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#Redirect [[Anthony Watts (blogger)]] |
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'''Surfacestations''' is a project set up by [[Anthony Watts (blogger)|Anthony Watts]] which he says is for "This website was created in response to the realization that very little physical site survey data exists for the entire United States Historical Climatological Network (USHCN) and Global Historical Climatological Network (GHCN) surface station records worldwide".<ref name="About">{{cite web|url=http://surfacestations.org/about.htm|title=About|last=Watts|first=Anthony|publisher=Surface Stations|page=1|accessdate=5 September 2010}}</ref> Watts claims that 90 percent of 1,200 weather stations are too close to objects such as parking lots, garbage incinerators, and airports and are affected by Urban Heat Island Effect.<ref name="Bret Baier">{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,587542,00.html|title=Climate Scientists Agree to Take Another Shot at Global Warming Research|last=Baier|first=Bret|date=February 26, 2010|work=Fox|publisher=FOX News Network|page=1|accessdate=5 September 2010}}</ref> |
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==History== |
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In 2007 Watts launched the "SurfaceStations.org" project, whose mission is to create a publicly available database of photographs of weather stations,<ref name="A.T.J. de Laat">{{cite journal|last=de Laat|first=A.T.J.|date=16 December 2008.|journal=American Geophysical Union.|publisher=American Geophysical Union.|volume=89|issue=51|page=4|doi=10.1029/2008EO510005}}</ref> along with their metadata, in response to what he described as "a massive failure of bureaucracy to perform something so simple as taking some photographs and making some measurements and notes of a few to a few dozen weather stations in each state". Watts informed radio and television host [[Glen Beck]] that he began the undertaking, wondering if the composition of weather shelter paint had "made a difference" to thermometer readings and, consequently, the U.S. temperature record.<ref>Beck, Glenn. [http://www.glennbeck.com/content/articles/article/196/6727/ Inconvenient Thermometers], glennbeck.com. [[Premiere Radio Networks]], March 3, 2008.</ref> The project relies on volunteers to gather the data.<ref name="aboutSS">{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.surfacestations.org/about.htm |
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|title=About SurfaceStations.org |
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|accessdate=2009-03-06 |
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|last=Watts | first=Anthony |
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|publisher=SurfaceStations.org |
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}}</ref> Volunteers estimate the siting, usage and other conditions of weather stations in NOAA's Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) and grade them for their compliance with the standards published in the organization's ''Climate Reference Network Site Handbook''.<ref name="aboutSS"/><ref name="NOAAHandbook">{{cite book |
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|url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/uscrn/documentation/program/X030FullDocumentD0.pdf |
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|title=Climate Reference Network (CRN) — Site Handbook |
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|publisher=[[NOAA]]/[[NESDIS]] |
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|id=NOAA-CRN/OSD-2002-0002R0UD0 |
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|series=CRN Series |
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|month=December | year=2002 |
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|accessdate=2009-09-30 |
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}}</ref> |
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By 2009, the project had documented over 860 stations using over 650 volunteers. In a report entitled ''Is the U.S. Surface Temperature Record Reliable?'', published by the [[Heartland Institute]], Watts concludes that "the errors in the [U.S. temperature] record exceed by a wide margin the purported rise in temperature...during the twentieth century."<ref name="RecordReliable?"> |
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{{cite book|title=Is the U.S. Surface Temperature Record Reliable?|first=Anthony|last=Watts|authorlink = Anthony Watts (blogger)|url=http://wattsupwiththat.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/surfacestationsreport_spring09.pdf|publisher=[[The Heartland Institute]]|year=2009|location=Chicago, IL|ISBN=1-934791-26-6 }}</ref> |
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==Reception== |
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Jay Lawrimore, chief of the climate monitoring branch of the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's]] (NOAA) [[National Climatic Data Center]] (NCDC) has said that he was aware of Watts' work and invites anyone with expertise to contribute to the scientific process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicoer.com/ci_6756355|title=Scientists warm up to Watts' work|last=Olsen | first=Ryan|accessdate=2009-02-05|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070927082547/http://www.chicoer.com/ci_6756355|archivedate=September 27, 2007|publisher=[[Chico Enterprise Record]]|date=August 30, 2007|quote=I think any effort to better understand the observation system that's used to collect data and analyze it is helpful. |
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}}</ref> |
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On July 6, 2009 NOAA issued a preliminary report that charted data from 70 stations that ''SurfaceStations.org'' identified as 'good' or 'best' against the rest of the dataset surveyed at that time, and concluded, "there is no indication from this analysis that poor station exposure has imparted a bias in the U.S. temperature trends."<ref name="NOAAResponse">{{cite web|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/about/response-v2.pdf|title=Talking Points related to concerns about whether the U.S. temperature record is reliable|publisher=[[NOAA]] Climate Services|date=July 6, 2009|accessdate=2009-07-02}}</ref> Watts issued a rebuttal in which he asserted that the preliminary analysis excluded new data on quality of surface stations, and criticized the use of homogenized data from the stations, which in his view accounts for the creation of two nearly identical graphs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wattsupwiththat.com/2009/06/24/ncdc-writes-ghost-talking-points-rebuttal-to-surfacestations-project/|title=NCDC writes ghost "talking points" rebuttal to surfacestations project|last=Watts | first=Anthony |date=2009-06-29|publisher=Watts Up With That?|accessdate=2009-07-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wattsupwiththat.com/2009/07/30/on-climate-comedy-copyrights-and-cinematography/|title=On Climate, Comedy, Copyrights, and Cinematography|last=Watts | first=Anthony|publisher=Watts Up With That?|date=July 31, 2009|accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref> |
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The ''Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres'' subsequently accepted for publication a study, citing Watts' ''Surfacestations.org'', which concludes that "summary, we find no |
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evidence that the CONUS average temperature trends are inflated due to poor station siting." <ref>{{cite journal |last=Menne |first=Matthew J.|coauthors=Claude N. Williams, Jr., and Michael A. Palecki |year=2010 |title=On the reliability of the U.S. surface temperature record |journal=J. Geophys. Res. |volume=115 |page=D11108 |doi=10.1029/2009JD013094. |url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ushcn/v2/monthly/menne-etal2010.pdf |quote=In summary, we find no evidence that the CONUS average temperature trends are inflated due to poor station siting...The reason why station exposure does not play an obvious role in temperature trends probably warrants further investigation.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/blog/2010/jan/27/climate-sceptics-global-warming|title=Climate sceptics distract us from the scientific realities of global warming|last=Cook|first=John|date=27 January 2010 |publisher=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=5 February 2010}}</ref> |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.surfacestations.org/ Surface Stations] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Climate change]] |
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[[Category:Global warming]] |
Revision as of 07:21, 13 September 2010
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