unsourced Tag: Undo |
m Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 12 templates: del empty params (4×); hyphenate params (11×); del |ref=harv (2×); Tag: AWB |
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| iso3166code = omit |
| iso3166code = omit |
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|stat_year1 = 1963 |
|stat_year1 = 1963 |
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|stat_pop1 = 2,180,355<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sierra-leone.org/Census/ssl_final_results.pdf|format=PDF|title=FINAL RESULTS 2004 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS|website=Sierra-leone.org| |
|stat_pop1 = 2,180,355<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sierra-leone.org/Census/ssl_final_results.pdf|format=PDF|title=FINAL RESULTS 2004 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS|website=Sierra-leone.org|access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> |
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|stat_year2 = 1965 |
|stat_year2 = 1965 |
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|stat_pop2 = 2,473,294<ref name="Worldometers">{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone Population|url=http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sierra-leone-population/|website=Worldometers| |
|stat_pop2 = 2,473,294<ref name="Worldometers">{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone Population|url=http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/sierra-leone-population/|website=Worldometers|access-date=3 January 2018}}</ref> |
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|stat_year3 = 1970 |
|stat_year3 = 1970 |
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|stat_pop3 = 2,692,259<ref name="Worldometers" /> |
|stat_pop3 = 2,692,259<ref name="Worldometers" /> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Sierra Leone''' was a [[sovereign state]] with [[Queen Elizabeth II]] as its [[head of state]] between independence on 27 April 1961 and becoming the [[Republic of Sierra Leone]] on 19 April 1971.<ref name="WorldStatesmen">{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Sierra_Leone.html|website=WorldStatesmen.org| |
'''Sierra Leone''' was a [[sovereign state]] with [[Queen Elizabeth II]] as its [[head of state]] between independence on 27 April 1961 and becoming the [[Republic of Sierra Leone]] on 19 April 1971.<ref name="WorldStatesmen">{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Sierra_Leone.html|website=WorldStatesmen.org|access-date=19 November 2017}}</ref> |
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When British rule ended in April 1961, the [[British Crown Colony of Sierra Leone]] was given independence under the Sierra Leone Independence Act 1961.<ref name="LegislationGovUK">{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone Independence Act 1961|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/9-10/16|website=Legislation.gov.uk| |
When British rule ended in April 1961, the [[British Crown Colony of Sierra Leone]] was given independence under the Sierra Leone Independence Act 1961.<ref name="LegislationGovUK">{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone Independence Act 1961|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/9-10/16|website=Legislation.gov.uk|access-date=19 November 2017}}</ref> [[Elizabeth II]], remained the head of state of Sierra Leone<ref name="SierraLeoneHeads">{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone Heads|url=http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Sierra_Leone_Heads.htm|website=Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership|access-date=20 November 2017}}</ref> and was represented in Sierra Leone by a [[Governor-General]].{{sfn|Kargbo|2006|p=70}} Sierra Leone [[States headed by Elizabeth II|shared the Sovereign with other countries]], including the [[United Kingdom]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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==Transition to a Republic== |
==Transition to a Republic== |
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[[File:Flag of the Governor-General of Sierra Leone (1961-1971).svg|thumb|Standard of the Governor-General of Sierra Leone, 1961–1971]] |
[[File:Flag of the Governor-General of Sierra Leone (1961-1971).svg|thumb|Standard of the Governor-General of Sierra Leone, 1961–1971]] |
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Elizabeth II visited Sierra Leone from 25 November to 1 December 1961, shortly after independence.<ref name="BritishPathé">{{cite web|title=Commonwealth Tours: 1960s|url=https://www.britishpathe.com/workspaces/jhoyle/Commonwealth-Tours-1960s|website=British Pathé| |
Elizabeth II visited Sierra Leone from 25 November to 1 December 1961, shortly after independence.<ref name="BritishPathé">{{cite web|title=Commonwealth Tours: 1960s|url=https://www.britishpathe.com/workspaces/jhoyle/Commonwealth-Tours-1960s|website=British Pathé|access-date=20 November 2017}}</ref> |
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Sierra Leone became a [[Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations|republic within the Commonwealth]] on the promulgation of the 1971 constitution and Prime Minister Siaka Stevens became the first [[President of Sierra Leone]].<ref name="TheCommonwealth">{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone|url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/sierra-leone|website=The Commonwealth| |
Sierra Leone became a [[Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations|republic within the Commonwealth]] on the promulgation of the 1971 constitution and Prime Minister Siaka Stevens became the first [[President of Sierra Leone]].<ref name="TheCommonwealth">{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone|url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/sierra-leone|website=The Commonwealth|access-date=20 November 2017}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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=== Bibliography === |
=== Bibliography === |
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*{{cite book|last1=Kargbo|first1=Michael S.|title=British Foreign Policy and the Conflict in Sierra Leone, 1991–2001|date=2006|publisher=Peter Lang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tfW5ACrYksQC&pg=PA70|website=Google Books|pages=70| |
*{{cite book|last1=Kargbo|first1=Michael S.|title=British Foreign Policy and the Conflict in Sierra Leone, 1991–2001|date=2006|publisher=Peter Lang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tfW5ACrYksQC&pg=PA70|website=Google Books|pages=70|access-date=19 November 2017}} |
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*{{Cite book|last=Fyle|first=Magbaily C.|title=Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone|date=2006|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8108-5339-3|pages=XVII–XXII |
*{{Cite book|last=Fyle|first=Magbaily C.|title=Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone|date=2006|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8108-5339-3|pages=XVII–XXII|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000fyle}} |
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=== Notes === |
=== Notes === |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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*{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1961/mar/27/sierra-leone-independence-bill |title=SIERRA LEONE INDEPENDENCE BILL (Hansard, 27 March 1961) |website=Hansard.millbanksystems.com |date |
*{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1961/mar/27/sierra-leone-independence-bill |title=SIERRA LEONE INDEPENDENCE BILL (Hansard, 27 March 1961) |website=Hansard.millbanksystems.com |access-date=2017-01-26}} |
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*{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1962/jan/30/sierra-leone-gift-of-a-mace |title=SIERRA LEONE (GIFT OF A MACE) (Hansard, 30 January 1962) |website=Hansard.millbanksystems.com |date |
*{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1962/jan/30/sierra-leone-gift-of-a-mace |title=SIERRA LEONE (GIFT OF A MACE) (Hansard, 30 January 1962) |website=Hansard.millbanksystems.com |access-date=2017-01-26}} |
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*{{cite web |
*{{cite web|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/debates/?id=1961-03-22a.391.0 |title=Orders of the Day — Sierra Leone Independence Bill: 22 Mar 1961: House of Commons debates |publisher=TheyWorkForYou |access-date=2017-01-26}} |
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{{Commonwealth realms}} |
{{Commonwealth realms}} |
Revision as of 18:20, 14 December 2020
Sierra Leone | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1961–1971 | |||||||||
Motto: Unity, Freedom, Justice | |||||||||
Anthem: High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free | |||||||||
Capital | Freetown | ||||||||
Government | Constitutional monarchy | ||||||||
Queen | |||||||||
• 1961–1971 | Elizabeth II | ||||||||
Governor-General | |||||||||
• 1961–1971 | See list | ||||||||
Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1961–1971 | See list | ||||||||
Historical era | Decolonisation of Africa | ||||||||
• Independence | 27 April 1961 | ||||||||
• Republic | 19 April 1971 | ||||||||
Population | |||||||||
• 1963 | 2,180,355[1] | ||||||||
• 1965 | 2,473,294[2] | ||||||||
• 1970 | 2,692,259[2] | ||||||||
Currency | British West African pound (until 1964) Leone (after 1964) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | Sierra Leone |
Sierra Leone was a sovereign state with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state between independence on 27 April 1961 and becoming the Republic of Sierra Leone on 19 April 1971.[3]
When British rule ended in April 1961, the British Crown Colony of Sierra Leone was given independence under the Sierra Leone Independence Act 1961.[4] Elizabeth II, remained the head of state of Sierra Leone[5] and was represented in Sierra Leone by a Governor-General.[6] Sierra Leone shared the Sovereign with other countries, including the United Kingdom.
History
On 27 April 1961 Sierra Leone gained independence.[7]
In 1962 general elections were won by the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). The All People's Congress (APC) emerged as the most organised opposition.[7]
In March 1964 Njala University opened. On April 28 1964 Prime Minister Milton Margai died. His brother, Albert Margai, was appointed as new prime minister. On August 4 1964 Sierra Leone currency, the Sierra Leonean leone, was established.[8]
In 1967 general elections were held in Sierra Leone. The APC won by a narrow margin. Brigadier John Lansana, head of the military, seized control of government immediately after swearing in of the new APC prime minister, Siaka Stevens. Lansana was ousted a few days later by junior military officers who invite Andrew Juxon-Smith, a senior officer on leave, to return and head a provisional government, the National Reformation Council (NRC).[8]
In 1968 NRC was overthrown by warrant officers of the army. John Bangura, a formerly dismissed senior officer, invited to head the army. Bangura turned over government to the APC, led by Siaka Stevens.[8]
In 1969 University of Sierra Leone was set up, comprising Fourah Bay College and Njala University.[8]
On 19 April 1971 Sierra Leone became a republic with Siaka Stevens as executive president.[8]
Governors-General
The Governors-General of Sierra Leone were:[3]
- Sir Maurice Henry Dorman (27 April 1961 – 27 April 1962)
- Sir Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston (27 April 1962 – April 1967)
- Andrew Juxon-Smith (April 1967 – 18 April 1968) (acting)
- John Amadu Bangura (18–22 April 1968) (acting)
- Sir Banja Tejan-Sie (22 April 1968 – 31 March 1971)
- Christopher Okoro Cole (31 March – 19 April 1971) (interim)
Prime Ministers
The Prime Ministers (and heads of government) of Sierra Leone during this period were:[3]
- Milton Margai (27 April 1961 – 30 April 1964)
- Albert Margai (30 April 1964 – 17 March 1967)
- Siaka Stevens (first term) (17 March 1967 – 21 March 1967)
- David Lansana (21 March 1967 – 24 March 1967)
- Ambrose Patrick Genda (24 March 1967 – 27 March 1967)a
- Andrew Juxon Smith (27 March 1967 – 19 April 1968)a
- Patrick Conteh (19 April 1968 – 26 April 1968)b
- Siaka Stevens (second term) (26 April 1968 – 19 April 1971)
a. As Chairman of the National Reform Council.
b. As Chairman of the National Interim Council.
Transition to a Republic
Elizabeth II visited Sierra Leone from 25 November to 1 December 1961, shortly after independence.[9]
Sierra Leone became a republic within the Commonwealth on the promulgation of the 1971 constitution and Prime Minister Siaka Stevens became the first President of Sierra Leone.[10]
References
Bibliography
- Kargbo, Michael S. (2006). British Foreign Policy and the Conflict in Sierra Leone, 1991–2001. Peter Lang. p. 70. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
{{cite book}}
:|website=
ignored (help) - Fyle, Magbaily C. (2006). Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. pp. XVII–XXII. ISBN 978-0-8108-5339-3.
Notes
- ^ "FINAL RESULTS 2004 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS" (PDF). Sierra-leone.org. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ a b "Sierra Leone Population". Worldometers. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
- ^ a b c "Sierra Leone". WorldStatesmen.org. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
- ^ "Sierra Leone Independence Act 1961". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
- ^ "Sierra Leone Heads". Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
- ^ Kargbo 2006, p. 70.
- ^ a b Fyle 2006, p. XXII.
- ^ a b c d e Fyle 2006, p. XXIII.
- ^ "Commonwealth Tours: 1960s". British Pathé. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
- ^ "Sierra Leone". The Commonwealth. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
External links
- "SIERRA LEONE INDEPENDENCE BILL (Hansard, 27 March 1961)". Hansard.millbanksystems.com. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
- "SIERRA LEONE (GIFT OF A MACE) (Hansard, 30 January 1962)". Hansard.millbanksystems.com. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
- "Orders of the Day — Sierra Leone Independence Bill: 22 Mar 1961: House of Commons debates". TheyWorkForYou. Retrieved 26 January 2017.