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==Future== |
==Future== |
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East of [[Benton Harbor, Michigan]], the highway is under study due to environmental, economical and historical site issues. A few alternative extensions to this roadway involve connecting directly to [[Interstate 196|I-196]] at [[Interstate 94|I-94]], and another involves connecting it directly to [[Interstate 94 Business (Benton Harbor-St. Joseph, Michigan)|BL I-94]] at I-94 near Benton Harbor with auxiliary lanes to I-196. As per the study, it is scheduled for completion in 2015, when it will connect to I-196,<ref name="mdot2">{{cite web |author= |title=US-31 Connection to I-94 Study |date=June 15, 2004 |work=[[Michigan Department of Transportation]] |url=http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9621_11058_53088_53099---,00.html |accessdate=October 30, 2009 }}</ref> although as of November 2009 no funding has been identified.<ref name=mdot3>{{cite web |author= |title=Five-Year Transportation Program, FY 2010-2014, Preliminary Draft |date=2009-11 |work=Michigan Department of Transportation |url=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MDOT_5_Year_Program_216970_7.pdf |accessdate=December 2, 2009 |page=81 }}</ref> Until the freeway is complete, US 31 follows a stretch of Napier Avenue, which was upgraded in conjunction with the St. Joseph Valley Parkway opening to that point, westward to I-94.<ref name=MDOT10/> The US 31/I-94/I-196 interchange would have to be redone if a connection is completed there as originally planned. The interchange would be changed to a modified [[cloverleaf interchange]]; it is currently a [[Interchange (road)#Trumpet interchange|trumpet interchange]].<ref>{{cite book |chapterurl=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/Section_3_96026_7.0_Alternatives_Considered.pdf |chapter=Section 3.0 Alternatives Considered |url=http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9621_11058_53088_53099-96829--,00.html |title=Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement to the 1981 Final Environmental Impact Statement, Proposed US |
East of [[Benton Harbor, Michigan]], the highway is under study due to environmental, economical and historical site issues. A few alternative extensions to this roadway involve connecting directly to [[Interstate 196|I-196]] at [[Interstate 94|I-94]], and another involves connecting it directly to [[Interstate 94 Business (Benton Harbor-St. Joseph, Michigan)|BL I-94]] at I-94 near Benton Harbor with auxiliary lanes to I-196. As per the study, it is scheduled for completion in 2015, when it will connect to I-196,<ref name="mdot2">{{cite web |author= |title=US-31 Connection to I-94 Study |date=June 15, 2004 |work=[[Michigan Department of Transportation]] |url=http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9621_11058_53088_53099---,00.html |accessdate=October 30, 2009 }}</ref> although as of November 2009 no funding has been identified.<ref name=mdot3>{{cite web |author= |title=Five-Year Transportation Program, FY 2010-2014, Preliminary Draft |date=2009-11 |work=Michigan Department of Transportation |url=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MDOT_5_Year_Program_216970_7.pdf |accessdate=December 2, 2009 |page=81 }}</ref> Until the freeway is complete, US 31 follows a stretch of Napier Avenue, which was upgraded in conjunction with the St. Joseph Valley Parkway opening to that point, westward to I-94.<ref name=MDOT10/> The US 31/I-94/I-196 interchange would have to be redone if a connection is completed there as originally planned. The interchange would be changed to a modified [[cloverleaf interchange]]; it is currently a [[Interchange (road)#Trumpet interchange|trumpet interchange]].<ref>{{cite book |chapterurl=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/Section_3_96026_7.0_Alternatives_Considered.pdf |chapter=Section 3.0 Alternatives Considered |url=http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9621_11058_53088_53099-96829--,00.html |title=Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement to the 1981 Final Environmental Impact Statement, Proposed US-31 Freeway Connection to I-94 |publisher=Michigan Department of Transportation |date=April 2004 |at=Figure 3.1, p.3-3}}</ref> |
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==Exit list== |
==Exit list== |
Revision as of 04:35, 31 August 2010
Route information | |
---|---|
Maintained by INDOT & MDOT | |
Length | 56.34 mi[note 1] (90.67 km) |
Major junctions | |
South end | US 20 in Elkhart, IN |
US 31 in South Bend, IN US 20 in South Bend, IN | |
North end | US 31 near Benton Harbor, MI |
Location | |
Country | United States |
States | Indiana, Michigan |
Counties | IN: Elkhart, St. Joseph MI: Berrien |
Highway system | |
|
The St. Joseph Valley Parkway is a freeway in the U.S. states of Michigan[1] and Indiana,[2][3] serving as a bypass route around Niles in Michigan and South Bend, Mishawaka, and Elkhart in Indiana. It lies to the west of Niles, to the west and south of South Bend, and to the south of Elkhart and consists of segments of US 31 and US 20; those two highway designations overlap at the southwestern rim of the South Bend metropolitan area. It runs along the St. Joseph River valley.
Route description
The Parkway begins where US 20 expands to a divided highway southeast of Elkhart. To the east in Indiana the freeway feeds into an undivided segment of US 20 at County Road 17. From there it runs westward along the south sides of Elkhart and Mishawaka. South of South Bend, US 31 joins the Parkway, and then the Parkway turns northward along the west side of South Bend. Along this segment, US 20 turns back west and leaves the Parkway. The Parkway meets the Indiana Toll Road which carries I-80/I-90 before crossing the state line into Michigan.[4] West of Niles, the Parkway meets US 12 and continues northwesterly running west of Berrien Springs. From there it runs northward to end at Napier Avenue east of St. Joseph. The St. Joseph Valley Parkway ends at Napier Avenue, but US 31 continues as a five-lane highway west along Napier to connect with I-94 and the rest of the US 31 routing north of there on I-196.[5]
History
Name
The "St. Joseph Valley Parkway" name was chosen by local chambers of commerce in the Fall of 1992 as the result of a local contest held by a group of local businesses. The name was officially adopted by Michigan in 1993 (dedicated late 1995) and Indiana in 1995 (dedicated in mid-1995).[3][6]
Indiana
The section of the St. Joseph Valley Parkway was completed between US 20 and SR 2. The freeway was extended to SR 23 and construction was started to extend it further to US 31. The freeway was given the BYPASS US 20 designation at this time as well. This extension to US 31 was completed in the mid 1970s. The exit with the Indiana east–west Toll Road/I-80/I-90 was finished in 1979. The BYP US 20 designation was replaced by the US 31 designation in 1982. Construction in the early 1990s extended the freeway in sections from US 31/BUS US 31 to its current end with US 20 at CR 17, with the portion from US 31/BUS US 31 to SR 331/Bremen Highway paved first, by 1991. Ramps from Nimtz Parkway were completed in 1998, and the portion in Elkhart was also named the "Dean R. Mock Expressway" in March 2002.[2][7]
Michigan
A plan to relocate US 31 in Berrien County, Michigan, existed as early as 1952.[8] Planning to extend the South Bend Bypass northward into Michigan as a bypass of Niles began in 1967. A report issued in 1970 detailed four routing corridors, spawning a lawsuit over how Berrien Springs would be bypassed. Construction was to begin in 1975, but the Michigan State Highways Department delayed construction plans in 1972, pushing the start to 1977. The first section was completed in 1979 and ran from the state line north to US 12. From there, US 31 was routed east along US 12 to BUS US 12 and north along BUS US 12 to the former routing of US 31/US 33. Final plans for the routing north to I-94 were approved in 1981. Construction of the Niles Bypass was finished in 1987, bringing the freeway north to Walton Road northwest of Niles. BUS US 31 was created along the former routing in Niles and Walton Road was rebuilt as a state trunkline connection between the northern end of the freeway and the former two-lane routing of US 31. The Berrien Springs Bypass was opened in November 1992 as a four-lane divided expressway. Access from driveways was limited, but crossroads were left as at-grade intersections instead of full interchanges. These intersections were converted to interchanges in 1996-97. Environmental concerns with the original 1981 approved routing of the northern end have delayed completion of the freeway as proposed. The original plan would have routed US 31 to connect directly into the I-196/US 31 interchange on I-94. The concerns over the habitat of the Mitchell's Satyr butterfly[9] meant that this routing would need to be redesigned with a set of bridges to cross the habitat in the Blue Creek Fen. MDOT started studying a new design alternative in 2001 to route the US 31 freeway to connect with I-94 at the BL I-94 interchange just south of the I-196/US 31 interchange. In the interim, MDOT built a 9.1-mile (14.6 km) freeway segment north to Napier Avenue that was opened on August 27, 2003 at a cost of $97 million (equivalent to $161 million today[10]).[11][12]
Future
East of Benton Harbor, Michigan, the highway is under study due to environmental, economical and historical site issues. A few alternative extensions to this roadway involve connecting directly to I-196 at I-94, and another involves connecting it directly to BL I-94 at I-94 near Benton Harbor with auxiliary lanes to I-196. As per the study, it is scheduled for completion in 2015, when it will connect to I-196,[13] although as of November 2009 no funding has been identified.[14] Until the freeway is complete, US 31 follows a stretch of Napier Avenue, which was upgraded in conjunction with the St. Joseph Valley Parkway opening to that point, westward to I-94.[5] The US 31/I-94/I-196 interchange would have to be redone if a connection is completed there as originally planned. The interchange would be changed to a modified cloverleaf interchange; it is currently a trumpet interchange.[15]
Exit list
Milepost numbers reset at the Indiana–Michigan state line crossing. Exits in Indiana are unnumbered and concurrent sections use the US 20 mileposts which increase to the east. Template:MIexittop Template:Jctexitr Template:Jctexitr Template:Jctexitr Template:Jctexitr Template:Jctexitr Template:Jctexitr Template:Jctexitr Template:Jctexitr Template:Jctexitr Template:Jctexitr Template:Jctbridger Template:MIexit Template:MIexit Template:MIexit Template:MIexit Template:MIexit Template:MIexit Template:MIexit Template:MIexit
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
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Footnotes
- ^ Total mileage is a summation of the state mileages.
References
- ^ "Michigan Department of Transportation: All Memorial Highways". Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 8, 2008.
- ^ a b "Memorial Highways and Bridges". Indiana Department of Transportation. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
- ^ a b "Bypass Is Now Parkway". South Bend Tribune. July 26, 1995.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ Indiana Transportation Map (Map). Indiana Department of Transportation. 2009–2010. § A6–A8.
- ^ a b Official Department of Transportation Map (Map). Michigan Department of Transportation. 2010. § M7–N7.
- ^ Barnett, LeRoy (2004). A Drive Down Memory Lane. Wayne State University Press. p. 196. ISBN 1886167249.
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(help) - ^ DeAgostino, Martin (March 21, 2002). "Retiring lawmaker rides road to fame ; Plan to rename parkway, killed in state Senate, is resurrected". South Bend Tribune. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
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(help) - ^ Aiken, Scott (September 1, 2002). "U.S. 31 construction: End of the road in sight". The Herald-Palladium. Retrieved November 25, 2008.
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(help) - ^ Barton, B. J.; Bach, C. E. (2005). "Habitat Use by the Federally Endangered Mitchell's Satyr Butterfly (Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii) in a Michigan Prairie Fen". American Midland Naturalist. 153 (1). Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame: 41–51. ISSN 0003-0031. JSTOR 3566570.
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ignored (help) - ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
- ^ Aiken, Scott (August 23, 2003). "Better late than never: U.S. 31 freeway finally reaches Twin Cities". The Herald-Palladium. Retrieved November 25, 2008.
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(help) - ^ Bessert, Christopher J. (January 1, 2008). "Michigan Highways: US-31 Freeway in Berrien County". Michigan Highways. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
- ^ "US-31 Connection to I-94 Study". Michigan Department of Transportation. June 15, 2004. Retrieved October 30, 2009.
- ^ "Five-Year Transportation Program, FY 2010-2014, Preliminary Draft" (PDF). Michigan Department of Transportation. 2009-11. p. 81. Retrieved December 2, 2009.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ "Section 3.0 Alternatives Considered". Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement to the 1981 Final Environmental Impact Statement, Proposed US-31 Freeway Connection to I-94. Michigan Department of Transportation. April 2004. Figure 3.1, p.3-3.
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