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: Last time you edited this page, you have messed up the page and broke the code. Please be careful next time. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/141.226.15.143|141.226.15.143]] ([[User talk:141.226.15.143#top|talk]]) 07:56, 5 October 2020 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--> |
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:: Ha. That was below the belt. [[User:Debresser|Debresser]] ([[User talk:Debresser|talk]]) 22:32, 5 October 2020 (UTC) |
:: Ha. That was below the belt. [[User:Debresser|Debresser]] ([[User talk:Debresser|talk]]) 22:32, 5 October 2020 (UTC) |
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== 'My' version is worse and will ruin the page? == |
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While Dabresser is still holding out, refusing to restore those parts of my edit which remained expunged, SJ asserts that my version in any case is worse than what now exists through several adjustments, and if restored would 'ruin' the article. That is the usual broad swipe, without evidence. For the record, I wrote: |
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<blockquote>(Hamas) is a fundamentalist{{efn|'Hamas is a radical fundamentalist organization that has stated that its highest priority is a Jihad (holy war) for the liberation of Palestine.' {{sfn|Cordesman|2002|p=243}}}} [[national liberation movement]] and [[political party]] marked by a '[[Resistance movement|dual resistance strategy]]'{{efn|'The idea of a militant movement like Hamas possessing both political and military personas simultaneously is not especially new, with the [[Irish Republican Armyu|IRA]]/[[Sinn Féin]] and the Lebanese movement [[Hezbollah]] being two often cited examples. However, this study argues that given the role that resistance plays in the Palestinian narrative, Hamas's dual resistance is a more comprehensive and integrated strategy than that possessed by other so-called hybrid or dual-status movements. This is because Hamas has managed to synergise its political and armed resistance efforts, and it does this to further its self-determination agendas.'{{sfn|Kear|2018|p=7}}}} - '''which has not in the past excluded resort to terrorism''' - of seeking legitimation through the provision of social services and '''militant''' engagement in armed challenges to the Israeli occupation.{{sfn|Kear|2018|pp=2-17|}}{{efn|'One of the secrets behind the success of Hamas is that it is an Islamic and national movement at one and the same time,'{{sfn|Litvak|2008|p=153}}}} It has a social service wing, [[Dawah]], and a military wing, the [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades]].</blockquote>{{Reflist}} |
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The version we have after several editors restored parts of what Debresser expunged. |
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<blockquote>(Hamas) is . .a fundamentalist<ref>[[Anthony H. Cordesman]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ol-ud-Lj5zEC&pg=PA243 ''Peace and War: The Arab–Israeli Military Balance Enters the 21st Century'']. [[Greenwood Publishing Group]]. 2002. p. 243: "Hamas is a radical Islamic fundamentalist organization that has stated that its highest priority is a Jihad (holy war) for the liberation of Palestine."</ref> militant<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-05-12|title=Profile: Hamas Palestinian movement|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13331522|access-date=2020-10-02}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|last=Kear|first=Martin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfl0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT22#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Hamas and Palestine: The Contested Road to Statehood|date=2018-10-25|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=978-0-429-99940-6|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref>and nationalist organization.<ref>Meir Litvak. "Hamas: Palestinian Identity, Islam, and National Sovereignty," in Asher Susser (ed.) [https://books.google.com/books?id=BVBTqq68ZvQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Challenges to the Cohesion of the Arabic State'']. [[Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies]]. Tel Aviv University. 2008. p. 153: 'One of the secrets behind the success of Hamas is that it is an Islamic and national movement at one and the same time,'</ref> It has a social service wing, [[Dawah]], and a military wing, the [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades]]{{efn|'The idea of a militant movement like Hamas possessing both political and military personas simultaneously is not especially new, with the [[Irish Republican Armyu|IRA]]/[[Sinn Féin]] and the Lebanese movement [[Hezbollah]] being two often cited examples. However, this study argues that given the role that resistance plays in the Palestinian narrative, Hamas's dual resistance is a more comprehensive and integrated strategy than that possessed by other so-called hybrid or dual-status movements. This is because Hamas has managed to synergise its political and armed resistance efforts, and it does this to further its self-determination agendas.'{{sfn|Kear|2018|p=7}}}}.</blockquote>{{Reflist}} |
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Shrike who nonetheless is eager to report me for not violating 1R said of the merits of my version:[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Edit_warring&diff=981781361&oldid=981781118 'I actually think your edit is a good one'] |
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So Debresser's revert is still largely operative on the article, and that is why he must restore those parts which remain excised.[[User:Nishidani|Nishidani]] ([[User talk:Nishidani|talk]]) 12:10, 6 October 2020 (UTC) |
Revision as of 12:10, 6 October 2020
Hamas is a former featured article candidate. Please view the links under Article milestones below to see why the nomination failed. For older candidates, please check the archive. | ||||||||||
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Quotes in citations
As per the discussion on Wikipedia talk:Citing sources/Archive 19#Quotes in references and per WP:COPYVIO I will remove the quotes within the citations. This will also make the article a bit shorter (especially the references section) and easier to edit.
Cheers, pedrito - talk - 04.07.2008 06:18
However, its founding charter, writings, and many of its public statements[7] reflect an incontrovertible evidence of Anti-zionism. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alhizabr (talk • contribs) 20:32, 2 January 2009
Was Hamas created in 1976, 1986, 1987, 1988?
1976
The Oxford World Encyclopedia: "Hamas¶ The Islamic Resistance Movement founded in 1976 by Sheikh Yassin Ahmed, with the aim of creating an Islamic state in the former Palestine. "
1986:
"Son of Hamas": http://books.google.com/books?id=QFYw0R8S-KMC&lpg=PT282&pg=PT33
1987:
Wikipedia: "Hamas was created in 1987 by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi and Mohammad Taha of the Palestinian wing of the Muslim Brotherhood at the beginning of the First Intifada."
The Corporate Security Professional's Handbook on Terrorism: "Hamas was a splinter group of the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood and was created as a separate organization in 1987."
1988
http://www.ajc.org/atf/cf/%7B42D75369-D582-4380-8395-D25925B85EAF%7D/HAMAS2006.PDF: Hamas is a creation of the Palestinian branch of the extremist Muslim Brotherhood movement. The organization was created in 1988 by the late Sheikh 11 Ahmad Yassin, the Hamas ideologue and founder who was then a preacher of the Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood movement in Gaza. In concurrence with his teachings, Yassin and his followers formed Hamas as the “military wing” of the Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood. 86.68.157.246 (talk) {BG}; edited: 86.68.157.246 (talk) {BG}
—Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.68.157.246 (talk • contribs) 14:55, 4 January 2009
- For 1987 I can add that it is mentioned that: 'Hamas was founded in 1987 (during the First Intifada)'. The first intifada started at December 1987 in that case Hamas was established on December 1987, When exactly? Maybe with the first manifest?
Both Filiue [1] and Tamimi [2] give December 14, 1987 as the date for the formal establishment of Hamas. Tamimi claims this was the date for the first communique signed Hamas, although according to Filiue, Hamas was not recognized as the official name for the Islamic resistance movement until February 1988.
- ^ "The Origins of Hamas: Militant Legacy or Israeli Tool?". Journal of Palestine Studies. 41 (3): 54–70. 2012. doi:10.1525/jps.2012.XLI.3.54.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - ^ Tamimi, Azzam (2007). Hamas: a history from within ([2nd. ed.] ed.). Northampton, Mass.: Olive Branch. ISBN 978-1566568241.
Gaza Finance section
This at most needs to be boiled down to a few lines. It is scattered tidbits patched together with no synthetic thematic approach.
Gaza domestic funding
Hamas approved a 540-million-dollar government budget for 2010 with up to 90% coming from "undisclosed" foreign aid, which includes funding from Iran and Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood according to western intelligence agencies.[1] Due to the Gaza blockade, Hamas still faces a financial crisis. With a bureaucracy of around 30,000 staff, the organisation is growing faster than can be handled, with salaries being delayed or prioritised for the lowest paid. To fund its budget, Hamas has raised new taxes on businesses and imposed a 14.5% tax on luxury goods smuggled through the tunnels. Gaza businessmen have accused Hamas of profiting from the blockade and using these taxes to buy large tracts of land and private buildings for public facilities in competition to established businesses.[1][2][3]
In August 2011, the U.S State Department threatened to cut 100 million dollars in aid it sends to the Gaza Strip if Hamas continues to insist upon auditing American foreign aid organizations after Hamas suspended operations of the International Medical Corps following the group's refusal to submit to an on-site audit. Most foreign charities submit their own audits to the Interior Ministry in Ramallah. Charities must be audited by law, possibly to ensure money is not diverted for political or intelligence-gathering purposes but as the U.S. government forbids direct contact with Hamas, the action prompted Washington to issue the threat via a third party. Aid provided by American and other foreign groups goes to hundreds of thousands of Palestinians in Gaza, where most of the 1.6 million residents are refugees.[4][5]
A U.S. official based in the region said "USAID-funded partner organizations operating in Gaza are forced by Hamas's actions to suspend their assistance work. (They) were put on hold effective August 12."[6] According to the official, Hamas demanded access to files and records of NGOs, which would reveal financial and administrative information, details of staff members and information on beneficiaries. He said Hamas shut down IMC and USAID after the U.S. objected to "unwarranted audits". Hamas administration official Taher al-Nono said Hamas had a right to monitor their work in the territory but an understanding had been reached that would allow independent auditing teams to inspect the files of NGOs.[7]
A day after the U.S. announced it was suspending financial aid to Gaza, Hamas officials said they had reached an agreement with the United States that would allow USAID to continue operations.[8]
In August 2011, the Hamas government in the Gaza Strip imposed new travel restrictions on Palestinians active in non-governmental organizations by requiring them to provide details of the trip to the ministry in what the Palestinian NGO Network regards as another Hamas attempt to control and hamper them. The Palestinian Center for Human Rights condemned the new laws. Tharut al Bic, head of the interior ministry's NGO department, stated, "the new instructions are intended to make it easier for travellers to better organize their trip and to preserve order." Hamas requires sick people wishing to leave the Gaza Strip to submit applications and meet various conditions, in addition to restrictions Israel imposes on Palestinians leaving Gaza.[9]
In 2014 Fatah accused Hamas of stealing a total of $700 million from aid directed at Gaza Strip reconstruction and civilian casualties of the conflict. In the beginning of October Hamas soldiers raided one of the branches of Bank of Palestine and seized $750'000 in cash. A number of Fatah activists also accused Fatah leadership of organized theft of aid resources.[10]
References
- ^ a b Iran punishes Hamas for not backing Assad| August 23, 2011
- ^ Hamas imposes new Gaza taxes to pay for burgeoning bureaucracy, The Guardian, by Rory McCarthy.
- ^ Eric Cunningham (August 17, 2009). "Hamas profits from Israel's Gaza blockade". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
- ^ Bronner, Ethan (August 11, 2011). "U.S. Threatens to Halt Gaza Aid Over Hamas Audits". The New York Times. Retrieved August 12, 2011.
- ^ Miller, David E. (August 11, 2011). "US may cut Gaza aid over Hamas probes". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
- ^ "US suspends work of aid groups in Gaza Strip". Ynetnews.com. 1995-06-20. Retrieved 2014-08-02.
- ^ Nidal al-Mughrabi (August 13, 2011). "U.S. suspends work of aid groups in Gaza Strip". Reuters. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
- ^ "'Hamas, US reach compromise on Gaza aid'". The Jerusalem Post. August 13, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
- ^ Hass, Amira (August 30, 2011). "Gaza NGOs express 'horror' at new Hamas travel restrictions on Palestinians". Haaretz. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
- ^ "Hamas and Fatah Already Fighting Over Gaza Funds". Gatestone Institute. 2014-09-20. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
Militant?
Most sources distinguishes between Hamas and it's military wing(s). I.e Hamas itself is not militant. ImTheIP (talk) 05:16, 6 August 2020 (UTC)
- The military wing is integral part of Hamas. It is true that Hamas is not only a militant group, but it is also a militant group. so yes, Haamas is a militant organization that carried out many suicide bomb attacks.ArmorredKnight (talk) 15:53, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
- No. Hamas is organized similarly to Batasuna and Sinn Féin was. And it is, as always, the side making the claim (in this case that Hamas is militant) that has to provide sources. ImTheIP (talk) 16:11, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
- I don't know about the Sinn Féin, but the military wing is integral part of Hamas and as such it is a militant organization. From what I know almost 40% of its budget go to militant activity.
- Also there are many sources that says Hamas is militant organization here are some:
- No. Hamas is organized similarly to Batasuna and Sinn Féin was. And it is, as always, the side making the claim (in this case that Hamas is militant) that has to provide sources. ImTheIP (talk) 16:11, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
- https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hamas "militant Islamic Palestinian nationalist "
- https://www.haaretz.com/misc/tags/TAG-hamas-1.5598922 "Hamas is a militant and political Islamist group"
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/israel-says-it-arrested-hamas-militant-who-fled-strip-by-sea/2020/07/30/8fe7162c-d273-11ea-826b-cc394d824e35_story.html
- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13331522 Hamas is the largest of several Palestinian militant Islamist groups.
- since the sources are saying that Hamas is a militant group, we can safely put it in the article. After all debate about facts should be decide according the sources. If you have reliable sources that say that Hamas is not militant organization, we can talk about it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ArmorredKnight (talk • contribs) 16:23, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
someone should please put back the militant in the article. ImTheIP removed it even thought there are sources that support it is militant. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ArmorredKnight (talk • contribs) 16:26, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
A lot of Western reporting on Palestinian organizations as frighteningly incorrect. They have trouble distinguishing between Fatah and PLO, and between PLO and PNA, and between Hamas and its military wings. If Hamas is militant because of its military wings, then so is the State of Israel because of IDF and ANC because of uMkhonto we Sizwe. ImTheIP (talk) 18:18, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
- The state of Israel is a country. Almost all countries have an army. Most political organization don't have military wing. Also, you asked for sources and you got your sources. We have more than enough sources that say that Hamas is a militant organization. You can NOT just dismiss the sources because you don't like what they are saying. You are welcome to bring reliable sources that say that Hamas is not a militant organization. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ArmorredKnight (talk • contribs) 19:42, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
- "Militant" is a fairly mild description and I would not object to it (terrorist organization is worse) although I understand the point the ImTheIP is making about the separate wings a la IRA/Hizbollah. Anyway IRA political wing is now part of government (as is H) and ultimately, I suspect the same sort of thing will happen with Hamas.Selfstudier (talk) 10:56, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Almost any militant organization that is large enough have a political wing that directly not involved in terrorist activity(e.g Al-Qaeda and ISIS.Anyhow we go according to what WP:RS say and they describe it as militant --Shrike (talk) 12:30, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Drop the Al-Qaeda/ISIS idiotic pseudo-analogy. The Haganah was the military wing nof the Yishuv, as the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades became the military wing of Hamas. The Irgun played the bad cop version; though the Yishuv could have rounded its militants up in a week, they kept mum. Hamas began as a social-political party sponsored by Israel that adopted terrorism because, in their view (much like the IRA so admired by the Irgun) they regarded the IDF as a force of state terrorism by an occupying power. To note these things carries no judgment or justification of the choices made by any of these actors. But a neutral perspective will note the analogies, and would be wary of espousing a conflation of the two functions, even though they are connected, just as the Yishuv was connected to the Irgun. As things stand Hamas, like Hezbollah, is a political movement, democratically elected, that has an armed branch, but its activities cannot be reduced to terrorism or militancy. Nishidani (talk) 14:13, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Hamas was involved in terror activity in very early stage. In any case, we have sources that say that Hamas is a militant organization. That should end the debate.Wikipedia follows what the source are saying.ArmorredKnight (talk) 15:54, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- by the way, Al-Qaeda/ISIS is actually a better analogy to Hamas as they are more close ideologically. Anyway, we have reliable sources that say that Hamas is a militant organization.ArmorredKnight (talk) 16:02, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Read the banner. You haven't edited enough articles to contribute here, and your talk page comments about what 'we' must do are pointless. In the meantime, read the article and learn something. Nishidani (talk) 16:18, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Nishidani, I suggest you start to behave. I didn't ask for any advice and I do not appreciate your attitude. While I can not edit the article, I can defiantly contribute to the talk page. My point are not pointless, because I mention how Wikipedia works. You are entitled to your own opinion. You can think whatever you want about Hamas. But the decision about what should be written in the article should be only according to the sources. If we have sources that say that Hamas is militant organization than that end the debate. It should be mentioned in the article. You may not like it. But this is what the sources are saying.ArmorredKnight (talk) 18:37, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Read the banner. You haven't edited enough articles to contribute here, and your talk page comments about what 'we' must do are pointless. In the meantime, read the article and learn something. Nishidani (talk) 16:18, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Drop the Al-Qaeda/ISIS idiotic pseudo-analogy. The Haganah was the military wing nof the Yishuv, as the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades became the military wing of Hamas. The Irgun played the bad cop version; though the Yishuv could have rounded its militants up in a week, they kept mum. Hamas began as a social-political party sponsored by Israel that adopted terrorism because, in their view (much like the IRA so admired by the Irgun) they regarded the IDF as a force of state terrorism by an occupying power. To note these things carries no judgment or justification of the choices made by any of these actors. But a neutral perspective will note the analogies, and would be wary of espousing a conflation of the two functions, even though they are connected, just as the Yishuv was connected to the Irgun. As things stand Hamas, like Hezbollah, is a political movement, democratically elected, that has an armed branch, but its activities cannot be reduced to terrorism or militancy. Nishidani (talk) 14:13, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
Nishidani, you should not have deleted the word "militant", we have sources for it, including Britannica encyclopedia. You are doing it against the sources that mention that Hamas is militant organization. Please put back the word "militant", as there are sources that support this claim.ArmorredKnight (talk) 20:15, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Obviously. This is sourced, this has a clear consensus, ergo, we must have it. Debresser (talk) 20:30, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Obviously you did not read the edit I made, where I shifted the adjective, retaining it. So, aside from a desire to consciously break 1R to challenge my return to a page to finish what I did in a major rewrite adding 18& of the content,- no one has made any substantive challenge to that work- what are you doing reverting without reading what you revert? Nishidani (talk) 20:57, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Are you referring to me? I did, and I noticed. I didn't make my revert because of this issue at all, as you can see from the explanatory edit summary. Debresser (talk) 21:02, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Again we are back to the old problem. Understanding elementary logic.
- The redlinked intruder here reproved me for deleting the world 'militant', since he did not read what I wrote, which contains the word militant.
- You concurred with the intruder:'Obviously. This is sourced, this has a clear consensus, ergo, we must have it.
- Again we are back to the old problem. Understanding elementary logic.
- Are you referring to me? I did, and I noticed. I didn't make my revert because of this issue at all, as you can see from the explanatory edit summary. Debresser (talk) 21:02, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- I.e. you did not notice that Armorred Knight hadn't read my edit, did not notice I did not remove the word 'militant', and therefore neither did you read my edit. And when challenged, assert 'I noticed'.
- So, in the face of the evidence, you are prevaricating. Look the word up. Nishidani (talk) 21:43, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Obviously you did not read the edit I made, where I shifted the adjective, retaining it. So, aside from a desire to consciously break 1R to challenge my return to a page to finish what I did in a major rewrite adding 18& of the content,- no one has made any substantive challenge to that work- what are you doing reverting without reading what you revert? Nishidani (talk) 20:57, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
From what I understand, in Wikipedia, when there is a debate about facts, it is decided according to the sources. There are more than enough sources that say that Hamas is a militant organization.
- https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hamas
- https://www.haaretz.com/misc/tags/TAG-hamas-1.5598922 "Hamas is a militant and political Islamist group"*
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/israel-says-it-arrested-hamas-militant-who-fled-strip-by-sea/2020/07/30/8fe7162c-d273-11ea-826b-cc394d824e35_story.html
- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13331522 Hamas is the largest of several Palestinian militant Islamist groups.
The term militant is neutral (unlike terrorist) and descriptive of the activity of the organization. It is an Islamist militant organization. We have sources for it, so it should be mentioned. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ArmorredKnight (talk • contribs) 20:34, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- The only thing that is stopping me from reporting you, Debresser, for this egregious and conscious violation of WP:1R is that, I don't know why, Sandstein withdrew my right to appear there, a right (as plaintiff or whinger I have exercised only twice in 14 years. But you are, nonetheless, obliged to self-revert.Nishidani (talk) 22:15, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- Nishidani, why does your user page say "this user is no longer active on Wikipedia." if you are still active in Wikipedia? have you taken control on someone else user page?ArmorredKnight (talk) 04:58, 4 October 2020 (UTC)
- The only thing that is stopping me from reporting you, Debresser, for this egregious and conscious violation of WP:1R is that, I don't know why, Sandstein withdrew my right to appear there, a right (as plaintiff or whinger I have exercised only twice in 14 years. But you are, nonetheless, obliged to self-revert.Nishidani (talk) 22:15, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
I regret starting this discussion. Yes, it is not incorrect to say that Hamas is "militant". However, it is perhaps vacuous? I don't think the sentence "Hamas is a Palestinian Sunni-Islamic fundamentalist[13] militant[14] [15]and nationalist organization." describes what Hamas is very well. ImTheIP (talk) 23:01, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
- people can say that it is incorrect that we live on a ball and that the world is flat. Eventually we need to decide according to the sources. What you say contradict what the sources say. The sources say that Hamas is a militant organization. You are insisting to write Wikipedia against what the sources say and only according to your own opinion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ArmorredKnight (talk • contribs) 04:56, 4 October 2020 (UTC)
Format and templates
Despite what has been described as a regular format, templates for sources here are at least six:-
- Cite error: The
<ref>
tag has too many names (see the help page). militant[1] [2]and nationalist organization.[3] It has a social service wing, Dawah, and a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades[a].
- ^ "Profile: Hamas Palestinian movement". BBC News. 2017-05-12. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
- ^ Kear, Martin (2018-10-25). Hamas and Palestine: The Contested Road to Statehood. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-99940-6.
- ^ Meir Litvak. "Hamas: Palestinian Identity, Islam, and National Sovereignty," in Asher Susser (ed.) Challenges to the Cohesion of the Arabic State. Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies. Tel Aviv University. 2008. p. 153: 'One of the secrets behind the success of Hamas is that it is an Islamic and national movement at one and the same time,'
- ^ Kear 2018, p. 7.
Shrike who nonetheless is eager to report me for not violating 1R said of the merits of my version:'I actually think your edit is a good one'
So Debresser's revert is still largely operative on the article, and that is why he must restore those parts which remain excised.Nishidani (talk) 12:10, 6 October 2020 (UTC)
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha>
tags or {{efn}}
templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
template or {{notelist}}
template (see the help page).