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Doric Loon (talk | contribs) I'm not sure school grammar is terribly relevant |
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'''Synchrony''' and '''diachrony''' are two different and complementary viewpoints in [[linguistic]] analysis: |
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'''Synchrony''' and '''diachrony''' are two different and complementary viewpoints in [[linguistic]] analysis. A synchronic approach (from Greek συν- "together" and χρόνος "time") considers a language at a moment in time without taking its history into account. Synchronic linguistics aims at describing a language at a specific point of time, usually the present. By contrast, a [[historic linguistics|diachronic]] approach (from δια- "through" and χρόνος "time") considers the development and evolution of a language through history. [[Historical linguistics]] is typically a diachronic study.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9027272077 |title=Synchrony and Diachrony: A dynamic interface |editor1-last=Giacalone Ramat |editor1-first=Anna |editor2-last=Mauri |editor2-first=Caterina |editor3-last=Molinelli |editor3-first=Piera |isbn=9027272077 |pages=17, 18 |publisher=John Benjamins North America |location=Philadelphia, PA |date=2013 |access-date=3 April 2017}}</ref> |
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* a [[historic linguistics|diachronic]] approach considers the development and evolution of a language through history. The word is built on the Ancient Greek words δια "through" and χρόνος "time". [[Historical linguistics]] is typically a diachronic study. |
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* a synchronic approach considers a language without taking its history into account. The word is built on the Ancient Greek words συν "with" and χρόνος "time". Synchronic linguistics aims at describing language rules at a specific point of time, even though they may have been different at an earlier stage of the language. School [[grammar]] typically uses a synchronic (as well as [[Linguistic prescription|prescriptive]]) approach. |
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The concepts were theorized by the Swiss linguist [[Ferdinand de Saussure]], professor of general linguistics in [[Geneva]] from 1896 to 1911, and appeared in writing in his posthumous ''[[Course in General Linguistics]]'' published in 1916. In contrast with most of his predecessors, who focused on historical evolution of languages, Saussure emphasized the primacy of synchronic analysis to understand their inner functioning, though never forgetting the importance of complementary diachrony. |
{{cn span|The concepts were theorized by the Swiss linguist [[Ferdinand de Saussure]], professor of general linguistics in [[Geneva]] from 1896 to 1911, and appeared in writing in his posthumous ''[[Course in General Linguistics]]'' published in 1916. In contrast with most of his predecessors, who focused on historical evolution of languages, Saussure emphasized the primacy of synchronic analysis to understand their inner functioning, though never forgetting the importance of complementary diachrony. This [[dualism|dualistic]] opposition has been carried over into [[philosophy]] and [[sociology]], for instance by [[Roland Barthes]] and [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]. [[Jacques Lacan]] also used it for [[psychoanalysis]].|date=April 2017}} |
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This [[dualism|dualistic]] opposition has been carried over into [[philosophy]] and [[sociology]], for instance by [[Roland Barthes]] and [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]. [[Jacques Lacan]] also used it for [[psychoanalysis]]. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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*Saussure, Ferdinand de. ''[http://www.royharrisonline.com/linguistic_publications/course_in_general_linguistics.html Course in General Linguistics]''. Eds. Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye. Trans. Roy Harris. La Salle, Illinois: Open Court. 1983 ISBN 0-8126-9023-0 |
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==Further reading== |
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{{Portal|Linguistics}} |
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* {{cite book |last=de Saussure |first=Ferdinand|title=Course in General Linguistics |editor1-first=Charles |editor1-last=Bally|editor2-first=Albert |editor2-last=Sechehaye |translator-first=Roy |translator-last=Harris |location=La Salle, Illinois |publisher=Open Court |date=1983 |ISBN=0-8126-9023-0}} |
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[[Category:Linguistics]] |
[[Category:Linguistics]] |
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[[Category:Ferdinand de Saussure]] |
[[Category:Ferdinand de Saussure]] |
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