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[[File:StreetfoodNY.jpg|thumb|300px|Street food in New York City]] |
[[File:StreetfoodNY.jpg|thumb|300px|Street food in New York City]] |
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'''Street food''' is ready-to-eat food or drink sold by a [[Hawker (trade)|hawker]], or vendor, in a street or other public place, such as at a market or fair. It is often sold from a portable [[food booth]],<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QQgwVl22fXkC&pg=PR7&dq=ready-to-eat+foods+and+beverage+prepared+and/or+sold&hl=en&ei=-PWrTcnbNcWu8gPb0pm5Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CFIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Street Foods |author=Artemis P. Simopoulos, Ramesh Venkataramana Bhat |page=vii|publisher=Karger Publishers, 2000 |accessdate=18 April 2011}}</ref> [[food cart]], or [[food truck]] and meant for immediate consumption. Some street foods are regional, but many have spread beyond their region of origin. Most street foods are classed as both [[finger food]] and [[fast food]], and are cheaper on average than restaurant meals. According to a 2007 study from the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]], 2.5 billion people eat street food every day.<ref name="faobn">{{cite web |
'''Street food''' is ready-to-eat food or drink sold by a [[Hawker (trade)|hawker]], or vendor, in a street or other public place, such as at a market or fair. It is often sold from a portable [[food booth]],<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QQgwVl22fXkC&pg=PR7&dq=ready-to-eat+foods+and+beverage+prepared+and/or+sold&hl=en&ei=-PWrTcnbNcWu8gPb0pm5Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CFIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Street Foods |author=Artemis P. Simopoulos, Ramesh Venkataramana Bhat |page=vii|publisher=Karger Publishers, 2000 |accessdate=18 April 2011}}</ref> [[food cart]], or [[food truck]] and meant for immediate consumption. Some street foods are regional, but many have spread beyond their region of origin. Most street foods are classed as both [[finger food]] and [[fast food]], and are cheaper on average than restaurant meals. According to a 2007 study from the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]], 2.5 billion people eat street food every day.<ref name="faobn">{{cite web |
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|title = Spotlight: School Children, Street Food and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Tanzania |
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|publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
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|location = Rome, Italy |
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|date=February 2007 |
|date=February 2007 |
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|url = http://www.fao.org/AG/magazine/0702sp1.htm |
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|accessdate = 2008-02-20 |
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}}</ref> |
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[[File:Churro-Vendor.ogg|thumb|A video clip of a vendor making [[churro]]s in [[Colombia]]]] |
[[File:Churro-Vendor.ogg|thumb|A video clip of a vendor making [[churro]]s in [[Colombia]]]] |
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Small fried fish were a street food in ancient Greece,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IFiIg7elnwIC&pg=PA75&lpg=PA75&dq=%22street+food%22+ancient&source=bl&ots=pBed02qKC0&sig=F5MsU6KAHk0Kr158DKCKbK-EfIw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Qa4tUPHYOsK-yQGh94HIBw&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=Cooking in Ancient Civilizations |author = Cathy K. Kaufman |publisher= |date=2006-08-30 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> however, [[Theophrastus]] held the custom of street food in low regard.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQgwVl22fXkC&pg=PR10&lpg=PR10&dq=%22street+food%22+traditions&source=bl&ots=SZSHJpzr5p&sig=UGiAMy9zpUOQAP7ywhqOUIPSfGQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pFgtUL3XDYWryQH9sYDABQ&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=ancient&f=false |title=Street Foods |author = Artemis P. Simopoulos |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> Evidence of a large number of street food vendors were discovered during the excavation of Pompeii.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tWMtRLaZOEC&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=street+food+history&source=bl&ots=5hxQWznFIc&sig=GmPkPzZyETsehxuD6mS85XhX6BE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9JcqUMCbNcjRqwG5vYGoBA&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=street%20food%20history&f=false |title=Food: The History of Taste |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> Street food was widely consumed by poor urban residents of ancient Rome whose tenement homes did not have ovens or hearths.<ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YIUoz98yMvgC&pg=PT130&lpg=PT130&dq=%22street+food%22+ancient&source=bl&ots=Y5Z6RAYmKs&sig=uwzZnn3Ns0Meu69ACVmTBX7D-Mw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=F1ktUJfAPMPaywGH6oCoCw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20ancient&f=false |title=How Food Made History |author = B. W. Higman |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> Here, chickpea soup<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtIXAe2qYDgC&pg=PA283&lpg=PA283&dq=%22street+food%22+ancient&source=bl&ots=20_ZF42rQm&sig=z0Nx1k16hPLYZmFJPMwjm9l9W_k&hl=en&sa=X&ei=F1ktUJfAPMPaywGH6oCoCw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=Food in the Ancient World A-Z |author=Andrew Dalby |publisher= |date=2003-06-18 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> with bread and grain paste<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwRE0HIIyWkC&pg=PA319&lpg=PA319&dq=%22street+food%22+russia&source=bl&ots=Ugq84I69Pw&sig=Njt3FIlfQFKoiftzxUVKbUweXh4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TZMtUNi3FIHlyAHM2YDoDA&ved=0CGYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People |author=Linda Civitello |publisher= |date=2011-03-29 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> were common meals. In ancient China, street food generally catered to the poor, however, wealthy residents would send servants to buy street food and bring it back for them to eat in their homes.<ref name="google1"/> |
Small fried fish were a street food in ancient Greece,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IFiIg7elnwIC&pg=PA75&lpg=PA75&dq=%22street+food%22+ancient&source=bl&ots=pBed02qKC0&sig=F5MsU6KAHk0Kr158DKCKbK-EfIw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Qa4tUPHYOsK-yQGh94HIBw&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=Cooking in Ancient Civilizations |author = Cathy K. Kaufman |publisher= |date=2006-08-30 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> however, [[Theophrastus]] held the custom of street food in low regard.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQgwVl22fXkC&pg=PR10&lpg=PR10&dq=%22street+food%22+traditions&source=bl&ots=SZSHJpzr5p&sig=UGiAMy9zpUOQAP7ywhqOUIPSfGQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pFgtUL3XDYWryQH9sYDABQ&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=ancient&f=false |title=Street Foods |author = Artemis P. Simopoulos |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> Evidence of a large number of street food vendors were discovered during the excavation of Pompeii.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tWMtRLaZOEC&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=street+food+history&source=bl&ots=5hxQWznFIc&sig=GmPkPzZyETsehxuD6mS85XhX6BE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9JcqUMCbNcjRqwG5vYGoBA&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=street%20food%20history&f=false |title=Food: The History of Taste |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> Street food was widely consumed by poor urban residents of ancient Rome whose tenement homes did not have ovens or hearths.<ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YIUoz98yMvgC&pg=PT130&lpg=PT130&dq=%22street+food%22+ancient&source=bl&ots=Y5Z6RAYmKs&sig=uwzZnn3Ns0Meu69ACVmTBX7D-Mw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=F1ktUJfAPMPaywGH6oCoCw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20ancient&f=false |title=How Food Made History |author = B. W. Higman |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> Here, chickpea soup<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtIXAe2qYDgC&pg=PA283&lpg=PA283&dq=%22street+food%22+ancient&source=bl&ots=20_ZF42rQm&sig=z0Nx1k16hPLYZmFJPMwjm9l9W_k&hl=en&sa=X&ei=F1ktUJfAPMPaywGH6oCoCw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=Food in the Ancient World A-Z |author=Andrew Dalby |publisher= |date=2003-06-18 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> with bread and grain paste<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwRE0HIIyWkC&pg=PA319&lpg=PA319&dq=%22street+food%22+russia&source=bl&ots=Ugq84I69Pw&sig=Njt3FIlfQFKoiftzxUVKbUweXh4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TZMtUNi3FIHlyAHM2YDoDA&ved=0CGYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People |author=Linda Civitello |publisher= |date=2011-03-29 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> were common meals. In ancient China, street food generally catered to the poor, however, wealthy residents would send servants to buy street food and bring it back for them to eat in their homes.<ref name="google1"/> |
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A traveling Florentine reported in the late 14th century that in Cairo, people brought picnic cloths made of rawhide to spread on the streets and sit on while they ate their meals of lamb kebabs, rice, and fritters that they had purchased from street vendors.<ref name="Mary Snodgrass">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D7IhN7lempUC&pg=PA966&lpg=PA966&dq=%22street+food%22+history+africa&source=bl&ots=HFbtX2Gfx0&sig=2qZekoSxwl7FpbNS2UwEp9SYovY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qmYtUO7nJIPAyAGP3oHYDw&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=Encyclopedia of Kitchen History |author=Mary Snodgrass |
A traveling Florentine reported in the late 14th century that in Cairo, people brought picnic cloths made of rawhide to spread on the streets and sit on while they ate their meals of lamb kebabs, rice, and fritters that they had purchased from street vendors.<ref name="Mary Snodgrass">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D7IhN7lempUC&pg=PA966&lpg=PA966&dq=%22street+food%22+history+africa&source=bl&ots=HFbtX2Gfx0&sig=2qZekoSxwl7FpbNS2UwEp9SYovY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qmYtUO7nJIPAyAGP3oHYDw&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=Encyclopedia of Kitchen History |author=Mary Snodgrass – |publisher= |date=2004-09-27 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> In Renaissance Turkey, many crossroads had vendors selling "fragrant bites of hot meat", including chicken and lamb that had been spit-roasted.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D7IhN7lempUC&pg=PA966&lpg=PA966&dq=street+food+history&source=bl&ots=HFbs33Ncq2&sig=Iqh_v9SVS_Y872767yNVFnegtIE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YpoqUI2dK9TgqAGekIDwBA&ved=0CFcQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=street%20food%20history&f=false |title=Encyclopedia of Kitchen History |author=Mary Snodgrass |publisher= |date=2004-09-27 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> In 1502, Ottoman Turkey became the first country to legislate and standardize street food.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=9XCjAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA357&dq=Street+Food+Around+the+World+Turkey&hl=tr&sa=X&ei=Z91oVeC4A4GxUrOmgcgD&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Street%20Food%20Around%20the%20World%20Turkey&f=false|title=Street Food Around the World|work=google.com.tr}}</ref> |
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Aztec marketplaces had vendors who sold beverages such as ''atolli'' ("a gruel made from maize dough"), almost 50 types of tamales (with ingredients that ranged from the meat of turkey, rabbit, gopher, frog and fish to fruits, eggs and maize flowers),<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vY8Cb3Vc7LMC&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=aztec+%22street+food%22&source=bl&ots=4iY6AEggGD&sig=C-L9SLkDBe8ns20FZsUey7OsWX0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=b4wtUKiRKIe9ywHwsIH4Dw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=aztec%20%22street%20food%22&f=false |title=Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia |author=Susan Evans |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> as well as insects and stews.<ref name="google4">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyppownpnUQC&pg=PA124&lpg=PA124&dq=aztec+%22street+food%22&source=bl&ots=V3VK6uPK1P&sig=H93bx1fhYm3p88rQi3GWbR4q_wY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=b4wtUKiRKIe9ywHwsIH4Dw&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=aztec%20%22street%20food%22&f=false |title=Food Culture In Mexico |author = Long Towell Long, Luis Alberto Vargas |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> Spanish colonization brought European food stocks like wheat, sugarcane and livestock to Peru, however, most commoners continued to primarily eat their traditional diets. Imports were only accepted at the margins of their diet, for example, grilled beef hearts sold by street vendors.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GcwgxnOBXwMC&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=%22street+food%22+history+africa&source=bl&ots=0o7LuzkEOP&sig=5oDR2dDlYAtiFoeVwpDaf3bIwAs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5WYtUIifCcbgyQHjs4Eo&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=Food In World History |author=J. Pilcher |publisher= |date=2005-12-20 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> Some of Lima's 19th-century street vendors such as "Erasmo, the 'negro' sango vendor" and Na Aguedita are still remembered today.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NTo6c_PJWRgC&pg=RA3-PA226&lpg=RA3-PA226&dq=%22street+food%22+russia&source=bl&ots=ghwUnXPyd2&sig=LQr3l2J3vFW_fF4OP-sQ8D7k2qU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EpUtUNTNLpGDyAHgyoHACQ&ved=0CFYQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22&f=false |title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia |author=Ken Albala |publisher=Boo |date=2011-05-25 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> |
Aztec marketplaces had vendors who sold beverages such as ''atolli'' ("a gruel made from maize dough"), almost 50 types of tamales (with ingredients that ranged from the meat of turkey, rabbit, gopher, frog and fish to fruits, eggs and maize flowers),<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vY8Cb3Vc7LMC&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=aztec+%22street+food%22&source=bl&ots=4iY6AEggGD&sig=C-L9SLkDBe8ns20FZsUey7OsWX0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=b4wtUKiRKIe9ywHwsIH4Dw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=aztec%20%22street%20food%22&f=false |title=Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia |author=Susan Evans |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> as well as insects and stews.<ref name="google4">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyppownpnUQC&pg=PA124&lpg=PA124&dq=aztec+%22street+food%22&source=bl&ots=V3VK6uPK1P&sig=H93bx1fhYm3p88rQi3GWbR4q_wY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=b4wtUKiRKIe9ywHwsIH4Dw&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=aztec%20%22street%20food%22&f=false |title=Food Culture In Mexico |author = Long Towell Long, Luis Alberto Vargas |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> Spanish colonization brought European food stocks like wheat, sugarcane and livestock to Peru, however, most commoners continued to primarily eat their traditional diets. Imports were only accepted at the margins of their diet, for example, grilled beef hearts sold by street vendors.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GcwgxnOBXwMC&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=%22street+food%22+history+africa&source=bl&ots=0o7LuzkEOP&sig=5oDR2dDlYAtiFoeVwpDaf3bIwAs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5WYtUIifCcbgyQHjs4Eo&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=Food In World History |author=J. Pilcher |publisher= |date=2005-12-20 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> Some of Lima's 19th-century street vendors such as "Erasmo, the 'negro' sango vendor" and Na Aguedita are still remembered today.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NTo6c_PJWRgC&pg=RA3-PA226&lpg=RA3-PA226&dq=%22street+food%22+russia&source=bl&ots=ghwUnXPyd2&sig=LQr3l2J3vFW_fF4OP-sQ8D7k2qU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EpUtUNTNLpGDyAHgyoHACQ&ved=0CFYQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22&f=false |title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia |author=Ken Albala |publisher=Boo |date=2011-05-25 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> |
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During the American Colonial period, "street vendors sold oysters, roasted corn ears, fruit, and sweets at low prices to all classes." Oysters, in particular, were a cheap and popular street food until around 1910 when overfishing and pollution caused prices to rise.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f01RpO0QsDQC&pg=PA214&lpg=PA214&dq=%22street+food%22+century&source=bl&ots=fQYtWdP-cv&sig=8BB190zZ97qBrvHbt9tkGiN0mC0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4K4tUMLcLYOsyAGu-YCYCg&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20century&f=false |title=Good Food for Little Money: Food and Cooking Among Urban Working-class ... |author=Katherine Leonard Turner |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> Street vendors in New York City faced a lot of opposition. After previous restrictions had limited their operating hours, street food vendors were completely banned in New York City by 1707.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQgwVl22fXkC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=street+food+history&source=bl&ots=SZSGRryx5q&sig=xIc13vrWaYRKT28LsyrUcf2aOTo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9JcqUMCbNcjRqwG5vYGoBA&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=street%20food%20history&f=false |title=Street Foods |author=Artemis P. Simopoulos |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> Many women of African descent made their living selling street foods in America in the 18th and 19th centuries, with products ranging from fruit, cakes, and nuts in Savannah, to coffee, biscuits, pralines, and other sweets in New Orleans.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gF8NCxGHyMMC&pg=PA71&lpg=PA71&dq=%22street+food%22+history+africa+women&source=bl&ots=I4-VmIPdeJ&sig=3U5JWGNlmRNvjG9AK-OqaNDz1DY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8ngtUOvNGuSMyQG7mYCIAQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=African American Foodways: Explorations of History and Culture |
During the American Colonial period, "street vendors sold oysters, roasted corn ears, fruit, and sweets at low prices to all classes." Oysters, in particular, were a cheap and popular street food until around 1910 when overfishing and pollution caused prices to rise.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f01RpO0QsDQC&pg=PA214&lpg=PA214&dq=%22street+food%22+century&source=bl&ots=fQYtWdP-cv&sig=8BB190zZ97qBrvHbt9tkGiN0mC0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4K4tUMLcLYOsyAGu-YCYCg&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20century&f=false |title=Good Food for Little Money: Food and Cooking Among Urban Working-class ... |author=Katherine Leonard Turner |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> Street vendors in New York City faced a lot of opposition. After previous restrictions had limited their operating hours, street food vendors were completely banned in New York City by 1707.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQgwVl22fXkC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=street+food+history&source=bl&ots=SZSGRryx5q&sig=xIc13vrWaYRKT28LsyrUcf2aOTo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9JcqUMCbNcjRqwG5vYGoBA&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=street%20food%20history&f=false |title=Street Foods |author=Artemis P. Simopoulos |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> Many women of African descent made their living selling street foods in America in the 18th and 19th centuries, with products ranging from fruit, cakes, and nuts in Savannah, to coffee, biscuits, pralines, and other sweets in New Orleans.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gF8NCxGHyMMC&pg=PA71&lpg=PA71&dq=%22street+food%22+history+africa+women&source=bl&ots=I4-VmIPdeJ&sig=3U5JWGNlmRNvjG9AK-OqaNDz1DY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8ngtUOvNGuSMyQG7mYCIAQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=African American Foodways: Explorations of History and Culture – |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> [[Cracker Jack]] started as one of many street food exhibits at the [[Columbian Exposition]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IH6KFJ4Om0oC&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=street+food+history&source=bl&ots=z0PVEbNkc4&sig=8fwOu6tMc2IaKutALmVxeVMv7q8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gJoqUJOJFYirrQH1j4CYBw&ved=0CFoQ6AEwBzge#v=onepage&q=street%20food%20history&f=false |title=Eating History: 30 Turning Points in the Making of American Cuisine |author=Andrew F. Smith |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> |
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In the 19th century, street food vendors in Transylvania sold gingerbread-nuts, cream mixed with corn, as well as bacon and other meat fried on top of ceramic vessels with hot coals inside.<ref name="oxford">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FrWgDRkS90EC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=%22street+food%22++japan&source=bl&ots=a0mKx37uES&sig=SQbqlPo8LAgr6LdVuv42yGBJGpw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=r7MtUL36J8eBygG-woDwCA&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22&f=false |title=Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1991: Public Eating : Proceedings |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> [[French fries]], consisting of fried strips of potato, probably originated as a street food in Paris in the 1840s.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfq5Tp0nq98C&pg=PA328&lpg=PA328&dq=%22street+food%22+history+africa&source=bl&ots=BJnme-tL6o&sig=k6YK5bh5OKNmNoTbQ0iwJF5RW9Q&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WmctUKiGJ6rvygG444DoCw&ved=0CGgQ6AEwCTgo#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20history%20africa&f=false |title=France and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History |author=Bill Marshall |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> Street foods in Victorian London included tripe, pea soup, pea pods in butter, whelk, prawns, and jellied eels.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lvugrQV8epgC&pg=PT331&lpg=PT331&dq=street+food+history&source=bl&ots=HKLgeQGUHr&sig=Vz2dZLnpZGSWLpsmwmnboVpHGLU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L5gqUKeJC9DPqwGO94HwCg&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=street%20food%20history&f=false |title=A History of English Food |author=Clarissa Dickson Wright |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> |
In the 19th century, street food vendors in [[Transylvania]] sold gingerbread-nuts, cream mixed with corn, as well as bacon and other meat fried on top of ceramic vessels with hot coals inside.<ref name="oxford">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FrWgDRkS90EC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=%22street+food%22++japan&source=bl&ots=a0mKx37uES&sig=SQbqlPo8LAgr6LdVuv42yGBJGpw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=r7MtUL36J8eBygG-woDwCA&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22&f=false |title=Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1991: Public Eating : Proceedings |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> [[French fries]], consisting of fried strips of potato, probably originated as a street food in Paris in the 1840s.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfq5Tp0nq98C&pg=PA328&lpg=PA328&dq=%22street+food%22+history+africa&source=bl&ots=BJnme-tL6o&sig=k6YK5bh5OKNmNoTbQ0iwJF5RW9Q&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WmctUKiGJ6rvygG444DoCw&ved=0CGgQ6AEwCTgo#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20history%20africa&f=false |title=France and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History |author=Bill Marshall |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> Street foods in Victorian London included tripe, pea soup, pea pods in butter, whelk, prawns, and jellied eels.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lvugrQV8epgC&pg=PT331&lpg=PT331&dq=street+food+history&source=bl&ots=HKLgeQGUHr&sig=Vz2dZLnpZGSWLpsmwmnboVpHGLU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L5gqUKeJC9DPqwGO94HwCg&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=street%20food%20history&f=false |title=A History of English Food |author=Clarissa Dickson Wright |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> |
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[[File:Street food Yasothon.jpg|thumb|A whole street was taken up by street food vendors during the [[Yasothon]] [[Rocket Festival]] in Thailand.]] |
[[File:Street food Yasothon.jpg|thumb|A whole street was taken up by street food vendors during the [[Yasothon]] [[Rocket Festival]] in Thailand.]] |
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[[Ramen]], originally brought to Japan by Chinese immigrants about 100 years ago, began as a street food for laborers and students. However, it soon became a "national dish" and even acquired regional variations.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ppll3L_9fAsC&pg=PA260&lpg=PA260&dq=%22street+food%22++japan&source=bl&ots=Sjr8irwZqz&sig=jCj3KA8lHazbhLX87A0greGGSnI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=r7MtUL36J8eBygG-woDwCA&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20%20japan&f=false |title=Japanese Foodways, Past and Present |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> The street food culture of Southeast Asia today was heavily influenced by [[coolie]] workers imported from China during the late 19th century.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVf94-rwpJ8C&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=%22street+food%22+typical&source=bl&ots=nJzRHFQ8wE&sig=8L-Y3YXo_MKiUPoB5cJ4e82kgEo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1igtUObYBaq9ywHL_oAI&ved=0CGkQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20typical&f=false |title=Slow Food: Collected Thoughts on Taste, Tradition, and the Honest Pleasures ... |author=Carlo Petrini, |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> |
[[Ramen]], originally brought to Japan by Chinese immigrants about 100 years ago, began as a street food for laborers and students. However, it soon became a "national dish" and even acquired regional variations.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ppll3L_9fAsC&pg=PA260&lpg=PA260&dq=%22street+food%22++japan&source=bl&ots=Sjr8irwZqz&sig=jCj3KA8lHazbhLX87A0greGGSnI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=r7MtUL36J8eBygG-woDwCA&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20%20japan&f=false |title=Japanese Foodways, Past and Present |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> The street food culture of Southeast Asia today was heavily influenced by [[coolie]] workers imported from China during the late 19th century.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVf94-rwpJ8C&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=%22street+food%22+typical&source=bl&ots=nJzRHFQ8wE&sig=8L-Y3YXo_MKiUPoB5cJ4e82kgEo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1igtUObYBaq9ywHL_oAI&ved=0CGkQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20typical&f=false |title=Slow Food: Collected Thoughts on Taste, Tradition, and the Honest Pleasures ... |author=Carlo Petrini, |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> |
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In Thailand, although street food did not become popular among native Thai people until the early 1960s, because of rapid urban population growth,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9FF8Sjr479AC&pg=PT20&lpg=PT20&dq=%22street+food%22+traditions&source=bl&ots=BYF2EtSEPa&sig=4WU1pFmT4ugyVCUEdd1VyX_U8n0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=b1gtUIGfHOi5ywGlxYDYCg&ved=0CFkQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20traditions&f=false |title=Thai Street Food |author=David Thompson |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> by the 1970s it had "displaced home-cooking."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YIUoz98yMvgC&pg=PT130&lpg=PT130&dq=%22street+food%22+ancient&source=bl&ots=Y5Z6RAYmKs&sig=uwzZnn3Ns0Meu69ACVmTBX7D-Mw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=F1ktUJfAPMPaywGH6oCoCw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=How Food Made History |author=B. W. Higman |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> |
In Thailand, although street food did not become popular among native Thai people until the early 1960s, because of rapid urban population growth,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9FF8Sjr479AC&pg=PT20&lpg=PT20&dq=%22street+food%22+traditions&source=bl&ots=BYF2EtSEPa&sig=4WU1pFmT4ugyVCUEdd1VyX_U8n0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=b1gtUIGfHOi5ywGlxYDYCg&ved=0CFkQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20traditions&f=false |title=Thai Street Food |author=David Thompson |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> by the 1970s it had "displaced home-cooking."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YIUoz98yMvgC&pg=PT130&lpg=PT130&dq=%22street+food%22+ancient&source=bl&ots=Y5Z6RAYmKs&sig=uwzZnn3Ns0Meu69ACVmTBX7D-Mw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=F1ktUJfAPMPaywGH6oCoCw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=How Food Made History |author=B. W. Higman |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> |
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==Around the world== |
==Around the world== |
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{{main|Regional street food}} |
{{main article|Regional street food}} |
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{{seealso|List of street foods}} |
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[[File:Kakilima street vendors in Jakarta.jpg|thumb|right|[[Food cart]]s lining [[Indonesia]]n street, selling street foods.]] |
[[File:Kakilima street vendors in Jakarta.jpg|thumb|right|[[Food cart]]s lining [[Indonesia]]n street, selling street foods.]] |
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Street food vending is found all around the world, but varies greatly between regions and cultures.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a4qjDoZw1vsC&pg=PA278&lpg=PA278&dq=%22street+food%22+region&source=bl&ots=Vsh7bGjr5d&sig=pBJkHUPWswANCkuvieaI5aRXxTs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EDAtUIKtB4eJywGQ4oG4DQ&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20region&f=false |title=Food At Work: Workplace Solutions For Malnutrition, Obesity And Chronic Diseases |author = Christopher Wanjek |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of [[Vietnam]] as being "fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area" and "draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime", while street food of Thailand is "fiery" and "pungent with shrimp paste ... and fish sauce." New York City's signature street food is the hot dog, however, New York street food also includes everything from "spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles"<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FDAt0uVU7zYC&pg=PA293&lpg=PA293&dq=%22street+food%22+new+york&source=bl&ots=vlE51qkH82&sig=jahsrbeeUUy92pwCGuAwLTj_yds&hl=en&sa=X&ei=o54tUIuSPOmXyAHW34GYAg&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20new%20york&f=false |title=Ultimate Food Journeys: The World's Best Dishes and Where to Eat Them |author = Dorling Kindersley |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> |
Street food vending is found all around the world, but varies greatly between regions and cultures.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a4qjDoZw1vsC&pg=PA278&lpg=PA278&dq=%22street+food%22+region&source=bl&ots=Vsh7bGjr5d&sig=pBJkHUPWswANCkuvieaI5aRXxTs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EDAtUIKtB4eJywGQ4oG4DQ&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20region&f=false |title=Food At Work: Workplace Solutions For Malnutrition, Obesity And Chronic Diseases |author = Christopher Wanjek |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of [[Vietnam]] as being "fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area" and "draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime", while street food of Thailand is "fiery" and "pungent with shrimp paste ... and fish sauce." New York City's signature street food is the hot dog, however, New York street food also includes everything from "spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles"<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FDAt0uVU7zYC&pg=PA293&lpg=PA293&dq=%22street+food%22+new+york&source=bl&ots=vlE51qkH82&sig=jahsrbeeUUy92pwCGuAwLTj_yds&hl=en&sa=X&ei=o54tUIuSPOmXyAHW34GYAg&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20new%20york&f=false |title=Ultimate Food Journeys: The World's Best Dishes and Where to Eat Them |author = Dorling Kindersley |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> |
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Indonesian street food is a diverse mix of [[Indonesian cuisine|local Indonesian]], Chinese, and Dutch influences.<ref>{{cite web | |
Indonesian street food is a diverse mix of [[Indonesian cuisine|local Indonesian]], Chinese, and Dutch influences.<ref>{{cite web |title = The Best Street Food in Jakarta, Indonesia |author = Jing Xuan Teng |date = 28 April 2016 |work = The Culture Trip |url = http://theculturetrip.com/asia/indonesia/articles/the-best-street-food-in-jakarta-indonesia/}}</ref> Indonesian street food often tastes rather strong and spicy. A lot of street food in Indonesia are fried, such as local ''gorengan'' (fritters), also ''[[nasi goreng]]'' and ''[[ayam goreng]]'', while ''[[bakso]]'' meatball soup, skewered chicken [[satay]] and ''[[gado-gado]]'' vegetable salad served in peanut sauce are also popular.<ref>{{cite web |title = Indonesian Street food |work = Food & Travel.com.au|url = http://www.foodandtravel.com.au/indonesia/indonesian-street-food}}</ref> |
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In Hawaii, the local street food tradition of "[[plate lunch]]" (rice, macaroni salad, and a portion of meat) was inspired by the ''[[bento]]'' of the Japanese who had been brought to Hawaii as plantation workers.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNYuUcOKKmcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22street+food%22++history&source=bl&ots=lwUpZM6cmS&sig=EGVkEgKBH8jwKQWv1SOfLlKVuE4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GqUtUM6uJKrSygGFzoHYCw&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBTgU#v=snippet&q=%22street%20food%22%20%20&f=false |title=Foods of Association: Biocultural Perspectives on Foods and Beverages that ... |author=Nina L. Etkin |publisher= |date=2009-09-15 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> In Denmark, [[Pølsevogn|sausage wagons]] allow passersby to purchase sausages and hot dogs. |
In Hawaii, the local street food tradition of "[[plate lunch]]" (rice, macaroni salad, and a portion of meat) was inspired by the ''[[bento]]'' of the Japanese who had been brought to Hawaii as plantation workers.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNYuUcOKKmcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22street+food%22++history&source=bl&ots=lwUpZM6cmS&sig=EGVkEgKBH8jwKQWv1SOfLlKVuE4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GqUtUM6uJKrSygGFzoHYCw&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBTgU#v=snippet&q=%22street%20food%22%20%20&f=false |title=Foods of Association: Biocultural Perspectives on Foods and Beverages that ... |author=Nina L. Etkin |publisher= |date=2009-09-15 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> In Denmark, [[Pølsevogn|sausage wagons]] allow passersby to purchase sausages and hot dogs. |
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In Egypt, a food sold commonly on the street is [[Ful medames|ful]], a slow-cooked fava bean dish.<ref name="Anderson2013">{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt |title=Breakfast: A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&pg=PA33|year=2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|location=Lanham, MD|isbn=978-0-7591-2165-2|page=33}}</ref> |
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==Cultural and economic aspects== |
==Cultural and economic aspects== |
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[[ |
[[File:Messe-36.JPG|thumb|right|Street vendor of snack foods in [[Nepal]]]] |
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Because of differences in culture, social stratification and history, the ways in which family street vendor enterprises are traditionally created and run vary in different areas of the world.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFfG2bL-w9gC&pg=PA164&lpg=PA164&dq=%22street+food%22+history+africa&source=bl&ots=vxmNRgjDsX&sig=E3c4qIwEuCfI5xOaptOGV0UngHw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=J3ktUOqLE4ijyAG0-IGYCA&ved=0CFcQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20history%20africa&f=false |title=Women, the Family, and Policy: A Global Perspective |author=Esther Ngan-Ling Chow |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> For example, few women are street vendors in Bangladesh, but women predominate in the trade in Nigeria and Thailand.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XEacvGSfI9kC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22street+food%22&source=bl&ots=rGUPjTuQcx&sig=1_o6uaA9TICpFucO-luTeRyqRNg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=34ItUJa4G8uMyAHDkICYBQ&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBQ#v=snippet&q=vendor&f=false |title=Street Foods: Urban Food and Employment in Developing Countries |author=Irene Tinker |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> Doreen Fernandez says that Filipino cultural attitudes towards meals is one "cultural factor operating in the street food phenomenon" in the Philippines because eating "food out in the open, in the market or street or field" is "not at odds with the meal indoors or at home" where "there is no special room for dining".<ref name="oxford"/> |
Because of differences in culture, social stratification and history, the ways in which family street vendor enterprises are traditionally created and run vary in different areas of the world.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFfG2bL-w9gC&pg=PA164&lpg=PA164&dq=%22street+food%22+history+africa&source=bl&ots=vxmNRgjDsX&sig=E3c4qIwEuCfI5xOaptOGV0UngHw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=J3ktUOqLE4ijyAG0-IGYCA&ved=0CFcQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20history%20africa&f=false |title=Women, the Family, and Policy: A Global Perspective |author=Esther Ngan-Ling Chow |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> For example, few women are street vendors in Bangladesh, but women predominate in the trade in Nigeria and Thailand.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XEacvGSfI9kC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22street+food%22&source=bl&ots=rGUPjTuQcx&sig=1_o6uaA9TICpFucO-luTeRyqRNg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=34ItUJa4G8uMyAHDkICYBQ&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBQ#v=snippet&q=vendor&f=false |title=Street Foods: Urban Food and Employment in Developing Countries |author=Irene Tinker |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> Doreen Fernandez says that Filipino cultural attitudes towards meals is one "cultural factor operating in the street food phenomenon" in the Philippines because eating "food out in the open, in the market or street or field" is "not at odds with the meal indoors or at home" where "there is no special room for dining".<ref name="oxford"/> |
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Walking on the street while eating is considered rude in some cultures,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9u8n2LTlUuAC&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=%22street+food%22++custom&source=bl&ots=5wiOZImJR-&sig=r0Oc_ERNeXoc8MbWaM6Ydi6ubAQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yagtUOmKCMyhyAGV1oBo&ved=0CGoQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20%20custom&f=false |title=Understanding Tourism: A Critical Introduction |author=Dan Knox, Kevin Hannam |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> such as Japan<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ley_r5VldNUC&pg=PA127&lpg=PA127&dq=%22street+food%22++japan&source=bl&ots=OdzZwibIgR&sig=ACZq2jRN3krg5XpVTWTtKQJuVnI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=r7MtUL36J8eBygG-woDwCA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20%20japan&f=false |title=Food Culture in Japan |author=Michael Ashkenazi, Jeanne Jacob |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> or [[Swahili culture]]s, although it is acceptable for children.<ref name="Albala2011">{{cite book|last=Albala|first=Ken|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [Four Volumes]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG1H75z0EYYC&pg=RA2-PA200|accessdate=4 April 2014|date=2011-05-25|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313376276|pages=2–}}</ref> In India, Henrike Donner wrote about a "marked distinction between food that could be eaten outside, especially by women," and the food prepared and eaten at home, with some non-Indian food being too "strange" or tied too closely to non-vegetarian preparation methods to be made at home.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZAj193Iwv8C&pg=PA71&lpg=PA71&dq=%22street+food%22+history+africa&source=bl&ots=9cldj98kZS&sig=PZLutfQVWEOh5dij6Hkhmf8S8h4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WmctUKiGJ6rvygG444DoCw&ved=0CFwQ6AEwBzgo#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=Being Middle-Class in India: A Way of Life |author = Henrike Donner |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> |
Walking on the street while eating is considered rude in some cultures,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9u8n2LTlUuAC&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=%22street+food%22++custom&source=bl&ots=5wiOZImJR-&sig=r0Oc_ERNeXoc8MbWaM6Ydi6ubAQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yagtUOmKCMyhyAGV1oBo&ved=0CGoQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20%20custom&f=false |title=Understanding Tourism: A Critical Introduction |author=Dan Knox, Kevin Hannam |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> such as Japan<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ley_r5VldNUC&pg=PA127&lpg=PA127&dq=%22street+food%22++japan&source=bl&ots=OdzZwibIgR&sig=ACZq2jRN3krg5XpVTWTtKQJuVnI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=r7MtUL36J8eBygG-woDwCA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20%20japan&f=false |title=Food Culture in Japan |author=Michael Ashkenazi, Jeanne Jacob |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> or [[Swahili culture]]s, although it is acceptable for children.<ref name="Albala2011">{{cite book|last=Albala|first=Ken|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [Four Volumes]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG1H75z0EYYC&pg=RA2-PA200|accessdate=4 April 2014|date=2011-05-25|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313376276|pages=2–}}</ref> In India, Henrike Donner wrote about a "marked distinction between food that could be eaten outside, especially by women," and the food prepared and eaten at home, with some non-Indian food being too "strange" or tied too closely to non-vegetarian preparation methods to be made at home.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZAj193Iwv8C&pg=PA71&lpg=PA71&dq=%22street+food%22+history+africa&source=bl&ots=9cldj98kZS&sig=PZLutfQVWEOh5dij6Hkhmf8S8h4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WmctUKiGJ6rvygG444DoCw&ved=0CFwQ6AEwBzgo#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20&f=false |title=Being Middle-Class in India: A Way of Life |author = Henrike Donner |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> |
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In Tanzania's Dar es Salaam region, street food vendors produce economic benefits beyond their families. Because street food vendors purchase local fresh foods, urban gardens and small-scale farms in the area have expanded.<ref name="google3">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggBcejopzyYC&pg=PA242&lpg=PA242&dq=%22street+food%22&source=bl&ots=mI43tDoKDH&sig=nKXx06mT7s46w4dr8ZptLub5yBA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-YItUMSIGaGqyAGa5oDACw&ved=0CGAQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22&f=false |title=Globalization of Food Systems in Developing Countries: Impact on Food ... Issue #83|publisher=FAO |year=2004 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> In the United States, street food vendors are credited with supporting New York City's rapid growth by supplying meals for the city's merchants and workers.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l4CLQB98un8C&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=%22street+food%22+century&source=bl&ots=sGBjo5hL9T&sig=eApgNUqK0Wbu1BHLRSMJHb2nVP4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4K4tUMLcLYOsyAGu-YCYCg&ved=0CGIQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20century&f=false |title=Start Your Own Food Truck Business |
In Tanzania's Dar es Salaam region, street food vendors produce economic benefits beyond their families. Because street food vendors purchase local fresh foods, urban gardens and small-scale farms in the area have expanded.<ref name="google3">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggBcejopzyYC&pg=PA242&lpg=PA242&dq=%22street+food%22&source=bl&ots=mI43tDoKDH&sig=nKXx06mT7s46w4dr8ZptLub5yBA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-YItUMSIGaGqyAGa5oDACw&ved=0CGAQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22&f=false |title=Globalization of Food Systems in Developing Countries: Impact on Food ... Issue #83|publisher=FAO |year=2004 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> In the United States, street food vendors are credited with supporting New York City's rapid growth by supplying meals for the city's merchants and workers.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l4CLQB98un8C&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=%22street+food%22+century&source=bl&ots=sGBjo5hL9T&sig=eApgNUqK0Wbu1BHLRSMJHb2nVP4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4K4tUMLcLYOsyAGu-YCYCg&ved=0CGIQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=%22street%20food%22%20century&f=false |title=Start Your Own Food Truck Business – Entrepreneur Press |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> Proprietors of street food in the United States have had a goal of upward mobility, moving from selling on the street to their own shops.<ref name="Oxford"/> However, in Mexico, an increase in street vendors has been seen as a sign of deteriorating economic conditions in which food vending is the only employment opportunity that unskilled labor who have migrated from rural areas to urban areas are able to find.<ref name="google4"/> |
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In 2002, [[Coca Cola]] reported that China, India, and Nigeria were some of its fastest-growing markets; markets where the company's expansion efforts included training and equipping mobile street vendors to sell its products.<ref name="google3"/> |
In 2002, [[Coca Cola]] reported that China, India, and Nigeria were some of its fastest-growing markets; markets where the company's expansion efforts included training and equipping mobile street vendors to sell its products.<ref name="google3"/> |
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==Health and safety== |
==Health and safety== |
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[[File:Hepatitis A virus 02.jpg|thumb|left|The [[hepatitis A virus]] can be spread through improper food handling.<ref name="Hoorfar2012">{{cite book|last=Hoorfar|first=Jeffrey|title=Case Studies in Food Safety and Authenticity: Lessons from Real-Life Situations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-tlkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT182|accessdate=7 April 2014|date=2012-06-25|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=9780857096937|pages=182–}}</ref>]] |
[[File:Hepatitis A virus 02.jpg|thumb|left|The [[hepatitis A virus]] can be spread through improper food handling.<ref name="Hoorfar2012">{{cite book|last=Hoorfar|first=Jeffrey|title=Case Studies in Food Safety and Authenticity: Lessons from Real-Life Situations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-tlkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT182|accessdate=7 April 2014|date=2012-06-25|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=9780857096937|pages=182–}}</ref>]] |
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As early as the 14th century, government officials oversaw street food vendor activities.<ref name="Mary Snodgrass" |
As early as the 14th century, government officials oversaw street food vendor activities.<ref name="Mary Snodgrass"/> With the increasing pace of globalization and tourism, the safety of street food has become one of the major concerns of [[public health]], and a focus for governments and scientists to raise public awareness.<ref name="geetp">{{cite web |
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|last = Mukhola |
|last = Mukhola |
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|first = Murembiwa Stanley |
|first = Murembiwa Stanley |
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|url = http://www.qvm.com.au/cooking_class.php?id=107 |
|url = http://www.qvm.com.au/cooking_class.php?id=107 |
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|accessdate = 2007-11-25 |
|accessdate = 2007-11-25 |
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}} {{wayback|url=http://www.qvm.com.au/cooking_class.php?id=107 |date=20071012084528 |
}} {{wayback|url=http://www.qvm.com.au/cooking_class.php?id=107 |date=20071012084528}}</ref><ref name="prr">{{cite web |
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|last = [[Green City Market]] |
|last = [[Green City Market]] |
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|authorlink = |
|authorlink = |
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|url = http://www.brisbanemarkets.com.au/files/BMA%20Fresh%20Source%20June%20Web.pdf |
|url = http://www.brisbanemarkets.com.au/files/BMA%20Fresh%20Source%20June%20Web.pdf |
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|accessdate = 2007-11-27 |
|accessdate = 2007-11-27 |
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|format=PDF |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070829012453/http://www.brisbanemarkets.com.au/files/BMA+Fresh+Source+June+Web.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-08-29}}</ref> |
|format=PDF |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070829012453/http://www.brisbanemarkets.com.au/files/BMA+Fresh+Source+June+Web.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-08-29}}</ref> |
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Despite knowledge of the risk factors, actual harm to consumers’ health is yet to be fully proven and understood. Due to difficulties in tracking cases and the lack of disease-reporting systems, follow-up studies proving actual connections between street food consumption and food-borne diseases are still very few. Little attention has been devoted to consumers and their eating habits, behaviors and awareness. The fact that social and geographical origins largely determine consumers’ physiological adaptation and reaction to foods—whether contaminated or not—is neglected in the literature.<ref>MARRAS S.R. (2014). “Comparative Analysis of Legislative Approaches to Street Food in South American Metropolises.” In Cardoso R., Companion M., Marras S. (eds.). Street Food. Culture, Economy, Health and Governance. London & NY: Routledge. Pp. |
Despite knowledge of the risk factors, actual harm to consumers’ health is yet to be fully proven and understood. Due to difficulties in tracking cases and the lack of disease-reporting systems, follow-up studies proving actual connections between street food consumption and food-borne diseases are still very few. Little attention has been devoted to consumers and their eating habits, behaviors and awareness. The fact that social and geographical origins largely determine consumers’ physiological adaptation and reaction to foods—whether contaminated or not—is neglected in the literature.<ref>MARRAS S.R. (2014). “Comparative Analysis of Legislative Approaches to Street Food in South American Metropolises.” In Cardoso R., Companion M., Marras S. (eds.). Street Food. Culture, Economy, Health and Governance. London & NY: Routledge. Pp.15–45.</ref> |
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In the late 1990s, the United Nations and other organizations began to recognize that street vendors had been an underused method of delivering fortified foods to populations, and in 2007, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization recommended considering methods of adding nutrients and supplements to street foods that are commonly consumed by the particular culture.<ref name="Etkin"/> |
In the late 1990s, the United Nations and other organizations began to recognize that street vendors had been an underused method of delivering fortified foods to populations, and in 2007, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization recommended considering methods of adding nutrients and supplements to street foods that are commonly consumed by the particular culture.<ref name="Etkin"/> |
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{{Portal|Food}} |
{{Portal|Food}} |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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* |
*[[List of street foods]] |
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*[[List of snack foods]] |
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*[[Snack food]] |
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*[[Food street]] |
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* |
*[[Street market]] |
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* |
*[[Catering]] |
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*[[Mobile catering]] |
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* |
*[[Yatai (retail)|''Yatai'']] |
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* |
*[[Ice cream van]] |
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{{div col end}} |
{{div col end}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*{{Commons category-inline|street food}} |
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*{{Wikivoyage-inline}} |
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{{Street food}} |
{{Street food}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Street Food}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Street Food}} |
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[[Category:Street food]] |
[[Category:Street food]] |
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[[Category:Food trucks]] |
[[Category:Food trucks]] |