Undid revision 603944357 by 211.27.114.127 (talk) |
Completely removed one-sided outdated 'skeptical criticism' out of the main areas of the article. Those belong in their own section. NPOV needs to be established in this article. |
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'''The Institutes for The Achievement of Human Potential''' ('''IAHP''') |
'''The Institutes for The Achievement of Human Potential''' ('''IAHP'''), teaches and provides literature on a treatment program which it promotes as improving the health and neurological development of "brain injured" and normal children.<ref name= "About Us"/> The headquarters is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. There are offices and programs offered in several other countries.<ref name= "About Us">{{cite web |title= About Us |url= http://iahp.org/about |website= iahp.org |publisher= The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential}}</ref> |
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Despite being criticized by skeptics, The Institutes programs are widely praised by medical professionals who follow personalized approaches to treatment and education. “Upon reflection, I recognize that the program at the Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential is the quintessential functional neurology program. It shares all the concepts that underlie the principles of the Institute for Functional Medicine. Within its formalization and therapies may lie the solution to autism.” - Jeffrey Bland, Ph.D. ''Alternative Therapies'' Nov 2008 Vol 14 Number 6. |
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Their programs for brain injured children have been widely criticized.<ref name= "Hornby2013"/><ref name= "Kavale2004"/><ref name="robards1994"/> According to the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]], the institute's patterning treatment is based on an outmoded and oversimplified theory of [[brain development]], its effectiveness is not supported by [[evidence-based medicine]], and its use is unwarranted.<ref name=pediatrics/> |
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The IAHP was criticized by [[Herman H. Spitz]] in his 1986 book, ''The Raising of Intelligence'' who said, "The wasted money and shattered marriages are undocumented in the information provided to its potential customers by the Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential, which must take its place in the long list of pseudoscientific impressive sounding remedies sold by self-righteous advocates who feed on human anguish."<ref name= "Spitz2013">{{cite book |first= Herman H. |last= Spitz |authorlink= Herman H. Spitz |year= 2013 |origyear= 1986 |title= The Raising of Intelligence: A Selected History of Attempts To Raise Retarded Intelligence |publisher= [[Routledge]] |pages= 183–7 |isbn= 9781136562075}}</ref> |
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IAHP has a self-published journal titled ''In-Report''.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.iahp.org/The-Journal-of-the-Institutes-T.220+M52087573ab0.0.html |title= In-Report |website= iahp.org |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120308185329/http://www.iahp.org/The-Journal-of-the-Institutes-T.220+M52087573ab0.0.html |archivedate= 2012-03-08}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The IAHP website gives a founding date of 1955 and lists only Glenn Doman as founder |
The IAHP website gives a founding date of 1955 and lists only Glenn Doman as founder. The Institutes for The Achievement of Human Potential (IAHP, also known as "The Institutes") is located in [[Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania|Wyndmoor, Pa.]], a suburb of [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]].<ref name= "About Us"/> [[Glenn Doman]] (a [[physical therapist]]), together with [[Carl Delacato]] (an educational [[psychologist]]), developed an approach to treating children with brain injury, published in 1960 in the ''[[Journal of the American Medical Association]]'' (''JAMA'').<ref name="doman1960">{{cite journal |last1= Doman |first1= R.J. |last2= Spitz |first2= E.B. |last3= Zucman |first3= E. |last4= Delacato |first4= C.H. |last5= Doman |first5= G. |displayauthors= 4 |title= Children with severe brain injuries. Neurological organization in terms of mobility |journal= [[JAMA (journal)|JAMA]] | year= 1960 |pages= 257–62 |volume= 174 |pmid= 13817361 |doi= 10.1001/jama.1960.03030030037007}}</ref> Their work drew heavily on the ideas of Temple Fay (a [[neurophysiologist]]), who was head of the Department of [[Neurosurgery]] at Temple University Medical School and president of the Philadelphia Neurological Society.<ref>{{cite web |title= Temple Fay, MD |publisher= The Society of Neurological Surgeons |url= http://www.societyns.org/society/bio.aspx?MemberID=99050}}</ref> |
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Since 1968 the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] and other organizations have severely criticized the IHAP's claims of effectiveness, theoretical basis and the demands placed on parents by the IHAP programs.<ref name=pediatrics/><ref name=AAP1968/> Early studies originating from IAHP appeared to show some value of their program but were found to have significant flaws in methodology and analysis.<ref name= "Kavale2004"/><ref name= "Hines2001"/> Following studies with better designs and more objectivity showed the program of IAHP to essentially have no merit.<ref name= "Kavale2004">{{cite book |first1= Kenneth A. |last1= Kavale |first2= Mark P. |last2= Mostert |year= 2004 |title= The Positive Side of Special Education: Minimizing Its Fads, Fancies, and Follies |publisher= [[Rowman & Littlefield|Rowman & Littlefield Education]] |isbn= 9781578860975 |pages= 146–57}}</ref> |
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Glenn Doman published the book ''What To Do About Your Brain-Injured Child'' in 1974, which describes the ideas and techniques used by IAHP. The subtitle of the book ''or your Brain-damaged, Mentally Retarded, Mentally Deficient, Cerebral-Palsied, Epileptic, Autistic, Athetoid, Hyperactive, Attention Deficit Disordered, Developmentally Delayed, Down’s Child'' lists the many conditions the author regards as being encompassed by "brain injured" – the term favoured by IAHP.<ref name="Doman1974">{{cite book |first= Glenn |last= Doman |title= What To Do About Your Brain-injured Child |origyear= 1974 |edition= Revised |year= 2005 |publisher= Square One |isbn= 0757001866}}</ref> According to a 2007 [[WPVI-TV|WPVI]] television news report the IAHP uses the word "hurt" to describe the children they see "with all kinds of brain injuries and conditions, including cerebral palsy, mental retardation, epilepsy, Down's syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism."<ref name= "WPVI 2007"/> Since 1964, Glen Doman (later also Janet and Douglas Doman) has published a number of books in the "Gentle Revolution Series", a line of books for parents of normal children, covering topics such as reading, math, intelligence, and swimming.<ref name="Doman1964">{{cite book |title= How To Teach Your Baby To Read |first1= Glenn |last1= Doman |first2= Janet |last2= Doman |origyear= 1964 |edition= Revised |year= 2005 |publisher= Square One |isbn= 0757001858 |ref= {{SfnRef|Doman & Doman|1964}}}}</ref><ref name="Doman1983">{{cite book |first1= Glenn J. |last1= Doman |first2= Janet |last2= Doman |title= How To Multiply Your Baby's Intelligence |origyear= 1983 |edition= Revised |year= 2005 |publisher= Square One |isbn= 0757001831}}</ref><ref name="Doman1979">{{cite book |first1= Glenn |last1= Doman |first2= Janet |last2= Doman |title= How To Teach Your Baby Math |origyear= 1979 |edition= Revised |year= 2005 |publisher= Square One |isbn= 075700184X}}</ref><ref name="DouglasDoman2006">{{cite book |first= Douglas |last= Doman |title= How to Teach Your Baby to Swim: From Birth to Age Six |publisher= Square One |year= 2006 |isbn= 075700198X}}</ref>{{Primary source-inline|date=March 2014}} Since 1980 Janet Doman (Glenn's daughter) has been director of IAHP.<ref name= "WPVI 2007"/> Programs for "well children" are a significant aspect of the IAHP's promotional material, literature and web site. |
Glenn Doman published the book ''What To Do About Your Brain-Injured Child'' in 1974, which describes the ideas and techniques used by IAHP. The subtitle of the book ''or your Brain-damaged, Mentally Retarded, Mentally Deficient, Cerebral-Palsied, Epileptic, Autistic, Athetoid, Hyperactive, Attention Deficit Disordered, Developmentally Delayed, Down’s Child'' lists the many conditions the author regards as being encompassed by "brain injured" – the term favoured by IAHP.<ref name="Doman1974">{{cite book |first= Glenn |last= Doman |title= What To Do About Your Brain-injured Child |origyear= 1974 |edition= Revised |year= 2005 |publisher= Square One |isbn= 0757001866}}</ref> According to a 2007 [[WPVI-TV|WPVI]] television news report the IAHP uses the word "hurt" to describe the children they see "with all kinds of brain injuries and conditions, including cerebral palsy, mental retardation, epilepsy, Down's syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism."<ref name= "WPVI 2007"/> Since 1964, Glen Doman (later also Janet and Douglas Doman) has published a number of books in the "Gentle Revolution Series", a line of books for parents of normal children, covering topics such as reading, math, intelligence, and swimming.<ref name="Doman1964">{{cite book |title= How To Teach Your Baby To Read |first1= Glenn |last1= Doman |first2= Janet |last2= Doman |origyear= 1964 |edition= Revised |year= 2005 |publisher= Square One |isbn= 0757001858 |ref= {{SfnRef|Doman & Doman|1964}}}}</ref><ref name="Doman1983">{{cite book |first1= Glenn J. |last1= Doman |first2= Janet |last2= Doman |title= How To Multiply Your Baby's Intelligence |origyear= 1983 |edition= Revised |year= 2005 |publisher= Square One |isbn= 0757001831}}</ref><ref name="Doman1979">{{cite book |first1= Glenn |last1= Doman |first2= Janet |last2= Doman |title= How To Teach Your Baby Math |origyear= 1979 |edition= Revised |year= 2005 |publisher= Square One |isbn= 075700184X}}</ref><ref name="DouglasDoman2006">{{cite book |first= Douglas |last= Doman |title= How to Teach Your Baby to Swim: From Birth to Age Six |publisher= Square One |year= 2006 |isbn= 075700198X}}</ref>{{Primary source-inline|date=March 2014}} Since 1980 Janet Doman (Glenn's daughter) has been director of IAHP.<ref name= "WPVI 2007"/> Programs for "well children" are a significant aspect of the IAHP's promotional material, literature and web site. |
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===Programs for brain-injured children=== |
===Programs for brain-injured children=== |
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The IAHP program with their "brain-injured" children begins with a five day seminar that the IAHP calls the "What To Do About Your Brain-Injured Child Course".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.iahp.org/What-To-Do-About-Your-Brain-Inju.28.0.html |title= What To Do About Your Brain-Injured Child |website= iahp.org |date= |accessdate=2010-03-09 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100410012730/http://www.iahp.org/What-To-Do-About-Your-Brain-Inju.28.0.html |archivedate= 2010-04-10}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=February 2014}} {{as of|2007}} this course costs at least $1,600 per couple and must be completed before the IAHP will conduct their initial evaluation of the child, which costs an additional $3,000.<ref name= "WPVI 2007">{{cite episode |title= Controversial treatment for brain-injured children |url= http://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?section=news/health&id=5805363 |date= December 1, 2007 |station= [[WPVI-TV|WPVI]] |network= [[American Broadcasting Company]] (ABC) |city= Philadelphia, PA |series= WPVI Action News: HealthCheck |accessdate= 2014-03-04}}</ref> This seminar has been held in Philadelphia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, and Singapore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iahp.org/Upcoming-Courses.37.0.html |title= Upcoming Courses |website= iahp.org |date= |accessdate= 2010-03-09 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100403080213/http://www.iahp.org/Upcoming-Courses.37.0.html |archivedate= 2010-04-03}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=February 2014}} |
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The |
The Programs for brain-injured children offered by IAHP include: |
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Home study:This program consists of learning how to help a child at home by reading the books that have been written by The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential for that specific purpose. |
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* ''Patterning'' – manipulation of limbs and head in a rhythmic fashion |
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Courses for parents. |
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* ''Creeping'' – forward bodily movement with the abdomen in contact with the floor |
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Appointments: Evaluation, diagnosis and a home-treatment program. |
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* ''Crawling'' – forward bodily movement with the abdomen raised from the floor |
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Support: The Intensive Treatment Program |
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* ''Receptive stimulation'' – visual, tactile and auditory stimulation |
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* ''Expressive activities'' – e.g. picking up objects |
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* ''Masking'' – breathing into a rebreathing mask to increase the amount of carbon dioxide inhaled, which is believed to increase cerebral blood flow |
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* ''Brachiation'' – swinging from a bar or vertical ladder |
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* ''Gravity/Antigravity activities'' – rolling, somersaulting and hanging upside down.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Zigler |first1= Edward |last2= Hodapp |first2= Robert M. |title= Understanding Mental Retardation |chapter= Searching for Miracle Cures |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year= 1986 |isbn= 9780521318785 |pages= [http://books.google.com/books?id=ZgzUwO_IiRYC&pg=PA185 185–6] |ref= {{SfnRef|Zigler & Hodapp|1986}}}}</ref> |
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The program is designed to be used by a parent at home. |
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Nurture Your Smart Newborn |
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Hornby, Howard and Atkinson state the program also includes "gagging" in which the child breathes into a plastic bag until gasping for breath. This is based on the belief that it will cause maximum use of the lungs and thus maximize oxygen circulation to the brain.<ref name= "Hornby2013">{{cite book |last1= Hornby |first1= Garry |first2= Jean |last2= Howard |first3= Mary |last3= Atkinson |title= Controversial Issues in Special Education |year= 2013 |publisher= [[Routledge]] |isbn= 9781134094387 |pages= [http://books.google.com/books?id=T62R6TMzXR0C&pg=PA5 5–7] |ref= {{SfnRef|Hornby, Howard & Atkinson|2013}}}}</ref> |
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How To Multiply Your Baby's Intelligence |
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How To Teach Your Baby To Read |
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How To Teach Your Baby Mathematics |
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How To Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge |
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How To Teach Your Baby To Swim |
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Fit Baby, Smart Baby, Your Baby |
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Hornby et al. conclude their discussion of the IAHP program with the statement, "Therefore, the conclusion must be that this programme is not only ineffective with brain-injured children but also potentially damaging to the functioning of their families."<ref name= "Hornby2013"/> |
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{{Primary sources|section|date=February 2014}} |
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The IAHP also provides programs and literature to the parents of well children. The IAHP provides a series of books and early education kits called the "Gentle Revolution Series", for example, ''How to Teach Your Baby to Read''.{{sfn|Doman & Doman|1964}} |
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The IAHP produces a seminar called the ''"How To Multiply Your Baby's Intelligence Course"'', which provides demonstrations of children taught with the IAHP's methods.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.iahp.org/How-to-Multiply-Your-Baby.328.0.html |title= The How To Multiply Your Baby's Intelligence Course |publisher= IAHP |website= iahp.org |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070824102621/http://www.iahp.org/How-to-Multiply-Your-Baby.328.0.html |archivedate= 2007-08-24}}</ref> |
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==Scientific evaluation== |
==Scientific evaluation== |
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The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] Committee on Children With Disabilities issued warnings regarding patterning, one of the IAHP's therapies for brain injured children, as early as 1968<ref name=AAP1968>{{cite journal |author= American Academy of Pediatrics |title= Doman-Delacato treatment of neurologically handicapped children |journal= AAP Newsletter |date= June 1, 1968 (suppl)}}</ref> and repeated in 1982.<ref name=AAP1982>{{cite journal |author= American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Children With Disabilities |url= http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/70/5/810.full.pdf |title= The Doman-Delacato treatment of neurologically handicapped children |journal= Pediatrics |year= 1982 |volume= 70 |pages= 810–2 |pmid= 6182521}}</ref> Their latest cautionary policy statement was in 1999, which was reaffirmed in 2002{{Citation needed|date=February 2014}}, 2005{{Citation needed|date=February 2014}} and 2010.<ref>{{cite journal |author= American Academy of Pediatrics |authorlink= American Academy of Pediatrics |type= Policy Statement |title= AAP publications reaffirmed and retired |journal= [[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]] |volume= 126 |issue= 4 |year= 2010 |url= http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/126/4/e994.full |pages= e994 |doi= 10.1542/peds.2010-2212}}</ref> It stated: |
The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] Committee on Children With Disabilities issued warnings regarding patterning, one of the IAHP's therapies for brain injured children, as early as 1968<ref name=AAP1968>{{cite journal |author= American Academy of Pediatrics |title= Doman-Delacato treatment of neurologically handicapped children |journal= AAP Newsletter |date= June 1, 1968 (suppl)}}</ref> and repeated in 1982.<ref name=AAP1982>{{cite journal |author= American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Children With Disabilities |url= http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/70/5/810.full.pdf |title= The Doman-Delacato treatment of neurologically handicapped children |journal= Pediatrics |year= 1982 |volume= 70 |pages= 810–2 |pmid= 6182521}}</ref> Their latest cautionary policy statement was in 1999, which was reaffirmed in 2002{{Citation needed|date=February 2014}}, 2005{{Citation needed|date=February 2014}} and 2010.<ref>{{cite journal |author= American Academy of Pediatrics |authorlink= American Academy of Pediatrics |type= Policy Statement |title= AAP publications reaffirmed and retired |journal= [[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]] |volume= 126 |issue= 4 |year= 2010 |url= http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/126/4/e994.full |pages= e994 |doi= 10.1542/peds.2010-2212}}</ref> It stated: |
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⚫ | A number of other organizations have issued cautionary statements about claims for efficacy of this therapy.<ref name=pediatrics/> These include the executive committee of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy,<ref name=CerebralPalsy1965>{{citation |author= American Academy for Cerebral Palsy |title= Doman-Delacato treatment of neurologically handicapped children. Statement of Executive Committee |location= Rosemont, IL |publisher= American Academy for Cerebral Palsy |date= February 15, 1965 |postscript= .}}</ref> the United Cerebral Palsy Association of Texas,<ref name=CerebralPalsyTexas>{{citation |author= United Cerebral Palsy Association of Texas |title= The Doman-Delacato Treatment of Neurologically Handicapped Children |type= information bulletin |date= nd |location= Austin, TX |publisher= United Cerebral Palsy Association of Texas |postscript= .}}</ref> the Canadian Association for Retarded Children<ref name=CanadianAssocRetardedChildren1965>{{cite journal |author= Canadian Association for Retarded Children |title= Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential |journal= Ment Retard |date= Fall 1965 |pages= 27–8}}</ref> the executive board of the [[American Academy of Neurology]],<ref name=AAN>{{cite journal |author= American Academy of Neurology and American Academy of Pediatrics Joint Executive Board Statement |url= http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/ijlink?linkType=PDF&journalCode=neurology&resid=17/7/637 |title= The Doman-Delacato treatment of neurologically handicapped children |journal= Neurology |year= 1967 |volume= 17 |page= 637}}</ref> and the [[American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation]].<ref name=AAPMR>{{cite journal |author= American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation |authorlink= American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation |title= Doman-Delacato treatment of neurologically handicapped children |journal= [[Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation]] |year= 1968 |volume= 49 |pages= 183–6 |pmid= 4296733}}</ref> |
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<blockquote> |
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This statement reviews patterning as a treatment for children with neurologic impairments. This treatment is based on an outmoded and oversimplified theory of brain development. Current information does not support the claims of proponents that this treatment is efficacious, and its use continues to be unwarranted.... [T]he demands and expectations placed on families are so great that in some cases their financial resources may be depleted substantially and parental and sibling relationships could be stressed.<ref name=pediatrics>{{cite journal |last1= Committee on Children with Disabilities |first1= [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] |last2= Ziring |first2= P.R. |last3= brazdziunas |first3= D. |last4= Cooley |first4= W.C. |last5= Kastner |first5= T.A. |last6= Kummer |first6= M.E. |last7= González de Pijem |first7= L. |last8= Quint |first8= R.D. |last9= Ruppert |first9= E.S. |last10= Sandler |first10= A.D. |displayauthors= 4 |title= The treatment of neurologically impaired children using patterning |journal= [[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]] |volume= 104 |issue= 5 Pt 1 |pages= 1149–51 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10545565 |url= http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/104/5/1149 |doi= 10.1542/peds.104.5.1149 |doi_brokendate= 2014-02-20}}</ref> |
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</blockquote> |
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Hornby et al. call R.A. Cummins 1988 book ''The Neurologically Impaired-child: Doman-Delacato Techniques Reappraised'' (Croom Helm, ISBN 9780709948599), "The most comprehensive analysis of the rationale and effectiveness of the Doman-Delacato programme to date" and state Cummins uses [[neuroanatomy]] and [[neurophysiology]] to demonstrate that there is no sound scientific basis for the techniques used by the IAHP and concludes any benefit is likely due to increased activity and attention. Hornby et al. conclude, "It is now clear that the only results supporting the effectiveness of the programme come from a handful of early, poorly controlled studies."<ref name= "Hornby2013"/> Kavale and Mostert and others also identified serious problems with the early research on the IAHP program.<ref name= "Kavale2004"/><ref name= "Spitz2013"/> An analysis of higher quality studies found that students not receiving the treatment had better outcomes than those who were treated by the IAHP.<ref name= "Kavale2004"/> |
Hornby et al. call R.A. Cummins 1988 book ''The Neurologically Impaired-child: Doman-Delacato Techniques Reappraised'' (Croom Helm, ISBN 9780709948599), "The most comprehensive analysis of the rationale and effectiveness of the Doman-Delacato programme to date" and state Cummins uses [[neuroanatomy]] and [[neurophysiology]] to demonstrate that there is no sound scientific basis for the techniques used by the IAHP and concludes any benefit is likely due to increased activity and attention. Hornby et al. conclude, "It is now clear that the only results supporting the effectiveness of the programme come from a handful of early, poorly controlled studies."<ref name= "Hornby2013"/> Kavale and Mostert and others also identified serious problems with the early research on the IAHP program.<ref name= "Kavale2004"/><ref name= "Spitz2013"/> An analysis of higher quality studies found that students not receiving the treatment had better outcomes than those who were treated by the IAHP.<ref name= "Kavale2004"/> |
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⚫ | A 2006 retrospective study of 21 children by the IAHP and others of children with [[cortical visual impairment]] found significant improvement after use of the program.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Malkowicz |first1= D.E. |last2= Myers |first2= G. |last3= Leisman |first3= G. |title= Rehabilitation of cortical visual impairment in children |journal= Int J Neurosci |volume= 116 |issue= 9 |pages= 1015–33 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16861165 |doi= 10.1080/00207450600553505}}</ref> Norum et al. stated regarding this study, "...any proof of effectiveness cannot be obtained from a non-randomized study."<ref name= "Norum2012"/> |
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The IHAP has asserted that it was willing and interested in participating in controlled scientific studies,<ref>{{cite journal |last= Gellis |first= Sydney |title= On the patterning treatment of neurologically handicapped children |journal= Pediatric Notes |date= June 21, 1984 |volume= 8|issue= 25 |url= http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/31289282}}{{Copyvio link}}</ref> in contradiction of this the IHAP has instructed parents of children in their program not to take part in any independent studies designed to evaluate the program's effectiveness.<ref name= "Hornby2013"/> Also in contradiction of these assertions the IAHP withdrew its agreement to participate in a "carefully designed study supported by federal and private agencies" when the study was in its final planning stages.<ref name= "Spitz2013"/> According to Herman Spitz, "The IAHP no longer appears to be interested in a scientific evaluation of their techniques; they have grown large, wealthy, and independent, and their staff is satisfied to provide case histories and propaganda tracts in support of their claims."<ref name= "Spitz2013"/> Similarly Terrence M. Hines stated that they "have shown very little interest in providing empirical support for their methods."<ref name= "Hines2001"/> |
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A 2013 study found the claims of superior results of treatment by the IAHP were not substantiated.<ref name= "von Tetzchner2013"/> |
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A small (15 patients) 2012 Norwegian cost analysis of non proven intensive training treatment for brain damage which included 11 patients treated by IAHP found such treatments were not cost effective and the authors expressed doubt that these treatments could achieve adequate benefits to be cost effective. The papers conclusion was that health care services should not fund these treatments other than for clinical trials.<ref name= "Norum2012">{{cite journal |last1= Norum |first1= J. |last2= Ramsvik |first2= A. |last3= Tjeldnes |first3= K. |year= 2012 |title= Brain damage treated with non proven intensive training 2003-2011: A Norwegian cost analysis |journal= Global Journal of Health Science |volume= 4 |issue= 6 |pages= 179–84 |pmid= 2312175 |doi= 10.5539/gjhs.v4n6p179 |url= http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/19910/13770}}</ref> |
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⚫ | A 2006 retrospective study of 21 children by the IAHP and others of children with [[cortical visual impairment]] found significant improvement after use of the program |
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Kathleen Ann Quill, in her book ''Teaching Children with Autism: What Parents Want'', says "thousands of families have wasted time and money to follow Doman's methods." She goes on to say "Professionals have nothing to learn from Doman's pseudoscientific treatments, but they have plenty to learn from his marketing strategy", which is aimed at parent's "hopes and fantasies".<ref name="quill1994">{{cite book |first= Kathleen Ann |last= Quill |year= 1995 |title= Teaching Children With Autism |publisher= Thomson Delmar Learning |isbn= 0827362692 |pages= 57, 336}}</ref> In ''The Neurology of Autism'' (2005, Coleman, M., ed.) Pavone and Ruggieri found no support for Doman / Delacato patterning having an important role in treatment.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Prendergrast |first= M. |year= 2006 |title= ''The Neurology of Autism'' |type= book review |journal= [[Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology]] |volume= 48 |issue= 5 |page= 400}}</ref> |
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Martha Farrell Erickson and Karen Marie Kurz-Riemer discuss early intervention with "normal infants and toddlers" in their book "''Infants Toddlers and Families''". They claim Doman "capitalized on the desires of members of the "baby boom" generation to maximise their children's intellectual potential" and "encouraged parents to push their infants to develop maximum brain power". However his programs were "based on shaky or nonexistent research evidence" and "most child development experts at the time described many aspects of the program as useless and perhaps even harmful."<ref name="erickson2002">{{cite book |first= Martha Farrell |last= Erickson |last2= Kurz-Riemer |first2= Karen Marie |year= 2002 |title= Infants Toddlers and Families |publisher= Guilford Press |isbn= 1572307781 |pages = 17, 204}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Martin Robards also cites widespread criticism in his book ''Running a Team for Disabled Children and Their Families'' but concedes that Doman and Delacato caused |
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[[Steven Novella]], assistant professor of [[neurology]] at [[Yale School of Medicine|Yale University School of Medicine]], criticized the technique as follows: |
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⚫ | Martin Robards also cites widespread criticism in his book ''Running a Team for Disabled Children and Their Families'' but concedes that Doman and Delacato caused pediatricians and therapists to recognize that early intervention programs are needed.<ref name="robards1994">{{cite book |first= Martin F. |last= Robards |year= 1994 |title= Running a Team for Disabled Children and Their Families |publisher= Cambridge University Press |isbn= 0901260991 |page= [http://books.google.com/books?id=6zcpk6z8fT0C&pg=PA83 83]}}</ref> |
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<blockquote>The Doman-Delacato patterning technique is premised on a bankrupt and discarded theory and has failed when tested under controlled conditions. Its promotion with unsubstantiated claims can cause significant financial and emotional damage. Such claims can instill false hope in many people who are already plagued by guilt and depression, setting them up for a further disappointment, guilt, and feelings of inadequacy. The process can also waste their time, energy, emotion, and money. These resources may be taken away from their children. Parents can also be distracted from dealing with the situation in other practical ways and coping psychologically as a family with the reality of having a brain-injured or mentally retarded child. Parents are encouraged, in fact, to remain in a state of denial while they are pursuing a false cure.<ref name=Novella>{{cite web |url= http://quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/patterning.html |title= Psychomotor patterning: A critical look |year= 2008 |accessdate= 2008-10-23 |work= [[Quackwatch]] |last= Novella |first= S. |authorlink= Steven Novella}}</ref></blockquote> |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 02:21, 16 April 2014
The Institutes for The Achievement of Human Potential (IAHP), teaches and provides literature on a treatment program which it promotes as improving the health and neurological development of "brain injured" and normal children.[1] The headquarters is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. There are offices and programs offered in several other countries.[1]
Despite being criticized by skeptics, The Institutes programs are widely praised by medical professionals who follow personalized approaches to treatment and education. “Upon reflection, I recognize that the program at the Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential is the quintessential functional neurology program. It shares all the concepts that underlie the principles of the Institute for Functional Medicine. Within its formalization and therapies may lie the solution to autism.” - Jeffrey Bland, Ph.D. Alternative Therapies Nov 2008 Vol 14 Number 6.
History
The IAHP website gives a founding date of 1955 and lists only Glenn Doman as founder. The Institutes for The Achievement of Human Potential (IAHP, also known as "The Institutes") is located in Wyndmoor, Pa., a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[1] Glenn Doman (a physical therapist), together with Carl Delacato (an educational psychologist), developed an approach to treating children with brain injury, published in 1960 in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).[2] Their work drew heavily on the ideas of Temple Fay (a neurophysiologist), who was head of the Department of Neurosurgery at Temple University Medical School and president of the Philadelphia Neurological Society.[3]
Glenn Doman published the book What To Do About Your Brain-Injured Child in 1974, which describes the ideas and techniques used by IAHP. The subtitle of the book or your Brain-damaged, Mentally Retarded, Mentally Deficient, Cerebral-Palsied, Epileptic, Autistic, Athetoid, Hyperactive, Attention Deficit Disordered, Developmentally Delayed, Down’s Child lists the many conditions the author regards as being encompassed by "brain injured" – the term favoured by IAHP.[4] According to a 2007 WPVI television news report the IAHP uses the word "hurt" to describe the children they see "with all kinds of brain injuries and conditions, including cerebral palsy, mental retardation, epilepsy, Down's syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism."[5] Since 1964, Glen Doman (later also Janet and Douglas Doman) has published a number of books in the "Gentle Revolution Series", a line of books for parents of normal children, covering topics such as reading, math, intelligence, and swimming.[6][7][8][9][non-primary source needed] Since 1980 Janet Doman (Glenn's daughter) has been director of IAHP.[5] Programs for "well children" are a significant aspect of the IAHP's promotional material, literature and web site.
Programs
Programs for brain-injured children
The Programs for brain-injured children offered by IAHP include:
Home study:This program consists of learning how to help a child at home by reading the books that have been written by The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential for that specific purpose. Courses for parents. Appointments: Evaluation, diagnosis and a home-treatment program. Support: The Intensive Treatment Program
Programs for well children
Nurture Your Smart Newborn How To Multiply Your Baby's Intelligence How To Teach Your Baby To Read How To Teach Your Baby Mathematics How To Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge How To Teach Your Baby To Swim Fit Baby, Smart Baby, Your Baby
Scientific evaluation
The American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Children With Disabilities issued warnings regarding patterning, one of the IAHP's therapies for brain injured children, as early as 1968[10] and repeated in 1982.[11] Their latest cautionary policy statement was in 1999, which was reaffirmed in 2002[citation needed], 2005[citation needed] and 2010.[12] It stated:
A number of other organizations have issued cautionary statements about claims for efficacy of this therapy.[13] These include the executive committee of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy,[14] the United Cerebral Palsy Association of Texas,[15] the Canadian Association for Retarded Children[16] the executive board of the American Academy of Neurology,[17] and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.[18] Hornby et al. call R.A. Cummins 1988 book The Neurologically Impaired-child: Doman-Delacato Techniques Reappraised (Croom Helm, ISBN 9780709948599), "The most comprehensive analysis of the rationale and effectiveness of the Doman-Delacato programme to date" and state Cummins uses neuroanatomy and neurophysiology to demonstrate that there is no sound scientific basis for the techniques used by the IAHP and concludes any benefit is likely due to increased activity and attention. Hornby et al. conclude, "It is now clear that the only results supporting the effectiveness of the programme come from a handful of early, poorly controlled studies."[19] Kavale and Mostert and others also identified serious problems with the early research on the IAHP program.[20][21] An analysis of higher quality studies found that students not receiving the treatment had better outcomes than those who were treated by the IAHP.[20]
A 2006 retrospective study of 21 children by the IAHP and others of children with cortical visual impairment found significant improvement after use of the program.[22] Norum et al. stated regarding this study, "...any proof of effectiveness cannot be obtained from a non-randomized study."[23]
Martin Robards also cites widespread criticism in his book Running a Team for Disabled Children and Their Families but concedes that Doman and Delacato caused pediatricians and therapists to recognize that early intervention programs are needed.[24]
References
- ^ a b c "About Us". iahp.org. The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential.
- ^ Doman, R.J.; Spitz, E.B.; Zucman, E.; Delacato, C.H.; Doman, G. (1960). "Children with severe brain injuries. Neurological organization in terms of mobility". JAMA. 174: 257–62. doi:10.1001/jama.1960.03030030037007. PMID 13817361.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|displayauthors=
ignored (|display-authors=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Temple Fay, MD". The Society of Neurological Surgeons.
- ^ Doman, Glenn (2005) [1974]. What To Do About Your Brain-injured Child (Revised ed.). Square One. ISBN 0757001866.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
WPVI 2007
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Doman, Glenn; Doman, Janet (2005) [1964]. How To Teach Your Baby To Read (Revised ed.). Square One. ISBN 0757001858.
- ^ Doman, Glenn J.; Doman, Janet (2005) [1983]. How To Multiply Your Baby's Intelligence (Revised ed.). Square One. ISBN 0757001831.
- ^ Doman, Glenn; Doman, Janet (2005) [1979]. How To Teach Your Baby Math (Revised ed.). Square One. ISBN 075700184X.
- ^ Doman, Douglas (2006). How to Teach Your Baby to Swim: From Birth to Age Six. Square One. ISBN 075700198X.
- ^ American Academy of Pediatrics (June 1, 1968 (suppl)). "Doman-Delacato treatment of neurologically handicapped children". AAP Newsletter.
{{cite journal}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Children With Disabilities (1982). "The Doman-Delacato treatment of neurologically handicapped children" (PDF). Pediatrics. 70: 810–2. PMID 6182521.
- ^ American Academy of Pediatrics (2010). "AAP publications reaffirmed and retired". Pediatrics (Policy Statement). 126 (4): e994. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-2212.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
pediatrics
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ American Academy for Cerebral Palsy (February 15, 1965), Doman-Delacato treatment of neurologically handicapped children. Statement of Executive Committee, Rosemont, IL: American Academy for Cerebral Palsy.
- ^ United Cerebral Palsy Association of Texas (nd), The Doman-Delacato Treatment of Neurologically Handicapped Children (information bulletin), Austin, TX: United Cerebral Palsy Association of Texas.
- ^ Canadian Association for Retarded Children (Fall 1965). "Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential". Ment Retard: 27–8.
- ^ American Academy of Neurology and American Academy of Pediatrics Joint Executive Board Statement (1967). "The Doman-Delacato treatment of neurologically handicapped children". Neurology. 17: 637.
{{cite journal}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) - ^ American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (1968). "Doman-Delacato treatment of neurologically handicapped children". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 49: 183–6. PMID 4296733.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Hornby2013
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Kavale2004
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Spitz2013
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Malkowicz, D.E.; Myers, G.; Leisman, G. (2006). "Rehabilitation of cortical visual impairment in children". Int J Neurosci. 116 (9): 1015–33. doi:10.1080/00207450600553505. PMID 16861165.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Norum2012
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Robards, Martin F. (1994). Running a Team for Disabled Children and Their Families. Cambridge University Press. p. 83. ISBN 0901260991.
Further reading
Bratt, Berneen (1989). No Time for Jello: One Family's Experiences with the Doman-Delacato Patterning Program. Brookline. ISBN 9780914797562.