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Captain '''Stephen Ponsonby Peacocke''' (1813-1872), was a British officer of the [[Bombay Army]] and an artist notable for his 17 paintings of historic [[Landscape art|landscape]] views in the [[Nilgiri Hills|Neilgherry Hills]] in [[South India]]. Tinted [[lithograph]]s were made of these views and published in imperial folio in London by the lithographer Paul Gauci in 1847. Peacocke's lithographs reflect his romantic escape from the plains during a medical leave spent at [[Ootacamund]] in the late 1830s. |
Captain '''Stephen Ponsonby Peacocke''' (1813-1872), was a British officer of the [[Bombay Army]] and an artist notable for his 17 paintings of historic [[Landscape art|landscape]] views in the [[Nilgiri Hills|Neilgherry Hills]] in [[South India]]. Tinted [[lithograph]]s were made of these views and published in imperial folio in London by the lithographer Paul Gauci in 1847. Peacocke's lithographs reflect his romantic escape from the plains during a medical leave spent at [[Ootacamund]] in the late 1830s. |
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<ref name="Swami">{{cite web|url=http://gibberandsqueak.blogspot.com/2008/12/ooty-preserved-sunlit-hillscapes-of.html|title=Ooty Preserved : The Sunlit Hillscapes of Capt Stephen Ponsonby Peacocke|last=Swami|first=V.Narayan |date=January 27, 2009|work=Rabbiting On|publisher=V.Narayan Swami|accessdate=2009-02-09}}</ref> <ref name=Archer/> |
<ref name="Swami">{{cite web|url=http://gibberandsqueak.blogspot.com/2008/12/ooty-preserved-sunlit-hillscapes-of.html|title=Ooty Preserved : The Sunlit Hillscapes of Capt Stephen Ponsonby Peacocke|last=Swami|first=V.Narayan |date=January 27, 2009|work=Rabbiting On|publisher=V.Narayan Swami|accessdate=2009-02-09}}</ref> <ref name=Archer/> |
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[[Image:Peacocke, Capt Stephen Ponsonby.jpg|thumb |
[[Image:Peacocke, Capt Stephen Ponsonby.jpg|thumb|Captain Stephen Ponsonby Peacocke Jr. c.1857]] |
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Stephen Peacocke' s career culminated as a member of the [[New Zealand Legislative Council]] from 1866 until his death in 1872.<ref name="Neville"/> |
Stephen Peacocke' s career culminated as a member of the [[New Zealand Legislative Council]] from 1866 until his death in 1872.<ref name="Neville"/> |
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==Family== |
==Family== |
Revision as of 13:45, 27 February 2009
Captain Stephen Ponsonby Peacocke (1813-1872), was a British officer of the Bombay Army and an artist notable for his 17 paintings of historic landscape views in the Neilgherry Hills in South India. Tinted lithographs were made of these views and published in imperial folio in London by the lithographer Paul Gauci in 1847. Peacocke's lithographs reflect his romantic escape from the plains during a medical leave spent at Ootacamund in the late 1830s. [1] [2]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Peacocke%2C_Capt_Stephen_Ponsonby.jpg/220px-Peacocke%2C_Capt_Stephen_Ponsonby.jpg)
Stephen Peacocke' s career culminated as a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council from 1866 until his death in 1872.[3]
Family
Captain Peacocke's parents, Lieutenant Colonel Stephen Peacocke Sr. of the Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) (3rd Foot) and Louisa Tottenham Peacocke were married at Bath, Somerset, in the west of England, on June 11, 1808.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Peacocke-Col_Stephen_Ponsonby_Peacocke_Sr_George_Chinnery-c.1880.jpg/220px-Peacocke-Col_Stephen_Ponsonby_Peacocke_Sr_George_Chinnery-c.1880.jpg)
There is fine miniature portrait of Stephen Peacocke Sr., c. 1800, by George Chinnery.[4] There is a love note from Louisa to Stephen in the back of the miniature:
"My beloved, my adored, Stephen, my idolised and matchless husband, married June 11th, 1808. Louisa Peacock"[5]
Their eldest child, Stephen Ponsonby Peacocke Jr., the artist, was born in 1813.
Their second son, Eliott Tottenham Peacocke, was at Tonbridge School 1832-33, joined the 1st Bombay Native Infantry in 1837, was promoted to Captain in the 1st Grenadiers Regiment in India in 1847 as Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General of the Army, and died in Bombay aged 38 on 13 July 1854. There was/is supposedly a monument there erected to his memory by his brother officers. [6] [7]
In 1837, Stephen Ponsonby Peacocke Jr. and Isabella Anne Louisa Brydges born 1815, the daughter of a Baronet, were married, probably while he was on leave in England.
Stephen and Isabella had six children and at least ten grandchildren:
- C1. Georgina Elizabeth Emma Peacocke, of Devonport, New Zealand, born c.1844, Poet, author of a book of verse, Rays from the Southern Cross,[8] died May 14, 1892, at Devonport, NZ.
- C2. John FitzRoy Beresford Peacocke, of Remuera, New Zealand, Born Switzerland, c. 1847, married about 1876 at Auckland at the age of 29 to Florence Pilling, lived in New Zealand sixty years, no known occupation, died 11 June 1917 aged seventy at Woolton Road, Remuera, NZ, buried in the Roman Catholic Cemetery at Howick. Male issue living - aged 36, 33, 28, 26. Female issue living - aged 40, 38, 34, 30.
- D1. Hilary m 1st Evelyn Wood 2nd Edna.
- D2. Cyril Loftus DeQuincey Peacocke killed in action WW I.
- D3. Noel Peacocke.
- D4. Muriel Charlotte Anne Peacocke, born 1881.
- D5. Egerton Francis Joseph Peacocke, born 1880, died 1960.
- D6. Blanch Louisa Peacocke.
- D7. Frederica Isabel Peacocke, born 1878.
- D8. Paul Peacocke died in infancy.
- D9. Florence Blanche Mary Peacocke, born 1876.
- D10. ? Madge
- C3. Gerald Loftus Torin Peacocke, a Madeira-born English barrister, later editor of the New Zealand Farmer.
- D1. Inez Isabel Maud Peacocke, born January 31, 1881, a teacher, novelist, broadcaster and poet, married George Edward Cluett on 30 June 1920 in the Holy Trinity Parish Church of Devonport, died childless 1973.[9]
- C4. Reginald Thomas Stephen Peacocke b 1854, went to Australia and married Elizabeth Crook.
- C5. Ponsonby John Raleigh Peacocke.
- C6. Ines Eva Isabel Peacocke, married Thomas Lindesay, of Howick, New Zealand.[10] [11]
Isabella Peacocke died 12 March 1872 and Stephen Peacocke died 30th May 1872. They are both buried in All Saints Churchyard, Howick, NZ. The headstone over their grave reads In death they were not divided.[3]
Career
Stephen Peacocke joined the King's Own Scottish Borderers (25th Foot) infantry regiment as an Ensign on October 25, 1833. He was in India in the 1830's with his regiment and was in Ootacamund convalescing from an illness for some time during this period. He was promoted to Lieutenant on September 15, 1837 and Captain August 23. 1839. In October, 1842, Capt. Peacock was furloughed for 3 months to Bombay.[12] In April, 1843 he was furloughed to England for nine months for the purpose of effecting an exchange or retiring, either on half-pay or by the sale of his commission.[12] By 1851 he was with the 59th Foot and on November 11, 1851 received a brevet promotion to Major.[13] and on the same day appears on the list of Majors who have retired by sale, by commutation, with a gratuity or by surrender of half pay, not in the reserve.[14] In 1854-55, he appears on the retired list.[2]
After a stint in Madeira, Stephen and Louisa immigrated to New Zealand from England in 1857 and founded a strong and continuing lineage in New Zealand and Australia.
In 1860 - 1861 he was on the Auckland Jury list as a Retired field officer living at East Tamaki.[15]
By 1863, Stephen Peacocke had settled in Howick, New Zealand. He attained the rank of Lt. Colonel in the Auckland Militia and was put in command of the 3rd battalion of the Auckland Militia, during the Invasion of Waikato of the Maori wars. In 1865 Stephen (or Ponsonby as he was called) turned his attention to politics. He represented the Pensioner Settlements on the Auckland Provincial Council from 1865 - 1869, and was called to the New Zealand Legislative Council in 1866. He served as Commissioner of Crown Lands between 1867 & 1868. He continued to serve on the Legislative Council until his death in 1872.[3]
Artworks
In the early days, only about 15 years after the founding of Ootacamund, Captain Peacocke created 17 drawings of historic landscape views in the Nilgiri Hills. In May 1847, the imperial folio; Koondah Ranges, Western Ghauts, Madras, at & about the Stations of Ootacamund and Conoor, and the Segoor, Koondah and Conoor Passes, with vignette title page and sixteen large (Template:Cm to in x Template:Cm to in) plates after Peacocke was executed in the best style of tinted lithography printed on card stock, with added hand colouring, in contemporary half morocco leather binding with gilt spine for the price of £2, 12s. 6p.[16] The set was published by the lithographer, Paul Gauci, 9 North Crescent, Bedford Square, London.[17]
There are three notable features in all the Peacocke drawings. First, the play of sunlight in the background of these landscapes is realistic and supplies the title the Sunlit Hillscapes to this series. The soft but brilliant glow of light in the South Indian hills is beautifully captured by the artist in each of the drawings. Second, the graphical perspective in his topographic representations is very lifelike. The elevations and distant houses are all in proportion and scale. The distant views, with scale and depth, give drama to Peacocke's landscapes. Third is attention to detail away from the central focus of the work. For example in View in the Hills, Hullikkul, one can see that the hills to top left are dotted about with houses, not apparent on a cursory glance, all perfectly positioned, topographically, and in perspective. Capt. Peacocke was trained in surveying in the Army and used this training to good effect in his Neilgherry views.[1]
Other than their 1847 publication, the lithographs are undated and the sequence of the originial paintings is unknown. In an advertisement in Allen's Indian Mail the lithographs are listed in the following order:
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Peacocke-Advertisement.jpg/425px-Peacocke-Advertisement.jpg)
- 1. Vignette title-page, with a view of a halting place between Avalanche and Sispara.
- 2. General View of Ootacamund.
- 3. Avalanche.
- 4. View amongst the Hills, near Hullikul.
- 5. Bearer's godown at the Avalanche
- 6. Toda Mund and Todas Ootacamund
- 7. View from the Upper Bungalow, Conoor
- 8. View over the Native Village, Conoor.
- 9. View near Hullikul with the Koondah Range and Peak
- 10. View Of Conoor from the Oota Road
- 11. Traveller's Bungallow, Sispara.
- 12. View in the Koondhas, near Sispara.
- 13. Mr. Grove's House, Waterfall Kaitee.
- 14. Road Cut between Ootacamund and Conoor
- 15. View of the Low Country Conoor Pass.
- 16. Waterfall near Bungallow.
- 17. View at Ootacamuud, Nilligierries.[16]
Gallery of Lithographs
The following gallery of Stephen Peacock's landscape lithographs is ordered geographically from the Low Country & Coonoor Pass, up through General View of Ootacamund and continuing west up along the Sispara Ghat road past Avalanche and culminating in the most dramatic geography in the Nilgiri Hills; View in the Koondahs, near Sispara.
-
A View of the Low Country & Coonoor Pass
-
View of Coonoor from the Ootah Road
-
View from the Upper Bungalow, Coonoor
-
View Near Hullikul, Koondahs
-
View in the Hills, Hullikkul
-
Roadcut Between Coonoor & Ootacamund
-
View Over the Native Village, Coonoor, Looking Towards Ootacamund
-
Government House View at Ootacamund, Neilgherries
-
General View of Ootacamund
-
Waterfall from Bungalow at Colhutty, Segoor pass
-
Mr Grove's House, Waterfall, Kaitie
-
Todas Munds (Huts) & Toda people
-
Bearers godown at the Avalanche
-
The Avalanche
-
(missing) Vignette Title page, View of a halting place between Avalanche and Sispara (This may be Bangitappal)(missing) Vignette Title page, View of a halting place between Avalanche and Sispara (This may be Bangitappal)
-
View in the Koondahs, near Sispara
An entire set of 16, tinted and uncoloured , are part of the Raj Bhavan art collection in Ooty.[1]
In June 1996, a partial set of 14 plates was sold by Christies at auction for £863 ($1,335).[18]
The lithos of Peacocke are not in Travel in Aquatint & Lithography by the late Maj. John Roland Abbey.[19]
References
- ^ a b c Swami, V.Narayan (January 27, 2009). "Ooty Preserved : The Sunlit Hillscapes of Capt Stephen Ponsonby Peacocke". Rabbiting On. V.Narayan Swami. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
- ^ a b Mildred Archer and Ronald Lightbown, India Observed: India as viewed by British artists 1760-1860. (London 1982), Alpine Fine Arts Collection (1984) ISBN-10: 0881680621, ISBN-13: 978-0881680621
- ^ a b c Peacocke, Neville (c. 1980). "the Peacocke Family in New Zealand" (copy of Mary Peacocke Winter ed.). copied for family distribution.
- ^ note: George Chinnery was a celebrated artist of various locations in India before he skipped leaving large debts and went on to Macau where he spent 35 years and also ran up huge debts.
- ^ Winter, Mary (February 8, 2009). "Ooty well preserved and florishing". Rabbiting On. V.Narayan Swami. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ The register of Tonbridge School, from 1820 to 1886
- ^ Reddan, Nick (Dec. 12, 2006). "Peacocke family charts" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-02-14.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ Peacocke, Georgiana (1876). Rays from the Southern Cross (Original from Harvard University, Digitized Mar 21, 2008 ed.). H.S.King & co. pp. with Sixteen Full-page Illustrations.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Inez Isabel Maud Peacocke". Old Poetry. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
- ^ The William the Conqueror DatabaseConqueror 169
- ^ Vol 23, page 297, C. Little records, Auckland Public Library
- ^ a b The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany for British and Foreign India, China and Australia January - April 1843. Item notes: new series, Vol. XL. Vol. n.s. v.40. Leadenhall St., London: Wm. H. Allen & Co. 1843. pp. 68, Furloughs.
{{cite book}}
:|volume=
has extra text (help) Cite error: The named reference "Allen" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ Watts, Francis (1854). Bulletins and Other State Intelligence. Item notes: 1853 (Original from the University of Michigan, Digitized Jun 1, 2007 ed.). London Gazette Office, St. Martins Lane: Published by Compiled and arranged from the official documents published in the London gazette. pp. 1008 Brevet.
- ^ HART., LIEUTENANT GENERAL H. G. (1881). his son (ed.). THE NEW ANNUAL ARMY LIST, MILITIA LIST, YEOMANRY CAVALRY LIST, and INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE LIST for 1881. Vol. FORTY-SECOND ANNUAL VOLUME Corrected to the 30th December, 1880. ALBEMAELE STEEET, LONDON: JOHN MUEEAY,. pp. 611, Majors who have retired...
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Aukland Jury List, 1860 - 1861 L - Y". Daily Southern Cross newspaper. 7 February 1860. pp. Page 4 - Volume XVII, Issue 1294. Retrieved 2009-02-13.
- ^ a b Allen, William H. (1847). "Koondah Ranges, Western Ghauts, Madras, at & about the Stations of Ootacamund and Conoor, and the Segoor, Koondah and Conoor Passes". Allen's Indian Mail, and Register of Intelligence of British & Foreign India, China, & All Parts of the East. L. Wild. p. 604. Retrieved 2009-02-13.
- ^ "Lot 313 : CAPTAIN STEPHEN PONSONBY PEACOCKE "Views in the Neilgherry &". Auction Location: United Kingdom - 1995. Artfact Live Auctions. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
- ^ Captain Stephen Ponsonby Peacocke. "Views in the Neilgherry & Koondah Ranges,..." Christies, London. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
- ^ Abbey, John Roland (1956–57). Travel in Aquatint and Lithography, 1770-1860: From the Library of J. R. Abbey; a Bibliographical Catalogue. Vol. 2 volumes (reprint by Folkestone, Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1972 ed.). London: Curwen Press (private printing). ISBN 0712905677, 9780712905671. OCLC 605971.
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