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==Career== |
==Career== |
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===Early films=== |
===Early films=== |
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''"The 80s was a whole era. We were criticized, we being the Brits coming over, because we were out of advertising—[[Alan Parker]], [[Hugh Hudson]], [[Adrian Lyne]], my brother—we were criticized about style over content. [[Jerry Bruckheimer]] was very bored of the way American movies were very traditional and classically done. Jerry was always looking for difference. That's why I did six movies with Jerry. He always applauded the way I wanted to approach things. That period in the 80s was a period when I was constantly being criticized, and my press was horrible. I never read any press after 'The Hunger' "''. Scott |
''"The 80s was a whole era. We were criticized, we being the Brits coming over, because we were out of advertising—[[Alan Parker]], [[Hugh Hudson]], [[Adrian Lyne]], my brother—we were criticized about style over content. [[Jerry Bruckheimer]] was very bored of the way American movies were very traditional and classically done. Jerry was always looking for difference. That's why I did six movies with Jerry. He always applauded the way I wanted to approach things. That period in the 80s was a period when I was constantly being criticized, and my press was horrible. I never read any press after 'The Hunger' "''. Scott reflected in June 2009.<ref name="RichInterview">{{cite web|last=Rich|first=Katey|title=Interview: Tony Scott|url=http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Interview-Tony-Scott-13537.html|work=Cinema Blend|accessdate=20 August 2012|date=12 June 2009}}</ref> |
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Scott persisted in trying to embark on a feature film career. Among the ideas interesting to him was an adaptation of the [[Anne Rice]] novel ''[[Interview with the Vampire]]'' then in development.{{cn|date=August 2012}} [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]] was already developing the vampire film ''[[The Hunger (1983 film)|The Hunger]]'', for which they brought Scott on in 1982. ''The Hunger'' starred [[David Bowie]] and [[Catherine Deneuve]] and introduced [[Willem Dafoe]] in a small role. ''The Hunger'' had elaborate photography and sumptuous production design, but it failed to find an audience, received harsh reviews by critics,{{cn|date=August 2012}} and had disappointing box office sales<ref name=LAT208 /> (though it later became a cult favourite<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2012/08/british-director-tony-scott-dead-in-apparent-suicide-at-68/ |title=British Director Tony Scott Dead in Apparent Suicide at 68 |first=Kevin |last=Wicks |date=20 August 2012 |work=BBC America |archivedate=20 August 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A3RVkGd0 |accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref>). Finding himself largely unemployable in Hollywood for the next two and a half years, Scott returned to commercials and music videos.<ref name=LAT208>{{cite web |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-tony-scott-a-film-career-in-retrospective-20120819,0,3017909.story |title=Tony Scott dies at 68; a film career in retrospective |author=Julie Makinen and Geoff Boucher |date=20 August 2012 |work=The Los Angeles Times |archivedate=20 August 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A3Mmy0qf |accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref> |
Scott persisted in trying to embark on a feature film career. Among the ideas interesting to him was an adaptation of the [[Anne Rice]] novel ''[[Interview with the Vampire]]'' then in development.{{cn|date=August 2012}} [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]] was already developing the vampire film ''[[The Hunger (1983 film)|The Hunger]]'', for which they brought Scott on in 1982. ''The Hunger'' starred [[David Bowie]] and [[Catherine Deneuve]] and introduced [[Willem Dafoe]] in a small role. ''The Hunger'' had elaborate photography and sumptuous production design, but it failed to find an audience, received harsh reviews by critics,{{cn|date=August 2012}} and had disappointing box office sales<ref name=LAT208 /> (though it later became a cult favourite<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2012/08/british-director-tony-scott-dead-in-apparent-suicide-at-68/ |title=British Director Tony Scott Dead in Apparent Suicide at 68 |first=Kevin |last=Wicks |date=20 August 2012 |work=BBC America |archivedate=20 August 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A3RVkGd0 |accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref>). Finding himself largely unemployable in Hollywood for the next two and a half years, Scott returned to commercials and music videos.<ref name=LAT208>{{cite web |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-tony-scott-a-film-career-in-retrospective-20120819,0,3017909.story |title=Tony Scott dies at 68; a film career in retrospective |author=Julie Makinen and Geoff Boucher |date=20 August 2012 |work=The Los Angeles Times |archivedate=20 August 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6A3Mmy0qf |accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref> |
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===Directing style=== |
===Directing style=== |
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Katey Rich of [[Cinema Blend]] wrote that Scott had a "trademark frenetic camera style",<ref>{{cite web|last=Rich|first=Katey|title=Remembering Tony Scott, In His Own Words|url=http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Remembering-Tony-Scott-His-Own-Words-32561.html|work=Cinema Blend|accessdate=20 August 2012|date=20 August 2012}}</ref> which Scott spoke about in June 2009, in reference to ''The Taking of Pelham 123'': |
Katey Rich of [[Cinema Blend]] wrote that Scott had a "trademark frenetic camera style",<ref>{{cite web|last=Rich|first=Katey|title=Remembering Tony Scott, In His Own Words|url=http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Remembering-Tony-Scott-His-Own-Words-32561.html|work=Cinema Blend|accessdate=20 August 2012|date=20 August 2012}}</ref> which Scott spoke about in June 2009, in reference to ''[[The Taking of Pelham 123]]'': ''"It's about energy and it's about momentum, and I think the movie's very exciting, and it's not one individual thing. The true excitement comes from the actors—that gives you the true drama—and whatever I can do with the camera, that's icing on the cake. I wanted the movie to grab you. I use four cameras and I maybe do three takes—so the actors love it. Maybe I move it more than I should, but that's the nature of the way I am.<ref name="RichInterview"/> |
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{{Quote|It's about energy and it's about momentum, and I think the movie's very exciting, and it's not one individual thing. The true excitement comes from the actors—that gives you the true drama—and whatever I can do with the camera, that's icing on the cake. I wanted the movie to grab you. I use four cameras and I maybe do three takes—so the actors love it. Maybe I move it more than I should, but that's the nature of the way I am.<ref name="RichInterview"/> }} |
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⚫ | Scott also spoke about his career in general: ''"What always leads me in terms of my movies are characters. [I tell my production team] 'Go into the real world, cast these people in the real world, and find me role models for my writers.' Then I reverse-engineer. I don't change the structure of the script, but I use my research. That's always been my mantra, and that's what gets me excited, because I get to educate and entertain myself in terms of worlds I could never normally touch, other than the fact that I'm a director. [...] If you look at my body of work, there's always a dark side to my characters. They've always got a skeleton in the closet, they've always got a subtext. I like that. Whether it's Bruce Willis in ''Last Boy Scout'' or Denzel Washington in ''The Taking of Pelham 123''. I think fear, and there's two ways of looking at fear. The most frightening thing I do in my life is getting up and shooting movies. Commercials, movies, every morning I'm bolt upright on one hour two hours sleep, before the alarm clock goes off. That's a good thing. That fear motivates me, and I enjoy that fear. I'm perverse in that way. I do other things. I've rock climbed all my life. Whenever I finish a movie, I do multi-day ascents, I go hang on a wall in [[Yosemite]]. That fear is tangible. That's black and white. I can make this hold or that hold. The other fear is intangible, it's very abstract, and that's more frightening."''<ref name="RichInterview"/> |
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Scott also spoke about his career in general: |
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{{Quote|What always leads me in terms of my movies are characters. [I tell my production team] 'Go into the real world, cast these people in the real world, and find me role models for my writers.' Then I reverse-engineer. I don't change the structure of the script, but I use my research. That's always been my mantra, and that's what gets me excited, because I get to educate and entertain myself in terms of worlds I could never normally touch, other than the fact that I'm a director. [...] |
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⚫ | If you look at my body of work, there's always a dark side to my characters. They've always got a skeleton in the closet, they've always got a subtext. I like that. Whether it's Bruce Willis in ''Last Boy Scout'' or Denzel |
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==Death== |
==Death== |
Revision as of 13:07, 23 August 2012
Tony Scott | |
---|---|
Born | Anthony David Scott 21 June 1944 North Shields, North Tyneside, England |
Died | 19 August 2012 San Pedro, Los Angeles, California, United States | (aged 68)
Cause of death | Suicide by jumping/drowning |
Other names | Anthony Scott |
Citizenship | British |
Occupation(s) | Film director, producer |
Years active | 1969–2012 |
Spouse(s) | Gerry Scott (m. 1967–1974, divorced) Glynis Sanders (m. 1986–1987, divorced) Donna W. Scott (m. 1994–2012; his death) |
Children | 2 |
Family | Ridley Scott (brother) Frank Scott (brother, deceased) |
Anthony David "Tony" Scott (21 June 1944 – 19 August 2012) was a British film director. His films include The Hunger, Top Gun, Beverly Hills Cop II, Days of Thunder, The Last Boy Scout, True Romance, Crimson Tide, Enemy of the State, Spy Game, Man on Fire, Déjà Vu, The Taking of Pelham 123, and Unstoppable. Scott's films were generally more popular with audiences than critics.[1][2] He was the younger brother of fellow film director Ridley Scott.
Early life
Scott was born in North Shields, England, the youngest of three sons of Colonel Francis Percy Scott, who served in the Royal Engineers, and Elizabeth.[1][3] He followed in his elder brother's footsteps, studying at Grangefield School, West Hartlepool College of Art and Sunderland Art School, for a fine arts degree. At the age of 16, Tony appeared in Boy and Bicycle, a short film marking the directorial debut of his then 23-year-old brother Ridley.[4]
After failing to get into London's Royal College of Art on his first attempt, Tony studied art in Leeds, where he made a short film in 1969 based on an Ambrose Bierce story, One of the Missing. As Ridley had previously cast him in a film, Tony reciprocated by giving his brother a role too. "The movie cost £1,000", he later recalled. He subsequently graduated from the Royal College of Art, with the intention of becoming a painter. It was the success of his elder brother's fledging television commercial production outfit, Ridley Scott Associates (RSA), that subsequently diverted his attentions to film. "Tony had wanted to do documentaries at first. I told him, "Don't go to the BBC, come to me first." I knew that he had a fondness for cars, so I told him, "Come work with me and within a year you'll have a Ferrari." And he did[5]
"I was finishing eight years at art school, and Ridley had opened Ridley Scott Associates and said, 'Come and make commercials and make some money' because I owed money left and right and center," Tony explained. "My goal was to make films but I got sidetracked into commercials and then I took off. I had 15 years [making them], and it was a blast. We were very prolific, and that was our training ground: You'd shoot 100 days in a year, then we gravitated from that to film." Over the next two decades, Scott directed thousands of television commercials for RSA, while also overseeing the company's operation while his brother was developing his feature film career.
Tony also took time out in 1975 to direct a television adaptation of the Henry James story The Author of Beltraffio.[6] After the considerable feature film successes of fellow British commercial directors Hugh Hudson, Alan Parker, Adrian Lyne and his elder brother in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Scott was beginning to receive overtures from Hollywood himself in 1980. His elder brother Frank died, aged 45, of skin cancer during the same year.[7]
Career
Early films
"The 80s was a whole era. We were criticized, we being the Brits coming over, because we were out of advertising—Alan Parker, Hugh Hudson, Adrian Lyne, my brother—we were criticized about style over content. Jerry Bruckheimer was very bored of the way American movies were very traditional and classically done. Jerry was always looking for difference. That's why I did six movies with Jerry. He always applauded the way I wanted to approach things. That period in the 80s was a period when I was constantly being criticized, and my press was horrible. I never read any press after 'The Hunger' ". Scott reflected in June 2009.[8]
Scott persisted in trying to embark on a feature film career. Among the ideas interesting to him was an adaptation of the Anne Rice novel Interview with the Vampire then in development.[citation needed] MGM was already developing the vampire film The Hunger, for which they brought Scott on in 1982. The Hunger starred David Bowie and Catherine Deneuve and introduced Willem Dafoe in a small role. The Hunger had elaborate photography and sumptuous production design, but it failed to find an audience, received harsh reviews by critics,[citation needed] and had disappointing box office sales[9] (though it later became a cult favourite[10]). Finding himself largely unemployable in Hollywood for the next two and a half years, Scott returned to commercials and music videos.[9]
In 1985, producers Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer approached Scott to direct Top Gun on the strength of The Hunger, as well as a commercial he had done for Swedish automaker Saab in the early 1980s: in the spot, a Saab 900 turbo is shown racing a Saab 37 Viggen fighter jet. Scott, though reluctant at first, agreed to direct Top Gun. Though the film received mixed critical review, it became one of the highest-grossing films of 1986, taking in more than US$176 million,[9] and making a star of its young lead, Tom Cruise.[11]
Hollywood success
Following the success of Top Gun, Scott found himself on Hollywood's A-list of action directors.[11] He re-teamed with Simpson and Bruckheimer in 1987 to direct Eddie Murphy and Brigitte Nielsen in the highly anticipated sequel Beverly Hills Cop II. While not being critically embraced, the picture nevertheless became one of the year's highest grossers.[9] His next film, Revenge (1990), a thriller of adultery and revenge set in Mexico, starred Kevin Costner, Madeleine Stowe and Anthony Quinn. Once again directing Tom Cruise, Scott returned to the Simpson-Bruckheimer fold to helm the big-budget racing film Days of Thunder (1990). Scott later stated that it was difficult find the drama in racing cars in circles, so he "stole from all race movies to date ... then tried to build on them."[2] Scott's next film was the action thriller The Last Boy Scout (1991).
In 1993, Scott directed True Romance costing just $13m, from a script by Quentin Tarantino and Roger Avary.[12] The cast included Christian Slater, Patricia Arquette, Dennis Hopper, Christopher Walken, Gary Oldman, Brad Pitt, Tom Sizemore, Chris Penn, Val Kilmer and in bit roles, James Gandolfini and Samuel L. Jackson. Although it received positive reviews from Janet Maslin and other critics, it took less than $13m and was considered a box office failure.[9] Scott's next film, Crimson Tide (1995), was a submarine thriller starring Gene Hackman and Denzel Washington. His follow-up film, 1996's The Fan, starred Robert De Niro, Wesley Snipes, Ellen Barkin and Benicio del Toro. Scott's 1998 film Enemy of the State, a conspiracy thriller, starred Will Smith and Gene Hackman, and was his highest-grossing film of the decade.[9] Spy Game was released in November 2001. It garnered 63% positive reviews at Metacritic and made a little over $60m at the U.S. box office. Man on Fire was released in April 2004 and made over $75m at the U.S. box office.[citation needed]
Scott and his brother Ridley Scott were co-producers of the TV series Numb3rs,[2] which aired from 2005 to 2010. Tony Scott directed the first episode of the fourth season.[13]
Next for Scott came Domino (2005) starring Keira Knightley.[14] In autumn 2006, Scott reteamed with Denzel Washington for the futuristic action film Déjà Vu.[15] Scott once again teamed up with Denzel Washington on The Taking of Pelham 123, which also starred John Travolta and was released in theaters on 12 June 2009.[16] The film was a remake of the 1974 film of the same title starring Walter Matthau and Robert Shaw. 2009 also saw the debut of The Good Wife, a legal drama television series which had Scott and his brother as two of several executive producers.[17]
In 2010, the Scott brothers produced the feature film adaptation of the television series The A-Team.[18] Scott's film, Unstoppable, again starring Washington (with Chris Pine), was released in November 2010.[19] Shortly before his death he produced Coma, an A&E miniseries.[20]
Directing style
Katey Rich of Cinema Blend wrote that Scott had a "trademark frenetic camera style",[21] which Scott spoke about in June 2009, in reference to The Taking of Pelham 123: "It's about energy and it's about momentum, and I think the movie's very exciting, and it's not one individual thing. The true excitement comes from the actors—that gives you the true drama—and whatever I can do with the camera, that's icing on the cake. I wanted the movie to grab you. I use four cameras and I maybe do three takes—so the actors love it. Maybe I move it more than I should, but that's the nature of the way I am.[8]
Scott also spoke about his career in general: "What always leads me in terms of my movies are characters. [I tell my production team] 'Go into the real world, cast these people in the real world, and find me role models for my writers.' Then I reverse-engineer. I don't change the structure of the script, but I use my research. That's always been my mantra, and that's what gets me excited, because I get to educate and entertain myself in terms of worlds I could never normally touch, other than the fact that I'm a director. [...] If you look at my body of work, there's always a dark side to my characters. They've always got a skeleton in the closet, they've always got a subtext. I like that. Whether it's Bruce Willis in Last Boy Scout or Denzel Washington in The Taking of Pelham 123. I think fear, and there's two ways of looking at fear. The most frightening thing I do in my life is getting up and shooting movies. Commercials, movies, every morning I'm bolt upright on one hour two hours sleep, before the alarm clock goes off. That's a good thing. That fear motivates me, and I enjoy that fear. I'm perverse in that way. I do other things. I've rock climbed all my life. Whenever I finish a movie, I do multi-day ascents, I go hang on a wall in Yosemite. That fear is tangible. That's black and white. I can make this hold or that hold. The other fear is intangible, it's very abstract, and that's more frightening."[8]
Death
On 19 August 2012, at approximately 12:30 p.m. PDT, Scott committed suicide by jumping off the Vincent Thomas Bridge in the San Pedro port district of Los Angeles, California. Investigators from the Los Angeles Police Department’s Harbor Division found contact information and notes to loved ones in his car, which was parked on the bridge,[22] and a suicide note at his office.[23][24] Witnesses said he did not hesitate before jumping.[22][25] His body was recovered from the water by the Los Angeles Port Police.[1]
The next day, ABC News reported Scott had an inoperable brain tumor. They later edited their story[26] after his widow told investigators the tumor rumour was "absolutely false."[27] He is survived by his wife, Donna Wilson Scott, and their twin sons, Frank and Max, born in 2000, as well as his brother, director Ridley Scott.[2][28] Many actors paid tribute to him, including Tom Cruise, Val Kilmer, Eddie Murphy, Denzel Washington, Gene Hackman and Keira Knightley.[29][30] Cruise stated; "He was a creative visionary whose mark on film is immeasurable."[29]
Two days prior to his death, Scott was with Cruise, scouting locations for a sequel to Top Gun, which was scheduled for production in 2013. It is unknown whether the film will be made despite his death. Scott also had two other films on his schedule, including a remake of the classic western, The Wild Bunch.[31]
Filmography
Films
- Features
- Loving Memory (1971)
- The Hunger (1983)
- Top Gun (1986)
- Beverly Hills Cop II (1987)
- Revenge (1990)
- Days of Thunder (1990)
- The Last Boy Scout (1991)
- True Romance (1993)
- Crimson Tide (1995)
- The Fan (1996)
- Enemy of the State (1998)
- Spy Game (2001)
- Man on Fire (2004)
- Domino (2005)
- Déjà Vu (2006)
- The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009)
- Unstoppable (2010)
- Shorts
- One of the Missing (1969)
- The Hire: Beat the Devil (2002)
- Agent Orange (2004)
Television
- The Hunger (1 episode in 1997 and 1 in 1999)
- AFP: American Fighter Pilot, Executive producer (2002)
- Numb3rs, Executive producer (2009 to 2010)
- The Good Wife, Executive producer (2009–2012)
- Gettysburg, Executive producer (2011)
- Labyrinth, Executive producer (2012)
- Coma, Developer (2012)
Others
- Music videos
- "Danger Zone" – Kenny Loggins (1986)
- "One More Try" – George Michael (1988)
- Commercials
- DIM Underwear (1979)
- Player, Achievements and Big Bang for Barclays Bank (2000)
- Telecom Italia (2000) (Starring Marlon Brando and Woody Allen)
- Ice Soldier for US Army (2002)
- One Man, One Land for Marlboro (2003)
Recurring collaborators
References
- ^ a b c Andrew Blankenstein and John Horn (19 August 2012). "'Top Gun' director Tony Scott jumps to his death from L.A. bridge". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Authorities say 'Top Gun' director Tony Scott dies after jumping off Los Angeles County bridge". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 19 August 2012. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ "How Winston helped save the nation". The Scotsman. 6 July 2002. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ "Tony Scott". The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ Ridley Scott's comment on The Directors—The Films of Ridley Scott.
- ^ "Tony Scott obituary. The Guardian. Retrieved 21 August 2012
- ^ Hollywood pays tribute to Top Gun director Tony Scott following suicide leap
- ^ a b c Rich, Katey (12 June 2009). "Interview: Tony Scott". Cinema Blend. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f Julie Makinen and Geoff Boucher (20 August 2012). "Tony Scott dies at 68; a film career in retrospective". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ Wicks, Kevin (20 August 2012). "British Director Tony Scott Dead in Apparent Suicide at 68". BBC America. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ a b "Obituary: Tony Scott". BBC News. 20 August 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
- ^ Shoard, Catherine (20 August 2012). "Tony Scott: a career in clips". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
- ^ "Numb3rs Season 4, Episode 1: Trust Metric". IMDb. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ "Domino". IMDb. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ "Déjà Vu". IMDb. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ "The Taking of Pelham 1 2 3". IMDb. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ "Full Cast and Crew for 'The Good Wife'". IMDb. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ "The A-Team". IMDb. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ "Unstoppable". IMDb. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ Marroquin, Art (19 Aug.2012). "BREAKING: Film director Tony Scott jumps to his death from Vincent Thomas Bridge". Los Angeles Daily News. Retrieved 20 Aug 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Rich, Katey (20 August 2012). "Remembering Tony Scott, In His Own Words". Cinema Blend. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ a b Blankstein, Andrew (19 August 2012). "'Top Gun' director Tony Scott dead after jumping off bridge". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ The Wrap (19 August 2012). "Tony Scott, Director of 'Top Gun,' Dies in Apparent Suicide". The Wrap. The Wrap News Inc. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ Geier, Thom (20 August 2012). "'Top Gun' director Tony Scott dies at age 68 in apparent suicide". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=
(help) - ^ Louise Boyle (19 August 2012). Top Gun director Tony Scott commits suicide by jumping off LA bridge. The Daily Mail. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ Oldenburg, Ann (21 Aug.2012). "Tony Scott's family: Director did not have brain cancer". USA Today. Retrieved 21 Aug 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ "TONY SCOTT SUICIDE NO BRAIN CANCER". TMZ. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ "Tony Scott". NNDB. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ a b "Tom Cruise leads tributes to director Tony Scott". BBC News. Retrieved 21 August 2012
- ^ "Hollywood reacts to the death of Tony Scott". Associated Press. Retrieved 21 August 2012
- ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/9489642/Tony-Scott-spent-final-days-researching-Top-Gun-2-with-Tom-Cruise.html