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{{about|playing music in a pub|drinking alcohol in a pub|drinking session}} |
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{{short description|Making music while at a pub}} |
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[[File:Mulligans session.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Irish music enthusiasts gather at a pub to play and drink beer]] |
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A '''pub session''' ('''seisiún''' in [[Irish Language|Irish]]; '''seshoon''' in [[Manx Gaelic]]) refers to playing music and/or singing in the relaxed social setting of a [[public house|local pub]], in which the music-making is intermingled with the consumption of ale, stout, and beer and conversation. Performers sing and play traditional songs and tunes from the Irish, English, Scottish and Manx traditions, using instruments such as the [[fiddle]], [[accordion]], [[concertina]], [[flute]], [[tin whistle]], [[uilleann pipes]], [[tenor banjo]], [[guitar]], and [[bodhrán]]. |
A '''pub session''' ('''seisiún''' in [[Irish Language|Irish]]; '''seshoon''' in [[Manx Gaelic]]) refers to playing music and/or singing in the relaxed social setting of a [[public house|local pub]], in which the music-making is intermingled with the consumption of ale, stout, and beer and conversation.<ref name="Rough Guides 1999">{{cite book | title=World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East | publisher=Rough Guides | series=Music reference series | year=1999 | isbn=978-1-85828-635-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiTOcnb2yYC&pg=PA172 | access-date=September 17, 2018 | page=172-173}}</ref> Performers sing and play traditional songs and tunes<ref name="Rough Guides 1999"/> from the Irish, English, Scottish and Manx traditions, using instruments such as the [[fiddle]], [[accordion]], [[concertina]], [[flute]], [[tin whistle]], [[uilleann pipes]], [[tenor banjo]], [[guitar]], and [[bodhrán]]. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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Singing and |
Singing and consuming alcohol have been practised together from ancient times,{{when|date=September 2018}} but the written evidence is fragmentary until the 16th century. In [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s [[Henry IV, Part 1|''Henry IV'']], Hal and [[Falstaff]] discuss drinking and playing the "tongs and the bones". There are depictions of pub singing in paintings by Teniers (1610–1690) Brouwer (1605/6-1638) and [[Jan Steen]] (1625/5-1656). |
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=== 1800 to 1950 === |
=== 1800 to 1950 === |
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The 1830 Beer Act abolished the levy on beer and within a single year 400 new pubs opened and within 8 years there were 46,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oldcannonbrewery.co.uk/5.html|title=History|date=2007-01-10|access-date=2018-03-13|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110215128/http://www.oldcannonbrewery.co.uk/5.html|archivedate=10 January 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
The 1830 Beer Act abolished the levy on beer and within a single year 400 new pubs opened and within 8 years there were 46,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oldcannonbrewery.co.uk/5.html|title=History|date=2007-01-10|access-date=2018-03-13|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110215128/http://www.oldcannonbrewery.co.uk/5.html|archivedate=10 January 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The number peaked in the 1870s and declined after 1900. By the 1850s, an increasing number of student songs and commercial song-books were published across Europe. The most famous was the ''Scottish Students' Song Book'' by [[John Stuart Blackie]] (1809–1895). The mixture of traditional songs with hints of erotic humour continues to this day. The Irish tradition also benefited from the compilation of O'Neill's ''Music of Ireland'', a compilation of 1,850 pieces of Irish session and dance music, published initially by [[Francis O'Neill]] (1848–1936) in 1903. |
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One of the most popular drinking songs, "[[Little Brown Jug (song)|Little Brown Jug]]," dates from the 1860s. By 1908 [[Percy Grainger]] had begun to record folk singers, but not in their natural habitat—the pub. In 1938 [[A.L. Lloyd]] persuaded his employers at the [[BBC]] to record the singers in the Eel's Foot pub in Eastbridge, [[Suffolk]]. |
One of the most popular drinking songs, "[[Little Brown Jug (song)|Little Brown Jug]]," dates from the 1860s. By 1908 [[Percy Grainger]] had begun to record folk singers, but not in their natural habitat—the pub. In 1938 [[A.L. Lloyd]] persuaded his employers at the [[BBC]] to record the singers in the Eel's Foot pub in Eastbridge, [[Suffolk]]. |
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Each session has its own informal rules as to which instruments are acceptable and in what number. Some sessions may have a strict "'traditional' instruments only" rule whereas others will accept anyone who shows up to play with any instrument.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/marjorie-freimuth/an-outsiders-guide-to-a-d_b_9556002.html|title=An Outsider's Guide to a Dublin Pub Session|last=Freimuth|first=Marjorie|date=2016-04-18|website=Huffington Post|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-13}}</ref> The word ''traditional'' is used loosely as sessions themselves are a relatively recently revived phenomenon and some instruments considered 'traditional,' such as the [[bouzouki]] are in fact relatively new to the genres played at a session. It is wise to ask about what is expected at a particular session before bringing a non-'traditional' instrument. |
Each session has its own informal rules as to which instruments are acceptable and in what number. Some sessions may have a strict "'traditional' instruments only" rule whereas others will accept anyone who shows up to play with any instrument.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/marjorie-freimuth/an-outsiders-guide-to-a-d_b_9556002.html|title=An Outsider's Guide to a Dublin Pub Session|last=Freimuth|first=Marjorie|date=2016-04-18|website=Huffington Post|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-13}}</ref> The word ''traditional'' is used loosely as sessions themselves are a relatively recently revived phenomenon and some instruments considered 'traditional,' such as the [[bouzouki]] are in fact relatively new to the genres played at a session. It is wise to ask about what is expected at a particular session before bringing a non-'traditional' instrument. |
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Generally there can be an unlimited number of [[fiddle]]s, [[flute]]s, [[accordion]]s and [[tin whistle]]s. The [[bodhrán]] is common in Irish sessions, but many sessions prefer that only one person play the bodhrán at a time. [[ |
Generally there can be an unlimited number of [[fiddle]]s, [[flute]]s, [[accordion]]s and [[tin whistle]]s. The [[bodhrán]] is common in Irish sessions, but many sessions prefer that only one person play the bodhrán at a time. [[Uilleann pipes]] are common in Irish sessions, but the more commonly known [[Great Highland Bagpipe]]s are never used in a session, because they drown out other instruments. [[Mandolin]]s, [[banjo]]s, [[cittern]]s and [[bouzouki]]s are welcome in moderation. [[Guitar]]s and [[Appalachian dulcimer|dulcimers]] are frequently allowed in sessions without strict "'traditional' instruments only" rules. |
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== Etiquette == |
== Etiquette == |
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== Legal considerations == |
== Legal considerations == |
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⚫ | In England and Wales the [[Licensing Act 2003]] came into force in 2005. It could be interpreted as meaning that any performer would be obliged to give prior notification to police, fire brigade and environmental health. Following much lobbying by various groups, the law settled down to allow "spontaneous" events and religious events.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.randomdestination.co.uk/ChippenhamMorris/license.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-11-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515224528/http://www.randomdestination.co.uk/ChippenhamMorris/license.htm |archivedate=15 May 2006 |df=dmy-all }} License</ref> |
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⚫ | In England |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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*[[ |
* [[Irish traditional music session]] |
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* [[List of public house topics]] |
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*[[Irish traditional music session]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{ |
{{Commons}} |
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*[https://thesession.org/sessions thesession.org] |
* [https://thesession.org/sessions thesession.org] – Information about sessions world-wide. |
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*[http://www.uksessions.net/ UKSessions.net] |
* [http://www.uksessions.net/ UKSessions.net] – Music session in the UK. |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151130212506/http://www.musicalmakers.org/the-music-of-ireland/ The Tradition of the Pub Session] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151130212506/http://www.musicalmakers.org/the-music-of-ireland/ The Tradition of the Pub Session] |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pub Session}} |
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[[Category:Music events]] |
[[Category:Music events]] |
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[[Category:Drinking culture]] |
[[Category:Drinking culture]] |