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[[File:Rope stretching.jpg|thumb|A rope being used to measure fields. Taken from the Tomb of [[Menna]], ''[[TT69]]''.]] |
[[File:Rope stretching.jpg|thumb|A rope being used to measure fields. Taken from the Tomb of [[Menna]], ''[[TT69]]''.]] |
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In [[ancient Egypt]], a '''rope |
In [[ancient Egypt]], a '''rope stretcher''' (or '''harpedonaptai''') was a [[Surveyor (surveying)|surveyor]] who [[Measurement|measured]] [[real property]] demarcations and [[foundation (architecture)|foundations]] using [[knotted cord]]s, stretched so the rope did not sag. The practice is depicted in tomb paintings of the [[Theban Necropolis]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n-4eWtgEXjoC&pg=PT282 |page=282 |title=Evidence and Procedures for Boundary Location |isbn=9780470901601 |last1=Robillard |first1=Walter G. |last2=Wilson |first2=Donald A. |last3=Brown |first3=Curtis M. |last4=Eldridge |first4=Winfield |date=31 January 2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons }}</ref> Rope stretchers used [[special right triangles#Common Pythagorean triples|3-4-5 triangles]] and the [[plumb-bob|plummet]],<ref>[http://www.petrie.ucl.ac.uk/search/main/textresult.php?objectname=plumb&find_location=&material=&period=&submit44=Search Petrie Museum website: plumbs]</ref> which are still in use by modern surveyors. |
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The commissioning of a new sacred building was a solemn occasion in which pharaohs and other high-ranking officials personally stretched ropes to define the foundation. This important ceremony, and therefore rope-stretching itself, are attested over 3000 years from the [[Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)|early dynastic period]] to the [[Ptolemaic kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWKYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 |page=98 |title=Architecture and Mathematics from Antiquity to the Future: Volume I: Antiquity to the 1500s |isbn=9783319001371 |last1=Williams |first1=Kim|author1-link=Kim Williams (architect) |last2=Ostwald |first2=Michael J. |date=9 February 2015 |publisher=Birkhäuser }}</ref> |
The commissioning of a new sacred building was a solemn occasion in which pharaohs and other high-ranking officials personally stretched ropes to define the foundation. This important ceremony, and therefore rope-stretching itself, are attested over 3000 years from the [[Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)|early dynastic period]] to the [[Ptolemaic kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWKYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 |page=98 |title=Architecture and Mathematics from Antiquity to the Future: Volume I: Antiquity to the 1500s |isbn=9783319001371 |last1=Williams |first1=Kim|author1-link=Kim Williams (architect) |last2=Ostwald |first2=Michael J. |date=9 February 2015 |publisher=Birkhäuser }}</ref> |
Revision as of 01:43, 16 March 2024
In ancient Egypt, a rope stretcher (or harpedonaptai) was a surveyor who measured real property demarcations and foundations using knotted cords, stretched so the rope did not sag. The practice is depicted in tomb paintings of the Theban Necropolis.[1] Rope stretchers used 3-4-5 triangles and the plummet,[2] which are still in use by modern surveyors.
The commissioning of a new sacred building was a solemn occasion in which pharaohs and other high-ranking officials personally stretched ropes to define the foundation. This important ceremony, and therefore rope-stretching itself, are attested over 3000 years from the early dynastic period to the Ptolemaic kingdom.[3]
Rope stretching technology spread to ancient Greece and India, where it stimulated the development of geometry and mathematics.
See also
References
- ^ Robillard, Walter G.; Wilson, Donald A.; Brown, Curtis M.; Eldridge, Winfield (31 January 2011). Evidence and Procedures for Boundary Location. John Wiley & Sons. p. 282. ISBN 9780470901601.
- ^ Petrie Museum website: plumbs
- ^ Williams, Kim; Ostwald, Michael J. (9 February 2015). Architecture and Mathematics from Antiquity to the Future: Volume I: Antiquity to the 1500s. Birkhäuser. p. 98. ISBN 9783319001371.
- Macintosh Wilson, Alistair (1995). The Infinite in the Finite. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198539506.
- The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica 1974
- James Henry Breasted Ancient Records of Egypt, Part Two, Chicago 1906
- Joel F. PAULSON, "Surveying in Ancient Egypt,", FIG Working Week 2005 and GSDI-8, Cairo, Egypt April 16-21, 2005. [1]
External links
- surveying instruments
- proportions "The knowledge of pleasing proportions of the rope stretchers was incorporated by the Greeks"
- Sangaku and The Egyptian Triangle