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Revision as of 20:21, 17 December 2015
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Created by | Pat Patterson |
Promotions | WWE |
Brands | Raw SmackDown |
First event | Royal Rumble (1988) |
Signature matches | Royal Rumble match |
The Royal Rumble is a professional wrestling pay-per-view event, produced every January by professional wrestling promotion WWE.[1] The initial event, however, was not a pay-per-view but was originally shown as a television special on USA Network. The following year's event was the first Royal Rumble pay-per-view event. The first Royal Rumble match, which involved 20 wrestlers as opposed to the typical 30, was won by Jim Duggan. The event's main feature is entitled the Royal Rumble, a Battle Royal match whose participants enter at timed intervals.[2] The pay-per-view is a part of WWE's "Big Four", along with WrestleMania, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series.[3] The Royal Rumble has been classified as being one of WWE's most popular pay-per-view events.[4]
History
Match
The Royal Rumble is based on the classic Battle Royal match, in which a number of wrestlers aim at eliminating their competitors by tossing them over the top rope, with both feet touching the floor.[1][2][5] The winner of the event is the last wrestler remaining after all others have been eliminated.[1][4]
The Royal Rumble differs from the classical Battle Royal as the contestants do not enter the ring at the same time but instead are "assigned" entry numbers, usually via a lottery, although they can win guaranteed, desirable spots via a number of other scripted means, the most common being winning a match. This lottery is usually staged right before the event begins.[1] The match begins with the two wrestlers who have drawn entry numbers one and two, with the remaining 28 wrestlers entering the ring at regular timed intervals, either 90 seconds or two minutes, according to their entry number.[1] This format is credited to Pat Patterson.[6] To date, only four men who have been one of the starting wrestlers have won the Royal Rumble: Shawn Michaels, Vince McMahon, Chris Benoit and Rey Mysterio. The most common number to win is number 27. Alberto Del Rio won the only 40-man Royal Rumble match.
In 2000, The Rock was declared the victor, as the storyline intended. However, it was later revealed that his feet had actually touched before those of The Big Show. A singles match was held at No Way Out, the event following the Royal Rumble, to determine who got the Wrestlemania title shot against the reigning champion Triple H. and Big Show won with the help of Shane McMahon. Rock then defeated Big Show in a rematch in March on Raw with the help of Vince McMahon, which earned him a title shot and converted the match at WrestleMania into a triple-threat that was later made a four-way match when Linda McMahon inserted the recently retired Mick Foley into the match.
Although most eliminations are caused by active participants, eliminations caused by other means have occurred, and have been ruled legitimate, including self-eliminations (such as Andre the Giant jumping out of the ring after seeing a snake in 1989, Kane eliminating himself in 1999 and Drew Carey eliminating himself in 2001; however 1992's Randy Savage self-elimination was ruled illegitimate and he returned to the match), elimination from previously-eliminated participates (such as The Undertaker eliminating Maven in 2002, Kurt Angle eliminating Shawn Michaels in 2005 and Kane eliminating CM Punk in 2014) and elimination from non-participants (such as The Miz eliminating John Cena in 2011). Furthermore, if an injured wrestler is taken away by medical staff, he can return to the match as long as the match is still ongoing (such as Steve Austin in 1999), but if the match ends without the injured wrestler returning, he is deemed eliminated (such as Scotty 2 Hotty in 2005).
The reward for winning the 1992 Royal Rumble was the WWF Championship.[7] The tradition of granting a WWE Championship match at WrestleMania started in 1993.[8] Despite being introduced in late 2002, it was not until 2004 that a winner had the option to choose a match for the World Heavyweight Championship instead of the WWE Championship at WrestleMania.[8] With the revival of the ECW World Championship in mid-2006, the title became a third option for the winner to choose since the 2007 event.[9] From 2001 to 2007, the Royal Rumble match winner had gone on to win a World Championship title at WrestleMania.[10] After winning the 2008 match, John Cena became the first winner to use his championship opportunity at an event (No Way Out 2008) other than WrestleMania.[11] He also became the first since The Rock in 2000 to win the Royal Rumble match but fail to win the title in his championship opportunity as a result.
The Royal Rumble winner may also choose to put his championship opportunity on the line in a match. This was first done in 1996, when Shawn Michaels risked his WrestleMania XII title shot in a match against Owen Hart at In Your House 6. The second time was in 1999, when Stone Cold Steve Austin offered to forfeit his title opportunity to the Big Boss Man, who won third place in the Rumble (Austin was actually the runner-up in that rumble, but the winner—Vince McMahon himself—had voluntarily given up his title opportunity) if Vince McMahon could beat him in a cage match at St. Valentine's Day Massacre: In Your House, which Austin would go on to win. The third time was in 2002, when Kurt Angle convinced Triple H to put his WrestleMania X8 championship spot on the line at No Way Out, a match which Angle won. However, Triple H would later defeat Angle and regain his WrestleMania championship spot. The fourth time was in 2006, when Randy Orton goaded Rey Mysterio into putting his main event spot at WrestleMania 22 on the line at No Way Out, a match which Orton won. Mysterio was eventually reinserted into the main event at WrestleMania, making it a triple threat match, and went on to win the World Heavyweight Championship. On the February 25, 2013 edition of Raw, John Cena successfully defended his WrestleMania 29 WWE Championship opportunity in a match against CM Punk. On February 22, 2015 at Fastlane, Roman Reigns defended his WrestleMania 31 WWE World Hevyweight Championship opportunity against Daniel Bryan.
Five non-PPV Rumble matches have taken place. The first on January 17, 1994 at Madison Square Garden when Owen Hart last eliminated Fatu. The second took place on House Show at the Osaka Castle Hall in May 9, 1994, when The Undertaker last eliminated Bam Bam Bigelow. The third took place on Raw is War in 1999, known as the Corporate Rumble, when Chyna last eliminated Vince McMahon to obtain the 30th entry in the Royal Rumble that year. The fourth took place on Smackdown in 2004 when Eddie Guerrero last eliminated Kurt Angle to face Brock Lesnar at No Way Out for the WWE Championship. The fifth took place on Raw in 2011 when Jerry Lawler last eliminated Sheamus to face The Miz at Elimination Chamber for the WWE Championship.
Event
The Royal Rumble is a pay-per-view consisting of the Royal Rumble match, championship matches, and various other matches. The first Royal Rumble took place on January 24, 1988 and was broadcast live on the USA Network.[12] The following year, the event was rebranded as a pay-per-view.[13] It is part of WWE's "classic four" pay-per-views, along with WrestleMania, Survivor Series, and SummerSlam.[14]
The Royal Rumble match is usually located at the top of the card, though there have been exceptions such as the 1988, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2006, and 2013 events.[15] Due to the Rumble match taking up a large amount of time (most Rumble matches last roughly one hour), the Rumble event tends to have a smaller card than most other pay-per-view events, which routinely have six to eight matches per card.
The first Rumble match featured only twenty men,[16] and it was called the Rumble Royale.[12] It lasted approximately thirty-three minutes of the two-hour broadcast.[10] The modern Rumble matches are much longer, with the longest match, at the 2002 event, lasting over one hour and nine minutes of an approximately three-hour pay-per-view.[10]
With the brand extension introduced in mid-2002, the 30 entrants from 2003 to 2006 consisted of 15 wrestlers from both the Raw and SmackDown brands. At first, the winner of the match received a shot at their brand's champion.[17] Starting in 2004, the Rumble winner had the option of challenging any brand's champion.[8] For instance, Chris Benoit switched brands in 2004 and won the World Heavyweight Championship.[8] From 2007 to 2010, participants from the ECW brand competed along with the Raw and SmackDown brands, while the ECW World Championship became available for the winner to challenge for regardless of their designated brand.[9] During ECW's participation, the entries for each brand were not evenly divided.[18]
The 2011 edition is the only such match that has had a 40-man field as opposed to the traditional 30.[19]
The 2008 Royal Rumble was the first WWE pay-per-view to be available in high-definition.[20]
As of 2015, the 1992 Royal Rumble match is the only Royal Rumble contested for the (now) WWE World Heavyweight Championship itself, rather than a match for the title at WrestleMania.
Dates, venues, and winners
^ 1. This Rumble featured 20 participants.^ 2. This Rumble featured 40 participants.
Royal Rumble winner's WrestleMania championship matches
Record
Championship | Wins | Losses |
---|---|---|
WWF/WWE/WWE World Heavyweight Championship | 8 | 7 |
World Heavyweight Championship | 5 | 2 |
Total | 13 | 9 |
Winner | Event | Year | Championship match | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yokozuna | WrestleMania IX | 1993 | Yokozuna defeated Bret Hart for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship, but lost the title that same night in a match against Hulk Hogan. |
2 | Lex Luger | WrestleMania X | 1994 | Luger lost to Yokozuna by disqualification for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. |
2 | Bret Hart | WrestleMania X | 1994 | Hart defeated Yokozuna for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. |
3 | Shawn Michaels | WrestleMania XI | 1995 | Michaels lost to Diesel for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. |
4 | Shawn Michaels | WrestleMania XII | 1996 | Michaels defeated Bret Hart in a 60-minute Iron Man match (1:56 of overtime) for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. |
5 | Stone Cold Steve Austin | WrestleMania 13 | 1997 | On the Raw the night after the Royal Rumble, WWF President Gorilla Monsoon declared that Austin would not be receiving the title shot due to his having re-entered the match after being tossed out of the ring (which the referees did not see). An elimination match was signed for In Your House: Final Four pitting Austin against Bret Hart, Vader and The Undertaker. The winner was to receive the WrestleMania title shot but Shawn Michaels vacated the WWF World Heavyweight Championship three days before the event and the match was instead contested for the vacant title, which Hart won. The WrestleMania championship match pitted The Undertaker against Sycho Sid, who defeated Hart one night after he won the title, and Undertaker defeated Sid for the title. |
6 | Stone Cold Steve Austin | WrestleMania XIV | 1998 | Austin defeated Shawn Michaels for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. |
7 | Mr. McMahon | WrestleMania XV | 1999 | The following night on Raw, Vince McMahon announced that he filed paperwork to renounce all rights and privileges to his title opportunity to challenge then WWF champion, The Rock, at WrestleMania. After announcing this, WWF Commissioner Shawn Michaels invoked a rule which states that if the winner of the Royal Rumble is either unable or unwilling to face the champion at Wrestlemania, then the runner-up (Steve Austin) will receive all rights and privileges to that title opportunity originally afforded to the winner. Austin would then challenge McMahon to a steel cage match at St. Valentine's Day Massacre: In Your House with the stipulation that if McMahon wins, Austin would never challenge for another title again. McMahon accepted. Austin won via escape after a debuting Paul Wight threw Austin through the steel cage wall, breaking it. Austin would go on to Wrestlemania to defeat The Rock for the WWF Championship. |
8 | The Rock | WrestleMania 2000 | 2000 | Video footage later showed Rock's feet hit the floor first before runner-up Big Show. After multiple attempts to name a rightful No. 1 contender failed, both The Rock and Big Show were added to the main event along with Mick Foley to challenge the champion Triple H. Triple H was able to successfully defend the WWF Championship in a four corner elimination match. |
9 | Stone Cold Steve Austin | WrestleMania X-Seven | 2001 | Austin defeated The Rock in a No Disqualification match for the WWF Championship. |
10 | Triple H | WrestleMania X8 | 2002 | Triple H lost his WrestleMania title shot to Kurt Angle at No Way Out. The following night on Raw, Triple H won his title shot back and would defeat Chris Jericho for the Undisputed WWF Championship. |
11 | Brock Lesnar | WrestleMania XIX | 2003 | Lesnar defeated Kurt Angle for the WWE Championship. |
12 | Chris Benoit | WrestleMania XX | 2004 | Benoit won the Rumble as a SmackDown Superstar, but switched brands to challenge for the World Heavyweight Championship. Benoit defeated Triple H (c) and Shawn Michaels in a Triple Threat match for the World Heavyweight Championship. |
13 | Batista | WrestleMania 21 | 2005 | Batista defeated Triple H for the World Heavyweight Championship. |
14 | Rey Mysterio | WrestleMania 22 | 2006 | Mysterio lost his WrestleMania title opportunity to Randy Orton at No Way Out. SmackDown General Manager Teddy Long later added Mysterio to the World Heavyweight Championship match at WrestleMania, making it a triple threat match. At WrestleMania 22, Mysterio defeated Kurt Angle (c) and Orton in a triple threat match for the World Championship. |
15 | The Undertaker | WrestleMania 23 | 2007 | Undertaker defeated Batista for the World Heavyweight Championship. |
16 | John Cena | No Way Out WrestleMania XXIV |
2008 | Cena used his WWE Championship opportunity earned in the Rumble at No Way Out against Randy Orton. Orton remained champion due to disqualifying himself. A Triple Threat match for the WWE Championship was held at WrestleMania XXIV, also including Triple H. Orton successfully retains. |
17 | Randy Orton | WrestleMania XXV | 2009 | Orton lost to Triple H for the WWE Championship. |
18 | Edge | WrestleMania XXVI | 2010 | Edge lost to Chris Jericho for the World Heavyweight Championship. |
19 | Alberto Del Rio | WrestleMania XXVII | 2011 | Del Rio lost to Edge for the World Heavyweight Championship. |
20 | Sheamus | WrestleMania XXVIII | 2012 | Sheamus defeated Daniel Bryan for the World Heavyweight Championship. |
21 | John Cena | WrestleMania 29 | 2013 | On the February 25th episode of Raw, CM Punk challenged Cena for his number one contendership to the WWE Championship, in which Cena won and went on to defeat The Rock for the WWE Championship. |
22 | Batista | WrestleMania XXX | 2014 | Daniel Bryan defeated Triple H in the opening bout, with the stipulation being the winner earning insertion into the WWE World Heavyweight Championship match. Bryan defeated Randy Orton (c) and Batista in a triple threat match. |
23 | Roman Reigns | WrestleMania 31 | 2015 | Due to The Rock's interference during the match, The Authority ruled that Reigns would defend his title shot at Fastlane. Daniel Bryan defeated Seth Rollins for the right to challenge Reigns for the title shot at WWE Fastlane. After defeating Bryan at Fastlane, Reigns went on to challenge Brock Lesnar for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania 31. During the match at Wrestlemania, Rollins cashed in his Money in the Bank contract, converting the singles match between Reigns and Lesnar into a triple threat match. Rollins pinned Reigns to win the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. |
Royal Rumble records
Most Rumble victories
Wrestler | Royal Rumble wins | Year |
---|---|---|
Stone Cold Steve Austin | 3 | 1997, 1998, 2001 |
Hulk Hogan | 2 | 1990, 1991 |
Shawn Michaels | 1995, 1996 | |
John Cena | 2008, 2013 | |
Batista | 2005, 2014 |
Longest time spent in a single Royal Rumble
Top 20 individual longest times in a single Royal Rumble match. As of the 2015 Royal Rumble.
No | Wrestler | Time | Year |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rey Mysterio | 1:02:12 | 2006[88] |
2 | Chris Benoit | 1:01:31 | 2004[88] |
3 | Bob Backlund | 1:01:10 | 1993[88] |
4 | Triple H | 1:00:09 | 2006 |
5 | Ric Flair | 1:00:02 | 1992[88] |
6 | Mr. McMahon | 56:38 | 1999 |
6 | Stone Cold Steve Austin | 56:38 | 1999 |
8 | Kane | 53:46 | 2001 |
9 | Rick Martel | 52:17 | 1991[88] |
10 | The Rock | 51:32 | 1998 |
11 | Triple H | 49:55 | 2009 |
12 | Dolph Ziggler | 49:47 | 2013 |
13 | Rey Mysterio | 49:24 | 2009 |
14 | CM Punk | 49:11 | 2014 |
15 | Seth Rollins | 48:31 | 2014 |
16 | Randy Orton | 48:27 | 2009 |
17 | Chris Jericho | 47:53 | 2013 |
18 | Chris Benoit | 47:26 | 2005 |
19 | Bray Wyatt | 46:58 | 2015 |
20 | The Miz | 45:39 | 2012 |
(Note: Bold indicates the winner of that year's match.)
Longest cumulative time spent in Royal Rumbles
Only wrestlers who have spent more than 3 cumulative hours are shown. As of the 2015 Royal Rumble.
Wrestler | Time |
---|---|
Triple H | 3:51:32[89] |
Shawn Michaels | 3:42:30[89] |
Rey Mysterio | 3:20:01[citation needed] |
Kane | 3:20:00 |
Chris Jericho | 3:05:09 |
Shortest time spent in a single Royal Rumble
Only wrestlers who spent 10 seconds or less in a single rumble are shown. As of the 2015 Royal Rumble
Wrestler | Time | Year |
---|---|---|
Santino Marella | 0:00:01 | 2009[88] |
The Warlord | 0:00:02 | 1989[88] |
Mo | 0:00:03 | 1995[88] |
Owen Hart | 0:00:03 | 1995[88] |
Bushwhacker Luke | 0:00:04 | 1991 |
Jerry Lawler | 0:00:04 | 1997 |
Titus O'Neil | 0:00:04 | 2015 |
The Godfather | 0:00:05 | 2013[88] |
Gillberg | 0:00:07 | 1999 |
The Miz | 0:00:07 | 2007 |
Montel Vontavious Porter | 0:00:07 | 2010 |
Tazz | 0:00:10 | 2001 |
Non-eliminated wrestlers
In several events, wrestlers drawn to compete in the Rumble were not eliminated by going over the top rope but also did not compete in the ring, counting as 0 seconds. The situations include:
- The 1991 Royal Rumble where Randy Savage was drawn 18th but never showed
- The 1994 Royal Rumble where Bastion Booger was drawn 25th but never showed
- The 1998 Royal Rumble where Skull was drawn 22nd but never showed
- The 2004 Royal Rumble where Spike Dudley was drawn 13th and showed but was attacked by Kane
- The 2005 Royal Rumble where Scotty 2 Hotty was drawn 15th and showed but was attacked by Muhammad Hassan
- The 2015 Royal Rumble where Curtis Axel was drawn 6th and showed but was attacked by Erick Rowan
Most eliminations in a single Royal Rumble
Top wrestlers with most eliminations in a single match. Only wrestlers with at least seven eliminations are shown. As of the 2015 Royal Rumble.
Wrestler | No. of eliminations | Year |
---|---|---|
Roman Reigns | 12 | 2014 |
Kane | 11 | 2001[88][90] |
Hulk Hogan | 10 | 1989[88][91] |
Stone Cold Steve Austin | 10 | 1997[88][92] |
Shawn Michaels | 8 | 1995, 1996 |
Stone Cold Steve Austin | 8 | 1999 |
Hulk Hogan | 7 | 1991 |
Yokozuna | 7 | 1993 |
Diesel | 7 | 1994 |
Stone Cold Steve Austin | 7 | 1998, 2002 |
Rikishi | 7 | 2000 |
The Undertaker | 7 | 2002 |
The Great Khali | 7 | 2007 |
CM Punk | 7 | 2011 |
John Cena | 7 | 2011 |
Total eliminations in cumulative Royal Rumbles
Top wrestlers with the most eliminations. Only wrestlers with at least 17 eliminations are shown. As of the 2015 Royal Rumble.[93][verification needed]
Wrestler | No. of eliminations | Rumbles entered |
---|---|---|
Isaac Yankem/New Diesel/Kane | 43 | 18[88][94][95] |
Shawn Michaels | 39 | 12[96][97] |
Stone Cold Steve Austin | 36 | 6[88] |
The Undertaker | 35 | 10 |
Big Show | 30 | 10 |
Triple H | 28 | 8 |
Hulk Hogan | 27 | 4 |
John Cena | 22 | 7 |
Randy Orton | 19 | 7 |
Roman Reigns | 18 | 2 |
CM Punk | 18 | 6 |
Edge | 18 | 6 |
Batista | 17 | 5 |
Most Rumble appearances
Only wrestlers with at least 7 appearances are shown. As of the 2015 Royal Rumble.
Wrestler | Rumbles entered | First Rumble | Most recent Rumble |
---|---|---|---|
Isaac Yankem/Fake Diesel/Kane | 18 | 1996 | 2015 |
Shawn Michaels | 12 | 1989 | 2010 |
The Undertaker | 10 | 1991 | 2009 |
The Sultan/Rikishi | 1993 | 2004 | |
Goldust | 1997 | 2015 | |
Big Show | 2000 | 2015 | |
Mabel/Viscera/Big Daddy V | 9 | 1994 | 2008 |
Papa Shango/The Godfather | 8 | 1993 | 2013 |
Triple H | 1996 | 2010 | |
Chris Jericho | 2000 | 2013 | |
Booker T | 2002 | 2012 | |
Shelton Benjamin | 2003 | 2010 | |
The Great Khali | 2007 | 2014 | |
The Miz | 2007 | 2015 | |
Jake Roberts | 7 | 1988 | 1997 |
Rick Martel | 1989 | 1995 | |
Owen Hart | 1993 | 1999 | |
Billy Gunn | 1994 | 2004 | |
Hardcore Holly | 1994 | 2008 | |
Mark Henry | 1998 | 2011 | |
Matt Hardy | 2001 | 2010 | |
John Cena | 2003 | 2013 | |
Rey Mysterio | 2003 | 2014 | |
Randy Orton | 2004 | 2013 | |
Cody Rhodes/Stardust | 2008 | 2015 | |
Kofi Kingston | 2009 | 2015 | |
Dolph Ziggler | 2009 | 2015 | |
K-Kwik/R-Truth | 2001 | 2015 |
Diva entrants
Diva | Rumbles entered |
---|---|
Chyna | 2 (1999, 2000)[45][48] |
Beth Phoenix | 1 (2010)[76] |
Kharma | 1 (2012) |
Non-PPV Royal Rumble matches
WWE has booked several Royal Rumble matches outside of the Royal Rumble pay-per-view. The first took place on June 15, 1998, it was the only Tag Team Royal Rumble, for an opportunity for the New Age Outlaws' WWF Tag Team Championship, Kane and Mankind won the match. On January 11, 1999, Chyna won "The Corporate" Royal Rumble featuring members of The Corporation and D-Generation X, eliminating Mr. McMahon last. On January 29, 2004, SmackDown General Manager Paul Heyman scheduled a SmackDown 15-man Royal Rumble to crown a contender for Brock Lesnar's WWE Championship at No Way Out, which was won by Eddie Guerrero. On January 14, 2008, Mr. McMahon booked a mini-Royal Rumble, featuring midget wrestlers. Hornswoggle won the match. On January 31, 2011, the Anonymous Raw General Manager announced a Raw Royal Rumble to crown the contender for The Miz's WWE Championship at Elimination Chamber. Jerry Lawler won the match.
WWE also booked two Royal Rumble matches which were never televised, both of which occurred in 1994. The first, a 30-man Royal Rumble, was won by Owen Hart. The second, an 18-man Royal Rumble match, took place in Osaka, Japan and was won by The Undertaker.
Event | Date | City | Venue | Winner | Ref. | Note | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | House Show | January 17, 1994 | New York, New York | Madison Square Garden | Owen Hart | [98] | 30-man Battle Royal |
2 | House show | May 9, 1994 | Osaka, Japan | Castle Hall | The Undertaker | [98] | 18-man Royal Rumble |
3 | Raw | June 15, 1998 | San Antonio, Texas | Freeman Coliseum | Kane and Mankind | [98] | 10-Tag Team Royal Rumble |
4 | Raw | January 11, 1999 | Houston, Texas | Compaq Center | Chyna | [98] | Corporate Royal Rumble |
5 | SmackDown | January 29, 2004 | Washington, District Of Columbia | MCI Center | Eddie Guerrero | [99] | 15-man SmackDown Royal Rumble |
6 | Raw | January 14, 2008 | Mobile, Alabama | Alabama Civic Center | Hornswoggle | [100] | Mini Royal Rumble; all participants were midget wrestlers |
7 | Raw | January 31, 2011 | Providence, Rhode Island | Dunkin' Donuts Center | Jerry Lawler | [101] | 7-man Raw Royal Rumble |
Video box set
In March 2007, WWE released a complete DVD box set titled Royal Rumble: The Complete Anthology, which showcases every Royal Rumble event in its entirety, up to the 2007 Royal Rumble.[102]
See also
References
- General
- "Longest Pro Wrestling Matches". Internet Wrestling Database. Retrieved 2013-12-01.
- "Royal Rumble Statistics". MondayNightWarriors.com. Retrieved 2009-12-05.
- "Royal Rumble results". ProWrestlingHistory.com. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
- Eric Cohen. "Royal Rumble History". About.com. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
- Ian Hamilton (2006). Wrestling's Sinking Ship: What Happens to an Industry Without Competition. Lulu.com. ISBN 1-4116-1210-8.
- Ric Flair (2004). Ric Flair: To Be the Man. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-7434-5691-2.
- Brian Shields (2006). Main Event: WWE in the Raging 80s. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 1-4165-3257-9.
- Specific
- ^ a b c d e "Specialty Matches: Royal Rumble". WWE. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
- ^ a b Waldman, Jon (2005-02-02). "Statistical survival - breaking down the Royal Rumble". SLAM! Wrestling. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
- ^ Ian Hamilton. Wrestling's Sinking Ship: What Happens to an Industry Without Competition (p.160)
- ^ a b Dale Plummer and Nick Tylwalk (2006-01-30). "Mysterio claims Rumble; Cena reigns again". SLAM! Wrestling. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
- ^ "Specialty Matches: Battle Royal". WWE. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
- ^ "Hall of Fame: Pat Patterson". WWE. Archived from the original on 2007-11-24. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1992: Main Event". WWE. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
- ^ a b c d Cohen, Eric (2007-04-25). "The Fate of the Royal Rumble Winner". About.com. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
- ^ a b Hoffman, Brett (2007-02-05). "Tickets punched for WrestleMania". WWE. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
- ^ a b c "Royal Rumble: Facts & Figures". WWE. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
- ^ "Randy Orton vs. John Cena (WWE Championship match): A battle for redemption with 'Mania implications". WWE. 2008-01-28. Archived from the original on 2008-02-01. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
- ^ a b Ric Flair. Ric Flair: To Be the Man (p.161)
- ^ "Royal Rumble results". ProWrestlingHistory.com. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
- ^ Brian Shields. Main Event: WWE in the Raging 80s (p.166)
- ^ Dale Plummer and Nick Tylwalk (2007-01-29). "Old guard dominates Rumble". SLAM! Wrestling. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1988: Main Event". WWE. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
- ^ Powell, John (2004-01-26). "Benoit wins the 'Rumble'". SLAM! Wrestling. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
- ^ Louie Dee (2007-01-28). "A Phenom-enal Rumble". WWE. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 2011". WWE. Retrieved 2014-01-01.
For the first time ever, the Royal Rumble Match featured an unprecedented 40 Superstars...
- ^ Clayton, Cory. "How do I get WWE HD on my HDTV". WWE. Retrieved 2008-01-20.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1988 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1988 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1989 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1989 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1990 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1990 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1991 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1991 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1992 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1992 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1993 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1993 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1994 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1994 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1995 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1995 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1996 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1996 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1997 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1997 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1998 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1998 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ Powell, John (1998-01-19). "Austin wins predictable Rumble". SLAM! Sports. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 1999 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ a b "Royal Rumble 1999 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ Gramlich, Chris (1998-01-25). "Morrison wins Rumble, Rock champ again". SLAM! Sports. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
- ^ "Royal Rumble 2000 Results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ a b "Royal Rumble 2000 Main Event Synopsis". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ Powell, John (1998-01-24). "Rocky wins the Rumble, A bloody Triple H defeats Cactus Jack". SLAM! Sports. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
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Further reading
- Harley Race and Gerry Tritz (2004). King of the Ring: The Harley Race Story. Sports Publishing. ISBN 1-58261-818-6.
- Davies, Ross (2002). Kevin Nash. The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8239-3492-6.
- Meltzer, Dave (2004). Tributes II: Remembering More of the World's Greatest Professional Wrestlers. Sports Publishing LLC. ISBN 1-58261-817-8.
- Brian Fritz and Christopher Murray (2006). Between the Ropes: Wrestling's Greatest Triumphs and Failures. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-726-2.
- Steve Austin and Jim Ross (2003). The Stone Cold Truth. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-7434-7720-0.
- Scott Keith (2004). Wrestling's One Ring Circus: The Death of the World Wrestling Federation. Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-2619-X.