Visioncurve (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Visioncurve (talk | contribs) preparing the page for GA nomination |
||
Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
{{anchor|Flag}} |
{{anchor|Flag}} |
||
'''Tuqaq''' or '''Duqaq''' or '''Dukak''' ({{lang-tr|Dukak bey}}, {{lang-tk|Dukak beg}} or {{lang|tk|Dukak Demir ýaýly}}; [[full name]]: ''Tuqaq Temur Yalig'') was an [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz]] bey and [[ |
'''Tuqaq''' or '''Duqaq''' or '''Dukak''' ({{lang-tr|Dukak bey}}, {{lang-tk|Dukak beg}} or {{lang|tk|Dukak Demir ýaýly}}; [[full name]]: ''Tuqaq Temur Yalig'') was an [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz]] [[bey]] and {{lang|tk|[[Soubashi|subaşy]]}} (chief of the army) of the [[Oghuz Yabgu State]]. Oghuz Yabgu was a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] polity founded by the nomadic Oghuz tribes in AD 766, located geographically in an area between the coasts of the [[Caspian Sea|Caspian]] and [[Aral Sea|Aral]] Seas. |
||
Tuqaq was also the father of [[Seljuk (warlord)|Seljuq]], eponymous founder of the [[Seljuq dynasty]]. Tuqaq's great-grandson [[Tughril Beg|Tughril beg]] would later establish the [[Great Seljuq Empire]] in the AD 11th century. |
|||
"Tuqaq Temur Yalig" literally means "iron bow" or "with an iron bow" in [[old Turkic language]]. |
"Tuqaq Temur Yalig" literally means "iron bow" or "with an iron bow" in [[old Turkic language]]. |
||
Line 18: | Line 20: | ||
==Origin== |
==Origin== |
||
[[File:AD 750OguzYabgu.png|thumb|right|200px|Oguz Yabgu State in AD 750]] |
[[File:AD 750OguzYabgu.png|thumb|right|200px|Oguz Yabgu State in AD 750]] |
||
⚫ | Little is known about Tuqaq or his early activities, as most of the details of his life are uncertain and come from later written |
||
⚫ | The Persian epic ''Maliknameh'' (Book of Kings) mentions a warrior called Tuqaq who served a [[Khazars|Khazar]] [[Khagan]] (ruler). It is possible that Tuqaq served the Khazars before the collapse of their state, caused by the pressure from the [[Cumans]]. He subsequently made an alliance with the Oghuz Yabgu State, with which he remained for the rest of his life.{{sfn|Peacock|2010|pp=27-28}} |
||
⚫ | Little is known about Tuqaq or his early activities, as most of the details of his life are uncertain and come from later written sources, composed particularly after the start of the reign of his great-grandson Tughril.<ref name="Kafesoghlu">{{cite book |last1=Kafesoghlu |first1=Ibrahim |title=Studies on Seljuqs and Seljuq History |date=2014 |publisher=Otuken Nesriyat |pages=2-16 |language=Turkish}}</ref> However, it is known that he and his famous descendants belonged to the [[Qiniq (tribe)|Qiniq]] tribe of [[Oghuz Turks]]. Tuqaq's father's name was Kerequchi, who was either a popular local blacksmith or a master of tent-making ([[yurts]]). |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | The Persian epic ''Maliknameh'' (Book of Kings) mentions a warrior called Tuqaq who served a [[Khazars|Khazar]] [[Khagan]] (ruler). It is possible that Tuqaq served the Khazars before the collapse of their state, caused by the pressure from the [[Cumans]] or [[Pechenegs]]. He subsequently made an alliance with the Oghuz Yabgu State, with which he remained for the rest of his life.{{sfn|Peacock|2010|pp=27-28}} However, Turkish historian Kafesoghlu casts doubt on this claim, stating that he was with the Oghuz Yabgu from the beginning of his adult life and was second in rank after the Yabgu himself. However, Tuqaq's relationship with the Yabgu was complicated as he objected to his policy of raiding other [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] tribes. During one of such quarrels, he got injured in his face by the Yabgu, but Tuqaq also managed to hit and kick him off his horse.<ref name="Kafesoghlu"/> |
||
⚫ | Tuqaq's nickname "Iron Bow"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dani |first1=Ahmad |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia |date=1992 |publisher=UNESCO |page=146}}</ref> suggests that had tremendous power and influence in the Oghuz Yabgu State, since arrow and bow were considered a sign of power in Oghuz culture.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bosworth |first1=Clifford |title=The Turks in the Early Islamic World |date=2007 |page=Xiii}}</ref><ref name="Kafesoghlu"/><ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Turan |editor-first=Refik |title=History of Seljuqs |language=Turkish |location= Ankara |publisher=Grafiker Yayinlari |date=2012 |page= 27|chapter= Origins of Slejuqs |last=Özgüdenli |first= Osman Gazi}}</ref> |
||
==Affiliations== |
==Affiliations== |
||
[[File:Kinik.png|thumb|right|200px|[[Tamgha]] of the [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz-Turkoman]] tribe of [[Qiniq (tribe)|Qiniq]], to which Tuqaq belonged]] |
[[File:Kinik.png|thumb|right|200px|[[Tamgha]] of the [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz-Turkoman]] tribe of [[Qiniq (tribe)|Qiniq]], to which Tuqaq belonged]] |
||
Tuqaq's son, Seljuq, held similar views and this may have been a primary cause for other Turks within the Oghuz Yabgu State to join Seljuq's tribe after it left Oghuz Yabgu for a new homeland in [[Transoxiana]]. This would later have a significant importance as Seljuqs, known as [[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkomans]] by that time, became a formidable force in [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] which enabled them to challenge powerful [[Ghaznavids]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Early Seljūq History: A New Interpretation |publisher=Routledge |first=Andrew |last=Peacock |year=2010 |pages=92–93}}</ref>{{Sfn|Özgüdenli|2012|p=31}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peacock |first1=Andrew |title=The Great Seljuk Empire |date=2015 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-3827-7 |pages=33–40}}</ref> |
|||
==Religious leaning== |
==Religious leaning== |
||
Two of Tuqaq's grandchildren bore the names of [[Arslan Yabgu|Isrâ'îl]] and [[Mikail of Kınık tribe|Mikâ'îl]] (''Michael''), which led to the conviction that Tuqaq and his son Seljuq adhered to [[Judaism]]. However, Kafesoghlu believes that there is no further evidence other than that to support this dubious claim.<ref name="Kafesoghlu"/> |
|||
According to an Arab historian and biographer [[Ali ibn al-Athir]], Tuqaq's quarrel with the Oghuz ruler was so intense that "they even came to blows over it but eventually became reconciled and Duqaq remained with the yabghu".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barthold |first1=Vasily |title=Four Studies on the History of Central Asia, Volume III |date=1962 |publisher=E.J.Brill |location=Leiden, Netherlands |page=100}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Peacock |first1=Andrew |title=Early Seljuq History |date=2013 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781135153694 |pages=27–33}}</ref> |
|||
==Death and legacy== |
==Death and legacy== |
||
Tuqaq is believed to have died in 924. After his death, his son Seljuq |
Tuqaq is believed to have died in 924. After his death, his son Seljuq took the place of his father and become a {{lang|tk|subaşy}} of the Oghuz Yabgu army.<ref name="Kafesoghlu"/> After some time, Seljuq and his Qiniq tribe adopted [[Islam]]. they refused to pay taxes to the Oghuz Yabgu State since the Turks of Oghuz Yabgu were not Muslims. Seljuq and his Qiniq tribe later founded their own, independent [[Beyliks|beylik]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sicker |first1=Martin |title=The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna |date=2000 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |pages=51–54}}</ref>{{Sfn|Peacock|2015|pp=24-25}} |
||
==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 08:16, 10 December 2022
Tuqaq Temur Yalig | |
---|---|
Bey, Soubashi | |
Died | c. 924 AD |
Burial | Unknown |
Issue | Seljuq |
House | Oghuz Yabgu |
Father | Kerequchi |
Religion | probably Tengrism |
Tuqaq or Duqaq or Dukak (Turkish: Dukak bey, Turkmen: Dukak beg or Dukak Demir ýaýly; full name: Tuqaq Temur Yalig) was an Oghuz bey and subaşy (chief of the army) of the Oghuz Yabgu State. Oghuz Yabgu was a Turkic polity founded by the nomadic Oghuz tribes in AD 766, located geographically in an area between the coasts of the Caspian and Aral Seas.
Tuqaq was also the father of Seljuq, eponymous founder of the Seljuq dynasty. Tuqaq's great-grandson Tughril beg would later establish the Great Seljuq Empire in the AD 11th century.
"Tuqaq Temur Yalig" literally means "iron bow" or "with an iron bow" in old Turkic language.
Origin
Little is known about Tuqaq or his early activities, as most of the details of his life are uncertain and come from later written sources, composed particularly after the start of the reign of his great-grandson Tughril.[1] However, it is known that he and his famous descendants belonged to the Qiniq tribe of Oghuz Turks. Tuqaq's father's name was Kerequchi, who was either a popular local blacksmith or a master of tent-making (yurts).
The Persian epic Maliknameh (Book of Kings) mentions a warrior called Tuqaq who served a Khazar Khagan (ruler). It is possible that Tuqaq served the Khazars before the collapse of their state, caused by the pressure from the Cumans or Pechenegs. He subsequently made an alliance with the Oghuz Yabgu State, with which he remained for the rest of his life.[2] However, Turkish historian Kafesoghlu casts doubt on this claim, stating that he was with the Oghuz Yabgu from the beginning of his adult life and was second in rank after the Yabgu himself. However, Tuqaq's relationship with the Yabgu was complicated as he objected to his policy of raiding other Turkic tribes. During one of such quarrels, he got injured in his face by the Yabgu, but Tuqaq also managed to hit and kick him off his horse.[1]
Tuqaq's nickname "Iron Bow"[3] suggests that had tremendous power and influence in the Oghuz Yabgu State, since arrow and bow were considered a sign of power in Oghuz culture.[4][1][5]
Affiliations
Tuqaq's son, Seljuq, held similar views and this may have been a primary cause for other Turks within the Oghuz Yabgu State to join Seljuq's tribe after it left Oghuz Yabgu for a new homeland in Transoxiana. This would later have a significant importance as Seljuqs, known as Turkomans by that time, became a formidable force in Khorasan which enabled them to challenge powerful Ghaznavids.[6][7][8]
Religious leaning
Two of Tuqaq's grandchildren bore the names of Isrâ'îl and Mikâ'îl (Michael), which led to the conviction that Tuqaq and his son Seljuq adhered to Judaism. However, Kafesoghlu believes that there is no further evidence other than that to support this dubious claim.[1]
Death and legacy
Tuqaq is believed to have died in 924. After his death, his son Seljuq took the place of his father and become a subaşy of the Oghuz Yabgu army.[1] After some time, Seljuq and his Qiniq tribe adopted Islam. they refused to pay taxes to the Oghuz Yabgu State since the Turks of Oghuz Yabgu were not Muslims. Seljuq and his Qiniq tribe later founded their own, independent beylik.[9][10]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Kafesoghlu, Ibrahim (2014). Studies on Seljuqs and Seljuq History (in Turkish). Otuken Nesriyat. pp. 2–16.
- ^ Peacock 2010, pp. 27–28.
- ^ Dani, Ahmad (1992). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. UNESCO. p. 146.
- ^ Bosworth, Clifford (2007). The Turks in the Early Islamic World. p. Xiii.
- ^ Özgüdenli, Osman Gazi (2012). "Origins of Slejuqs". In Turan, Refik (ed.). History of Seljuqs (in Turkish). Ankara: Grafiker Yayinlari. p. 27.
- ^ Peacock, Andrew (2010). Early Seljūq History: A New Interpretation. Routledge. pp. 92–93.
- ^ Özgüdenli 2012, p. 31.
- ^ Peacock, Andrew (2015). The Great Seljuk Empire. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 33–40. ISBN 978-0-7486-3827-7.
- ^ Sicker, Martin (2000). The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 51–54.
- ^ Peacock 2015, pp. 24–25.