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'''Shakhty''' ({{lang-ru|Ша́хты}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] in [[Rostov Oblast]], [[Russia]], located on the southeastern spur of Donetsk mountain ridge, {{ |
'''Shakhty''' ({{lang-ru|Ша́хты}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] in [[Rostov Oblast]], [[Russia]], located on the southeastern spur of Donetsk mountain ridge, {{km to mi|75}} northeast of [[Rostov-on-Don]]. Its population was 240,100 per the preliminary results of the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]];<ref name="2010Census" /> up from 222,592 recorded in the [[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Census]].<ref name="2002Census" /> |
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==History== |
==History== |
Revision as of 17:08, 11 June 2011
Shakhty
Шахты | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 47°42′0″N 40°14′0″E / 47.70000°N 40.23333°E | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Rostov Oblast |
Founded | October 3, 1867 |
Government | |
• Body | City Duma |
• Mayor | Vladimir Mamonov (acting)[1] |
Area | |
• Total | 158.2 km2 (61.1 sq mi) |
Elevation | 100 m (300 ft) |
Population | |
• Total | 240,100 |
• Estimate (2018)[3] | 233,814 (−2.6%) |
• Rank | 78th in 2010 |
• Density | 1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi) |
• Urban okrug | Shakhty Urban Okrug |
Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [4]) |
Postal code(s)[5] | 346500 |
Dialing code(s) | +7 8636 |
OKTMO ID | 60740000001 |
City Day | Third Sunday of September |
Website | www |
Shakhty (Russian: Ша́хты) is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the southeastern spur of Donetsk mountain ridge, Template:Km to mi northeast of Rostov-on-Don. Its population was 240,100 per the preliminary results of the 2010 Census;[2] up from 222,592 recorded in the 2002 Census.[6]
History
It was founded on October 3, 1867 as Gornoye Grushevskoye (Горное Грушевское) settlement. From 1881 to 1921, it was called Alexandrovsk-Grushevsky (Александровск-Грушевский).
By 1914, the population had reached 54,000. The main source of income was coal mining, which had been carried out in that region since the 18th century. The population was poor, but the town had rail, telegraph and telephone networks, electricity and plumbing as well as libraries, hospitals and a post office. Most of the merchants and industrialists lived in Rostov and Novocherkassk.[7]
1917 saw the city change hands three times, until it was taken on April 28, 1919, by the Don Army, under General Fitzkhelaurov. For twenty months it was independent of the Bolsheviks, but was ravaged by typhoid.
On January 13, 1921 it was finally given its present name. The name "Shakhty" ("mine shafts" in English) was chosen, because of the city's association with coal mining. During the 1920s, many of the churches and the archives were destroyed. As with the rest of the Soviet Union, the same street names were changed.
In July 1942, during the Great Patriotic War, the town was occupied by the Germans; many coal pits and buildings were blown up by the Germans during their retreat in February, 1943. Twenty-nine of the townsmen were awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union.
In 1948, production levels in the mines reached what they had been before the war. During the Leonid Brezhnev years, the city was at the height of its development, with a population of over 250,000, and about ten million tons of coal being mined each year.
Perestroika proved devastating for the city, as mines were privatized and shut down, causing massive unemployment, which led to a severe rise in crime and drug abuse. Today Shakhty is the main industrial center of the Eastern Donbass. The city is also one of the main producers and exporters of tile in Eastern Europe, Shakhtinskaya Plitka.
International relations
Twin towns/sister cities
Shakhty is twinned with:
Historical concepts
Outside Russia at least, the town is mainly known because of the Shakhty Trial of 1928, a precursor of the show trials of the 1930s, and for being the scene of many of Andrei Chikatilo's murders.
References
- ^ Official website of Shakhty Administration. Vladimir Nikiforovich Mamonov Template:Ru icon
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ a b Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ shakhty.su: History
External links
- Shakhty портал г. Шахты Template:Ru icon
- Official site of the city Template:Ru icon
- Site of partnership Schachty - Gelsenkirchen Template:Ru iconTemplate:De icon