-- Draft creation using the WP:Article wizard -- Added article,infobox. #EveryBookItsReader Tag: Visual edit |
Submitting using AfC-submit-wizard |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Draft topics|literature|books}} |
|||
{{AfC topic|media}} |
|||
{{AfC submission|||ts=20240426161534|u=Jemecee02|ns=118}} |
|||
{{AfC submission|t||ts=20240426160116|u=Jemecee02|ns=118|demo=}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. --> |
{{AfC submission|t||ts=20240426160116|u=Jemecee02|ns=118|demo=}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. --> |
||
Revision as of 16:15, 26 April 2024
Author | Leila Aboulela |
---|---|
Language | English |
Genre | Prose |
Publisher | Groove press |
Publication date | March 7,2023 |
Pages | 320 |
ISBN | 978-0-80-216066-9 |
River Spirit
River spirit [1]a novel from New York Times notable author and Caine prize winner[2] Leila Aboulela[3] is a historical fiction narrative which takes place in 1880s Sudan. The novel tells the story of the time before Britain took over Sudan in 1898.It explores the conflict between Britain and Sudan,Christianity and Islam and those who ruled and those who were ruled…[4]
When Akuany and her brother Bol lost their parents in a village attack in South Sudan, they were taken in by a kind merchant named Yaseen. He promises to take care of them, and this promise connects him to Akuany as they grow up. As a new leader, called the Mahdi, starts gaining power in Sudan and challenging the rule of the Ottomans, everyone has to decide which side they are on.[5][6][7]
PLOT
The book begins with a prologue where Rahiba steps out of her hut and sets out to warn the Mahdi.As she moved a Shilluk warrior emerges from the shadows who was posted to prevent anyone from leaving the area before the planned surprise attack against the rebels.With spear in his hand she stiffens and drops the bit of sugarcane she was holding.She debates whether to fight or run? eventually she reaches for her knife and aims for his stomach.She could see her destination now and despite her injured foot, she continues towards her destination reaching by dawn passing those sleeping in the open air, makeshift tents, livestock, thatched huts— all typical of a new community filled with hope.She seeks out the person she came to see saying she would speak to no one else. Finally, she gets to relay her message…
Chapter 1
Akuany who understands the river like her own language.The river was a place to draw water ,wash and fish and set sail but for her, it was more.She was with Yaseen a young merchant from Khartoum and her brother (Bol)who was squatting near him.Yaseen who Akuany had always liked came from Khartoum to buy gum from her father.He came once a year after the rains stops and the roads dried.There was a thin line of smoke over the village which was more than a wisp which she saw but didn’t think much of it at first. A woman who was washing her clothes turned and saw the smoke and cried out.She grabbed her daughter and ran away.Yaseen who already knew the meaning of the smoke called her out but she didn’t listen.The three of them waited for hours at the river and spent the whole night at the river filled with fear.The next day, he went back to check the village on his own and came back with food.Akuany insisted on going back with him to the village this time.He agreed, but told her to close her eyes which she didn’t and eventually saw her father’s body lying flat in front of their hut speared to death.Yaseen helped in burying their father and decided to take care of them. They gathered what they needed and set out for Khartoum,travelling northwest away from the White Nile, circling the Nuba Mountains, heading toward the desert.On the outskirts of the village,they stopped at the hut of a woman who helped them with good food clothes and continued to travel.They got to the town of Al-Ubayyid where the merchant’s sister(Halima) lived with her husband Hassan an officer serving Gordon Pasha’s host, the local Turkish governor.They have five children who are all girls. “I want to keep the boy” Halima said but Yaseen insisted that he needs his sister and that he doesn’t want them separated.But she insisted they both stay and he would go with them to Khartoum when he visits again.They both stayed back at Al-Ubayyid.Bol was adored and was brought up by Halima as her child.He became Ishaq and started Qur’an school.They were well taken care of and Akuany learnt a lot from them.After several months,Yaseen came back.Akuany one night expressed her desire to go with him to Khartoum even without her brother but he suggested that staying in Al-Ubayyid was better for her.He told her that he would be going to Egypt to study.She insisted she would go with him and serve him but he told her she was too young to go with him.He was gone for fours years and within these years a lot of things happened.
Chapter 2
In Cairo,Egypt Yaseen is completing his studies at the most prestigious university of Al-Azhar.There are a number of people from Sudan like his friend Isma’il and many from Mauritania,Senegal and the lands of the warrior Usman Dan Fodio,India,China and from Islands that are farther away.He’s been there almost four years and to kill loneliness and protect himself, he married a wife and believed they were compatible but it turned out that he was mistaken.She told him that she would never leave her parents and follow him to Sudan after his studies.”The day you leave is the day you divorce me” she said. The passage depicts a man's experiences in Egypt and Sudan during a time of cultural transition and political upheaval. He observes the clash between Western influences and traditional Egyptian culture, the oppressive taxation system, and the injustices faced by the people. Despite his divided loyalty, he pursues higher education at Al-Azhar, eager to learn and understand his religion better. Upon returning to Sudan, he becomes a jurist and is tasked with investigating a self-proclaimed Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmed Abdallah. Meanwhile,the news of Akuany,a young woman he entrusted to his sister’s care was sold to the governor’s wife.Fueled by a sense of betrayal and duty,He confronts and rushes the governor’s house determined to reclaim her despite the obstacles The passages highlight last themes of loyalty,justice and the clash between tradition and modernity in a changing society.
Chapter 3
The passage describes the emergence of a new movement led by Muhammad Ahmed, known as the Mahdi, in Al-Ubayyid during the late 19th century. It begins with the introduction of a new zikr (chant) that resonates with the people, awakening a sense of hope and pride. The narrative follows a young man's experiences, including his disillusionment with the oppressive colonial rule of the Turks, his defiance against authority, and his eventual encounter with the Mahdi, who inspires him to join the movement.His background as the son of an ironmonger, his lack of interest in education, and his romantic pursuit of a girl named Buthaina are highlighted. Despite his aimless youth, he finds purpose and strength through his encounter with the Mahdi. The Mahdi's teachings about strength through independence from worldly desires resonate with him, leading him to leave Al-Ubayyid to join the Mahdi's movement in Jazira Aba. The Mahdi's humble demeanor and growing influence are depicted as he gathers followers from various tribes and regions.He becomes one of his loyal supporters, witnessing miracles attributed to the Mahdi and participating in rituals of allegiance. The passage ends with the Musa leaving for Jazira Aba, urging his friends to join him in embracing the Mahdi's cause.
Chapter 4
Akuany is spotted by the governor's wife, Nazli Hanim, while talking to cows in the market. Nazli takes an interest in Akuany and brings her into her household, renaming her Zamzam and subjecting her to a life of servitude.Initially, Zamzam enjoys some privileges, such as extravagant costumes and special treatment from Nazli. However, her life takes a turn for the worse when she breaks her arm and falls out of Nazli's favour. She is relegated to the company of other servants, where she finds solace in the kindness of Hadija and the guidance of Hibra. Despite the hardships, she maintains hope of reuniting with her merchant, Yaseen, who she believes will save her from her enslavement. Eventually, she seizes an opportunity to escape and reunite with Yaseen, but he refuses to take her with him citing his inability to take her with him on his current journey but promises to return later to free her.Zamzam's defiance leads to her punishment, but she remains resolute in her determination to be free.
Chapter 5
The chapter follows Yaseen who is seeking an audience with Muhammad Ahmed, who claims to be the Mahdi, in a cave where he is gathered with his followers. Yaseen, along with his friend Isma’il, is surprised by the number of people gathered there, including families who have travelled from afar to see Ahmed. They discuss their impressions and concerns about Ahmed's claims and his followers' fervent belief in him. The man is eventually granted an audience with Ahmed, who speaks to him about his past and questions his loyalty to the government. Ahmed asserts his divine mandate and threatens those who oppose him with consequences. The man and Isma’il leave the cave unsettled by Ahmed's claims and the fervour of his followers. They discuss their concerns about Ahmed's pronouncements and the potential consequences of his actions. Later, the man returns to Khartoum, where he receives news of a planned military expedition to confront Ahmed. Additionally, he faces pressure from his mother to marry a girl of her choosing despite his reservations.
Chapter 6
In Jazira Aba, Muhammad Ahmed, the Mahdi, prepares his followers for an imminent attack by the government forces. They rally tribes, prepare banners with Islamic slogans, and organise into groups. When the government forces arrive, they ambush them successfully, using guerrilla tactics and the element of surprise. Despite being outnumbered and outgunned, the Mahdi's forces emerge victorious, causing significant casualties to the government soldiers. After the battle, they retreated to Jebel Gadir in the Nuba Mountains to escape further retaliation. There, they establish a new community, governed by the Mahdi's strict laws and principles. The Mahdi encourages unity among his followers, emphasises hard work, and appoints new judges and leaders. The community prepares for future conflicts with the government forces, aiming to drive them out of Sudan. Throughout these events, the Mahdi's followers attribute their success to his divine guidance and consider their victories as miracles.Musa gets married and witnesses the implementation of strict laws under the Mahdi’s rule preparing for their eventual rebellion against Turkish authority.
Chapter 7
Fatimah reflects on her husband's potential marriage to a young girl from Tutti Island, comparing it to his father's relationship with a concubine named Bakhita. She recalls her difficult childbirth with her son Yaseen and the presence of Bakhita during that time, appreciating her assistance. Fatimah discusses her relationship with Bakhita, acknowledging her role in the household and her eventual departure after being freed by her husband. She struggles with Bakhita's absence but comes to understand and accept her desire for freedom. Despite missing her, Fatimah adapts to life without Bakhita, continuing to care for her family and reminiscing about her influence on their lives.
Chapter 8
Robert, a Scottish man living in Khartoum in the late 19th century, reflects on his life and experiences after losing his wife and artwork in a house fire. He works as a marine engineer, overseeing the construction and maintenance of boats in the Khartoum boatyard. Despite his grief and struggles with alcoholism, he finds solace in his work and gradually rediscovers his passion for art. He forms a relationship with Fatimah, a local woman who supplies him with art materials, and struggles with cultural differences and societal expectations as he tries to sketch local scenes and people. Despite facing challenges and temptations, Robert finds a sense of peace and purpose in his work and his new home in Khartoum.
Chapter 9
During the period of the Al-Ubayyid siege, Zamzam's life takes several unexpected turns. Initially, she awaits Yaseen's return, but upon learning of his marriage, she feels betrayed and abandoned. She eventually enters a semi-formal marriage with a drummer in the governor's compound. Despite the siege and the escalating conflict, Zamzam finds a sense of belonging among the women defending the town. Yaseen reappears, offering to take her away, but she refuses, feeling that he has come too late and has misunderstood her situation. As the siege continues, Zamzam and Yaseen's relationship deepens, finding solace and comfort in each other's presence amidst the chaos. Meanwhile, Halima, Zamzam's former mistress, defects to the enemy along with her family, causing further tension and uncertainty. Despite the hardships, Zamzam and Yaseen find moments of happiness and intimacy, cherishing their time together.
Chapter 10
Musa's experiences during the September 1882 to January 1883 period in Al-Ubayyid, Sudan. Musa witnesses the transformation of his community as they join the Mahdi's cause, facing both victory and defeat. He returns to his hometown as a victorious warrior, expecting to claim a woman who rejected him, only to face disappointment. Musa's loyalty to the Mahdi grows, and he becomes influential in the movement, even witnessing the Mahdi's mercy and justice toward former enemies. Despite personal setbacks, Musa finds pride and purpose in his new position.
Chapter 11
Yaseen describes his imprisonment under the false Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmed. He recounts the harsh conditions in the dungeon, forced labour, and the decay of justice and order under Mahdist rule. Yaseen struggles with the temptation to swear allegiance to the false Mahdi to save himself and reunite with his wife, Zamzam. However, he ultimately refuses and denounces the false Mahdi. Despite the hardships, Yaseen finds solace in his faith, prayers, and the hope of liberation by an Egyptian army led by General Hicks. However, this hope is shattered when a guide betrays General Hicks, leading to the defeat of the Egyptian army by the Mahdists.
Chapter 12
Zamzam's journey as part of the slave caravan to Khartoum is filled with despair, brutality, and uncertainty. She and the other captives are forced to endure unimaginable hardships, from being shackled and whipped to witnessing the death of fellow captives, including a pregnant woman and her newborn child. As they trudge through the unforgiving desert, Zamzam finds solace in memories of her past life and loved ones, particularly her dear friend Hadija, whose tragic demise weighs heavily on her heart.Despite the horrors surrounding her, Zamzam tries to maintain hope, clinging to the belief that somehow, someday, she will find freedom and peace. However, the reality of their situation is grim, with the constant threat of violence from the guards and the ever-present fear of being sold into a life of servitude or worse.As they approach Khartoum, Zamzam's anxiety grows. She knows that their fate lies in the hands of those who come to purchase slaves, and she fears what awaits her. When a man takes an interest in her, she is torn between hope and dread. His indecision only adds to her uncertainty, as she wonders whether he will choose her or if she will be left behind for someone else.Throughout it all, Zamzam remains resilient, determined to survive and find a way to escape the cruel fate that awaits her. She pleads with Hawa, a woman who shows some kindness, to take her under her wing, offering to work hard and obey her every command in exchange for protection. But even as she tries to secure her safety, Zamzam knows that her future is far from certain in a world where human lives are bought and sold like commodities.
Chapter 13
In the past year, Robert, an artist, has experienced a series of successes and challenges in his artistic endeavours. He has sold several watercolours, with one of them, "Felucca on the Blue Nile," already hanging in the prestigious Grosvenor Gallery in London. Two others are in private ownership, while "The Fort at Khartoum" is set to be displayed in a gallery in Bath Street. However, one of his paintings remains unsold, awaiting the verdict of the Fine Art Committee in Edinburgh. Additionally, he has sixty charcoal sketches with his agent, which he plans to develop into oil paintings upon his return to Scotland.Despite the physical discomforts of his environment in Khartoum, including dust storms and intense heat, Robert remains committed to his artistic pursuits. He works late into the night, battling insects and sweating profusely, but undeterred in his efforts to capture the beauty of his surroundings on canvas. His paintings must be carefully protected from dust and damage, often requiring multiple layers of wrapping and constant vigilance.Amidst his artistic endeavours, Robert grapples with social expectations and romantic interests. Despite being considered an eligible widower with admirers vying for his attention, Robert remains cautious about pursuing relationships, preferring to focus on his career. He navigates the complexities of social interactions in Khartoum, where European women are scarce, and romantic prospects are limited.As tensions rise in Khartoum due to the threat of the Mahdi, Europeans begin leaving the city, but Robert chooses to stay, determined to continue his artistic pursuits. He eagerly joins an expedition with General Hicks to confront the Mahdi, seeing it as an opportunity to capture the drama and intensity of war through his art. However, his plans are interrupted when he falls ill with dysentery, forcing him to return to Khartoum before the expedition's devastating defeat.Despite the setback, Robert finds a renewed sense of purpose in his recovery. He reflects on his survival and the potential for his artistic future, particularly in painting a portrait of a girl he encountered in Khartoum. This girl, whose name he struggles to remember, becomes the subject of his envisioned masterpiece, igniting his passion to create something truly extraordinary.As he recovers, Robert plans to paint the girl in oil, determined to capture her beauty and the essence of his experiences in Khartoum. Despite the challenges and uncertainties ahead, he is driven by his passion for art and the desire to leave his mark on the world of Scottish art, with aspirations of joining the ranks of renowned artists and achieving recognition in prestigious galleries.
Chapter 14
In Khartoum, during November 1883, Fatimah finds herself entangled in the complexities of her son Yaseen's imprisonment in Al-Ubayyid and his relationship with Zamzam, a woman who now belongs to another man. The mother's thoughts are consumed by Yaseen's precarious situation, knowing that at any moment he could be killed. She sits in silence as Zamzam mentions details about Yaseen that confirm she's speaking about her son, not just any other person with the same name.Fatimah observes Zamzam—a woman with soulful eyes and a vehemence in her speech—and feels a mix of emotions. While Zamzam claims to belong to Yaseen and no one else, Fatimah bluntly reminds her that she actually belongs to Robert, whether she likes it or not. Their interaction is tense, with Zamzam sticking out her lower lip in defiance.Indoors, Fatimah overhears Robert with a visitor, an important khawaja, discussing matters related to the expedition and the Mahdi. She listens intently, hoping to gather any useful information that could aid in her efforts to secure Yaseen's release. When the visitor, revealed to be the British consul, leaves, the mother plans to use the information to her advantage.Reflecting on Zamzam's connection to Yaseen, the mother finds herself puzzled. She fails to see anything particularly special about Zamzam compared to Yaseen's educated and highborn wife, Salha. Yet, Yaseen's attachment to Zamzam is undeniable, despite the world tearing them apart.As Fatimah leaves Robert's house, she feels overwhelmed by the weight of her son's imprisonment. She imagines Yaseen's presence with her, longing for his safety and return home. Despite her efforts to gather information and secure his release, doubts and fears gnaw at her.Nafissa, awaits her by the ferry, providing a channel for information exchange. Nafissa, despite her unconventional appearance as a groundnut seller, is shrewd and dedicated to the Mahdi's cause. Fatimah shares what she overheard from the khawaja and the British consul, hoping to leverage her efforts for Yaseen's sake.Returning to her familial struggles, Fatimah grapples with Salha's reluctance to return home with her after giving birth. Their strained relationship is exacerbated by Salha's education and independence, which make her resistant to the mother's pleas.Despite her frustration with Salha, Fatimah yearns for Yaseen's return and longs to see him hold his newborn son. She confronts Salha about her plans to attend a wedding in Berber, questioning her priorities while Yaseen's fate hangs in the balance.The tension between Fatimah and Salha reaches a boiling point as they argue about Yaseen's situation and the family's efforts to secure his release. Fatimah’s Frustration boils over, and she leaves, feeling helpless and torn between her desire to protect her son and her strained relationship with her daughter-in-law.As she contemplates whether to reveal Zamzam's whereabouts to Yaseen, Fatimah grapples with conflicting emotions and the uncertain path ahead. Despite her efforts and sacrifices, the road to Yaseen's freedom seems fraught with obstacles and uncertainty.
Chapter 15
Yaseen's daring escape from Al-Ubayyid marks the beginning of his journey back to freedom. With the help of his sister's husband, Ishaq, and his sister, Halima, he slips away under the cover of night, evading his enemies who have been softened by their own success. As they make their way through the darkness, Yaseen feels a mixture of fear and determination, knowing that his survival depends on reaching safety.Once free, Yaseen returns to Khartoum to a joyous reception from his family and friends. His mother slaughters a goat in gratitude, and the community gathers to welcome him home. Despite the warm embrace of his loved ones, Yaseen cannot shake off a sense of foreboding. He knows that their enemy is strong and growing stronger, while their own position remains precarious. Yet, others are optimistic, believing that help will come with the arrival of General Gordon.Separated from his wife and son, who are in Berber, Yaseen feels a profound restlessness. He longs to hold his child in his arms and share his burdens with his wife, Salha. Despite the love and care of his family in Khartoum, anxiety keeps him awake at night, and he finds solace only in his books and the smell of ink.Yaseen's search for Zamzam, the woman from his past, consumes him. Despite his mother's concerns, he implores her to help him locate Zamzam, convinced that she may be in Khartoum. Reluctantly, his mother agrees, but suggests that he go to Berber instead to bring back his wife and son.In Berber, Yaseen is reunited with Salha and meets his newborn son, Rustom. Despite his happiness at being with his family, Yaseen remains haunted by memories of Zamzam and his experiences in the south. He finds himself torn between his duty to his family and his longing for Zamzam, unable to shake off the sense of connection he feels to her.As Yaseen grapples with these conflicting emotions, General Gordon's arrival in Berber marks a turning point for Sudan. Gordon announces plans for Sudanese independence from Egypt and the Ottoman Empire, sparking hope and uncertainty among the people. Yaseen struggles to make sense of these developments, knowing that their future hangs in the balance.Upon returning to Khartoum, Yaseen learns from his mother that Zamzam has left with a British engineer. Despite this news, Yaseen cannot forget her, nor the memories they shared in the south. He finds himself drawn back to the waterfront, where Zamzam's love for the river once flourished.As Yaseen grapples with his feelings for Zamzam, his family, and the changing political landscape in Sudan, he realizes that his journey is far from over. He must confront his past and make difficult choices about his future, knowing that the path ahead is filled with uncertainty and danger.
Chapter 16
Musa, a loyal follower of the Mahdi, witnessed General Gordon's insulting gestures towards his master. Despite the temptation to seek revenge, Musa recalls the Mahdi's strategy of offering chances for reconciliation, even to his enemies. The Mahdi's government relocated outside of Al-Ubayyid to Al-Rahad due to overcrowding and limited water supplies. Musa reflects on his past, recalling the simple happiness of serving the Mahdi and the responsibility he was given to lead raids through the Nuba Mountains.As victories pile up for the Mahdi's forces across Sudan, Musa and others are granted permission to advance toward Khartoum. Accompanied by his family, Musa navigates the challenges of the desert, including evading government steamers and facing thirst.During their journey, tragedy strikes when Musa's daughter is killed by a stray artillery shell. Devastated, Musa buries her in the sand, but his wife's grief leads to a heart-wrenching scene as she repeatedly unearths the grave.Despite the loss, Musa presses on with the Mahdi's army, unable to linger at the site of his daughter's death. The conflict between his grief and his duty to the Mahdi weighs heavily on him as he continues his march towards Khartoum.
Chapter 17
Zamzam's life in Khartoum unfolds against the backdrop of the river, a symbol of solace and continuity of her existence. Having endured the harshness of the desert for years, Zamzam finds a sense of belonging and comfort in the flowing waters, which she sees as a timeless companion, always there to welcome her with its soothing presence. The river's gentle murmurs evoke memories of her childhood, filled with ancient tunes and songs that she only partially understands but finds solace in listening to.In contrast to the river's natural beauty, Zamzam finds herself entangled with an artist named Robert, whose paintings depict her in a stiff and objectified manner. Despite his claims of the value of his art, Zamzam feels disgusted by his invasive examinations and portrayal of her on canvas. She curses his paintings, finding satisfaction in unnerving him with her melodious and repetitive curses.Every morning, Zamzam visits the river to wash and dawdle, finding respite from her daily chores. Unlike her past experiences carrying heavy pots of water back and forth from the river with Hawa, life with Robert is more comfortable, allowing her time to herself. However, she still feels trapped in a cycle of serving him and enduring his objectifying gaze.During Robert's absence on an expedition, Zamzam enjoys a brief respite, but his return brings back his obsession with painting and his detachment from her. Despite Fatimah's advice to humour him, Zamzam feels increasingly disillusioned with Robert's wastefulness and lack of consideration for her feelings.Her encounters with Touma, who helps women in need, provide Zamzam with a glimpse of a different life, one where women support each other and find strength in solidarity. Touma's gatherings, filled with music, dance, and camaraderie, offer Zamzam a temporary escape from her struggles. ZamZam life takes a surprising turn when she learns that Yaseen, whom she thought was dead or imprisoned, is alive and married. This revelation shakes her to the core, raising questions about her past and her future. She feels torn between her longing for Yaseen, her desire for freedom, and her sense of duty to Robert.As Zamzam grapples with these conflicting emotions, she finds herself at a crossroads, unsure of where to turn next. The sudden death of Fatimah and the drying up of Robert's art supplies add to her turmoil, pushing her to reconsider her options. She contemplates running away, but ultimately decides to wait for a change, perhaps a haboob, to sweep away the stagnant aspects of her life.When Salha, Yaseen's wife, reaches out to Zamzam, offering her a place in their family, Zamzam is faced with a new opportunity for escape and redemption. As she reflects on Salha's privileged life and her own struggles, Zamzam begins to see the possibilities of a different future. However, her journey is far from over, and she must navigate the complexities of her relationships and the uncertainties of her own desires.
Chapter 18
Robert, a painter living in Khartoum in 1884, is deeply troubled by the damage done to one of his paintings—a portrait of a girl. The canvas, which he believes could have been one of his best works, now lies torn and ruined, stabbed by a knife. Despite its damaged state, Robert still admires the painting, recognizing the accuracy of the girl's features and the meticulous detail he put into it. He reminisces about the joy he felt while creating it and the care he took to protect it from the harsh weather conditions.The incident with the damaged painting affects Robert deeply, causing him to lose his motivation to paint. Even his work at the boatyard, where he had previously found solace in his art, becomes a struggle. His relationship with Zamzam, the girl responsible for the damage, deteriorates further, and he grapples with his anger towards her.Robert finds solace in memories of Fatimah, a friend who had supported him in his artistic endeavors. He recalls the techniques she taught him for making paint and the joy they shared in creating together. Despite the setback caused by Zamzam, Robert eventually finds the courage to pick up his brush again. He turns his attention to painting scenes of the bustling souq, hoping to find inspiration and escape from the turmoil around him.The tension between Robert and Zamzam escalates as she demands her freedom. Despite his initial reluctance, Robert eventually frees her, feeling both relieved and resentful. He replaces her with a young lad and resolves never to paint Zamzam again, feeling that she has tainted his creativity.Amidst the turmoil in Khartoum, Robert receives an unexpected promotion at work. Though tempted to leave, he decides to stay, driven by his commitment to his career and his longing to be reunited with his beloved Christina in Scotland. He continues to paint, finding solace in his art and the prospect of a better future.As the situation in Khartoum becomes increasingly volatile, Robert remains focused on his work, determined to fulfill his dreams and leave Sudan behind. He finds inspiration in the beauty of the city at sunset, planning to capture it on canvas as his next project.
Chapter 19
Charles Gordon, often referred to as Ghur-doun Basha, was a British military leader sent to Khartoum, Sudan, by the Egyptian government in 1884. His mission was initially to evacuate the city, but Gordon saw it as an opportunity to assert British influence in the region and prevent the advance of the Mahdi, a charismatic religious leader leading a rebellion against the Egyptian authorities.Gordon's arrival in Khartoum was greeted with enthusiasm by the people, who saw him as their potential saviour. He quickly got to work, making efforts to improve conditions in the city. Despite facing challenges from both the Mahdi's forces and the indecision of the Egyptian government, Gordon remained determined to hold onto Khartoum.As the siege of Khartoum intensified, Gordon became increasingly desperate for relief from Britain. He faced internal conflicts as well, including clashes with a Scottish engineer named Robert, whose views and behaviour irritated him.Despite Gordon's efforts, relief never arrived, and the city eventually fell to the Mahdi's forces. Gordon refused offers of safe passage and prepared for a final stand, determined to die rather than surrender.In the end, Gordon was killed during the fall of Khartoum, but his actions and determination left a lasting legacy. His stand against the Mahdi's forces became a symbol of British imperialism and colonial ambition in Africa. The failure to rescue Gordon also sparked outrage in Britain and led to a reassessment of its policies in Sudan.
Chapter 20
Yaseen goes to the waterfront in Khartoum. He reflects on the changes in the city, with steamers gone and food scarce due to hunger. He encounters a woman named Nafissa who tells him that his sister, Halima, has arrived in Omdurman. Halima who is now married to a follower of the Mahdi, the rebel leader. Nafissa gives him a letter from his friend Isma'il, urging him to join the Mahdi's cause. Yaseen struggles with the decision as he remembers his past and questions the rebellion's motives. Later, he discusses surrendering with Farajallah Pasha Zein and reflects on the religious implications of joining the Mahdi's cause. Ultimately, he tears up Isma'il's letter and returns home.
Chapter 21
Zamzam finds herself living in Yaseen's household, feeling out of place among his family members. She struggles to understand their customs and dynamics but works hard to fit in. She longs for Yaseen's attention but knows she doesn't have a rightful claim to him.Salha, Yaseen's wife, advises Zamzam to move on from her attachment to Yaseen, suggesting that he would need to marry her if she wants a future with him. Zamzam reluctantly accepts this and starts to focus on her new role as an assistant to a midwife. She learns about her own name's significance and finds solace in her work.As the city faces hardships due to a siege, Zamzam witnesses the deterioration of living conditions and the strain it puts on the family.When a threat from the Mahdi, a rebel leader, arises, Zamzam is sent to find the person distributing proclamations. She struggles to identify the culprit hurrying toward the river.She hadn’t found the culprit, hadn’t seen anyone who looked as if they had come from the Mahdi’s camp.Instead, the silky water. She had missed it and found solace in revisiting the river, where she once found comfort.
Chapter 22
Musa and his fellow warriors from various tribes converged on Khartoum, determined to siege the city. Their energy brimmed with anticipation as they envisioned the spoils of war, particularly the riches they hoped to find in Khartoum. Musa, curious about the layout of the city, embarked on a reconnaissance mission, disguised in unfamiliar clothes to blend in. As he walked through the streets, he felt a mixture of contempt for the luxury of the palace and determination to destroy it.Despite the Mahdi's orders to spare certain individuals, Musa remained resolute in his mission to capture Khartoum. When the attack commenced, Musa led the charge, galloping through the streets to reach the palace first.As he approaches, he swiftly kills two guards who stand in his way, one caught off guard and the other asleep at his post. Inside the darkened courtyard, Musa observes the flickering of lanterns and candles, the only sources of light amidst the shadows. Creeping on all fours, Musa ascends the stairs, his senses heightened by the anticipation of confrontation. He hears movement upstairs and braces himself as Gordon appears, gun in hand. Dodging the bullet aimed at him, Musa presses against the wall, assessing his next move. With the sounds of fighting echoing behind him, Musa realises Gordon is alone and vulnerable. Ascending into the light, Musa positions himself closer to Gordon, ready for any sudden movement. Despite the imminent threat, Gordon, in an act of contempt, gestures for Musa to stand up, a display of arrogance in the face of danger. Musa, undeterred, takes the opportunity to strike first, shooting Gordon before he can react.As Gordon stumbles backward, his sword drawn, Musa braces for a counterattack. In a moment of misstep, Gordon loses his balance and tumbles down the stairs, his own sword cutting him as he falls. Musa, seizing the opportunity, kicks Gordon's body as it comes to a thudding stop at the landing.Amidst the chaos, Musa overhears his comrades discussing Gordon's fate, expressing anger at his demise. Musa, wanting to avoid detection, peers over the side and observes two men examining Gordon's body, eventually decapitating him. One of them retrieves the head, likely to present it to the Mahdi as proof of their victory.Descending the stairs, Musa finds himself amidst a throng of fighters, their fervour fueled by the desire to tear down the palace. Outside, in the pale light of dawn, Musa observes men scaling the roof to remove the flag of the Turks. Among them, he spots the blind man in the Al-Azhar robe, untouchable in plain sight.However, Musa notices Yaseen among the unprotected figures, seizing the opportunity to denounce him as a traitor.
Chapter 23
Yaseen finds himself face to face with Musa in a crowded courtyard, unable to escape. Musa, fueled by anger over Yaseen's past actions, approaches him with a sword raised high. Yaseen, resigned to his fate, recalls memories of past discussions and intimacies, preparing himself for death. Despite his surrender, he clings to thoughts of his orphaned son and loved ones, entrusting them to divine care. As Musa accuses Yaseen of being an infidel, the crowd turns against him, echoing the accusation. Yaseen, defiant until the end, proclaims his faith, but Musa's fury overwhelms him. Musa grabs Yaseen, tears off his turban, and strikes him down with a sword, ending his life.
Chapter 24
In the midst of the Mahdist uprising in Khartoum, Zamzam seeks refuge with her family in Sheikh Amin's house. Salha displays remarkable bravery in confronting the invaders, while Zamzam herself flees in fear. Yaseen, is injured in the conflict and is nursed back to health by Zamzam and Isma'il. They plan his escape to Omdurman, where the Mahdi's forces have established control.In Omdurman, Yaseen is hidden in a pit for safety while Zamzam tends to him. They receive news that Salha and the other women have been taken as captives, but Salha reveals her fate may not be as dire as expected. She is likely to be married off to a high-ranking official in the new administration. This revelation presents Zamzam with a dilemma: whether to prioritise her own safety and that of Yaseen or to help Salha and her son Rustom.Despite her fear and uncertainty, Zamzam decides to help Salha and Rustom escape. She grapples with her loyalty to her family, her desire for safety, and her sense of duty to help others. Ultimately, she chooses to take action, setting in motion a plan to flee with Yaseen, Salha, and Rustom. As they prepare for their journey, Zamzam reflects on the larger upheaval in Sudan and the implications of the Mahdist victory for their future.
Chapter 25
Salha's letter to her son is a heartfelt narrative that delves into the depths of her emotions and the intricacies of her life in Sudan during a tumultuous period. In her letter, she articulates the complexities of her decision to send him away with his father and Zamzam, expressing both the agony of separation and the hope for his better future.Salha begins by expressing her love for her son and her agonising decision to send him away. She explains that she did so to ensure his safety and well-being, particularly due to the threats and discrimination he faced as an "infidel Turkish baby" in Khartoum. She recounts the signs and events that led her to make this difficult decision, such as her son weaning himself and the outbreak of smallpox among children.As she reflects on her son's departure, Salha also provides insight into her own struggles and fears. She describes the pain of being separated from his father and the profound impact of the divorce on her emotional state. Despite her initial doubts and fears, she sought guidance through prayer and interpreted various signs as validation of her decision.Throughout the letter, Salha paints a vivid picture of the political and social landscape in Sudan after the death of the Mahdi. She reflects on the rise of the new Khalifa and the changes taking place in Omdurman, including the dismantling of Khartoum and the establishment of a special souq for women. She expresses both frustration and resilience in the face of these changes, highlighting the ongoing struggle for independence and justice.Amidst these challenges, Salha also shares updates about her own life, including her marriage and her efforts to educate women in her community. She describes the difficulties she faces in her new family dynamic, including tensions with her co-wife and her mother-in-law. Despite these challenges, Salha remains committed to her role as a teacher and mentor, striving to empower women and combat ignorance.As the years pass, Salha continues to long for her son's return and remains hopeful for his safety and well-being. She celebrates his milestones from afar, cherishing the news brought by his uncles and eagerly anticipating the day when they will be reunited. Through her letter, Salha not only communicates her love and longing for her son but also provides a rich and detailed portrait of life in Sudan during a pivotal period of history.
Chapter 26
Christina's exploration of her father's hidden paintings took her on a journey through his artistic evolution and personal struggles. As she carefully unwrapped each layer of cloth, she uncovered not just canvases, but pieces of her father's life and legacy.The discovery of the early version of "Gordon's Last Days" was a revelation. It was a glimpse into her father's initial interpretation of the historic event, before public sentiment and political pressure influenced his final portrayal. She could feel the weight of history in the strokes of his brush, the emotions captured in the scene as if frozen in time. The painting held both the tragedy of Gordon's fate and the complexity of her father's artistic process.As she examined the painting, Christina couldn't help but wonder about her father's thoughts and intentions behind creating this alternate version. Was it a reflection of his own doubts and uncertainties about the events he witnessed? Or perhaps it was a bold artistic experiment, a departure from the conventional narrative to explore different perspectives.The presence of the nude Black woman painting added another layer of complexity to her father's legacy. It was a stark departure from the Orientalist themes prevalent in many of his other works. The woman's defiant gaze and powerful stance challenged Christina's understanding of her father's artistry. She grappled with the conflicting emotions stirred by the painting—discomfort, indignation, and a sense of betrayal.Destroying the painting felt like reclaiming her father's reputation from the shadows of controversy. It was a decision born out of love and respect for his memory, a gesture to protect his artistic integrity and preserve his legacy for future generations. Yet, it also left her with unanswered questions about the woman in the painting and her significance in her father's life and work.In the quiet solitude of the library, surrounded by the flickering flames of the fire, Christina found herself immersed in memories of her childhood with her father. She recalled the stories he told, the adventures they shared, and the bond they forged through his art. Each painting held a piece of their shared history, a testament to his talent and his enduring influence on her life.As she contemplated the decision to include her father's childhood sketches and watercolours in a retrospective exhibition, Christina felt a sense of responsibility to honour his legacy. These early works, created with love and devotion for his daughter, captured moments of innocence and imagination that contrasted with the weight of his later achievements.In the end, Christina's journey through her father's art revealed not only the complexity of his talent but also the depth of his humanity. It was a journey of discovery and reconciliation, of confronting the past and embracing the legacy that would endure long after the flames of the fire had burned out.
Chapter 27
Salha offers her condolences to Zamzam for the loss of her brother, expressing sympathy and sorrow over his martyrdom. She recounts the distressing circumstances leading up to his death, including the coercion by the khalifa's men to join the battle and the tragic fate of the wounded who were shot by the British. Salha describes the destruction of the Mahdi's tomb and the desecration of his body by the British forces. She reflects on the implications of British rule in Sudan, expressing concern about potential division and the influence of missionaries in the region. Despite the hardships, Salha holds onto hope for a better future and longs for the day when she can reunite with her husband, Rustom. She shares memories of her brother's wedding and expresses regret that Zamzam could not witness his joyous celebration.
CHARACTERS
Akuany
Akuany is orphaned in a slave raid, rescued by Yaseen, sold into slavery and renamed Zamzam. Her life is a quest for freedom and a new family.
Yaseen
Yaseen, a former merchant who becomes a jurist, faces danger due to his principled opposition to the Mahdi.
Musa
Musa" likely refers to Musa ibn Abdullah, a historical figure who played a significant role as one of the followers and supporters of Muhammad Ahmad, the Mahdi.
Fatimah
Yaseen’s mother
Robert
A Scottish ship engineer who stopped painting after the death of his wife died.He moved to Khartoum to work at a boatyard where he found his love for painting again.
Charles
Charles Gordon, also known as Charles George Gordon or simply Gordon, was a British army officer and colonial administrator.
Salha
Salha, Yaseen's wife,
Christina
Robert’s daughter
Isma’il
Yaseen’s friend
Bol
Akuany’s brother who later became Ishaq
Halima
The merchant’s sister who lives in Al-Ubbayid
Hassan
Halima’s husband. An officer serving Gordon Pasha’s host, the local Turkish governor.
Buthaina
Yaseen’s eldest niece
Hadija
An elderly woman who is a friend and mentor to ZamZam.
And other minor characters
SETTING
The setting is primarily in Sudan during the late 19th century, specifically in the city of Al-Ubayyid and on the journey from there to Khartoum. These locations are characterised by their arid desert landscapes, the presence of the White Nile river, and the oppressive atmosphere of war and captivity due to the Mahdist uprising. The passages depict a time of conflict, slavery, and hardship, with themes of survival and resilience amidst adversity.
References
- ^ "River Spirit". Grove Atlantic. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
- ^ "Previous Winners". The Caine Prize for African Writing. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
- ^ "Leila Aboulela | Author". leila-aboulela.com. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
- ^ Aboulela, Leila (2023-03-07). River Spirit. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-6066-9.
- ^ Majumdar, Megha (2023-03-07). "Amid Conflict and Cruelty, a Love Story That Endures". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
- ^ "River Spirit | Leila Aboulela". leila-aboulela.com. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
- ^ Koenig, Andrew. "River Spirit". Harvard Review. Retrieved 2024-04-26.