The Rocky Horror Picture Show | |
---|---|
Directed by | Jim Sharman |
Written by | Richard O'Brien Jim Sharman |
Produced by | Lou Adler Michael White |
Starring | Tim Curry Susan Sarandon Barry Bostwick Richard O'Brien Patricia Quinn Nell Campbell Jonathan Adams Peter Hinwood Meat Loaf Charles Gray |
Cinematography | Peter Suschitzky |
Edited by | Graeme Clifford |
Music by | Richard O'Brien Richard Hartley |
Distributed by | 20th Century Fox |
Release date |
|
Running time | 100 minutes |
Country | Template:Film UK USA |
Language | English |
Budget | US$1.2 million |
Box office | US$139.8 million |
The Rocky Horror Picture Show is the 1975 film adaptation of the British musical stageplay, The Rocky Horror Show. The film is a parody of science fiction and B-movie horror films. Director Jim Sharman collaborated on the screenplay with Richard O'Brien, who wrote both the book and lyrics for the stage. The film introduces Tim Curry and features Susan Sarandon and Barry Bostwick along with cast members from the original Kings Road production presented at the Royal Court Theatre, London, in 1973. In its day it was a highly provocative, though comedic, portrayal of homosexual, transgender culture, a symbol of GLBT themes and other underground sexual quirks.
Still in limited release 35 years after its premiere, it has the longest-running theatrical release in film history. It gained notoriety as a midnight movie in 1977 when audiences began participating with the film in theatres. Rocky Horror is the first film from a major Hollywood studio to be in the midnight movie market. The motion picture has a large international following and is one of the most well known and financially successful midnight movies of all time. In 2005, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Plot
The story, narrated by a criminologist, tells the tale of newly engaged couple, Brad Majors and Janet Weiss, who find themselves lost and with a flat tire on a cold and rainy, late November evening.[1] Seeking a phone with which to call for help at a nearby castle, Brad and Janet discover a group of strange and outlandish people who are holding an Annual Transylvanian Convention. They watch, still wet from the rain, as the Transylvanians, servants, and a tap dancing groupie dance the "Time Warp", the film's signature song.
They are soon swept into the world of Dr. Frank-N-Furter, a bizarre and self-proclaimed "sweet transvestite from Transsexual, Transylvania". The ensemble of convention attendees also include servants Riff Raff, his sister Magenta, and a groupie named Columbia.
Frank claims to have discovered the "secret to life itself". In a scene inspired by the classic Frankenstein films, his creation, Rocky Horror, is brought to life. The ensuing celebration is soon interrupted by Eddie, an ex-delivery boy, partial brain donor to Rocky, and Columbia's implied lover, who rides out of a deep freeze on a motorcycle. In a jealous rage, Frank corners him and slaughters him with an ice axe. He then departs with Rocky to a bridal suite off of the laboratory.
Brad and Janet are shown to separate bedrooms, where each is visited and seduced in turn by Frank, posing as the opposite. Janet, upset and emotional, wanders off to look for Brad, whom she discovers is with Frank via a television monitor. She then discovers Rocky, cowering in his birth tank, hiding from Riff Raff, who has been tormenting him. While tending to Rocky's wounds, Janet seduces him, while Magenta and Columbia watch from their bedroom monitor.
After discovering that his creature is missing, Frank, Brad, and Riff Raff return to the lab, where Frank learns that an intruder has entered the building. Dr. Everett Scott, Brad and Janet's old high school science teacher, has come looking for his nephew, Eddie, but Frank suspects Dr. Scott of working for the government investigating UFOs. Upon learning of Brad and Janet's connection to Scott, Frank suspects them of working for him.
Rocky and the guests are served dinner, which they soon realize has been prepared from Eddie's body. Janet runs screaming into Rocky's arms and is chased through the halls of the castle by a jealous Frank. Janet, Brad, Dr. Scott, Rocky, and Columbia all meet in Frank's lab, where Frank captures them with the Medusa Transducer, transforming them into living statues. They are then forced to perform a live cabaret floor show.
The performance is interrupted by Riff Raff and Magenta, who stage a coup and announce their plan to return to the planet of Transsexual in the galaxy of Transylvania. In the process, they kill Columbia, Rocky, and Frank. They release the humans, Brad, Janet, and Dr. Scott, and then depart by lifting off in the Castle itself.
Cast
- Tim Curry as Dr. Frank-N-Furter: A scientist. Main antagonist. Frank is a devious, flamboyant, and hedonistic Sweet Transvestite from Transsexual, Transylvania; a pansexual scientist.
- Susan Sarandon as Janet Weiss: A heroine. Sweet and somewhat naïve. Janet, recently engaged to Brad, succumbs to temptation.
- Barry Bostwick as Brad Majors: A hero. The clean-cut fiancé of Janet Weiss. Awkward and out of step, he finds himself in situations never before experienced.
- Richard O'Brien as Riff Raff: A handyman. Frank's minion and Magenta's brother.
- Patricia Quinn as Magenta: A domestic. Riff Raff's sister.
- Nell Campbell (credited as Little Nell) as Columbia: A groupie. A tapdancer. Self proclaimed lover of Frank, and formerly involved with Eddie.
- Jonathan Adams as Dr. Everett Scott: A rival scientist. Brad and Janet's high school science teacher, now a government scientist searching for extraterrestrial life.
- Peter Hinwood as Rocky Horror: A creation. Blond-haired and tanned, Rocky is mute except for his musical numbers.
- Charles Gray as The Criminologist: An expert. The film's narrator.
- Meat Loaf (credited as Meatloaf) as Eddie: An ex-delivery boy. Columbia's former boyfriend, partial brain donor for Rocky, nephew to Dr. Scott, and eventually, Dr. Frank-N-Furter's dinner.
Production
The original American productions of the stage musical were both produced by Lou Adler who is best known for his Cheech and Chong feature films. Adler brought the production to the US in 1974 and later became executive producer of the film version.[2]
Many of the original cast and crew-members from the stage production returned to work on the film. Director Jim Sharman, production designer Brian Thomson, and costume designer Sue Blane collaborated on the original London production with many of the cast that made it into the film version. Tim Curry reprised his role from the London and Los Angeles stage productions. After the film, Curry also did a short run on Broadway as Dr. Frank-N-Furter. Creator Richard O'Brien (Riff Raff) also returned for the film from the British stage team, as did Little Nell (Columbia) and Patricia Quinn (Magenta).[3] Jonathan Adams, the narrator from the original cast, also returned for the film, instead playing Dr. Scott.[4] Meat Loaf also returned; he had played the role of Eddie/Dr. Scott in the Los Angeles production at The Roxy.
The film was shot at Bray Studios and Oakley Court, a country house in Berkshire, England, from October 21, 1974, to December 19, 1974. Filming of Rocky's birth occurred on October 30, 1974, the 81st anniversary of the birth of Charles Atlas.[5]
The Rocky Horror Picture Show is slightly different from its original theatrical production. In the film, many of the original aspects from the stage show changed, as did characters and dialogue. All of the title character's lines were cut, making Rocky a mute who only sings during musical numbers. Eddie pops out of a Coca-Cola machine on stage, but rides out of a deep freeze in the film. Scenes were added for continuity, and characters only mentioned in the musical were now in the opening scene.
Several ideas from the original conception of the film were dropped before production. During the opening theme, the film was supposed to include clips from all the films mentioned in the song "Science-Fiction Double Feature".[6] Producers discovered quickly that obtaining the rights to all the various film clips would be very costly, and cut the idea. Another idea was to parallel The Wizard of Oz (1939) by having the first 20 minutes of the film in black and white and Academy ratio until the doors burst open showing the Transylvanians in widescreen and then to full color at Frank's entrance.[6] This effect would have been prohibitively expensive, so the idea was discarded. On the 25th anniversary DVD, there is an easter egg that allows the viewer to see the original black-and-white idea, with the colour coming in when the doors open to the Transylvanians.
The film was ultimately shot in the 1.66:1 aspect ratio throughout.
Locations, sets, and props
The film's plot, setting, and style echoes that of the Hammer Horror films, which had their own instantly recognizable style (just as Universal Studios' horror films did), re-using sets and props through many of their films. Production designer Brian Thomson and director Jim Sharman chose locations, sets, and even props for The Rocky Horror Picture Show that were, in many cases, used in Hammer productions. The classic "Creation" scene in Rocky Horror is so reminiscent of Frankenstein films because it uses the tank and dummy from a Hammer production of The Revenge of Frankenstein starring Peter Cushing.[7]
The castle is known as Oakley Court, known for a number of Hammer films. A great deal of location shooting took place there, all the way up to the making of the Rocky Horror movie. At the time, the manor was in very dilapidated condition. Filming took place during autumn, which made conditions harsh. While she worked on the film in the bad conditions, star Susan Sarandon got ill with pneumonia: she recovered after a few days. Today, the castle, Oakley Court, Berkshire, has been completely refurbished and is now a hotel.[8]
Costumes
One of the more unusual aspects of the film was its costume design. Designer Sue Blane based all her designs on what little she knew of 1950s United States. A previous production she had designed called The Maids also starred Tim Curry in a Victorian corset. This same corset was used in the London stage production and then used again in the film.[9] Blane compared the relatively small US$400 costume budget of the stage show to the US$1600 costume budget in 1974 for the film.[10]
Nearly all the costume designs from the original stage production were used in the film, with a few exceptions. Some new designs appeared, and a few old ones were discarded. In the London stage production, Tim Curry began the role of Frank-N-Furter as a blond, and although it was short lived, the original design sketches by Blane do reflect that. Magenta gained a new maid costume to give the character more purpose, and Columbia gained a sequined evening coat.
The introduction of new characters such as the Transylvanians presented Sue Blane with a challenge to costume a number of extras who reappear throughout the film. The outcome of their costuming did not satisfy Blane who stated that she wished she had more time for those particular costumes.
In the stage productions, actors generally did their own make-up, but for this film the producers chose Pierre La Roche to redesign the make-up for each character (he had previously designed make-up for David Bowie).[11] Production stills were taken by 1970s rock photographer, Mick Rock, who has published many calendars and photo books from his Rocky Horror work.
Release
The film is considered to be the longest-running release in film history.[12] It has never been pulled by 20th Century Fox from its original 1975 release, and it continues to play in cinemas 35 years later. Some cinemas showing the film have run it for decades at a time.
There are two basic versions of The Rocky Horror Picture Show, known as the US and UK releases. The UK version contains the original ending with the full version of the musical number "Super Heroes". The US version, created after the film hit the midnight circuit, omits "Super Heroes", as the studio thought it was too depressing.[13]
Before the mainstream use of home video (and for quite some time afterward, except for bootleg copies), a Super 8 version of selected scenes of the film was available.[14]
The film was released on VHS during the home video boom of the 1980s, except in the US, which had to wait for the 15th anniversary in 1990. The 1990 version includes a newly-created stereo sound mix and was featured in special packaging: the cover box with an embossed image of the film's famous lips on the front and a unique black-and-red videocassette casing. The tape also contains a five-minute prologue at the start and a "Time Warp" music video at the end. In 1992, the VHS was reissued, minus the embossed cover, black-and-red casing, prologue, and music video. In 1993, a LaserDisc edition was released. In 1995, a 20th anniversary Special Edition LaserDisc was released, which includes two deleted musical sequences, "Once in a While" and "Super Heroes", as supplements. In 1998, a "Special Edition" version VHS edition was released, containing the two deleted musical sequences after the feature.
In 2000, 25th anniversary DVD and VHS editions were issued utilizing a newly-created 5.1 surround sound mix, with the VHS containing the UK version of the film, and with the DVD containing both UK and US versions of the film via seamless branching, as well as all the special features from the LaserDisc, the original mono sound mix on a separate track, new features, and DVD-ROM games.
In 2009, a casting call in New York and filming in Los Angeles with a pre-selected "shadowcast" was announced for "Special Features" content on an upcoming 2010 Blu-ray release.[15] On August 2, 2010, The Rocky Horror Picture Show Official Fan Club announced the release date of the 35th Anniversary edition Blu-ray, scheduled for release in the US on October 19, 2010. The disc includes a newly-created 7.1 surround sound mix, a mono sound mix, and a 4K/2K image transfer from the original camera negative.[16]
Reception
The film opened in the US at the UA Theatre in Westwood, Los Angeles, California, on September 26, 1975. It did well at that location but not elsewhere.[17] The cult following did not begin until the film began its midnight run at the Waverly Theatre in New York on April 1, 1976.[18]
Before the success of the midnight screenings, the film was withdrawn from its eight opening cities due to very small audiences, and its planned New York opening (on Halloween night) was cancelled.[4] Fox re-released it around college campuses on a double-bill with another rock music film parody, Brian De Palma's Phantom of the Paradise, but again it drew small audiences.[4] With Pink Flamingos (1972) and Reefer Madness (1936) making money in midnight showings nationwide, RHPS was eventually screened at midnight, starting in New York City on April Fools' Day of 1976.[4] By that Halloween, people were attending in costume and talking back to the screen. By mid-1978, RHPS was playing in over 50 locations on Fridays and Saturdays at midnight, newsletters were published by local performance groups, and fans gathered for Rocky Horror conventions.[4] By the end of 1979, there were twice-weekly showings at over 230 theatres.[4]
The Rocky Horror Picture Show has taken in US$139,876,417 at the US box office since its release.[19] The length of its run in cinemas (weekly for over 30 years), combined with its considerable total box office gross, is unparalleled by any other film.[20] The original budget for the film was US$1,200,000 (estimated).[19] The audience participation helped the film become a worldwide phenomenon. As the cult-audience grew, Rocky Horror fandom became the subject of news stories. Dori Hartley, a fan from the original New York shadow cast, went on to appear in "Paradise Garage", a Tim Curry music video.[21]
After the release, the original advertising campaign for screen and television was pulled by 20th Century Fox executives in the very early stage. The studio objected to the use of the red lipsticked lips uttering the words "20th Century Fox". The American television network Fox Broadcasting aired the film's much-publicized US television premiere on October 25, 1993. The film's popularity breathed new life to the stage production, which had had a 45-performance run on Broadway early in 1975 at the Belasco Theatre.[22] Rocky Horror sequels and other media have found their way into production, including merchandise ranging from prefabricated costumes, games, and soundtrack releases.
Sequels and scripts
Interest for other films by both hardcore fans as well as the more mainstream audience has been around for some time. In 1981, Fox released Shock Treatment, the follow-up film by the same artistic group. It was never in general release but premiered straight to the midnight circuit.[citation needed] This standalone feature was not a direct sequel to the original film. It told the continuing story of Brad (Cliff DeYoung) and Janet (Jessica Harper) following their marriage. Richard O'Brien, Patricia Quinn, Charles Gray, and Nell Campbell from Rocky Horror appeared in this film, playing different characters. Only Jeremy Newson appears in the sequel as the same character, Ralph Hapschatt. The original script was titled Rocky Horror Shows His Heels and began as a direct sequel until the idea was changed because of the unavailability of some of the original cast. The story was changed as well as the title, becoming first The Brad and Janet Show and finally Shock Treatment.
A few years later, author Richard O'Brien wrote another script intended as a direct sequel to the cult classic entitled Revenge of the Old Queen. Producer Michael White had hoped to begin work on the production and described the script as "... in the same style as the other one. It has reflections of the past in it."[23]
A first draft of the screenplay itself, as well as the others, were posted on the Internet. The screenplay's plot begins on the alien planet, where author O'Brien's character, Riff Raff, is eventually transported back to the Earth on a mission that has him travel across the galaxy to Fresno, California, USA.
MTV Films and Sky Movies were planning to remake The Rocky Horror Picture Show.[24] The network was planning a two-hour-long remake to be based on the original screenplay and featuring songs not included in the original. The film was initially anticipated to have been released sometime around Halloween 2009. The creator of the original, Richard O'Brien, was not involved; he has said that while he has no view on whether it should be remade, the MTV production did not have his blessing.[25][26]
Ryan Murphy, creator of the FOX television hit Glee, entered talks with FOX to remake the film. Murphy finished doing a Glee episode dedicated to The Rocky Horror Picture Show, dubbed as "The Rocky Horror Glee Show", but several sources have said this won't be the last time his name will be attached to Rocky Horror. Sources say Murphy is currently in negotiations to direct a remake and could even have a deal made with 20th Century Fox by the time the Glee episode airs on October 26, 2010.[27]
Musical numbers
Song | Singers / Characters | Scene |
---|---|---|
"Science Fiction/Double Feature" | Patricia Quinn (Lips), Richard O'Brien (Vocals) | Opening credits |
"Dammit Janet" | Brad, Janet (Riff Raff, Magenta, Columbia) |
Denton church |
"Over at the Frankenstein Place" | Brad, Janet (Riff Raff, Chorus) |
A rainy countryside road, A window of the castle (unknown room) |
"The Time Warp" | Riff Raff, Magenta, Columbia (Criminologist, Transylvanians) |
Castle ballroom, Criminologist's office |
"Sweet Transvestite" | Frank-N-Furter (Riff Raff, Magenta, Columbia, Brad, Janet, Transylvanians) |
Castle ballroom |
"The Sword of Damocles" | Rocky (Riff Raff, Magenta, Columbia, Transylvanians) |
The Lab |
"I Can Make You a Man" | Frank-N-Furter (Transylvanians) |
The Lab |
"Hot Patootie – Bless My Soul" | Eddie (Transylvanians) |
The Lab |
"I Can Make You a Man" (Reprise) |
Frank-N-Furter (Janet, Transylvanians) |
The Lab |
"Once in a While" (deleted scene) |
Brad | Brad's bedroom |
"Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch Me" | Janet (Columbia, Magenta, Rocky, Brad, Frank, Riff Raff) |
The Lab, Columbia's bedroom |
"Eddie" | Dr. Scott, Columbia, Eddie (Janet, Frank, Brad, Riff Raff, Magenta) |
Dining room, Columbia's bedroom |
"Planet, Schmanet" | Frank-N-Furter (Brad, Janet, Dr. Scott) |
Castle corridors, the Lab |
The Floor Show | Castle ballroom/stage/swimming pool | |
a. "Rose Tint My World" | Columbia, Rocky, Brad, Janet | |
b. "Fanfare/Don't Dream It, Be It" | Frank-N-Furter (Columbia, Rocky, Brad, Janet, Dr. Scott) | |
c. "Wild and Untamed Thing" | Frank-N-Furter, Brad, Janet, Columbia, Rocky, Riff Raff (Dr. Scott) | |
"I'm Going Home" | Frank-N-Furter (Brad, Janet, Columbia, Rocky, Dr. Scott) |
Castle ballroom |
"Superheroes" | Brad, Janet (Criminologist) |
Exterior of the castle, Criminologist's office |
"Science Fiction/Double Feature" (Reprise) |
Richard O'Brien | End credits |
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was released as The Rocky Horror Picture Show: Music From The Motion Picture in 1975. It contained the tracks:
No. | Title | Performer | Length |
---|---|---|---|
1. | "Science Fiction/Double Feature" | Richard O'Brien | 4:30 |
2. | "Dammit Janet" | Barry Bostwick, Susan Sarandon | 2:51 |
3. | "Over at the Frankenstein Place" | Barry Bostwick | 2:37 |
4. | "Time Warp" | Richard O'Brien | 3:15 |
5. | "Sweet Transvestite" | Tim Curry | 3:21 |
6. | "I Can Make You a Man" | Tim Curry | 2:07 |
7. | "Hot Patootie – Bless My Soul" | Meat Loaf | 3:00 |
8. | "I Can Make You a Man (Reprise)" | Tim Curry | 1:44 |
No. | Title | Performer | Length |
---|---|---|---|
1. | "Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch Me" | Susan Sarandon | 2:27 |
2. | "Eddie" | Jonathan Adams | 2:44 |
3. | "Floor Show": a. "Rose Tint My World" b. "Fanfare/Don't Dream It" c. "Wild and Untamed Thing" | Peter Hinwood | 8:13 |
4. | "I'm Going Home" | Tim Curry | 2:48 |
5. | "Super Heroes" | Barry Bostwick | 2:45 |
6. | "Science Fiction/Double Feature (Reprise)" | Richard O'Brien | 1:26 |
In pop culture
- The Drew Carey Show season two finale features a mash-up of "Time Warp" and Peaches and Herb's "Shake Your Groove Thing". (The scene centered around a meeting at a midnight movie between Drew and his friends, who came to see Rocky Horror, and a group led by Mimi and Mr. Wick, who came to see The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert.)
- One of the promos for 3rd Rock from the Sun had the cast in a Rocky Horror Picture Show theme.
- An episode of The Boondocks had a parody of Tyler Perry re-enacting the "Time Warp" scene.
- An episode of Cold Case, "Creatures of the Night" (TV episode 2005 #2.21), features Barry Bostwick and revolves around a showing of the movie The Rocky Horror Picture Show. The style of the flashback "transitions" and filming in this episode are inspired by Rocky Horror, and all of the songs are from the film.
- In an episode of That '70s Show, the character Fez dresses up as Dr. Frank-N-Furter on Halloween.
- Rob Zombie's remake, Halloween II, includes character Laurie Strode and friends dressed as characters from RHPS while they attend a Halloween costume concert/party.
- In a deleted scene for Austin Powers in Goldmember, Austin is in corsets and fishnets; in a sort of split screen, the legs walk away from him and he whistles them back.
- Fox's fifth episode of the second season of the television show Glee was entitled "The Rocky Horror Glee Show" and aired on October 26th, 2010. The episode revolved around rehearsals for the show choir's annual musical and a debate over whether or not Rocky Horror should be performed by a group of high school students. It included seven songs from the musical being sung by the cast, with changes to some lyrics and characters to make the performance suitable for broadcast on American Prime time television. This is a fact that is referenced several times within the show. The changes are excused with the show being performed by teenage characters for a public high school production. "Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch Me," being one of the more risqué songs in the episode, is performed by two adult characters. Also, through some "in episode" recasting, the young African-American soloist Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley) ends up playing Frank-N-Furter, giving a soulful, if not so risqué, reboot to "Sweet Transvestite." This tribute episode also touches on the popular belief that the film and musical's base audience is the "outcast" crowd. The show's main characters identify with this, as they are seen as being quite low in the hierarchy of the society at their school. Both Barry Bostwick and Meat Loaf have cameos in the episode, as executives for the fictional television station "WOHN News 8." Their characters attempt to create controversy over the choir's planned performance.
See also
References
- ^ While the plot and dialogue provide a timeline for the setting of the film, many critics and fans alike point to the Richard Nixon resignation speech, made in August of 1974, that characters Brad and Janet are listening to when their tire goes flat. The Internet Movie Database states "Richard O'Brien has said about this inconsistency that it was used to show how much of a nerd Brad is, implying that he taped the speech and listened to it regularly." See Sandy's, Jon (6 March 2007). Movie Mistakes Take 5. Virgin Books; Rev Upd edition. pp. 249. ISBN 978-0753511138.
- ^ "Lou Adler Biography". Musician Biographies. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
- ^ "The Rocky Horror Picture Show". wwwmcc.murdoch.edu.au. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f Samuels (1983), p. 11
- ^ Henkin (1979), p. 16
- ^ a b O'Brien, Richard, Sharman, Jim (1 January 2005). "The Rocky Horror Picture Show (original shooting script)". www.godamongdirectors.com. Retrieved 1 July 2007.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Harpole, Charles (5 November 1999). History of the American cinema. Charles Scribner's Sons; 1 edi. pp. 212–213. ISBN 978-0684804637.
- ^ "Welcome to Oakley Court". Retrieved 13 June 2007.
- ^ ""Don't Blane Sue-she just made the costumes!"". Retrieved 1 July 2007.
- ^ Morrisroe, Patricia. "The costume designer for Rocky Horror shows her stuff". Retrieved 1 July 2007.
- ^ "Pierre La Roche". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
- ^ "Fox Celebrates 25 Years of Absolute Pleasure, Pop Culture Phenomenon and Midnight Classic" (Press release). RHPS Official Fan Site. 24 August 2000. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
- ^ "Alternate versions for The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
- ^ Piro & Hess (1991), p. 77
- ^ "Rocky Horror Picture Show Blu-ray in 2010". Retrieved 27 December 2009.
- ^ "RHPS Official Fan Site: News: Press Release". Retrieved 2 August 2010.
- ^ Henkin (1979), p. 25
- ^ Henkin (1979), p. 26
- ^ a b "Box office / business for The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975)". www.imdb.com. Retrieved 2 August 2007.
- ^ "The Numbers – Top 50 Movies Never to Go Into Wide Release". The Numbers. 13 June 2007. Archived from the original on 2 January 2008. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
- ^ Swihart, Stanton. "Dori Hartley > Biography". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (help) - ^ "The Rocky Horror Show". Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
- ^ Van Gelder, Lawrence (13 September 1991). "'Rocky Horror' to 'Queen'". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
- ^ Frankel, Daniel (23 July 2008). "MTV Readies 'Rocky Horror' Redux". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
- ^ "Rocky Remake Leaves O'Brien Cold". BBC News. BBC. 14 August 2008. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|work=
(help) - ^ Frankel, Daniel (15 September 2009). "MTV Nixes 'Rocky Horror' Remake". The Wrap. The Wrap News Inc. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|work=
(help) - ^ "Ryan Murphy To Remake Rocky Horror". Perez Hilton. Perez Hilton. 19 October 2010. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
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Bibliography
- Hallenbeck, Bruce (2009). Comedy-Horror Films. Jefferson: McFarland. ISBN 9780786433322.
- Harpole, Charles (1990). History of the American Cinema. New York: Scribner. ISBN 9780684804637.
- Henkin, Bill (1979). The Rocky Horror Picture Show Book. New York: Hawthorn Books. ISBN 9780801564369.
- Leitch, Thomas (2002). Crime Films. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521646710.
- Piro, Sal; Hess, Michael (1991). The Official Rocky Horror Picture Show Audience Par-tic-i-pation Guide. London: Stabur Press. ISBN 094161316X.
- Samuels, Stuart (1983). Midnight Movies. New York: Collier Books. ISBN 002081450X.
- Sandys, Jon (2007). Movie Mistakes Take 5. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 9780753511138.
External links
- Official website
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show at IMDb
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show at AllMovie
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show at Box Office Mojo
- The Rocky Horror Picture Show at Rotten Tomatoes