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'''SM U-79''' was one of the 329 [[submarine]]s |
'''SM U-79''' was one of the 329 [[submarine]]s serving in the Imperial German Navy ([[Kaiserliche Marine]]) in [[World War I]]. |
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U-79 was engaged in the [[Naval warfare of World War I|naval warfare]] and took part in the [[First Battle of the Atlantic]]. |
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In the [[Naval warfare of World War I]] the German Navy was never strong enough in [[dreadnought]] battleships to challenge the supremacy of the British [[Royal Navy]] in a decisive battle. So in most of 1915 and 1916 Germany acted with some dozen submarines available against Allied commerce shipping according to internationally agreed [[prize rules]]. German submarine warfare was always justified as a retaliation against the commercial [[Blockade of Germany]] by the British Navy. Sporadically the German Navy changed to [[unrestricted submarine warfare]], which always caused heavy frictions with the USA, the by far most important neutral nation (see the [[RMS Lusitania]] case, May 1915). |
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End of January 1917 Germany declared for a third time [[unrestricted submarine warfare]] against Allied and neutral merchant ships, hoping to starve out the British Isles with now 125 submarines available in a quick, decisive stroke. This finally provoked the hitherto neutral USA to declare war on Germany in April 1917. Until the end of 1917 the German Navy had de-facto lost the submarine war on commerce, primarily caused by the newly installed Allied [[convoy]] system of commerce shipping. |
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== Operations known to British Intelligence<ref>[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=3981615&j=1 National Archives, Kew: HW 7/3, Room 40, History of German Naval Warfare 1914-1918] (Published below - Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918)</ref> |
== Operations known to British Intelligence in WWI == |
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The following are recorded activities of SM U-79 known to [[Room 40| British Naval Intelligence, Room 40, 1914-1918]]:<ref>[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=3981615&j=1 National Archives, Kew: HW 7/3, Room 40, History of German Naval Warfare 1914-1918] (Published below - Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918)</ref> |
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"SM U-79. Kaptlt. Jess, to U-96 in January 1917, Kaptlt. Rohrbeck; then Kaptlt. Stevogt. Came off the stocks at Hamburg (Vulcan) in 1916, joined the Kiel School, where she is known to have been in July, and left Kiel for Wilhelmshaven about the end of July to join the 1st Half Flotilla. |
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*6th August - 26th August 1916. Went northabout, and laid 34 mines off the S. coast of Ireland. She missed by torpedo a special service vessel N.W. of Ireland on the night of 19th of August |
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*26th September - 14th October 1916. Northabout. Laid mines in the Firth of Clyde. |
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*21st December 1916 - 28th January 1917. Went via the Channel to west of Portugal and probably went through the Irish Channel on return journey. Sank 8 S.S., 1 sailing vessel. On the 24th January captured Norwegian S.S. NANNA and made her tow her to Danish coast. On the 26th submarine reported engine damage. |
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*1st April - 21st April 1917. Northabout. Laid mines in Inishtrahull Sound, but could not complete her task owing to engine damage. |
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*6th June - 4th July 1917. Northabout. Laid mines off Butt of Lewis. |
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*12th September - 15th October 1917. Northabout. Laid mines near Inishtrahull and in Rathlin Sound. Sank H.M.S. DRAKE off Rathlin Island on the 11th October (Note. This submarine returned by the Sound, instead of the Bight, in accordance with the general order of 10th October 1917). |
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*17th December - 20th December 1917. Left by the Bight, laid mines off the Dutch coast and returned to Bight. |
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*1st January - 5th January 1918. Same as previous cruise. Returned with compass defect. |
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*5th February - 9th February 1918. Was practising at Augustenhof Lighthouse (Baltic). |
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? |
*? 10th February - 19th February 1918. Mines off the Dutch coast. Out by Belts, back by Sound. |
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After this cruise she is mentioned as at Norderney on the 2nd May, and possibly in the Elbe on the 9th November. On the 21st November 1918 was surrendered at Harwich. |
*After this cruise she is mentioned as at Norderney on the 2nd May, and possibly in the Elbe on the 9th November. On the 21st November 1918 was surrendered at Harwich." |
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<small> |
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Note: S.S. = Steam Ship; S.V. = Sailing Vessel; northabout, Muckle Flugga, Fair I. = around Scotland; Sound, Belts, Kattegat = via North of Denmark to/from German Baltic ports; Bight = to/from German North Sea ports; success = sinking of ships |
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</small> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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== References == |
== References == |
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*{{cite book |title=Der Handelskrieg mit U-Booten. 5 Vols |last=Spindler |first=Arno |year=1932,1933,1934,1941/1964,1966|publisher= Mittler & Sohn. Vols. 4+5, dealing with 1917+18, are very hard to find: [[Guildhall Library]], London, has them all, also Vol. 1-3 in an English translation: The submarine war against commerce|location=Berlin }} |
*{{cite book |title=Der Handelskrieg mit U-Booten. 5 Vols |last=Spindler |first=Arno |year=1932,1933,1934,1941/1964,1966|publisher= Mittler & Sohn. Vols. 4+5, dealing with 1917+18, are very hard to find: [[Guildhall Library]], London, has them all, also Vol. 1-3 in an English translation: ''The submarine war against commerce''|location=Berlin }} |
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*{{cite book |title=Room 40: British Naval Intelligence 1914-1918|last=Beesly |first=Patrick |year=1982 |publisher= H Hamilton |location=London |isbn=978-0241108642 }} |
*{{cite book |title=Room 40: British Naval Intelligence 1914-1918|last=Beesly |first=Patrick |year=1982 |publisher= H Hamilton |location=London |isbn=978-0241108642 }} |
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*{{cite book |title=A Naval History of World War I|last=Halpern |first=Paul G. |year=1995 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1857284980 }} |
*{{cite book |title=A Naval History of World War I|last=Halpern |first=Paul G. |year=1995 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1857284980 }} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.u54.suedholland-ferienhaus.de/html/s_m__u_54.html Photos of cruises of German submarine U-54 in 1916-1918.] |
*[http://www.u54.suedholland-ferienhaus.de/html/s_m__u_54.html Photos of cruises of German submarine U-54 in 1916-1918.] |
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*[http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PY/269/see-the-film-the_enchanted_circle A 44 min. film from 1917 about a cruise of the German submarine U-35.] |
*[http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PY/269/see-the-film-the_enchanted_circle A 44 min. German film from 1917 about a cruise of the German submarine U-35.] |
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*[http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=79 Uboat.net:] More detailed information about U-79. |
*[http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=79 Uboat.net:] More detailed information about U-79. |
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*[http://germannavalwarfare.info/indexbr.htm Room 40:] original documents, photos and maps about WWI German submarine warfare and British [[Room 40]] Intelligence from [[The National Archives]], Kew, Richmond, UK. |
*[http://germannavalwarfare.info/indexbr.htm Room 40:] original documents, photos and maps about WWI German submarine warfare and British [[Room 40]] Intelligence from [[The National Archives]], Kew, Richmond, UK. |
Revision as of 21:38, 8 December 2009
History | |
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Kaiserliche Marine | |
Name | U-79 |
General characteristics |
SM U-79 was one of the 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) in World War I. U-79 was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic.
Operations known to British Intelligence in WWI
The following are recorded activities of SM U-79 known to British Naval Intelligence, Room 40, 1914-1918:[1]
"SM U-79. Kaptlt. Jess, to U-96 in January 1917, Kaptlt. Rohrbeck; then Kaptlt. Stevogt. Came off the stocks at Hamburg (Vulcan) in 1916, joined the Kiel School, where she is known to have been in July, and left Kiel for Wilhelmshaven about the end of July to join the 1st Half Flotilla.
- 6th August - 26th August 1916. Went northabout, and laid 34 mines off the S. coast of Ireland. She missed by torpedo a special service vessel N.W. of Ireland on the night of 19th of August
- 26th September - 14th October 1916. Northabout. Laid mines in the Firth of Clyde.
- 21st December 1916 - 28th January 1917. Went via the Channel to west of Portugal and probably went through the Irish Channel on return journey. Sank 8 S.S., 1 sailing vessel. On the 24th January captured Norwegian S.S. NANNA and made her tow her to Danish coast. On the 26th submarine reported engine damage.
- 1st April - 21st April 1917. Northabout. Laid mines in Inishtrahull Sound, but could not complete her task owing to engine damage.
- 6th June - 4th July 1917. Northabout. Laid mines off Butt of Lewis.
- 12th September - 15th October 1917. Northabout. Laid mines near Inishtrahull and in Rathlin Sound. Sank H.M.S. DRAKE off Rathlin Island on the 11th October (Note. This submarine returned by the Sound, instead of the Bight, in accordance with the general order of 10th October 1917).
- 17th December - 20th December 1917. Left by the Bight, laid mines off the Dutch coast and returned to Bight.
- 1st January - 5th January 1918. Same as previous cruise. Returned with compass defect.
- 5th February - 9th February 1918. Was practising at Augustenhof Lighthouse (Baltic).
- ? 10th February - 19th February 1918. Mines off the Dutch coast. Out by Belts, back by Sound.
- After this cruise she is mentioned as at Norderney on the 2nd May, and possibly in the Elbe on the 9th November. On the 21st November 1918 was surrendered at Harwich."
Note: S.S. = Steam Ship; S.V. = Sailing Vessel; northabout, Muckle Flugga, Fair I. = around Scotland; Sound, Belts, Kattegat = via North of Denmark to/from German Baltic ports; Bight = to/from German North Sea ports; success = sinking of ships
See also
Notes
- ^ National Archives, Kew: HW 7/3, Room 40, History of German Naval Warfare 1914-1918 (Published below - Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918)
References
- Spindler, Arno (1932,1933,1934,1941/1964,1966). Der Handelskrieg mit U-Booten. 5 Vols. Berlin: Mittler & Sohn. Vols. 4+5, dealing with 1917+18, are very hard to find: Guildhall Library, London, has them all, also Vol. 1-3 in an English translation: The submarine war against commerce.
{{cite book}}
: Check date values in:|year=
(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - Beesly, Patrick (1982). Room 40: British Naval Intelligence 1914-1918. London: H Hamilton. ISBN 978-0241108642.
- Halpern, Paul G. (1995). A Naval History of World War I. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1857284980.
- Roessler, Eberhard (1997). Die Unterseeboote der Kaiserlichen Marine. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe. ISBN 978-3763759637.
- Schroeder, Joachim (2002). Die U-Boote des Kaisers. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe. ISBN 978-3763762354.
- Koerver, Hans Joachim (2008). Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918. Vol I., The Fleet in Action. Steinbach: LIS Reinisch. ISBN 978-3-902433-76-3.
- Koerver, Hans Joachim (2009). Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918. Vol II., The Fleet in Being. Steinbach: LIS Reinisch. ISBN 978-3-902433-77-0.
External links
- Photos of cruises of German submarine U-54 in 1916-1918.
- A 44 min. German film from 1917 about a cruise of the German submarine U-35.
- Uboat.net: More detailed information about U-79.
- Room 40: original documents, photos and maps about WWI German submarine warfare and British Room 40 Intelligence from The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, UK.