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Revision as of 13:14, 7 September 2011
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Ufa
Уфа | |
---|---|
Other transcription(s) | |
• Bashkir | Өфө |
• Tatar | Уфа |
Ufa | |
Coordinates: 54°43′34″N 55°56′51″E / 54.72611°N 55.94750°E | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Bashkortostan |
Founded | 1574 |
Government | |
• Body | Council |
• Head | Pavel Kachkayev |
Area | |
• Total | 710.16 km2 (274.19 sq mi) |
Elevation | 150 m (490 ft) |
Population | |
• Total | 1,062,300 |
• Estimate (2018)[2] | 1,120,547 (+5.5%) |
• Rank | 11th in 2010 |
• Density | 1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi) |
• Capital of | Republic of Bashkortostan |
• Capital of | Ufimsky District |
• Urban okrug | Ufa Urban Okrug |
Time zone | UTC+5 (MSK+2 [3]) |
Postal code(s)[4] | 450000—450140 |
Dialing code(s) | +7 347 |
OKTMO ID | 80701000001 |
City Day | June 12 |
Website | www |
Ufa (Russian: Уфа́; Bashkir: Өфө) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. Ufa is the industrial, economic, scientific and cultural center of the republic. With a population of 1,062,300 (2010 Census preliminary results), Ufa is one of the largest cities in Russia.[1]
History
The city began as a fortress built on the orders of Ivan IV in 1574, and originally bore the name of the hill it stood on, Tura-Tau. It achieved town status in 1586.
In the 18th century Ufa evolved into an administrative, trading, manufacturing and cultural center of Russia. Ufa Municipal Public Bank was established on December 15, 1876.
In 1918, Ufa was the residence of the Provisional All-Russian Government.
On June 14, 1922, the Decree of the All-Union Central Executive Committee abolished Ufimskaya Guberniya (Ufa Province), and Ufa became the capital of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
The discovery of oil in Bashkiriya made Ufa one of the centers of the USSR oil extracting and oil refining industries.
During World War II, following eastward Soviet retreat in 1941, Ufa became the wartime seat of the Soviet Ukrainian government.
Geography and climate
Ufa is situated in eastern Europe near its land boundary with Asia, at the confluence of the Belaya and the Ufa rivers, on low hills to the west of the southern Urals. The city stretches 50 kilometers from the southwest to the northeast and occupies over 710 square kilometers. The distance from Moscow by train is 1567 km.
Climate data for Ufa | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −10.4 (13.3) |
−8 (18) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
10.5 (50.9) |
20.1 (68.2) |
23.8 (74.8) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.9 (73.2) |
17.1 (62.8) |
7.0 (44.6) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
8.3 (47.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −19.5 (−3.1) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
6.1 (43.0) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40 (1.6) |
32 (1.3) |
27 (1.1) |
37 (1.5) |
38 (1.5) |
61 (2.4) |
63 (2.5) |
58 (2.3) |
53 (2.1) |
60 (2.4) |
54 (2.1) |
46 (1.8) |
569 (22.6) |
Average precipitation days | 11 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 109 |
Source: World Meteorological Organisation (UN) [6] |
Demographics
Nationally, dominated by Russian (50,2%), Bashkirs (14,8%) and Tatars (28,1%). In addition, numerous (more than 1000 people) are Ukrainians (17,772 people), Chuvash (10,586 people), Mari (9616 people), Belarusians (5556 people), Mordovians (3975 people), Armenian (2822 people), Germans (2213 people), Jews (2082 people), Azeris (2075 people).[7]
Population dynamics
Years | Population | including | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Bashkirs | Russians | Tatars | ||
Middle XVII century | 700—800 | |||
1718 | 5,600 | |||
1811 | 9,200 | |||
1840 | 16,500 | |||
1865 | 20,100 | |||
1879 | 23,200 | |||
1886 | 27,000 | |||
1897 | 49,300 | 3 151 | 42 062 | 2 524 |
1913 | 100,700 | |||
1916 | 112,700 | |||
1920 | 92,800 | |||
1923 | 85,300 | |||
1926 | 98,500 | 4 632 | 74 785 | 14 331 |
1939 | 250,000 | |||
1959 | 546,900 | 30 321 | 355 192 | 115 146 |
1970 | 770,900 | 54 368 | 475 480 | 183 326 |
1979 | 976,858 | 92 678 | 568 504 | 240 881 |
1989 | 1,079,765 | 122 026 | 585 337 | 291 190 |
2002 | 1,049,479 | 154 928 | 530 136 | 294 399 |
2007 | 1,030,001 | |||
2008 | 1,028,700 | |||
2009 | 1,032,051 | |||
2010 | 1,071,600 |
Government and administration
- Local government
The bodies of local self-government of Ufa are:
- Council, a representative body. Formed of 35 deputies for 4 years.
- Chairman of the Board - the head of the city district. Term of 4 years.
- Urban Okrug Administration. The structure of the administration approved by the Council on the proposal of the Head of the Administration.
- Head of the Administration manages the administration on the principles of unity of command. He is appointed under a contract entered into by the results of the competition. Term of office of the Head of the Administration limited to the period of office of the Council of the convocation.[8]
Republican and federal
- Electoral Commission of the Urban Okrug
- Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan
- Ministries of the Republic
Courts In Ufa is Constitutional Court, Arbitration Court and Supreme Court of the Republic of Bashkortostan,[9] and War, world and district court.
Economy
Industry
Urban enterprises engaged in oil refining, chemistry, mechanical engineering. The economy of Ufa amount of fuel and energy and engineering complexes.
The volume of shipped goods of own production, made its own works and services to manufacturing industry in 2009 - 185.0 billion rubles. ((DB regions of the Volga district))
In Ufa holds about 200 large and medium industrial enterprises.[10]
There are some important enterprises in Ufa:
- UMPO (Ufa Engine Industrial Association) (Russian: ОАО «Уфимское моторостроительное производственное объединение»): founded in 1925 whose main products are jet engines[11]
- Bashneft (Russian: ОАО «АНК «Башнефть»»): oil and gas company[12]
- UFNC (Ufaneftekhim) (Russian: ОАО «Уфанефтехим»): oil and petrochemical company[13]
Finance
Ufa is a donor of the republic's and federal budgets. About 62.8 % of tax revenues accumulated on the territory of Ufa City municipal district of Bashkortostan Republic are directed to the federal budget and 29 % to the republic's budget.
Transport
Ufa is linked by railways to the rest of Russia, having a railway station on a historic branch of the Transsib. Ufa is the only city connected to Moscow by more than one Federal highway. The M7 motorway links the city to Kazan and Moscow and the M5 motorway links Ufa to Moscow and to the Asian part of Russia.
Ufa International Airport has international flights to UAE, Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, as well as domestic flights to many Russian cities and towns.
-
Tramway
-
BusBus
-
Riverboat
Sports
Ufa's football club FC Ufa play in the Russian Second Division. Ufa is the biggest city in Europe never to have been represented in top-flight football.[14] The city ice hockey club Salavat Yulaev Ufa plays in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), being the KHL Champion (2010/2011) and two-time Russia Champion (2007/2008, 2010/2011). The Ural Volleyball club are also based in Ufa.
Education and science
Educational institutions include:
- Bashkir State University,
- Bashkir State Teachers Training University named after M.Akmulla,
- Bashkir State Medical University,
- Ufa State Aviation Technical University,
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University,
- Ufa Architectural University,
- Ufa Agricultural University,
and others.
-
Bashkir State University (BSU)
-
Ufa State Petroleum Technical University (USPTU)
Religion
The main religious confessions in the city are Islam (Sunni) and Orthodox Christianity (the city - the center of the Russian Orthodox Diocese of Ufa and Sterlitamak). Ufa is the seat of the central authorities and Mufti Central Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of Russia and European CIS countries.
The majority of the population are adherents of Orthodox Christianity with an estimated 50% being Orthodox and the remaining 45% made up of a mainly Islam with small numbers of Jews and other religions.
-
"Lyalya-Tyulpan" Mosque
-
"Hamza-Hadji" Mosque
-
"Saint Nicholas Church (Kaga)" Orthodox Church
-
"Pokrovskaya" Orthodox Church
Culture
The city has Bashkir, Russian, and Tatar State Drama Theaters, a State Opera and Ballet Theater, a National Symphony Orchestra, "Bashkortostan" film studio, philharmonic collectives, and the Bashkir State Folk Dance Ensemble.
Notable people
Famous citizens of Ufa include:
- Sergey Aksakov, writer;
- Vladimir Spivakov, musician;
- Salawat Yulayev, rebel;
- Mirsaid Sultangaliev, muslim bolshevik,
- Mikhail Nesterov, artist;
- Rudolf Nureyev, dancer;
- Vera Timanova, pianist;
- Andrei Zubarev, Andrei Zyuzin, Alexander Semak and Igor Kravchuk, NHL ice hockey players;
- Zemfira, musician;
- Valerian Albanov, navigator of ill-fated Arctic ship St. Anna;
- Yuri Shevchuk, musician, and his rock band DDT were Ufa residents for some time.
- Ernest Muldashev, ophthalmologist
- Boris Kolker, member of the Academy of Esperanto
- Anatoli Efimoff, artist
International relations
Twin towns — sister cities
Ufa is twinned with:
Gallery
-
Belaya River embankment
-
Sipailovo microdistrict
-
Ufa at evening
-
"Gostiny Dvor"
-
Lenina street
See also
- Ufa Metro
- Ufa train disaster
- Salavat Yulaev Ufa hockey team
References
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Ufa". United Nations. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
- ^ National composition of population of the Republic of Bashkortostan (according to the All-Russia population census 2002). Statistical handbook. Bashkortostanstat. Ufa. 198 p.
- ^ Charter of the Urban Okrug of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan
- ^ / federal / detail.php? ID = 3052 federal law enforcement and judicial system in the Republic of Bashkortostan
- ^ Ufa - capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan
- ^ UMPO Website, accessed 22 October 2008
- ^ Google finance: BANE, accessed 22 October 2008
- ^ Google finance: UFNC, accessed 22 October 2008
- ^ "Now that Hull City are playing Premiership football, which is the largest European city never to have had a top-flight team?". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 December 2010.