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{{Refimprove|date=June 2009}} |
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[[Image:irssi.png|thumb|300px|right|[[irssi]] |
[[Image:irssi.png|thumb|300px|right|[[irssi]] |
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[[IRC]] client running on a shell server]] |
[[IRC]] client running on a shell server]] |
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Traditionally a '''shell account''' was a [[user account]] on a [[remote server]] which gave you to access a [[unix shell]] via a [[command-line interface]] protocol such as [[telnet]] or [[ssh]].<ref name=Young1999>{{citation |last=Young |first=Margaret Levine |year=1999 |title=Internet: the complete reference |editor1=Margaret Levine Young |edition=3 |publisher=Osborne/McGraw-Hill |isbn=9780072119428 |page=11 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gPdSAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> They were originally provided by [[ISPs]] (such as [[Netcom (USA)]] and [[Digex]]) and were used for [[file storage]], [[web space]], [[email accounts]], [[newsgroup access]] and [[software development]].<ref>[http://www.yossman.net/canweb/glossary.html yossman.net glossary - unix shell account]</ref><ref name=LJ1996>{{cite|title=Choosing an Internet Service Provider|journal=Linux Journal|year=1996|number=24|date=April 1996|issn=10753583|author=Michael K. Johnson|publisher=Specialized Systems, Seattle, USA|quote=If you are comfortable with the command-line interface that [[Linux]] provides, you will probably be comfortable with a '''Shell account''' on a Linux or [[Unix]] computer managed by an ISP. Once your modem connects to the other modem and you log in, it is the same as an xterm session or a console login (without graphics capabilities) on your Linux box, except that the remote computer you are logged into is connected to the Internet. You usually use a standard Unix shell, with roughly the same choices available on your own Linux system, although some '''shell accounts''' also provide an optional menu interface similar to what a [[Bulletin Board System|BBS]] provides.|url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1233}}</ref><ref name=LJ1994>{{cite journal|url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2832|journal=Linux Journal|date=October 1st, 1994|author=Michael K. Johnson|title=For Internauts, finding a port of call can be a trying experience. I recently ran the gauntlet of choosing a commercial Internet access provider (do I have enough mixed metaphors yet?) and would like to share my experiences, both good and bad.|quote=The other day, I started shopping, both for a Unix shell account, and for a [[SLIP]] or [[Point-to-Point Protocol|PPP]] connection that allows my home Linux network to become a real part of the Internet.}}</ref> |
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A '''shell account''' is a personal account that gives a user access to a [[Shell_(computing)|shell]] (often a [[Unix shell]]) on a remote server, usually accessed through [[Secure Shell|SSH]] (and historically [[telnet]]).{{Fact|date=July 2009}} |
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In more recent times, '''shell providers''' are often found to offer ''shell accounts'' at low-cost or for free.<ref name=Levine2002>{{citation |last1=Levine |first1=John R. |year=2002 |title=The Internet for dummies |first2=Carol |last2=Baroudi |first3=Margaret Levine |last3=Young |edition=8 |publisher=Hungry Minds |isbn=9780764508943 |page=52 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=GdL5z-Nu_t8C}}</ref> These ''shell accounts'' generally provide users with access to various software and services including [[compilers]], [[IRC clients]], [[background processes]], [[FTP]], [[text editor]] (such as [[Nano_(text_editor)|nano]]) and [[email client]] (such as [[Pine_(e-mail_client)|pine]]).<ref>[http://ask.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/07/14/159237 SlashDot | Unix Shell Accounts? Posted by Cliff on Wed Jul 14, 2004 01:20 PM]</ref><ref name=Queue>{{cite journal|title=The Seven Deadly Sins of Linux Security|journal=Queue|volume=5|number=4|date=May-June 2007|pages=38 - 47|issn=15427730|author=Bob Toxen|publisher=ACM, New York, USA|quote=Most recent vulnerabilities are not directly exploitable remotely on most systems. This means that most systems are not at risk for remote attack from the Internet. Many of the vulnerabilities may be taken advantage of by someone with a regular shell account on the system.}}</ref> |
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A shell account can be used for many different purposes because many different programs can be run on the shell. It might be used to try out another [[operating system]], running [[Internet Relay Chat|IRC]] clients or [[IRC bot|bots]], [[Compiler|compile]] and run [[source code]] and [[Scripting language|scripts]], to host websites, or to use [[e-mail]] services. It might be possible to run programs on the server even while not connected, using [[Job control (Unix)|background jobs]] or programs such as the [[GNU screen]] terminal multiplexer.<ref>http://www.yossman.net/canweb/glossary.html</ref><ref>http://ask.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/07/14/159237</ref> |
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''Shell accounts'' have been involved in illegal activity.<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/08/27/ddos_mafia_busted/ The Register: Sci/Tech News for the World]</ref><ref>[http://www.wired.com/politics/security/news/2005/09/68800?currentPage=all Wired News]</ref><ref name=Bosworth2009>{{citation |last1=Bosworth |first1=Seymour |year=2009 |title=Computer Security Handbook |first2=M. E. |last2=Kabay |first3=Eric |last3=Whyne |edition=5 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons Inc |isbn=9780471716525 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=j_WzPwAACAAJ |page=4 }}</ref> Some shell accounts are used for [[warez]] distribution.<ref>[http://www.heise.de/tp/r4/artikel/9/9171/1.html Heise Online]</ref> |
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Shell accounts are often subject to policies that limit different kinds of resources, like [[disk quota|disk usage]] or [[process (computing)|processes]]. Some providers removed accounts that have not logged in for a long period of time. Some do not allow background processes or connections to [[IRC]].{{Fact|date=June 2009}} |
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==Shell providers== |
==Shell providers== |
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This is a list of |
This is a list of shell providers. |
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* [[Arbornet]] - [[FreeBSD]] - Started in 1984, sold in 1990 and then again in 1991. |
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* [[Cyberspace Communications|Grex]] - [[OpenBSD]] (formerly [[SunOS]]) - Founded in 1991 |
* [[Cyberspace Communications|Grex]] - [[OpenBSD]] (formerly [[SunOS]]) - Founded in 1991 |
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* [[Polarhome]] - Opened to the public in Spring 2000. |
* [[Polarhome]] - Opened to the public in Spring 2000. |
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* [[Super Dimension Fortress]] (SDF) - [[NetBSD]] (formerly [[SVR3]] on the [[3B2]]) - Founded in 1987 |
* [[Super Dimension Fortress]] (SDF) - [[NetBSD]] (formerly [[SVR3]] on the [[3B2]]) - Founded in 1987 |
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* [[The WELL]] - Started in 1985 by [[Stewart Brand]] and [[Larry Brilliant]], currently owned by the [[Salon.com|Salon Media Group]]. |
* [[The WELL]] - Started in 1985 by [[Stewart Brand]] and [[Larry Brilliant]], currently owned by the [[Salon.com|Salon Media Group]]. |
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==See also== |
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* [[FreeBSD jail]] |
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* [[The Internet Adapter]], a graphical application front end for internet access using shell accounts allowing TCP/IP-based applications such as Netscape to run over the shell account. |
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* [[Slirp]], a [[free software]] application similar to The Internet Adapter |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist|2}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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[[Category:Unix]] |
[[Category:Unix]] |
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[[ar:حساب |
[[ar:حساب قشرة]] |
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[[de:Shell-Account]] |
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[[nl:Shell account]] |
[[nl:Shell account]] |
Revision as of 17:27, 15 November 2009
Traditionally a shell account was a user account on a remote server which gave you to access a unix shell via a command-line interface protocol such as telnet or ssh.[1] They were originally provided by ISPs (such as Netcom (USA) and Digex) and were used for file storage, web space, email accounts, newsgroup access and software development.[2][3][4]
In more recent times, shell providers are often found to offer shell accounts at low-cost or for free.[5] These shell accounts generally provide users with access to various software and services including compilers, IRC clients, background processes, FTP, text editor (such as nano) and email client (such as pine).[6][7]
Shell accounts have been involved in illegal activity.[8][9][10] Some shell accounts are used for warez distribution.[11]
Shell providers
This is a list of shell providers.
- Grex - OpenBSD (formerly SunOS) - Founded in 1991
- Polarhome - Opened to the public in Spring 2000.
- Sakima.Ivy.NET - Established September, 1995.
- Super Dimension Fortress (SDF) - NetBSD (formerly SVR3 on the 3B2) - Founded in 1987
- The WELL - Started in 1985 by Stewart Brand and Larry Brilliant, currently owned by the Salon Media Group.
See also
- FreeBSD jail
- The Internet Adapter, a graphical application front end for internet access using shell accounts allowing TCP/IP-based applications such as Netscape to run over the shell account.
- Slirp, a free software application similar to The Internet Adapter
References
- ^ Young, Margaret Levine (1999), Margaret Levine Young (ed.), Internet: the complete reference (3 ed.), Osborne/McGraw-Hill, p. 11, ISBN 9780072119428
- ^ yossman.net glossary - unix shell account
- ^ Michael K. Johnson (April 1996), "Choosing an Internet Service Provider", Linux Journal (24), Specialized Systems, Seattle, USA, ISSN 1075-3583,
If you are comfortable with the command-line interface that Linux provides, you will probably be comfortable with a Shell account on a Linux or Unix computer managed by an ISP. Once your modem connects to the other modem and you log in, it is the same as an xterm session or a console login (without graphics capabilities) on your Linux box, except that the remote computer you are logged into is connected to the Internet. You usually use a standard Unix shell, with roughly the same choices available on your own Linux system, although some shell accounts also provide an optional menu interface similar to what a BBS provides.
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Michael K. Johnson (October 1st, 1994). "For Internauts, finding a port of call can be a trying experience. I recently ran the gauntlet of choosing a commercial Internet access provider (do I have enough mixed metaphors yet?) and would like to share my experiences, both good and bad". Linux Journal.
The other day, I started shopping, both for a Unix shell account, and for a SLIP or PPP connection that allows my home Linux network to become a real part of the Internet.
{{cite journal}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Levine, John R.; Baroudi, Carol; Young, Margaret Levine (2002), The Internet for dummies (8 ed.), Hungry Minds, p. 52, ISBN 9780764508943
- ^ SlashDot | Unix Shell Accounts? Posted by Cliff on Wed Jul 14, 2004 01:20 PM
- ^ Bob Toxen (May–June 2007). "The Seven Deadly Sins of Linux Security". Queue. 5 (4). ACM, New York, USA: 38–47. ISSN 1542-7730.
Most recent vulnerabilities are not directly exploitable remotely on most systems. This means that most systems are not at risk for remote attack from the Internet. Many of the vulnerabilities may be taken advantage of by someone with a regular shell account on the system.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ The Register: Sci/Tech News for the World
- ^ Wired News
- ^ Bosworth, Seymour; Kabay, M. E.; Whyne, Eric (2009), Computer Security Handbook (5 ed.), John Wiley & Sons Inc, p. 4, ISBN 9780471716525
- ^ Heise Online