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{{TAFI}} |
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{{Infobox former country |
{{Infobox former country |
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|native_name = ''Las Antillas Occidentales''<br />''Antillas Españolas'' |
|native_name = ''Las Antillas Occidentales''<br />''Antillas Españolas'' |
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The '''Spanish West Indies''' (also known as "'''Las Antillas Occidentales'''" or simply "'''Antillas Españolas'''" in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]) was the |
The '''Spanish West Indies''' (also known as "'''Las Antillas Occidentales'''" or simply "'''Antillas Españolas'''" in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]) was the former name of the Spanish colonies in the [[Caribbean]]. It became a territory of the [[Viceroyalty of New Spain]] when the viceroyalty was created in 1535. |
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It consisted of the present day nations of [[Cuba]], [[Haiti]], the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Saint Martin]], the [[Virgin Islands]], [[Anguilla]], [[Montserrat]], [[Guadeloupe|Guadalupe]] and the [[Lesser Antilles]], [[Jamaica]], the [[Cayman Islands]], [[Trinidad]], and the [[Bay Islands (department)|Bay Islands]]. |
It consisted of the present day nations of [[Cuba]], [[Haiti]], the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Saint Martin]], the [[Virgin Islands]], [[Anguilla]], [[Montserrat]], [[Guadeloupe|Guadalupe]] and the [[Lesser Antilles]], [[Jamaica]], the [[Cayman Islands]], [[Trinidad]], and the [[Bay Islands (department)|Bay Islands]]. |
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The islands that later became the Spanish West Indies were the focus of the voyages of [[Christopher Columbus]] in America. Largely due to the familiarity that Europeans gained from Columbus's voyages, the islands were also the first lands to be permanently colonized by Europeans in the Americas. The Spanish West Indies were also the most enduring part of Spain's American Empire, only being surrendered in 1898 at the end of the [[Spanish–American War]]. For over three centuries, Spain controlled a network of ports in the Caribbean including [[Havana]] (Cuba), [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]] (Puerto Rico), [[Cartagena de Indias]] (Colombia), and [[Veracruz]] (Mexico) which were connected by galleon routes. |
The islands that later became the Spanish West Indies were the focus of the voyages of [[Christopher Columbus]] in America. Largely due to the familiarity that Europeans gained from Columbus's voyages, the islands were also the first lands to be permanently colonized by Europeans in the Americas. The Spanish West Indies were also the most enduring part of Spain's American Empire, only being surrendered in 1898 at the end of the [[Spanish–American War]]. For over three centuries, Spain controlled a network of ports in the Caribbean including [[Havana]] (Cuba), [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]] (Puerto Rico), [[Cartagena de Indias]] (Colombia), and [[Veracruz]] (Mexico) which were connected by galleon routes. |
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Some smaller islands were ceded to other European powers as a result of war, or diplomatic agreements during the 17th and 18th centuries. Others such as |
Some smaller islands were ceded to other European powers as a result of war, or diplomatic agreements during the 17th and 18th centuries. Others such as Dominican Republic gained their independence in the 19th century. |
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== Change of sovereignty or independence == |
== Change of sovereignty or independence == |
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== Spanish Caribbean == |
== Spanish Caribbean == |
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[[File:Confederacion antillana.png|thumb|left|250px|Location of the Spanish Caribbean]] |
[[File:Confederacion antillana.png|thumb|left|250px|Location of the Spanish Caribbean]] |
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The '''Spanish Caribbean''' or '''Hispanophone Caribbean''', refers to the [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking areas in the [[Caribbean Sea]], namely [[Cuba]], [[Dominican Republic]], and [[Puerto Rico]].<ref>http:// |
The '''Spanish Caribbean''' or '''Hispanophone Caribbean''', refers to the [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking areas in the [[Caribbean Sea]], namely [[Cuba]], [[Dominican Republic]], and [[Puerto Rico]].<ref name="Romaine2013">{{cite book|last=Romaine|first=Suzanne|editor= Strazny, Philipp|title=Encyclopedia of Linguistics|chapter= Carribean|chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=27JOMobauYAC&pg=PA176|year=2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|location=New York|isbn=978-1-135-45522-4|page=176}}</ref> It includes regions where Spanish is the main language, and where a history of [[Spanish colonization|Spanish settlement and colonization]] influences culture, through religion, language, cuisine, and so on. |
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The term is used in contrast to [[Anglophone Caribbean]] and [[French Caribbean]], two other cultural areas which refer to colonial heritage and language. The phrase, thus, excludes countries such as [[Jamaica]], [[Haiti]], and the [[Lesser Antilles]]. The Hispanophone Caribbean is a part of the wider [[Hispanic America]], which includes all the Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas. |
The term is used in contrast to [[Anglophone Caribbean]] and [[French Caribbean]], two other cultural areas which refer to colonial heritage and language. The phrase, thus, excludes countries such as [[Jamaica]], [[Haiti]], and the [[Lesser Antilles]]. The Hispanophone Caribbean is a part of the wider [[Hispanic America]], which includes all the Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas. |
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== Islands == |
== Islands == |
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The following is a list of islands belonging geographically to the [[Greater Antilles|Greater]] and |
The following is a list of islands belonging geographically to the [[Greater Antilles|Greater]] and Lesser Antilles and that were under Spanish rule in various stages of history, until it became independent from Spain. Several islands which were previously largely under Spanish rule, but since they were passed into the domain of France, England or the Netherlands, are no longer considered part of the Spanish Caribbean. |
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{| class="wikitable" class="sortable wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" class="sortable wikitable" |
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|+ West Indian islands that were under Spanish rule |
|+ West Indian islands that were under Spanish rule |
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| {{flag|Puerto Rico|local}} || Isla de Puerto Rico — [[Culebra (Puerto Rico)|Culebra]] — [[Vieques]] — [[Isla de Mona|Mona]] — [[Monito]] — [[Desecheo]] — [[Caja de Muertos]] — [[Isla de Cabras]] — [[Cayo Batata]] — [[Isla Cardona]] — [[Cayos de Caña Gorda]] — [[Culebrita]] — [[Icacos]] — [[Cayo Luis Peña]] — [[Isla Magueyes]] — [[Cayo Norte]] — [[Isla Palominos (Puerto Rico)|Isla Palominos]] — [[Isla de Ratones (Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico)|Isla de Ratones]] — [[Isleta de San Juan]] — [[Cayo Santiago]] — [[Spanish Virgin Islands]]|| [[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]] of the [[United States]], independent from Spain since 1898. |
| {{flag|Puerto Rico|local}} || Isla de Puerto Rico — [[Culebra (Puerto Rico)|Culebra]] — [[Vieques]] — [[Isla de Mona|Mona]] — [[Monito]] — [[Desecheo]] — [[Caja de Muertos]] — [[Isla de Cabras]] — [[Cayo Batata]] — [[Isla Cardona]] — [[Cayos de Caña Gorda]] — [[Culebrita]] — [[Icacos]] — [[Cayo Luis Peña]] — [[Isla Magueyes]] — [[Cayo Norte]] — [[Isla Palominos (Puerto Rico)|Isla Palominos]] — [[Isla de Ratones (Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico)|Isla de Ratones]] — [[Isleta de San Juan]] — [[Cayo Santiago]] — [[Spanish Virgin Islands]]|| [[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]] of the [[United States]], independent from Spain since 1898. |
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| {{flag|Venezuela|local}} || [[Isla de Margarita]] — [[Isla de Coche|Coche]] — [[Isla de Cubagua|Cubagua]] <small>(form the state of [[Nueva Esparta]])</small> [[Los Monjes Archipelago|Los Monjes]] — [[Las Aves archipelago|Las Aves]] — [[Archipiélago Los Roques|Los Roques]] <small>([[Gran Roque]], [[Cayos Francisquí|Francisquí]], [[Cayo Lanquí|Isla Larga]], [[Cayo Nordisquí|Nordisquí]], [[Madrisquí]], [[Cayo Crasquí|Crasquí]], [[Cayo Espenquí]], [[Cayo Carenero]], [[Cayo de Agua]], [[Dos Mosquises]], [[Cayo Sal]], [[Cayo Grande]])</small> — [[Los Hermanos Archipelago|Los Hermanos]] — [[Islas Los Frailes|Los Frailes]] — [[Isla de Aves|Aves]] — [[La Sola Island|La Sola]] — [[La Tortuga Island|La Tortuga]] <small>([[Cayo Herradura]] — [[Islas Los Tortuguillos]])</small> — [[La Orchila]] — [[Blanquilla Island|La Blanquilla]] — [[Los Testigos Islands|Los Testigos]] — [[Isla de Patos|Patos]] <small>(ceded from British Trinidad in 1942,<ref>González |
| {{flag|Venezuela|local}} || [[Isla de Margarita]] — [[Isla de Coche|Coche]] — [[Isla de Cubagua|Cubagua]] <small>(form the state of [[Nueva Esparta]])</small> [[Los Monjes Archipelago|Los Monjes]] — [[Las Aves archipelago|Las Aves]] — [[Archipiélago Los Roques|Los Roques]] <small>([[Gran Roque]], [[Cayos Francisquí|Francisquí]], [[Cayo Lanquí|Isla Larga]], [[Cayo Nordisquí|Nordisquí]], [[Madrisquí]], [[Cayo Crasquí|Crasquí]], [[Cayo Espenquí]], [[Cayo Carenero]], [[Cayo de Agua]], [[Dos Mosquises]], [[Cayo Sal]], [[Cayo Grande]])</small> — [[Los Hermanos Archipelago|Los Hermanos]] — [[Islas Los Frailes|Los Frailes]] — [[Isla de Aves|Aves]] — [[La Sola Island|La Sola]] — [[La Tortuga Island|La Tortuga]] <small>([[Cayo Herradura]] — [[Islas Los Tortuguillos]])</small> — [[La Orchila]] — [[Blanquilla Island|La Blanquilla]] — [[Los Testigos Islands|Los Testigos]] — [[Isla de Patos|Patos]] <small>(ceded from British Trinidad in 1942,<ref name="GonzálezRíos1989">{{cite book|last1=González|first1=Hermann|last2=Donis Ríos|first2=Manuel Alberto|title=Historia de las fronteras de Venezuela|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3VpsAAAAMAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Lagoven|location=Caracas|page=}}</ref> form the [[Federal Dependencies of Venezuela]])</small>|| Independent republic from Spain since 1811, recognized by Spain in 1845. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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* [[British West Indies]] |
* [[British West Indies]] |
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* [[Danish West Indies]] |
* [[Danish West Indies]] |
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* [[Antillean Confederation]] |
* [[Antillean Confederation]] |
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* [[Population history of American indigenous peoples]] |
* [[Population history of American indigenous peoples]] |
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{{div col end}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* |
*{{en icon}} {{es}} [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4393/ "Method of Securing the Ports and Populations of All the Coasts of the Indies"] was written in 1694 and discusses the Spanish West Indies |
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{{Caribbean topics}} |
{{Caribbean topics}} |
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{{coord missing}} |
{{coord missing}} |
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[[Category:Spanish West Indies |
[[Category:Spanish West Indies]] |
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[[Category:Colonial government in the West Indies]] |
[[Category:Colonial government in the West Indies]] |
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[[Category:Spanish Caribbean]] |
[[Category:Spanish Caribbean]] |