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Revision as of 10:38, 22 November 2005
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For other views of Sahaba and a short description, see sahaba.
While Sunnis accept the testimony of all Sahaba as an authenticated part of the chain of narrators in a hadith, without scrutinizing it, Shias accept only the testimonies of people who they regard as as reliable.
Sahaba
Shias consider each Sahaba on his or her own merit and, on that basis, prefer some to others. The Shia view of the Sahaba is mostly influenced by what the Sahaba did during their lifetime. For example, a Sahaba who engaged in open warfare against the Ahl al-Bayt is not trusted by Shias. In fact, under the Branches of Religion, it is obligatory for a Shia to hate such a person.
Shias consider that any hadith where Muhammad is claimed to have, in one way or another, absolved all Sahaba from sin or elevated their trustworthiness is false. Shias claim that, in most cases, such hadiths have been reported by those who opposed the Ahl al-Bayt.
Merit for seeing Muhammad
Shias acknowledge no merit per se for having either seen Muhammad or having been related to him in any way. In other words, it is up to the individual to decide how much he or she is prepared to benefit from Muhammad's companionship. Therefore, Shias have different views on each Sahabi, depending on what he or she accomplished. In the Shia view, some Sahaba lived lives contrary to Islamic teaching. Shias support their arguments using verses from the Qur'an, in particular, in relation to Muhammad's wives:
- "God sets forth an example to those who disbelieve: the wife of Nuh and the wife of Lut: they were both under two of Our righteous servants, but they acted treacherously towards them so they availed them naught against God, and it was said: Enter both the fire with those who enter." (Qur'an 66:10)
Shias also support their view by citing the following verses addressing Muhammad's wives:
- "O wives of the prophet! whoever of you commits an open indecency, the punishment shall be increased to her doubly; and this is easy for God.
- And whoever of you is obedient to God and His Messenger and does good, We will give to her her reward doubly, and We have prepared for her an honorable sustenance." (Qur'an 33:30-31)
In other words, Shias view a sahabi who "commits an open indecency" as being twice as blameworthy, because he or she was in the presence of God's best creation, Muhammad, and thus should have been inspired to act justly. Also, a sahabi who "is obedient to God and His Messenger and does good" is considered twice as admirable, because he or she received Muhammad's direct guidance and aided him and his Ahl al-Bayt.
A further verse that is cited by Shias is:
- "And from among those who are round about you of the dwellers of the desert there are hypocrites, and from among the people of Medina (also); they are stubborn in hypocrisy; you do not know them; We know them; We will chastise them twice then shall they be turned back to a grievous chastisement." (Qur'an 9:101)
See also
- Ahlul Bayt
- Muhammad's wives
- Sahaba
- taba'een
- Taba Tabe'een
- non-Muslims who interacted with Muslims during Muhammad's era
- Narrators of hadith