless Home Digital Interface (WHDI), can be used to transmit uncompressed digital video, but only with low resolutions, as even 1920x1080p@24 Hz requires 1.2 Gbit/s data rate exceeding for example IEEE 802.11ac. The WirelessHD interface, however, which uses a 60 GHz wireless link, can transmit uncompressed digital video. The Wireless Gigabit Alliance also aims to use a 60 GHz wireless link. However, any disruption or bandwidth decrease of the wireless connection will reduce quality, or even stop the video recording.
Uncompressed video recording software
Software for uncompressed video is often supplied with suitable hardware or available for free: Ingex (open source).[16]
Storage and Data Rates for Uncompressed Video
Constant bitrate formula: Uncompressed data rate = color depths * vertical resolution * horizontal resolution * refresh frequency
- Examples
24bit @ 1080i @ 60fps :24*1920*1080*60/2=1.49 Gbit/s.
24bit @ 1080p @ 60fps :24*1920*1080*60=2.98 Gbit/s.
The storage and data rates for the widely used YCbCr 4:2:2 chroma subsampling uncompressed video are listed below:
- 525 NTSC uncompressed
8 bit @ 720 x 486 @ 29.97fps = 20 MB/s, or 70 GB/h.
10 bit @ 720 x 486 @ 29.97fps = 27 MB/s, or 94 GB/h.
- 625 PAL uncompressed
8 bit @ 720 x 576 @ 25fps = 20 MB/s, or 70 GB/h.
10 bit @ 720 x 576 @ 25fps = 26 MB/s, or 93 GB/h.
- 720p HDTV uncompressed
8 bit @ 1280 x 720 @ 59.94fps = 105 MB/s, or 370 GB/h.
10 bit @ 1280 x 720 @ 59.94fps = 140 MB/s, or 494 GB/h.
- 1080i and 1080p HDTV uncompressed
8 bit @ 1920 x 1080 @ 24fps = 95 MB/s, or 334 GB/h.
10 bit @ 1920 x 1080 @ 24fps = 127 MB/s, or 445 GB/h.
8 bit @ 1920 x 1080 @ 25fps = 99 MB/s, or 348 GB/h.
10 bit @ 1920 x 1080 @ 25fps = 132 MB/s, or 463 GB/h.
8 bit @ 1920 x 1080 @ 29.97fps = 119 MB/s, or 417 GB/h.
10 bit @ 1920 x 1080 @ 29.97fps = 158 MB/s, or 556 GB/h.
1080i and 1080p HDTV RGB (4:4:4) uncompressed
10 bit @ 1280 x 720p @ 60fps = 211 MB/s, or 742 GB/h.
10 bit @ 1920 x 1080 @ 24fps = 190 MB/s, or 667 GB/h.
10 bit @ 1920 x 1080 @ 50i = 198 MB/s, or 695 GB/h.
10 bit @ 1920 x 1080 @ 60i = 237 MB/s, or 834 GB/h.
HDMI Specifications
According to HDMI 1.3a Spec.
Detailed timing is found in CEA-861-D or a later version of CEA-861 for the following video format timings. HDMI 2.0 supports higher resolutions, which are defined in CEA-861-F.
Cameras mostly use the progressive segmented frame format: for example a 25p/30p progressive scan is transported in a 50i/60i interlaced format respectively, but with identical information: No deinterlacing should be used.
- Primary Video Format Timings
• 640x480p @ 59.94/60 Hz
• 1280x720p @ 59.94/60 Hz
• 1920x1080i @ 59.94/60 Hz
• 720x480p @ 59.94/60 Hz
• 720(1440)x480i @ 59.94/60 Hz
• 1280x720p @ 50 Hz
• 1920x1080i @ 50 Hz
• 720x576p @ 50 Hz
• 720(1440)x576i @ 50 Hz
- Secondary Video Format Timings
• 720(1440)x240p @ 59.94/60 Hz
• 2880x480i @ 59.94/60 Hz
• 2880x240p @ 59.94/60 Hz
• 1440x480p @ 59.94/60 Hz
• 1920x1080p @ 59.94/60 Hz
• 720(1440)x288p @ 50 Hz
• 2880x576i @ 50 Hz
• 2880x288p @ 50 Hz
• 1440x576p @ 50 Hz
• 1920x1080p @ 50 Hz
• 1920x1080p @ 23.98/24 Hz
• 1920x1080p @ 25 Hz
• 1920x1080p @ 29.97/30 Hz
• 2880x480p @ 59.94/60 Hz
• 2880x576p @ 50 Hz
• 1920x1080i (1250 total) @ 50 Hz
• 720(1440)x480i @ 119.88/120 Hz
• 720x480p @ 119.88/120 Hz
• 1920x1080i @ 119.88/120 Hz
• 1280x720p @ 119.88/120 Hz
• 720(1440)x480i @ 239.76/240 Hz
• 720x480p @ 239.76/240 Hz
• 720(1440)x576i @ 100 Hz
• 720x576p @ 100 Hz
• 1920x1080i @ 100 Hz
• 1280x720p @ 100 Hz
• 720(1440)x576i @ 200 Hz
• 720X576p @ 200 Hz
- Pixel Encodings and Color Depth
There are three different pixel encodings that may be sent across an HDMI cable: YCbCr 4:4:4 (chroma subsampling), YCbCr 4:2:2 and RGB 4:4:4.
There are four color depths supported: 24-, 30-, 36- and 48-bits per pixel.
In HDMI 2.0, it is possible to transmit 4:2:0 chroma subsampling, but only in 4K50 and 4K60 resolution.
See also
- List of video cameras supporting a raw format
- Data compression
- Nikon Expeed Video processor
- Uncompressed audio
- DPX and MXF files are used in professional video files systems.
- TIFF files are used in AV and professional video files systems.
References
- ^ Using Uncompressed Audio and Video Streams Microsoft
- ^ Lossless Codecs Comparison ‘2007 PDF
- ^ Capturing HDMI Video: A quick guide to getting the best video from a D4 or D800 Tom Hogan
- ^ Master Guide to Rigging a Nikon D800 or D800E for Video Wolfcrow
- ^ HD-SDI / HDMI digital video converters Atomos
- ^ The world's smallest uncompressed video recorder Blackmagic
- ^ Portable HD Field Recorder, Monitor, Playback And Playout Devices Atomos
- ^ Video Recorders Sound Devices
- ^ Video Disk Recorder KEISOKU GIKEN
- ^ Compare USB Video Grabbers Epiphan
- ^ Intensity models Blackmagic
- ^ HD-SDI Express/34 Imperx
- ^ OEM video card for 8-10-12-bit HD-SD SDI digital video to PCI Express Deltacast
- ^ Capture Card Series Magewell
- ^ DeckLink models Blackmagic
- ^ Ingex Studio - Multi-camera Tapeless Recording
External links
- Video bitrate calculator Forret
- Uncompressed Digital Video Creative Planet Network
- Uncompressed vs. Compressed Video Creative Planet Network
- Master Guide to Rigging a Nikon D800 or D800E for Video Wolfcrow