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{{short description|Garment of fabric worn around neck or head}} |
{{short description|Garment of fabric worn around neck or head}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=October 2019}} |
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[[File:Sigi Schmid Crew.jpg|thumb|[[Sigi Schmid]] wearing a football-style warm woollen scarf, in the colours of the team he coached, [[Columbus Crew]].]] |
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[[File:Woman wearing Colorful Fashion Scarf 2014.jpg|thumb|Model [[Caitlin O'Connor]] wearing a modern colorful fashion scarf.]] |
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| caption = A scarf worn to keep warm in winter |
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'''Scarves''' or '''scarfs''' are long pieces of [[Textile|fabric]] worn on or around the [[neck]], [[Shoulder|shoulders]], or [[head]]. This piece of fabric is used for warmth, sun protection, cleanliness, fashion, religious reasons, or to show support for a sports club or team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scarf Definition & Meaning |url=https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/scarf |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en-US}}</ref> They can be made from various materials such as [[wool]], [[linen]], [[silk]], or [[cotton]]. It is a common type of neckwear and a perennial accessory. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:018 Conrad Cichorius, Die Reliefs der Traianssäule, Tafel XVIII (cropped).jpg|thumb|195px|''Focalia'' on a panel from Trajan's Column]] |
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Scarves have been worn since ancient times.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mackrell|first1=Alice|title=Shawls, stoles, and scarves|date=1986|publisher=Batsford|location=London|isbn=0713448768}}</ref> In 1350BC Ancient Egypt, Queen Nefertiti is said to have worn a tightly-woven headscarf, and the [[Statue of Ashurnasirpal II]] from the 9th century BC features the emperor wearing a shawl. In [[Ancient Rome]], the garment was used to keep clean rather than warm. It was called a [[focale]] or ''sudarium'' (sudarium from the [[Latin language|Latin]] for "sweat cloth"), and was used to wipe the sweat from the neck and face in hot weather. They were originally worn by men around their neck or tied to their [[Belt (clothing)|belt]]. |
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Scarves have been worn since ancient times.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mackrell |first=Alice |title=Shawls, stoles, and scarves |date=1986 |publisher=Batsford |isbn=0713448768 |location=London}}</ref> In 1350 BC Ancient Egypt, [[Queen Nefertiti]] is said to have worn a tightly-woven headscarf, and the [[Statue of Ashurnasirpal II]] from the 9th century BC features the emperor wearing a shawl. In [[Ancient Rome]], in the first century AD, around 10 AD, the garment was used to keep clean rather than warm. It was called a [[focale]] or ''sudarium'' (sudarium from the [[Latin language|Latin]] for "sweat cloth") and was used to wipe the sweat from the neck and face in hot weather. They were originally worn by men around their necks or tied to their [[Belt (clothing)|belts]].<ref name="Jenessa">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Jenessa |date=4 November 2021 |title=The history of scarves |url=https://www.readersdigest.co.uk/lifestyle/fashion-beauty/the-history-of-scarves |access-date=4 January 2023 |publisher=Readers Digest}}</ref><ref name="Look">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2016 |title=Fashionttile-Archives: A Look at the History of the Scarf |url=https://startupfashion.com/fashion-archives-a-look-at-the-history-of-the-scarf/ |access-date=8 January 2023 |publisher=Startup fashion}}</ref> |
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Historians believe that during the reign of the Chinese [[Qin Shi Huang|Emperor Cheng]], scarves made of cloth were used to identify officers or the rank of Chinese warriors.{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}} |
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During the reign of the Chinese [[Qin Shi Huang|Emperor Cheng]], from 259–210 BC, scarves made of cloth were used as military markers to identify officers or the rank of Chinese warriors. In the 1200s AD, the Egyptian Belly dancers style used a scarf-like belt tied low on the hips to highlight their body movements.<ref name=Jenessa/> In 500 BC, in Athens women sported scarves to enhance their seductive charm, while during the same period, Indian women wore them flirtatiously as headgears.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pillai |first=Devadas |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Indian_Sociology_Through_Ghurye_a_Dictio/P3uD22Ghqs4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=history+of+scarves+in+India&pg=PA162&printsec=frontcover |title=Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary |publisher=Popular Prakshan Private Limited |year=1997 |isbn=9788171548071 |access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref> |
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In later times, scarves were also worn by soldiers of all ranks in Croatia around the 17th century. The only difference in the soldiers' scarves that designated a difference in rank was that the officers had silk scarves whilst the other ranks were issued with cotton scarves. Some of the Croatian soldiers served as mercenaries with the French forces. The men's scarves were sometimes referred to as "[[Cravat (early)|cravat]]s" (from the French ''cravate'', meaning "Croat"), and were the precursor of the [[necktie]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} |
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Around the 17th century, scarves were worn by soldiers of all ranks in [[Croatia]]. The only difference in the soldiers' scarves that designated a difference in rank was that the officers had silk scarves, whilst the other ranks were issued cotton scarves. Some of the Croatian soldiers served as mercenaries with the French forces; their men's scarves were sometimes referred to as "[[Cravat (early)|cravat]]s" (from the French ''cravate'', meaning "Croat") and were the precursor to the necktie. The modern British "cravat" is called an "ascot" in American English.<ref name=Jenessa/><ref name=Look/> |
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The scarf became a real fashion accessory by the early 19th century for both men and women. By the middle of the 20th century, scarves became one of the most versatile clothing accessories for both men and women.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} |
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During the [[French Revolution]], women and men donned different coloured scarves to exhibit their political affiliations to democratic principles of - ''Liberté'', ''Egalité'', ''Fraternité'', and ''Cravates''. French epitomized with great ease the elegant scarf style. In French, "scarf" is a derivative of the Croatian word Karvata. Also, during these two wars, fighter pilots wore scarves to keep themselves warm in high altitudes and to cover their necks.<ref name=Look/><ref name="Friedman">{{Cite book |last=Friedman |first=Lauren |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/50_Ways_to_Wear_a_Scarf/HM0WAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=scarf&pg=PA121&printsec=frontcover |title=50 Ways to Wear a Scarf |date=11 February 2014 |publisher=Chronicle Books LLC |isbn=9781452132198 |page=121 to 124 |access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> |
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During World War I and II, women in the USA considered it a patriotic duty to knit scarves for the soldiers, along with other necessities.<ref name=Friedman/> |
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In New England, bereaved families were given a scarf as a thank-you gift, as a mark of respect.<ref name=Jenessa/> |
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[[Napoleon Bonaparte]] found Egyptian scarves attractive and bought them as gifts for his wife. After this gift, Empress [[Josephine Bonaparte]] is believed to have acquired over 400 scarves in the following three years costing about £80,000. Following this, the people of [[Paisley, Renfrewshire|Paisley]], a town in [[Scotland]], started manufacturing their own scarves.<ref name=Jenessa/><ref name="Guide">{{Cite web |year=2023 |title=History of Scarves - Our Complete Guide |url=https://www.rampleyandco.com/pages/history-of-scarves |access-date=8 January 2023 |publisher=Rampley and Co}}</ref> |
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The scarf became a real fashion accessory by the early 19th century for both men and women. By the middle of the 20th century, scarves became one of the most versatile clothing accessories for both men and women.<ref name=Jenessa/><ref name=Friedman/> |
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During the entire 20th century, the fashion industry adopted the scarf in a big way. Thierry Hermes of [[Hermes]] created silk scarves modelled after scarves Napaolean soldiers wore in battle. Hermes, the biggest name in the fashion industry, started making scarves which were designed by artists and singers of the biggest names in the fashion and music industry in Hollywood; Hollywood actresses [[Grace Kelly]] fashioned one of Hermes's scarves.<ref name=Look/><ref name=Friedman/> Hermes, imported raw silk directly from China which was spun into yarn and then made into a more long-lasting high-quality fabric with hand print; it is said these scarfs involved 43 screens giving its color effects, and this printed scarf design was exhibited in a picture by two women in white wigs playing a game.<ref name=Look/> |
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Silk scarves were also fashioned by actresses like [[Faye Dunaway]] in the 1967 film [[Bonnie and Clyde]] and [[Diane Keaton]] in 1977's [[Annie Hall]]. [[Madonna]], in the 1980s, corralled her epic perm with a subversive scarf. Thus, scarves do not show any evidence of fading away, as Alexander's much-copied silk skull scarves have generated rage among celebrities and fans alike.<ref name=Friedman/> |
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==Uses and types== |
==Uses and types== |
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[[File:Woman wearing Colorful Fashion Scarf 2014.jpg|thumb|Model [[Caitlin O'Connor]] wearing a modern colourful fashion scarf]] |
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In cold climates, a thick [[knit]]ted scarf, often made of [[wool]], is tied around the neck to keep warm. Sometimes called a [[Muffler_(disambiguation)|muffler]], this is usually accompanied by a heavy [[jacket]] or [[coat]]. Also, the scarf could be used to wrap around the face and ears for additional cover from the cold. |
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Scarves are in vogue in four functional types, and these are: headscarves, neck scarves, beach scarves, and winter scarves, and are hand-painted, block-printed, dyed, embellished, embroidered, beaded, or laced.<ref name="Curve">{{Cite web |date=10 March 2021 |title=15 Different Types of Scarves |url=https://threadcurve.com/types-of-scarves/ |publisher=threadcurve.com}}</ref> |
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In drier, dustier warm climates, or in environments where there are many airborne contaminants, a thin [[headscarf]], [[kerchief]], or [[bandanna]] is often worn over the eyes and nose and mouth to keep the hair clean. Over time, this custom has evolved into a fashionable item in many cultures, particularly among women. The [[Cravat (early)|cravat]], an ancestor of the [[necktie]] and [[bow tie]], evolved from scarves of this sort in [[Croatia]]{{citation needed|date=March 2012}}.<ref>"Necktie." ''World of Invention'', Gale, 2006. ''Biography In Context'', <nowiki>http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV1647500543/BIC?u=lom_waynesu&sid=BIC&xid=a9ae2de6</nowiki>. Accessed 1 Feb. 2019.</ref> |
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Winter scarves used in cold climates are thick and [[knit]]ted, often made of [[wool]], [[alpaca]], and similar warm materials, tied around the neck to keep warm. Sometimes called a [[Muffler (disambiguation)|muffler]], this is usually accompanied by a heavy jacket or coat. Also, the scarf could be used to wrap around the face and ears for additional coverage from the cold.<ref name =Curve/> |
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In India, woollen scarfs with [[Bandhani work]] use tie and dye technique used commonly in Bhuj and Mandvi of the Kutch District of Gujarat State. |
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In drier, dustier warm climates or environments with many airborne contaminants, a thin [[headscarf]], [[kerchief]], or bandanna is often worn over the eyes, nose, and mouth to keep the hair clean. Over time, this custom has evolved into a fashionable item in many cultures, particularly among women. The [[Cravat (early)|cravat]], an ancestor of the necktie and [[bow tie]], evolved from scarves of this sort in [[Croatia]]{{citation needed|date=March 2012}}.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Necktie: World of Invention |url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV1647500543/BIC?u=lom_waynesu&sid=BIC&xid=a9ae2de6 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> |
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Scarves that are used to cover the lower part of face are sometimes called a cowl. Scarves can be colloquially called a ''neck-wrap''.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} |
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In [[India]], woollen scarves with [[Bandhani work]] adopting tie and dye technique used commonly in Bhuj and Mandvi of the Kutch District of [[Gujarat]] State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sajnani |first=Manohara |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_of_Tourism_Resources_in_In/nxtnsT8CdZ4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Bandhani+work+scarfs+in+Kutch+Gujarat&pg=PA121&printsec=frontcover |title=Encyclopaedia of Tourism Resources in Indias |publisher=Kalpaz |year=2001 |isbn=9788178350189 |location=Delhi |page=2 |access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> In India, there is a trend now among members of a particular group of people to compulsorily wear scarf or dupatta as a safeguard against pollution.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woman and girls wearing scarf or dupatta to avoid pollution in India |url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/1784507305155386 |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2023}} |
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Scarfs can be tied in many ways including the pussy-cat bow, the square knot, the cowboy bib, the ascot knot, the loop, the necktie, and the gypsy kerchief.<ref name="Perry, Patricia 1971">Perry, Patricia, (1971). "Everything About Sewing Ponchos Capes Scarves & Stoles", New York: Butterick Fashion Marketing Company. 70-169062</ref> Scarfs can also be tied in various ways on the head. |
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In East Indies, in Malaya, Slenddangs constitute another item in the strictly native trade as a scarf or sash, 20 or 21 inches wide and 85 or 86 inches long, that is worn principally by the Malaya Women, being draped over one shoulder and across the body diagonally they are both printed and colour |
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Scarves are also used as fashion accessories with evening gowns by draping them over the shoulders or arms; one such example is the feather boa. |
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<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Special_Agents_Series/VfcTWPf8-QwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Scarfs+in+India&pg=RA7-PA84&printsec=frontcover |title=Cotton Goods in Dutch Indies |publisher=Governemnt Printing Press, Washington |year=1916 |page=43}}</ref> |
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Scarves that are used to cover the lower part of the face, the neck, in particular, are sometimes called cowls. Scarves can be colloquially called a ''neck-wrap''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shelden |first=Martha Gene |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Design_Through_Draping/R-k9AQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Scarves+that+are+used+to+cover+the+lower+part+of+the+face+are+sometimes+called+cowls&dq=Scarves+that+are+used+to+cover+the+lower+part+of+the+face+are+sometimes+called+cowls&printsec=frontcover |title=Design Through Draping |publisher=Burgess Publishing Company |year=1974 |isbn=9780808719069 |page=82 |access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> |
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Scarves can be tied in many ways, including the pussy-cat bow, the square knot, the cowboy bib, the ascot knot, the loop, the necktie, and the gipsy kerchief.<ref name="Perry, Patricia 1971">{{Cite book |last=Perry |first=Patricia |title=Everything About Sewing Ponchos Capes Scarves & Stoles |publisher=Butterick Fashion Marketing Company |year=1971 |location=New York |page=70}}</ref> Scarves have also been tied in various ways on the head as a [[headscarf]], transcending time. Monarchs, including [[Queen Victoria]] and [[Queen Elizabeth I]], have worn the headscarf. During the late 1990s, it was a fashion trend with [[hip hop]] and [[R&B]]. During the period of silent films, actresses [[Anna May Wong]] and [[Evelyn Brent]] donned headscarves of sophisticated silks and popularised them. In [[Islam]]ic religious culture, wearing a head scarf is linked to the holy [[Quran]]. It is said that in [[Saudi Arabia]], wearing a head scarf was necessary to face the harsh climate and intense heat, even before Islam became their religion. During the same period, Christians and Jews also covered their hair with veils dictated by their sacred texts.<ref name="Head">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2021 |title=Conservative, rebellious, culture-defining: A brief history of the headscarf |url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/headscarf-brief-history/index.html |access-date=6 January 2023 |publisher=Cable News Network}}</ref> |
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Scarves are also used as fashion accessories with evening gowns by draping them over the shoulders or arms; one example is the [[Feather boa]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} |
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===In religious or cultural use=== |
===In religious or cultural use=== |
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[[File:Anglican priest vested in an alb, cincture and purple stole.jpg|thumb|Anglican preist wearing a stole]] |
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Several [[Christian denomination]]s include a scarf known as a [[Stole (vestment)|Stole]] as part of their liturgical vestments. |
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The ecclesiastical "scarf" was originally a loose wrap or muliier (band) to be worn around the neck out of doors. In the English Church, in post-Reformation times, the minister wore over the surplice the "scarf," which was a broad band of black silk with fringed ends arranged like the stole around the neck but falling nearly to the feet. Its use has been almost entirely replaced by that of the stole (q.v.), with which it has sometimes been wrongly confused.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Scarf |volume=24 |page=302 |short=1}}</ref> |
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Several [[Christian denomination]]s include a scarf known as a [[Stole (vestment)|stole]] as part of their liturgical vestments. In the English Church, the scarf of coloured made of black silk, which is twice the width of a stole, is worn around the neck of chaplains, doctors of religion, and other personages. Mourners at funerals wear a black scarf made of silk or crape over the right shoulder. Scarves of coloured silk are worn on many public occasions and in their courts or lodges by members of many of the social order - such as Foresters, Odd fellows, etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=Robert |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Universal_Dictionary_of_the_English_Lang/rk7lAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Academic+scarfs+in+England&pg=PA4131&printsec=frontcover |title=Academic Scarfs in England |publisher=Burgess Publishing Company |year=1897 |page=4131 |access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> |
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{{clear}} |
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===In uniforms=== |
===In uniforms=== |
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Silk scarves were used by pilots of early aircraft |
White Silk scarves in addition to knitted scarfs<ref name=Guide/> were used by pilots of early aircraft to keep oily smoke from the exhaust out of their mouths while flying. These were worn by pilots of closed cockpit aircraft to prevent neck chafing, especially by fighter pilots, who were constantly turning their heads from side to side, watching for enemy aircraft. Today, military flight crews wear scarves imprinted with unit insignia and emblems not for functional reasons but instead for esprit-de-corps and heritage.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sweetman |first=Bill |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/100_Years_of_Flight/mH1biS131f4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Silk+scarves+were+used+by+pilots+of+early+aircraft+in+order+to+keep+oily+smoke+from+the+exhaust+out+of+their+mouths+while+flying&dq=Silk+scarves+were+used+by+pilots+of+early+aircraft+in+order+to+keep+oily+smoke+from+the+exhaust+out+of+their+mouths+while+flying&printsec=frontcover |title=100 Years of Flight |publisher=Publications International |year=2002 |isbn=9780785363248 |access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> |
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The dress code adopted by pilots and air hostesses has undergone a sea change over time. In the early years of flying, aircraft pilots copied the pilots of [[World War I|WWI]] and adopted silk scarves and gloves as part of their outfit of flying boots and leather bomber jackets. But now, the modern commercial airline pilot's uniform has a distinct nautical cut to it. The air hostess's uniform has also undergone substantial changes, and wearing uniforms and scarves makes them distinctively attractive. Now the trend is to follow national traditions of dress. In this context, the air hostesses of Emirate Airlines drape scarf. Thai Airways cabin crew wear pink and purple silks with sashes; the Fiji Airways |
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Students in the [[United Kingdom]] traditionally wear [[academic scarf|academic scarves]] with distinctive combinations of striped [[school colours|colours]] identifying their individual university or college. |
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air hostesses are seen wearing scarves with bula prints.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gebicki |first=Michael |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/themes/101106077/pilot-and-flight-attendant-uniforms-the-meaning-behind-the-outfit |title=Pilot and flight attendant uniforms: The meaning behind the outfit |date=2 February 2018 |publisher=Stuff.co.nz |access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> Air Canada's dictum is — "Wear your scarf at all times!".<ref>{{Cite web |year=2023 |title=Question: Why Do Flight Attendants Wear Scarves |url=https://bikehike.org/why-do-flight-attendants-wear-scarves/ |publisher=BikeHike}}</ref> |
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Students in the United Kingdom and Ireland traditionally wear [[academic scarf|academic scarves]] with distinctive combinations of striped [[School colors|colours identifying their university or college]]. This scarf, made from Saxony wool, usually measures 2 m in length of rectangular shape with tassels and two or more coloured stripes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2021 |title=A brief history of academic scarves |url=https://www.study.eu/article/a-brief-history-of-academic-scarves |access-date=4 January 2023 |publisher=Study.eu Team}}</ref> |
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Members of the [[Scouting]] movement wear a scarf-like item called a [[neckerchief]] as part of their uniform, which is sometimes referred to as a scarf. In some Socialist countries [[Young pioneer]]s wore a neckerchief called a [[red scarf]]. |
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Members of the [[Scouting]] movement wear a scarf-like item called a [[neckerchief]] with a slide as part of their uniform, which is sometimes referred to as a scarf. Scouting's founder was Lord Robert Baden-Powell introduced it in 1908. The idea was that if the scout was encountered with a bleeding injury and had to make a splint, a sling, or a bandage, the neckerchief could be used.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cole |date=13 October 2020 |title=Why Do Scouts Wear Neckerchief Scarfs? (And Their Symbolism) |url=https://scoutsmarts.com/why-scouts-wear-neckerchiefs// |access-date=5 January 2023 |publisher=ScoutSmarts.com}}</ref> |
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{{clear}} |
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In some Socialist countries, [[Young pioneer]]s wore a neckerchief called a [[red scarf]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-29 |title=What is a Young Pioneer, Anyway? |url=https://www.youngpioneertours.com/young-pioneer-anyway/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Young Pioneer Tours |language=en}}</ref> |
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===In sport=== |
===In sport=== |
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[[File: |
[[File:Sigi Schmid Crew.jpg|thumb|[[Sigi Schmid]] wearing a football-style warm woollen scarf, in the colours of a team he coached, [[Columbus Crew]]]] |
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[[File:Portugiesische Fans bei der Euro 2004.jpg|thumb|Portuguese football scarves held in a coordinated 'Scarf Wall' display, [[Euro 2004]]]] |
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[[File:Liam Whelan tombstone.jpg|thumb|Grave of [[Liam Whelan]], [[Glasnevin Cemetery]], decorated with a [[Manchester United]] scarf. Football scarves often form part of memorials.]] |
[[File:Liam Whelan tombstone.jpg|thumb|Grave of [[Liam Whelan]], [[Glasnevin Cemetery]], decorated with a [[Manchester United]] scarf. Football scarves often form part of memorials.]] |
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Since at least the early 1900s, when the phenomenon of scarves began in Britain, |
Since at least the early 1900s, when the phenomenon of scarves began in Britain, coloured scarves have been traditional supporter wear for fans of association football teams across the world, even those in warmer climates. These scarves come in a wide variety of sizes and are made in a club's particular colours, and may contain: |
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* The club crest |
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This is usually accompanied by the singing of a club anthem such as "[[You'll Never Walk Alone (song)|You'll Never Walk Alone]]" at [[Liverpool F.C.]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/y=2016/m=12/news=you-ll-never-walk-alone-the-power-of-a-song-2861394.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222063107/http://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/y=2016/m=12/news=you-ll-never-walk-alone-the-power-of-a-song-2861394.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 22, 2016|title='You'll Never Walk Alone': The Power of a Song|publisher=[[FIFA]]|date=21 December 2016|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> or "Grazie Roma" at [[A.S. Roma]]. This was initially solely a British phenomenon, but has since spread to the rest of [[Europe]], [[North America|North]] and [[South America]]. Some clubs supporters will perform a scarf 'twirl' or 'twirly' in which a group of supporters hold the scarves above their heads with one hand, and twirl the scarf, creating a 'blizzard' of color. This is usually accompanied by a club anthem such as "[[Hey Jude]]" at [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]].{{cn|date=November 2022}} |
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* Pictures of renowned players |
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* Various slogans relating to the club's history and its rivalry with others |
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Initially, these two-coloured scarves were called granny scarves as the players' grandmothers knitted them. At some clubs, supporters will sometimes perform a 'scarf wall' in which all supporters in a section of the stadium will stretch out their scarves above their heads with both hands, creating an impressive 'wall' of colour.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2022 |title=Why Do Soccer Fans Wear Scarves - What is the Point? |url=https://thestadiumreviews.com/blogs/info/why-do-soccer-fans-wear-scarves/ |access-date=4 January 2023 |publisher=the stadium reviews.com}}</ref> |
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Scarf wearing is also a noted feature of support for [[Australian rules football]] clubs in the [[Australian Football League]]. The scarves are in the form of alternating bars of color, usually with the team name or mascot written on each second bar. |
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This scarf wall is usually accompanied by the singing of a club anthem, such as "[[You'll Never Walk Alone (song)|You'll Never Walk Alone]]" at [[Liverpool F.C.]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 December 2016 |title=You'll Never Walk Alone: The Power of a Song |publisher=[[FIFA]] |url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/y=2016/m=12/news=you-ll-never-walk-alone-the-power-of-a-song-2861394.html |url-status=dead |access-date=15 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222063107/http://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/y=2016/m=12/news=you-ll-never-walk-alone-the-power-of-a-song-2861394.html |archive-date=22 December 2016}}</ref> or "Grazie Roma" at [[A.S. Roma]]. This tradition was initially solely a British phenomenon but has since spread to the rest of Europe and [[North America|North]] and South America. Some club supporters will perform a scarf 'twirl' or 'twirly' in which a group of supporters hold the scarves above their heads with one hand and twirl the scarf, creating a 'blizzard' of colour. This is usually accompanied by a club anthem such as "[[Hey Jude]]" at [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]].{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} |
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==Gallery== |
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{{Gallery |
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Scarf-wearing is also a noted feature of support for [[Australian rules football]] clubs in the [[Australian Football League]]. The scarves have alternating bars of colour, usually with the team name or mascot written on each second bar.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} |
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||The famous Whovian scarf of the [[Fourth Doctor|fourth]] [[Doctor Who]]. |
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|File:Lautrec ambassadeurs, aristide bruant (poster) 1892.jpg|[[Aristide Bruant]] and scarf by [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] |
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Overall, the team scarves in football matches represent fans' loyalty and are an insignia, not a protective piece of cloth. They are usually about 3 to 5 feet long with a width of 6 to 10 inches. Scarf sales are an important part of the football economy throughout Europe.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guschwan |first=Matthew |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Football_Fandom_in_Italy_and_Beyond/xndyDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=wearing+scarfs+in+football&pg=PT77&printsec=frontcover |title=Football Fandom in Italy and Beyond |date=11 October 2018 |publisher=Rakuten Kobo |access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref> |
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|File:HelenGahagan Bain.jpg|Woman wearing a 1920s head and neck scarf. |
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|File:Otavalo Artisan Market - Andes Mountains - South America - photograph 035.JPG|[[Alpaca]] scarves at the [[Otavalo (city)|Otavalo]] Artisan Market in the [[Andes]] Mountains of [[Ecuador]]. |
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In football games, the supporters in the stadiums wear scarves (called "Scarfers") and shirts in club colours.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Redhead |first=Steve |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Football_and_Accelerated_Culture/b7gBCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=wearing+scarfs+in+football&pg=PA34&printsec=frontcover |title=Football and Accelerated Culture: This Modern Sporting Life |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |page=34 |access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref> |
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|File:Well-clothed baby.jpg|Baby in heavy winter clothing including a woollen scarf. |
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}} |
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==Manufacturing of scarves== |
==Manufacturing of scarves== |
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Knitting garments such as scarves is an important trade in some countries. Hand-knitted scarves are still common as gifts as well.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} |
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Printed scarves are additionally offered internationally through high |
Printed scarves are additionally offered internationally through high-fashion design houses. Among the latter are [[Burberry]], [[Missoni]], [[Alexander McQueen]], [[Cole Haan]], [[Chanel]], [[Etro]], [[Lanvin (clothing)|Lanvin]], [[Hermès]], [[Nicole Miller]], [[Ferragamo]], [[Emilio Pucci]], [[Dior]], [[Fendi]], [[Louis Vuitton]] and [[Prada]]. |
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The House of Hermès which made its first scarf in 1937, has produced more than two thousand different designs and still continuing with new designs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Coleno |first=Nadine |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Herm%C3%A8s_Scarf/3JedQAAACAAJ?hl=en |title=The Hermès Scarf, History & Mystiqu |publisher=Thames & Hudson |year=2010 |isbn=9780500515181 |page=Overview}}</ref> In the year 1937 itself the Hermès designed woodblock scarf made of Chinese silk was worn by [[Queen Elizabeth II of England]], [[First Lady of the United States|American First Lady]] [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis]] and [[Grace Kelly|Princess Grace Kelly of Monaco]].<ref name=Head/> |
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There are three basic scarf shapes: square, triangular and rectangular.<ref name="Perry, Patricia 1971"/> |
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There are three basic scarf shapes: square, triangular and rectangular.<ref name="Perry, Patricia 1971" /> the most common type is the square scarf which can be folded to form a rectangular or triangular scarf. A sash is usually a long and relatively narrow rectangle. The size of either can range from mini to maxi and anywhere in between. The style of the garment with which the finished scarf will undoubtedly make a difference, as will the way you will tie it.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Ponchos_Capes_Scarves_Stoles/MEVUAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=three+basic+scarf+shapes:+square,+triangular+and+rectangular&dq=three+basic+scarf+shapes:+square,+triangular+and+rectangular&printsec=frontcover |title=Ponchos, Capes, Scarves & Stoles: From Vogue Patterns |publisher=Butterick Fashion Marketing Co |year=1971 |page=26}}</ref> |
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==Gallery== |
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{{Gallery |
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||The famous Whovian scarf of the [[Fourth Doctor|fourth]] [[Doctor Who]] |
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|File:Lautrec ambassadeurs, aristide bruant (poster) 1892.jpg|[[Aristide Bruant]] and scarf by [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] |
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|File:HelenGahagan Bain.jpg|Woman wearing a 1920s head and neck scarf |
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|File:Otavalo Artisan Market - Andes Mountains - South America - photograph 035.JPG|[[Alpaca]] scarves at the [[Otavalo (city)|Otavalo]] Artisan Market in the [[Andes]] Mountains of [[Ecuador]] |
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|File:Well-clothed baby.jpg|Baby in heavy winter clothing including a woollen scarf |
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|File:Yellow scarf.jpg|Yellow scarf |
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|File:Young woman with a scarf on her head, after Bonsignori MET DP823775.jpg |Young woman with a scarf on her head |
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|File:President Ronald Reagan riding horses with Queen Elizabeth II during visit to Windsor Castle.jpg|[[Queen Elizabeth II]] wearing a headscarf with [[Ronald Reagan]], 1982 |
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|File:Hijabs.jpg| Women's headscarves for sale in [[Damascus]] |
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}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[ |
* [[Bandana]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Dupatta]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Headscarf]] |
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* [[Shawl]] |
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{{clear}} |
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* [[Yellow Scarves Rebellion]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Scarves| ]] |
[[Category:Scarves| ]] |
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[[Category:Winter clothes]] |
[[Category:Winter clothes]] |
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[[Category:History of fashion]] |