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{{nutritionalvalue | name=Raisins | kJ=1252 | protein=3 g | fat=0.5 g | carbs=79 g | sugars=59 g | fiber=4 g | calcium_mg=50 | iron_mg=1.9 | sodium_mg=11 | potassium_mg=750 | source_usda=1 | right=1 }} |
{{nutritionalvalue | name=Raisins | kJ=1252 | protein=3 g | fat=0.5 g | carbs=79 g | sugars=59 g | fiber=4 g | calcium_mg=50 | iron_mg=1.9 | sodium_mg=11 | potassium_mg=750 | source_usda=1 | right=1 }} |
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A '''raisin''' is a [[Dried fruit|dried]] [[grape]]. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, [[baking]] and brewing. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada the word "raisin" is reserved for the dark-coloured dried large grape,<ref>[http://www.kew.org/plants/festivefoods/raisins.html Kew Gardens explanation]</ref> with "[[Sultana (grape)|sultana]]" being a golden-coloured dried grape, and "[[Zante currant|currant]]" being a dried small [[Black Corinth]] grape.<ref>The Oxford English Dictionary entry at "currant" = "raisins of Corauntz n." (also called "raisins of Corinth")</ref> |
Raisins can bend over and suck it. A '''raisin''' is a [[Dried fruit|dried]] [[grape]]. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, [[baking]] and brewing. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada the word "raisin" is reserved for the dark-coloured dried large grape,<ref>[http://www.kew.org/plants/festivefoods/raisins.html Kew Gardens explanation]</ref> with "[[Sultana (grape)|sultana]]" being a golden-coloured dried grape, and "[[Zante currant|currant]]" being a dried small [[Black Corinth]] grape.<ref>The Oxford English Dictionary entry at "currant" = "raisins of Corauntz n." (also called "raisins of Corinth")</ref> |
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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
Revision as of 21:28, 10 January 2013
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
---|---|
Energy | 1,252 kJ (299 kcal) |
79 g | |
Sugars | 59 g |
Dietary fiber | 4 g |
0.5 g | |
3 g | |
Minerals | Quantity %DV† |
Calcium | 4% 50 mg |
Iron | 11% 1.9 mg |
Potassium | 25% 750 mg |
Sodium | 0% 11 mg |
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[1] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[2] |
Raisins can bend over and suck it. A raisin is a dried grape. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking and brewing. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada the word "raisin" is reserved for the dark-coloured dried large grape,[3] with "sultana" being a golden-coloured dried grape, and "currant" being a dried small Black Corinth grape.[4]
Etymology
The word raisin dates back to Middle English and is a loanword from Old French; in French, raisin means "grape", while a dried grape is referred to as a raisin sec, or "dry grape". The Old French word in turn developed from the Latin word racemus, "a bunch of grapes".[5]
Varieties
Raisin varieties depend on the type of grape used, and are made in a variety of sizes and colors including green, black, blue, purple, and yellow. Seedless varieties include the sultana (also known as Thompson Seedless in the USA) and Flame grapes. Raisins are typically sun-dried, but may also be water-dipped, or dehydrated. "Golden raisins" (called "sultanas" outside the USA) are made from sultana grapes, treated with sulfur dioxide (SO2), and flame-dried to give them their characteristic color. A particular variety of seedless grape, the Black Corinth, is also sun-dried to produce Zante currants, miniature raisins that are much darker in color and have a tart, tangy flavor. Several varieties of raisins produced in Asia are available in the West only at ethnic specialty grocers.
Nutrition
Raisins range from about 67% to 72% sugars by weight,[6] most of which is fructose and glucose. They also contain about 3% protein and 3.5% dietary fiber.[7] Raisins, like prunes and apricots, are also high in certain antioxidants, but have a lower vitamin C content than fresh grapes. Raisins are low in sodium and contain no cholesterol.[8]
New data suggest that, among individuals with mild increases in blood pressure, the routine consumption of raisins (three times a day) may significantly lower blood pressure, especially when compared to eating other common snacks, according to research presented today at the American College of Cardiology's 61st Annual Scientific Session.[9]
Toxicity in dogs
Raisins can cause renal failure in dogs. The cause of this is not known.[10] See the article on grape and raisin toxicity in dogs.
Sugars
Raisins are sweet due to their high concentration of sugars (about 30% fructose and 28% glucose by weight). The sugars can crystallize inside the fruit when stored after a long period, making the dry raisins gritty, but that does not affect their usability. These sugar grains can be dissolved by blanching the fruit in hot water or other liquids.
Grades of raisins in the US
- Grade A - The color is good, and the flavor is characteristic of raisins. These raisins show development characteristics indicative of the fact that they are prepared from well-matured grapes (containing no less than 80% water by weight). The processed raisins contain less than 19% moisture by weight.[11]
- Grade B - The color and flavor is reasonably good. These raisins show development characteristics that highlight the fact that the raisins were prepared from reasonably well-matured grapes at least 70% water by weight. These raisins also contain less than 19% moisture, by weight.[11]
- Grade C - The color and flavor are fairly good. These raisins show development characteristics of raisins prepared from fairly well-matured grapes containing at least 55% water by weight. These raisins also contain less than 19% moisture, by weight.[11]
- Substandard - Raisins that fail to meet the standards of Grade C.
See also
- Grape and raisin toxicity in dogs
- Snap-dragon, a Victorian parlour game that involved raisins being plucked from a bowl of burning brandy.
- Sun-Maid, a popular brand of raisins available in North America and the United Kingdom.
References
- ^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- ^ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154.
- ^ Kew Gardens explanation
- ^ The Oxford English Dictionary entry at "currant" = "raisins of Corauntz n." (also called "raisins of Corinth")
- ^ "Raisin". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
- ^ Albert Julius Winkler. General viticulture, University of California Press, 1962, p. 645. ISBN 978-0-520-02591-2
- ^ Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Raisins, seedless
- ^ Nutrition Experts & Dietitians » California Raisins - The Wise Choice
- ^ {{cite American College of Cardiology. "Snacking on raisins may offer a heart-healthy way to lower blood pressure." ScienceDaily, 26 Mar. 2012. Web. 29 Mar. 2012.}}
- ^ "Snopes.com:Raisins and grapes can be harmful to dogs". Retrieved 21 January 2011.
- ^ a b c Dried raisin
Further reading
- C. D. Wu, J. F. Rivero-Cruz, M. Zhu, B. Su, A. D. Kinghorn (2005). "Antimicrobial Phytochemicals in Thompson Seedless Raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) Inhibit Dental Plaque Bacteria". American Society for Microbiology meeting. June 5–9. Atlanta.
{{cite conference}}
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