Jake Fuersturm (talk | contribs) m →Original Series films: typos and tweaks |
Jake Fuersturm (talk | contribs) →Depiction: added an image of the child Spock (from the 2009 film) |
||
Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
==Depiction== |
==Depiction== |
||
===Background=== |
===Background=== |
||
[[File:Star Trek-Jacob Kogan-Child Spock.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Jacob Kogan]] as Spock in his childhood, in the 2009 ''[[Star Trek (film)|Star Trek]]'' film]] |
|||
Spock's parents are [[Sarek]] ([[Mark Lenard]]), the Vulcan Ambassador to the Federation, and [[Amanda Grayson]] ([[Jane Wyatt]]), a Human.<ref name="Encyc" /> As shown in the 2009 ''Star Trek'' film, Spock has a difficult childhood, often suffering bullying (both verbal and physical) from his peers due to his mixed heritage. Spock decides to attend [[Starfleet Academy]] and serve as a Starfleet officer, rather than attend the Vulcan Science Academy, contrary to his father's wishes<ref name=StarTrek.com>http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/series/TOS/character/1112508.html</ref> The relationship between Spock and Sarek is strained, often turbulent, although rooted in an underlying respect and carefully restrained love for each other.<ref name="compendium">{{cite book |title=The Star Trek Compendium |first=Alan |last=Asherman |date=1993-05-01 |isbn=978-0671796129 |publisher=Pocket Books |location=New York}}</ref><ref name="tngcompanion">{{cite book |title=Star Trek: The Next Generation Companion |publisher=[[Pocket Books]] |date=2003-01-07 |last=Nemeck |first=Larry |isbn=978-0743457989}}</ref> Prior to the events depicted in ''The Original Series'', Spock served aboard the [[USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)|USS ''Enterprise'']] for eleven years under the command of Captain [[Christopher Pike (Star Trek)|Christopher Pike]]. |
Spock's parents are [[Sarek]] ([[Mark Lenard]]), the Vulcan Ambassador to the Federation, and [[Amanda Grayson]] ([[Jane Wyatt]]), a Human.<ref name="Encyc" /> As shown in the 2009 ''Star Trek'' film, Spock has a difficult childhood, often suffering bullying (both verbal and physical) from his peers due to his mixed heritage. Spock decides to attend [[Starfleet Academy]] and serve as a Starfleet officer, rather than attend the Vulcan Science Academy, contrary to his father's wishes<ref name=StarTrek.com>http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/series/TOS/character/1112508.html</ref> The relationship between Spock and Sarek is strained, often turbulent, although rooted in an underlying respect and carefully restrained love for each other.<ref name="compendium">{{cite book |title=The Star Trek Compendium |first=Alan |last=Asherman |date=1993-05-01 |isbn=978-0671796129 |publisher=Pocket Books |location=New York}}</ref><ref name="tngcompanion">{{cite book |title=Star Trek: The Next Generation Companion |publisher=[[Pocket Books]] |date=2003-01-07 |last=Nemeck |first=Larry |isbn=978-0743457989}}</ref> Prior to the events depicted in ''The Original Series'', Spock served aboard the [[USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)|USS ''Enterprise'']] for eleven years under the command of Captain [[Christopher Pike (Star Trek)|Christopher Pike]]. |
||
Revision as of 14:24, 3 April 2011
Spock | |
---|---|
Portrayed by | Leonard Nimoy Zachary Quinto (2009) |
Spock is a fictional character in the Star Trek media franchise.[1] First portrayed by Leonard Nimoy in the original Star Trek series, Spock also appears in the animated Star Trek series, two episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation, seven of the Star Trek feature films, and numerous Star Trek books, comics, and video games.[1][2] In the 2009 film Star Trek, Nimoy reprised his role alongside Zachary Quinto, who played a younger, alternate-timeline version of the character, with Jacob Kogan playing Spock as a child.[2]
Spock is closely associated with the voyages of the Starship Enterprise, serving as science officer and first officer, and later as commanding officer of the late 23rd- and early 24th Century iterations of the vessel. After retiring from the United Federation of Planets Starfleet, he goes on to serve as a Federation Ambassador, responsible for the détente between the Federation and the Klingon Empire. In his later years he serves as Federation Ambassador to Romulus and becomes involved in the ill-fated attempt to save the Romulan Empire from a rogue supernova.[3]
Spock's mother and father are Human and Vulcan respectively. This mixed heritage, as well being the first Vulcan to serve in Starfleet serves as an important plot element in many of the character's appearances. Along with James T. Kirk and Leonard McCoy he is one of the three central characters in the Original Series episodes and films.
Depiction
Background
Spock's parents are Sarek (Mark Lenard), the Vulcan Ambassador to the Federation, and Amanda Grayson (Jane Wyatt), a Human.[1] As shown in the 2009 Star Trek film, Spock has a difficult childhood, often suffering bullying (both verbal and physical) from his peers due to his mixed heritage. Spock decides to attend Starfleet Academy and serve as a Starfleet officer, rather than attend the Vulcan Science Academy, contrary to his father's wishes[4] The relationship between Spock and Sarek is strained, often turbulent, although rooted in an underlying respect and carefully restrained love for each other.[5][6] Prior to the events depicted in The Original Series, Spock served aboard the USS Enterprise for eleven years under the command of Captain Christopher Pike.
Star Trek: The Original Series
After Pike's promotion to Fleet Captain, Spock continues to serve aboard the Enterprise as science officer and first officer under Captain James T. Kirk.[1] The series depicts a "troika" of Spock, Kirk, and McCoy; while McCoy often acts as Kirk's conscience, Spock offers the captain an emotionally detached, logical perspective.[5] The character also offers an "outsider's" perspective on "the human condition".[5]
Original Series films
At the beginning of Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979), Spock is no longer in Starfleet, having resigned and returned home to pursue the Vulcan discipline of Kolinahr. Spock is unable to complete the Kolinahr ritual after he senses the coming of V'ger, and rejoins Starfleet to aid the Enterprise crew in their mission.[1]
Captain Spock is commanding officer of the Enterprise re-tasked as a training vessel, at the beginning of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982). In the movie Kirk re-assumes command to chase down Khan Noonien Singh (Ricardo Montalbán).[1] At the film's end, Spock transfers his "katra" - the sum of his memories and experience (essentially the Vulcan "soul") — to McCoy, and then sacrifices himself to save the ship and its crew.[1]
Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (1984) focuses on his crewmates' quest to recover Spock's body, resurrected by the Genesis matrix in the previous film. Spock, who rapidly ages to adulthood, is portrayed by Carl Steven, Vadia Potenza, Stephen Manley, Joe W. Davis, and Nimoy. At the film's conclusion, Spock's revived body is reunited with his katra.[1]
Spock is next seen in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986), which depicts Spock recovering from the after-effects of his resurrection, and in the final scene rejoins the crew of the USS Enterprise-A under Kirk's command.[1]
In Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (1989), Spock and the Enterprise-A crew is on a mission to confront the Vulcan renegade Sybok (Laurence Luckinbill). Sybok is later revealed to be Spock's full-Vulcan half-brother, sharing Sarek as their father.[1]
Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991) reunites the Enterprise-A crew on a mission to prevent war from erupting between the Federation and Klingon Empire. Foreshadowing his later career as a Federation ambassador, Spock serves as a special envoy to broker peace with the Klingons after a natural disaster devastates their homeworld. The Undiscovered Country marked Spock's final appearance in the Star Trek films until 2009's Star Trek.
Star Trek: The Next Generation
Spock appears in "Unification Parts" (1991), a two-part episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. Set 75 years after the events of The Undiscovered Country, the episode focuses on Federation Ambassador Spock's attempt to reunite Vulcan with their Romulan brethren.[6] Filming of The Undiscovered Country overlapped with production of this episode.
Star Trek (2009)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Spock_Zachary_Quinto.jpg/170px-Spock_Zachary_Quinto.jpg)
Spock's next appearance in the live action Star Trek franchise is the 2009 Star Trek film. In the film's prologue (set 19 years after the events of Unification, and as depicted in the graphic novel Star Trek: Countdown[3]) the elderly Ambassador Spock (portrayed by Nimoy) promises the Romulans he will use Vulcan technology to save them from a rogue supernova that threatens to destroy their Empire. The mission is only partially successful, and in the aftermath Spock is pursued into the past by Nero (Eric Bana), a Romulan driven mad by the loss of his homeworld and family, setting into motion the events of the film.
In the film's opening act, Nero's ship emerges in the year 2233, and through its interaction with inhabitants of the past, inadvertently results in the creation of an "alternate, parallel 'Star Trek' universe".[7][8] Stranded in the alternate past, the prime version of Spock helps alternate, younger versions of himself (portrayed by Zachary Quinto) and Kirk (Chris Pine) thwart Nero's attempt to destroy the Federation.
The film also features Jacob Kogan in several scenes depicting Spock's childhood, including his abuse at the hands of other Vulcan children due to his half-Human heritage, and his relationship with his parents (portrayed in the film by Ben Cross and Winona Ryder). The film also depicts Kirk and Spock's initial clashes at Starfleet Academy, and the gradual development of their friendship based on shared mutual respect.[7] A major change in characterization from the primary timeline is Spock's relationship with Uhura (Zoe Saldana), his former student. At the end of the film, the young Spock opts to remain in Starfleet, while his elder self continues to reside in the altered universe to aid the few surviving Vulcan refugees.
Development
Spock, as originally described in Gene Roddenberry's 1964 pitch for Star Trek, is described as "probably half Martian, he has a slightly reddish complexion and semi-pointed ears".[9] Early versions had the character ingest energy through a plate in his stomach. Writer Samuel A. Peeples told Roddenberry these attributes made Spock too alien, and suggested "he should at least be half-human and have the problems of both sides",[10] believing the human traits made the character more interesting and able to comment on the human condition more believably. Spock's home planet was changed because Roddenberry thought if the show was a success, humans might actually walk on Mars during the series' run.[11]
In The Making of Star Trek (1968), Roddenberry noted he had been looking for an alien-sounding name, and didn't know until later of Dr. Benjamin Spock, the renowned child psychologist.[12] In the initial, rejected pilot, "The Cage" (1964), Spock is greenish yellow and from the planet Vulcan. Roddenberry cast Nimoy because he knew him from his guest appearance in The Lieutenant, which Roddenberry had created and sold as a pilot; after Roddenberry saw Nimoy's thin face and sharp features, no other actors were considered.[13] Had Nimoy turned down the role, Roddenberry would have approached Martin Landau.[14] In a 1980s interview, DeForest Kelley stated Roddenberry offered him the role of Spock before production began on "The Cage".[15]
NBC was concerned about Spock's satanic appearance, and asked for the character to be dropped; according to Oscar Katz, NBC was worried "the 'guy with the ears' would scare the shit out of every kid in America".[11] Publicity shots of the character were airbrushed so Spock had normal eyebrows and round ears. With Katz's help, Roddenberry won the battle with NBC.[11]
Spock did not originally have the logical manner which would become associated with the character, this instead being a trait of the character Number One (Majel Barrett). However, Number One was dropped in developing the second pilot, "Where No Man Has Gone Before" (1966). This episode presents a more fully formed Spock, with his trademark logic.[16] Nimoy liked the character's newly logical nature, observing the character is "struggling to maintain a Vulcan attitude, a Vulcan philosophical posture and a Vulcan logic, opposing what was fighting him internally, which was human emotion".[17] Spock's behavior has been described as representing, in part, a type of normative judgment.[18] Spock's Vulcan salute references a sacred hand position used by the ancient Jewish priestly class. Desilu vice president Herbert Solow believes Nimoy was the key contributor to the character's depiction.[19]
The "pointy ears" worn by actor Nimoy while portraying Spock are a form of facial prosthesis, mainly composed from molded and painted syntactic foam.[20] The foam was created by filling a ceramic matrix with hollow particles called microballoons, which result in a low density prosthesis with easy wearability. However, the process of ungluing the ears was painful for Nimoy, and meant he had to stay behind for half an hour each day after filming while the glued pieces were removed.[21] Throughout the character's television and movie appearances, the shape of Spock's ears have varied, due in part to the different makeup artists applying them.[22]
Death in The Wrath of Khan
Leonard Nimoy had not intended to join the cast of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, but was enticed back on the promise that his character would be given a dramatic death scene.[23] Nimoy reasoned that since The Wrath of Khan would be the final Star Trek film, having Spock "go out in a blaze of glory" seemed like a good way to end the character.[24] In an earlier draft of the script, Spock had died in the first act in a shocking demise that the movie's producer Harve Bennett compared to Janet Leigh's early death in Psycho.[25] However that script had been leaked, and the fan response was overwhelmingly negative, especially among the hard core "Trekkies". Some fans even went so far as to issue death threats against Leonard Nimoy's family. According to Bennett:
For some reason fans got the impression that he [Nimoy] wanted Spock dead. He'd written a book "I Am Not Spock," and that gave people the idea. Anyway, when a fringe group of Trekkies learned that we were going to kill the Spock character, it was like we'd taken a child of theirs onto the Brooklyn Bridge with the intention of throwing it off. And their reaction was, "let's get Leonard."[26]
By April 1981 a revised script was completed that moved the character's death into the movie's final act.[27][28] Spock's death scene was shot over three days, during which no visitors were allowed on set.[28] The death was intended to be irrevocable, but Nimoy had such a positive experience during filming that he asked if he could add a way for Spock to return in a later film. The scene showing Spock's mind meld with McCoy was filmed without actor DeForest Kelley's prior knowledge of what was going on.[29] Test audience reaction to Spock's death and the film's ending (the tone of which was dark and final) was poor,[24] so Bennett made it more uplifting by adding the final scene revealing Spock's casket on the Genesis planet and Nimoy's closing "These are the voyages" monologue. Director Nicholas Meyer objected, but did not stand in the way of the changes,[30] and even Nimoy did not know about the new scene until he viewed the film.[31]
While film critic Roger Ebert and TV Guide felt that Spock's death was dramatic and well-handled,[32][33] The Washington Post's Gary Arnold stated Spock's death "feels like an unnecessary twist, and the filmmakers are obviously well-prepared to fudge in case the public demands another sequel."[34]
Recasting
Zachary Quinto was cast in the role of a young alternate-timeline Spock for the 2009 Star Trek film, directed by J. J. Abrams.[35][36] Quinto mentioned he heard about the new film and revealed his interest in the role in a December 2006 interview with the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: the article was widely circulated and he attracted Abrams' interest.[37] Quinto expressed interest in the role because of the duality of Spock's half-human, half Vulcan heritage,[38] and how the character "is constantly exploring that notion of how to evolve in a responsible way and how to evolve in a respectful way. I think those are all things that we as a society, and certainly the world, could implement."[39] Nimoy befriended Quinto after being cast in the role. Although Quinto watched some episodes of the show during breaks in filming, Nimoy was his main resource in playing Spock.[40]
Reception
TV Guide named Spock one of the 50 greatest TV characters.[41][42] According to Shatner, much of Star Trek's acting praise and media interest went to Nimoy.[43] The Boston Globe described Quinto's performance as "something special", and Nimoy's appearance in the 2009 film "carries much more emotion than you'd expect".[44] Slate.com said Quinto played Spock "with a few degrees more chill" than Nimoy brought to the original character.[45] Entertainment Weekly argued many viewers found Spock sexy in the series and the 2009 film, and Nimoy's Spock was the beginning of "geek chic".[46]
Cultural impact
Appropriately weighty principles guide our course. First, we recognize that police power draws from the credo that "the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few." Second, while this maxim rings utilitarian and Dickensian (not to mention Vulcan), it is cabined by something contrarian and Texan: distrust of intrusive government and a belief that police power is justified only by urgency, not expediency.
See STAR TREK II: THE WRATH OF KHAN (Paramount Pictures 1982). The film references several works of classic literature, none more prominently than A Tale of Two Cities. Spock gives Admiral Kirk an antique copy as a birthday present, and the film itself is bookended with the book's opening and closing passages. Most memorable, of course, is Spock's famous line from his moment of sacrifice: "Don't grieve, Admiral. It is logical. The needs of the many outweigh . . ." to which Kirk replies, "the needs of the few."
Supreme Court of Texas[47]
By the late 1960s, NASA personnel en masse wholeheartedly embraced Mr. Spock as one of their own. Leonard Nimoy was invited to be guest of honor at the March 1967 National Space Club dinner, and to take an extensive tour of the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD. The actor concluded from the warm and intense reception he received that astronauts like John Glenn and aerospace industry engineers, secretaries, and shareholders alike all regarded Star Trek, and especially the character of Mr. Spock, as a "dramatization of the future of their space program".[9]
Spock has been mentioned or lampooned in pop culture many times, including music, film, television, and politics. Composer/keyboardist George Duke's 1976 Solo Keyboard Album features two tracks which pay homage to Spock: "Spock Gets Funky" and "Vulcan Mind Probe". Rock guitarist Paul Gilbert wrote the song "Mr. Spock" on his Space Ship One album.
Swedish synthpop band S.P.O.C.K (Founded as Mr Spock, but changed to Star Pilot On Channel K due to licencing issues with Paramount Pictures.) makes music heavily influenced by the Star Trek universe.
According to comic book writer and editor Bob Budiansky, the Transformers character Shockwave was inspired by Spock.[48]
Leonard Nimoy, assuming the Spock character, recorded a number of novelty songs, the first being a song called "Highly Illogical" in which Spock pointed out the foibles of human thought, such as relationships, automobiles, and greed. The second song, "A Visit to a Sad Planet," was darker in tone and told the story of Spock visiting Earth in the future and discovering it had been ruined by war, violence, and environmental irresponsibility.
Spock's statement in The Wrath of Khan that "the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few" has become known as the "Spock principle",[49] and has even been cited in legal decisions.
After the release of the 2009 Star Trek film, Spock was compared with U.S. President Barack Obama by several media outlets.[50] Maureen Dowd noted "Mr. Obama has a bit of Mr. Spock in him (and not just the funny ears). He has a Vulcan-like logic and detachment."[51] Newsweek's Steve Daly said "Spock's cool, analytical nature feels more fascinating and topical than ever now that we've put a sort of Vulcan in the White House," and noted the similarity between Spock and President Obama both being the product of mixed-race marriages.[52] Obama was apparently nicknamed "Spock" by British officials at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office: "Almost everyone felt a little unloved by Obama. Not for nothing was his nickname 'Spock'".[53]
Facial hair
The Star Trek episode "Mirror, Mirror" features a parallel universe in which the alternate Spock - his "evil twin" - has a goatee.[54] The band Spock's Beard took their name from Spock's appearance in "Mirror, Mirror".[55] A 2009 episode of The Colbert Report features Stephen Colbert and congressman Dan Maffei, a Star Trek fan, wearing fake goatees and pretending to be evil versions of themselves.[56]
Fan productions
In addition to television, feature films, books, and parodies, Spock has also been portrayed in fan fiction. Since 2004, the online fan production Star Trek: Phase II (originally called Star Trek: New Voyages) has continued the further voyages of the cancelled initial series. The fan-series' creators feel "Kirk, Spock, McCoy and the rest should be treated as 'classic' characters like Willy Loman from Death of a Salesman, Gandalf from Lord of the Rings or even Hamlet, Othello or Romeo. Many actors have and can play the roles, each offering a different interpretation of said character."[57]
Spock was portrayed by Jeffrey Quinn for the first three episodes of Star Trek: Phase II. Brandon Stacy, who succeeded Jeffrey Quinn and Ben Tolpin in portraying Spock, also served as a stand-in for Zachary Quinto in the 2009 Star Trek film.[58]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Okuda, Mike and Denise Okuda, with Debbie Mirek (1999). The Star Trek Encyclopedia. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-53609-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Weeks, Adam (2007-07-25). "Zachary Quinto Is Spock". Moviehole.net.
- ^ a b Mike Johnson and Tim Jones (writers), David Messina (artist) (2009). Star Trek: Countdown. IDW Publishing. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-60010-420-6.
- ^ http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/series/TOS/character/1112508.html
- ^ a b c Asherman, Alan (1993-05-01). The Star Trek Compendium. New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0671796129.
- ^ a b Nemeck, Larry (2003-01-07). Star Trek: The Next Generation Companion. Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0743457989.
- ^ a b Burr, Ty (2009-05-05). "Star Trek". The Boston Globe. p. 1. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
- ^ Jensen, Jeff. "'Star Trek': New Movie, New Vision". Entertainment Weekly. p. 4. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
- ^ a b Whitfield, Stephen E. (1968). The Making of Star Trek. Ballantine Books. ISBN 9780345276384.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - ^ (Dillard 1994, p. 6)
- ^ a b c (Alexander 1988, pp. 230–231)
- ^ Whitfield, Stephen E. (1968). The Making of Star Trek. Ballantine Books. p. 236. ISBN 9780345276384.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - ^ Alexander, 227–228.
- ^ (Dillard 1994, p. 10)
- ^ Asherman, Allan (1988). The Star Trek Interview Book. Pocket Books. p. 43. ISBN 067161794X.
- ^ (Dillard 1994, p. 13)
- ^ (Dillard 1994, p. 15)
- ^ de Marneffe, Peter (2003). "An Objection to Attitudinal Hedonism". Philosophical Studies. 115 (2). Springer Netherlands: 197–200. doi:10.1023/A:1025030803776.
{{cite journal}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - ^ "Star Trek's ex-chief movie praise". BBC. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
The Mr Spock character was 20% created by Gene Roddenberry, 20% created by me and 60% created by Leonard Nimoy
- ^ Hickman, Martin (2002-11-18). "It's the final frontier as Mr Spock's ears are put on sale for £2, 000". The Independent. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- ^ "Robert H. Justman - Spock's ears". BBC. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- ^ Okuda, text commentary for Star Trek VI.
- ^ Rioux, 243.
- ^ a b The Making of Star Trek 2: The Wrath of Khan, by Allan Asherman, Pocket Books, 1982.
- ^ Dillard, 77.
- ^ Anderson, Nancy (July 4, 1982). "Trekkies wrath worse than Khan's". The Evening News. Copley News Service. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
- ^ Robinson, Ben (editor) (2002). "Special 'The Wrath of Khan' Issue". Star Trek: The Magazine. 3 (5). Fabbri Publishing.
{{cite journal}}
:|author=
has generic name (help); Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - ^ a b Meyer, Nicholas (August 6, 2002). Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, The Directors Edition: Audio commentary (DVD; Disc 1/2). Paramount Pictures.
- ^ Rioux, 248.
- ^ Rioux, 249.
- ^ Boucher, Geoff. "Leonard Nimoy riffs on William Shatner, George Lucas and ... Jimi Hendrix?" Los Angeles Times, June 12, 2010.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (January 1, 1982). "Review: Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
- ^ Staff. "Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan Review". TV Guide. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
- ^ Arnold, Gary (June 4, 1982). "Cashing in on the Spock market; 'Star Trek II' shows little enterprise". The Washington Post. p. D1.
- ^ Owen, Rob (2007-07-24). "Pittsburgh native to play Spock in new "Star Trek"". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
- ^ Pascale, Anthony (2007-07-26). "Abrams Confirms Zachary Quinto and Leonard Nimoy". Trekmovie.com.
- ^ Anthony Pascale (2009-05-05). "Interview with Zachary Quinto". TrekMovie.com. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ Jeff Jensen (2008-10-24). "'Star Trek': New Movie, New Vision". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
- ^ Anthony Pascale (2008-04-14). "Grand Slam XVI: Two Spocks Rock The House". TrekMovie.com. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
- ^ "WonderCon 09: Star Trek Panel Detailed Report & Pictures". TrekMovie.com. 2009-02-28. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Leonard Nimoy". Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- ^ "Spock". Top 50 TV Characters. UGO. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- ^ Shatner, William (2008). Up Till Now: The Autobiography. Macmillan. ISBN 9780312372651.
- ^ Burr, Ty (2009-05-05). "Star Trek". The Boston Globe. p. 2. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
- ^ Stevens, Dana (2009-05-06). "Go See Star Trek". Slate.com. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ Owen Gleiberman (2009-05-09). "Why Spock rocks". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
- ^ Robinson v. Crown Cork & Seal, Supreme Court of Texas No. 06-0714 (2008). supreme.courts.state.tx.us. Retrieved April 2, 2011
- ^ http://rustingcarcass.yuku.com/topic/954/t/Bob-Budiansky.html
- ^ Clawson, Jeff J. (2000). Principles of emergency medical dispatch (3rd ed.). Priority Press. p. 450. ISBN 0965889025.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ Obama is Spock: It's quite logical
- ^ Spock at the Bridge
- ^ We're All Trekkies Now
- ^ Andrew Sparrow (23 December 2010). "Thirty new facts about Gordon Brown from Anthony Seldon's book". Politics Blog. The Guardian. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
- ^ "Top 40 Reasons Why We Love Star Trek". Retrieved 2009-04-13.
- ^ "Where Did the Name "Spock's Beard" Come From, Anyway?". Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- ^ "Better Know a District - New York's 25th - Dan Maffei". The Colbert Report. Season 5. April 7, 2009. Comedy Central.
{{cite episode}}
: Unknown parameter|episodelink=
ignored (|episode-link=
suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|serieslink=
ignored (|series-link=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Star Trek: Phase II About".
- ^ Pascale, Anthony (2008-11-18). "FanMade: Phase II Announces "Blood and Fire" Release + Casts a New Spock". Trekmovie.com. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
References
- Rioux, Terry Lee (2005). From Sawdust to Stardust: The Biography of DeForest Kelley. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-7434-5762-5.
- Dillard, J. M. (1994). Star Trek: "Where No Man Has Gone Before" — A History in Pictures. Pocket Books. ISBN 0671511491.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Asherman, Allan (1988). The Star Trek Interview Book. Pocket Books. ISBN 067161794X.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)