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{{Short description|2022 U.S. prosecution}} |
{{Short description|2022 U.S. prosecution}} |
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| spouse = Saffrine Duggan |
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| children = 6 |
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Daniel Edmund Duggan is an Australian father of six who was arrested in regional NSW in October 2022 at the request of the United States government following a 2017 indictment filed during the Trump administration. The allegations in the indictment stem from work that Mr Duggan undertook from 2010-2012 whilst he was an American citizen. He is accused of training Chinese military pilots without the approval of the United States under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (IRAR) and is consequently facing charges of alleged Violations of the Arms Export Control Act, Conspiracy to Violate the Arms Export Control Act, and “money laundering” relating to the payments he received for the training. Duggan has denied the charges. |
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'''Daniel Duggan''' (1969) is a former [[U. S. Marine Corps]] pilot. He is an Australian citizen, and was arrested in October 2022 at the request of the U.S. government seeking his extradition based on charges of arms trafficking and money laundering. The U.S. government has accused him of training Chinese fighter pilots to land fighter jets on aircraft carriers and laundering money.<ref name="Guardian1"/> Duggan has denied the charges.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Ben |date=2023-03-25 |title=Daniel Duggan: investigation launched into imprisonment of Australian accused of training Chinese pilots |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/mar/26/daniel-duggan-investigation-launched-into-imprisonment-of-australian-accused-of-training-chinese-pilots |access-date=2023-03-27 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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Daniel Duggan is an Australian citizen and father of six Australian children. He is married and the family lives in a small town near Orange in regional NSW. Duggan is being held in maximum security solitary confinement at Lithgow Correction Centre.<ref>Lang, Adelaide,25 July 2023 "[https://www.news.com.au/national/nsw-act/courts-law/wife-of-extop-gun-pilot-slams-terrible-injustice-in-extradition-fight/news-story/866f86b4b45b7bd04f72d571d2eef308 Wife of ex-Top Gun pilot slams ‘terrible injustice’ in extradition fight]", News.com retrieved 2023-09-26</ref> |
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Daniel Edmund Duggan was a member of the United States Marine Corps where he became a fighter and instructor pilot during his service.<ref name=Formerpilotarrested>{{cite news |title=Former US pilot who worked in China arrested in Australia |url=https://apnews.com/article/europe-china-sydney-arrests-australia-e34a2e3e5cbc9e48d2907e8b83946dde |agency=AP News}}</ref> He spent 13 years in the Marine Corps until 2002, when he left with the rank of major.<ref name=Formerpilotarrested/> From 2005 to 2014, he lived in Australia where he founded Top Gun Tasmania, a business that offered clients joy flights on military jet trainers.<ref name=Formerpilotarrested/> During this time he also renounced his U.S. citizenship and became an Australian citizen.<ref name=expilotheld>{{cite news |title=Ex-U.S. pilot held in Australia faces U.S. charges over Chinese military pilot training |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/ex-us-pilot-held-australia-faces-us-charges-over-export-defence-services-china-2022-12-12 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> |
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Daniel Edmund Duggan was a member of the United States Marine Corps where he became a fighter and instructor pilot during his service. He spent 13 years the corps until 2002, when he left with the rank of major.<ref>McGuirk, Rod, 26 October 2022, "[https://apnews.com/article/europe-china-sydney-arrests-australia-e34a2e3e5cbc9e48d2907e8b83946dde Former US pilot who worked in China arrested in Australia]" AP News</ref> Duggan moved to Australia in 2002 and became an Australian citizen in 2012. He operated a joy flight business, Top Gun Australia. |
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In 2014 he moved to Beijing where he worked as an aviation consultant, selling Top Gun Tasmania in the process.<ref name=exclusiveformerpilotarrested>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Former U.S. military pilot who worked in China arrested in Australia, faces extradition |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/exclusive-former-us-military-pilot-who-worked-china-arrested-australia-faces-2022-10-25/ |agency=Reuters}}</ref><ref name=expilotheld/> While he was in Beijing, Duggan shared an address with Chinese businessman Su Bin who, according to two sources interviewed by Reuters, Duggan worked with.<ref name=exclusiveformerpilotsameaddress>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Former U.S. military pilot arrested in Australia listed same Beijing address as Chinese hacker |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/exclusive-former-us-military-pilot-arrested-australia-listed-same-beijing-2022-11-04/ |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Both men worked for a South African flight school called the Test Flying Academy of South Africa (TFASA).<ref name=pilotworkedforflyingschool>{{cite news |title=Former US military pilot arrested in Australia had worked for South African flying school |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/former-us-military-pilot-arrested-australia-had-worked-south-african-flying-2022-11-10/ |agency=Reuters}}</ref> According to an aviation source, Bin arranged for Chinese Peoples Liberation Army pilots to undertake TFASA training courses while Duggan trained Chinese pilots for TFASA.<ref name=pilotworkedforflyingschool/> The address that Duggan and Bin shared appeared on the U.S. Entity List in August 2014 and in 2016, Bin was jailed in the US for his role in a hacking case that involved the theft of US military aircraft designs.<ref name=exclusiveformerpilotsameaddress/><ref name=pilothighrisk>{{cite news |title=Ex-US pilot termed as 'high risk' prisoner in Australia |url=https://www.dw.com/en/former-us-pilot-classified-as-high-risk-in-australian-prison/a-63910816 |agency=DW}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Former U.S. Marine Corps fighter pilot accused of conspiracy for training Chinese military pilots |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/daniel-edmund-duggan-conspiracy-training-chinese-military-pilots-indictment/ |agency=CBS News}}</ref> |
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Daniel Duggan and his family spent time living and working in China. During this time Mr Duggan worked in China as an aviation consultant and undertook work with the Test Flying Academy of South Africa (TFASA). TFASA states the following about it services, “TFASA provides training to test pilots, flight test engineers, and basic operational instructor pilots under closely controlled security conditions. All training aspects and material are strictly unclassified, and provided either from open source or the clients themselves. No training involves classified tactics or other information, nor any frontline activities.” <ref>[https://www.tfasa.com/statement-regarding-media-reports Test Flying Academy of South Africa], (22 October 2022), retrieved 2023-09-26</ref> |
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Since 2017 Duggan had been general manager of AVIBIZ Limited, a comprehensive consultancy company with a focus on the Chinese aviation industry until its dissolution in 2020.<ref name=expilotheld/><ref name=exclusiveformerpilotarrested/> Duggan continued to work in China prior to his return to and arrest in Australia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Former U.S. military pilot arrived in Australia from China weeks before arrest - lawyer |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/former-us-military-pilot-arrived-australia-china-weeks-before-arrest-lawyer-2022-11-04/ |agency=Reuters}}</ref> |
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Mr Duggan returned to Australia in September 2022 and was arrested a month later in a supermarket carpark after dropping his kids off at school. |
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== Prosecution == |
== Prosecution == |
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=== Arrest, charges and detention === |
=== Arrest, charges and detention === |
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Duggan was arrested on October 21, 2022 in Orange, New South Wales pursuant to an American warrant for his arrest.<ref |
Duggan was arrested on October 21, 2022 in Orange, New South Wales pursuant to an American warrant for his arrest.<ref>Needham, Kirsty, 25 October 2022, "[https://www.reuters.com/world/exclusive-former-us-military-pilot-who-worked-china-arrested-australia-faces-2022-10-25/ Exclusive: Former U.S. military pilot who worked in China arrested in Australia, faces extradition]", Reuters</ref> The warrant was based on a December 2017 indictment which listed four charges against him: conspiracy to defraud the United States by conspiracy to unlawfully export defence services to China, conspiracy to launder money, and two counts of violating the arms export control act and international traffic in arms regulations. The indictment said Duggan did not seek formal approval from the U.S. government to provide military training to China despite the fact that the State Department had informed him by email in 2008 that he was required to do so in order train a foreign air force.<ref> Needham, Kirsty & Martina, Michael, 13 December 2022, "[https://www.reuters.com/world/ex-us-pilot-held-australia-faces-us-charges-over-export-defence-services-china-2022-12-12/ Ex-U.S. pilot held in Australia faces U.S. charges over Chinese military pilot training]", Reuters</ref> It also said Duggan worked with unnamed co-conspirators including one British national who was an executive of "a test flying academy based in South Africa with a presence in the PRC", TFASA denies the accusations, saying that all of Duggan's instructions were legal and followed international norms, adding that it followed a "code of conduct" to make sure that no material would be classified or considered sensitive from a legal or operational standpoint. Duggan also denied the accusations saying he had done nothing wrong and that he had taught civilian and not military test pilots.<ref>Doherty, Ben, 24 July 2023,"[https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jul/25/daniel-duggan-flight-school-where-former-us-marine-taught-says-syllabus-totally-unclassified Daniel Duggan: flight school where former US marine taught says syllabus 'totally unclassified']" The Guardian</ref> |
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No other pilots, management or instructors at the flying school have been charged with anything. |
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Duggan has been categorized as an Extreme High-Risk Restricted and Protection Non-Association prisoner, although according to [[The Guardian]] he has never been convicted of a crime anywhere in the world.<ref name="Guardian3" /> He is being held in a two-by-four-meter cell at Lithgow Correctional Centre.<ref name="Guardian3" /> A complaint filed by Duggan's wife and legal team with the United Nations human rights committee alleged that Duggan's imprisonment at a maximum security site was unjustified and was causing him severe psychological distress.<ref name="Guardian3">{{cite news |last1=Doherty |first1=Ben |title=Clinical psychologist warns Daniel Duggan’s detention conditions ‘extreme and ‘inhumane’ as wife launches U.N. complaint |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/feb/26/daniel-duggan-wife-of-australian-pilot-accused-of-breaking-us-arms-controls-lodges-complaint-with-un-over-inhumane-conditions |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=25 February 2023}}</ref> The complaint also alleged that Duggan was not receiving appropriate treatment for his "benign prostatic hyperplasia."<ref>{{cite news |title=Former US pilot Daniel Duggan's 'degrading' Australian prison conditions raised with United Nations |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-26/united-nations-investigate-dan-duggan-conditions-australian/102023992 |agency=ABC News}}</ref> The complaint included the testimony of a clinical psychologist who evaluated Duggan and characterized the circumstances of his confinement as "extreme" and "inhumane," and said that he was at risk of developing a serious depressive disorder despite having never suffered from mental health issues before.<ref name="Guardian3"/> |
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After Duggan's arrest, Britain's air force chief said intelligence agencies in Australia and Britain had shared information to warn pilots against working for Beijing.<ref>Reuters, 20th March 2023, https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/3/201664/Former-US-Marine-may-have-been-& , retrieved 2023-09-26</ref> |
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In March 2023, following a preliminary investigation into a complaint by Duggan over the legality of his incarceration, the [[Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security (Australia)|Australian Inspector General of Intelligence and Security]] began a formal inquiry into his detention. Duggan's legal team argued that an [[ASIO]] clearance for an Australian aviation security identification card was used unlawfully to entice him to return to Australia, where he was arrested. The use of such a lure is illegal under Australian law.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Duggan was categorized as an Extreme High-Risk Restricted (EHRR) and Protection Non-Association (PRNA) prisoner, although according to [[The Guardian]]<ref>Doherty, Ben (2023-03-25). "Daniel Duggan: investigation launched into imprisonment of Australian accused of training Chinese pilots". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-03-27.</ref> he has never been convicted of a crime anywhere in the world. He is being held in a two-by-four-meter cell at Lithgow Correctional Centre. |
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In a complaint filed with the United Nations human rights committee by Duggan's wife and lawyers, Duggan's imprisonment at the maximum security site was unjustified and causing him severe psychological distress.<ref>Doherty, Ben, 26 February 2023, [https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/feb/26/daniel-duggan-wife-of-australian-pilot-accused-of-breaking-us-arms-controls-lodges-complaint-with-un-over-inhumane-conditions "Clinical psychologist warns Daniel Duggan’s detention conditions ‘extreme and ‘inhumane’ as wife launches UN complaint"], The Guardian</ref> It also noted how Duggan was not receiving appropriate treatment for his "benign prostatic hyperplasia."<ref>Greene, Andrew, 26 February 2023,"[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-26/united-nations-investigate-dan-duggan-conditions-australian/102023992 Former US pilot Daniel Duggan's 'degrading' Australian prison conditions raised with United Nations]", ABC News</ref> The complaint included the testimony of a clinical psychologist who evaluated Duggan and characterized the circumstances of his confinement as "extreme" and "inhumane," and said that he was at risk of developing a serious depressive disorder despite having never suffered from mental health issues before.<ref>Doherty, Ben, 26 February 2023, [https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/feb/26/daniel-duggan-wife-of-australian-pilot-accused-of-breaking-us-arms-controls-lodges-complaint-with-un-over-inhumane-conditions "Clinical psychologist warns Daniel Duggan’s detention conditions ‘extreme and ‘inhumane’ as wife launches UN complaint"], The Guardian</ref> |
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The legality of Mr Duggan’s arrest is now the subject of an official Inquiry by the Australian Inspector General of Intelligence and Security after he was granted security clearance by ASIO prior to returning from China in 2022.<ref>McKinnell, Jamie (20th March 2023), “[https://amp.abc.net.au/article/102119002 Lawyers investigating if fighter pilot Daniel Duggan was 'lured back' to Australia by US authorities]”, ABC retrieved 2023-09-26 </ref> |
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===Extradition=== |
===Extradition=== |
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Duggan's attorneys are looking into if the U.S. "lured" him back to Australia with the help of Australian security services to extradite him.<ref |
Duggan's attorneys are looking into if the U.S. "lured" him back to Australia with the help of Australian security services to extradite him.<ref>McKinnell, Jamie (20 March 2023). [https://amp.abc.net.au/article/102119002 "Lawyers investigating if pilot accused of training Chinese military was 'lured back' by U.S. authorities"], ABC News. Retrieved 25 March 2023.</ref> One of Duggan's lawyer, Dennis Miralis, stated that while [[Australian Security Intelligence Organisation|ASIO]] gave Duggan a security clearance to acquire an aviation license in 2022 while he was still in China, that clearance was revoked a few days after he arrived in Australia. Duggan stated from prison that he risks "gross injustice" and a "cruelly long sentence" if extradited to the U.S., cautioning Australia against caving into the requests of "powerful countries."<ref>Doherty, Ben, 5 March 2023, "Daniel Duggan says he faces ‘gross injustice’ if extradited to US in speech from Sydney prison", The Guardian</ref> Duggan believes he will not receive a fair trial in America, where he risks up to 60 years in jail.<ref>Donnellan, Angelique, 25 July 2023, [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-25/daniel-duggan-speaks-from-australian-prison-cell-730/102639750 'Top Gun' pilot speaks from his Australian prison cell as he fights extradition to the US for allegedly training Chinese pilots], ABC, retrieved 13-09-2023</ref> |
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Another of Duggan’s lawyers Bernard Collaery said he believed the charges were politically motivated amid tensions between the United States and China. He claimed Australia, as an ally of the US, had a conflict of interest.<ref>Donnellan, Angelique, 25 July 2023, [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-25/daniel-duggan-speaks-from-australian-prison-cell-730/102639750 'Top Gun' pilot speaks from his Australian prison cell as he fights extradition to the US for allegedly training Chinese pilots], ABC, retrieved 13-09-2023</ref> |
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"So far as China is concerned, we were conducting joint military exercises at sea between the Royal Australian Navy, and the PLA (People's Liberation Army) Navy at a time (2010) when Dan Duggan is accused of, as it were, consorting with the enemy. It's double-standard. It's hypocrisy," he said.<ref>Donnellan, Angelique, 25 July 2023, [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-25/daniel-duggan-speaks-from-australian-prison-cell-730/102639750 'Top Gun' pilot speaks from his Australian prison cell as he fights extradition to the US for allegedly training Chinese pilots], ABC, retrieved 13-09-2023</ref> |
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"You must agree it makes a good show trial in Washington where the United States system is known for it. If Australia does extradite him we're liable to see him become a pawn in this China game. It is very worrying."<ref>Donnellan, Angelique, 25 July 2023, [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-25/daniel-duggan-speaks-from-australian-prison-cell-730/102639750 'Top Gun' pilot speaks from his Australian prison cell as he fights extradition to the US for allegedly training Chinese pilots], ABC, retrieved 13-09-2023</ref> |
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Duggan’s King’s Council Bret Walker told the magistrate’s court in Sydney in July 2023 the case was unique and may be of a political character. Extradition can be challenged on several grounds, including by arguing a person is being extradited to face a political offence. “There’s been no case of this kind argued or decided before,” Mr Walker said.<ref>Mitchell, Georgina, 25 July 2023, [https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/jailed-pilot-will-rely-on-novel-defence-never-used-in-australia-20230725-p5dr4p.html "Jailed pilot will rely on novel defence never used in Australia]" Sydeny Morning Herald</ref> |
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==Other developments== |
==Other developments== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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[[Category:1969 births]] |
[[Category:1969 births]] |
Revision as of 21:48, 23 October 2023
Daniel Duggan | |
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Born | 1969 (age 54–55) |
Citizenship | Australian |
Occupation | Retired U.S. Marine Corps pilot |
Spouse | Saffrine Duggan |
Children | 6 children |
Daniel Edmund Duggan is an Australian father of six who was arrested in regional NSW in October 2022 at the request of the United States government following a 2017 indictment filed during the Trump administration. The allegations in the indictment stem from work that Mr Duggan undertook from 2010-2012 whilst he was an American citizen. He is accused of training Chinese military pilots without the approval of the United States under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (IRAR) and is consequently facing charges of alleged Violations of the Arms Export Control Act, Conspiracy to Violate the Arms Export Control Act, and “money laundering” relating to the payments he received for the training. Duggan has denied the charges.
Background
Daniel Duggan is an Australian citizen and father of six Australian children. He is married and the family lives in a small town near Orange in regional NSW. Duggan is being held in maximum security solitary confinement at Lithgow Correction Centre.[1]
Daniel Edmund Duggan was a member of the United States Marine Corps where he became a fighter and instructor pilot during his service. He spent 13 years the corps until 2002, when he left with the rank of major.[2] Duggan moved to Australia in 2002 and became an Australian citizen in 2012. He operated a joy flight business, Top Gun Australia.
Daniel Duggan and his family spent time living and working in China. During this time Mr Duggan worked in China as an aviation consultant and undertook work with the Test Flying Academy of South Africa (TFASA). TFASA states the following about it services, “TFASA provides training to test pilots, flight test engineers, and basic operational instructor pilots under closely controlled security conditions. All training aspects and material are strictly unclassified, and provided either from open source or the clients themselves. No training involves classified tactics or other information, nor any frontline activities.” [3]
Mr Duggan returned to Australia in September 2022 and was arrested a month later in a supermarket carpark after dropping his kids off at school.
Prosecution
Arrest, charges and detention
Duggan was arrested on October 21, 2022 in Orange, New South Wales pursuant to an American warrant for his arrest.[4] The warrant was based on a December 2017 indictment which listed four charges against him: conspiracy to defraud the United States by conspiracy to unlawfully export defence services to China, conspiracy to launder money, and two counts of violating the arms export control act and international traffic in arms regulations. The indictment said Duggan did not seek formal approval from the U.S. government to provide military training to China despite the fact that the State Department had informed him by email in 2008 that he was required to do so in order train a foreign air force.[5] It also said Duggan worked with unnamed co-conspirators including one British national who was an executive of "a test flying academy based in South Africa with a presence in the PRC", TFASA denies the accusations, saying that all of Duggan's instructions were legal and followed international norms, adding that it followed a "code of conduct" to make sure that no material would be classified or considered sensitive from a legal or operational standpoint. Duggan also denied the accusations saying he had done nothing wrong and that he had taught civilian and not military test pilots.[6]
No other pilots, management or instructors at the flying school have been charged with anything.
After Duggan's arrest, Britain's air force chief said intelligence agencies in Australia and Britain had shared information to warn pilots against working for Beijing.[7]
Duggan was categorized as an Extreme High-Risk Restricted (EHRR) and Protection Non-Association (PRNA) prisoner, although according to The Guardian[8] he has never been convicted of a crime anywhere in the world. He is being held in a two-by-four-meter cell at Lithgow Correctional Centre.
In a complaint filed with the United Nations human rights committee by Duggan's wife and lawyers, Duggan's imprisonment at the maximum security site was unjustified and causing him severe psychological distress.[9] It also noted how Duggan was not receiving appropriate treatment for his "benign prostatic hyperplasia."[10] The complaint included the testimony of a clinical psychologist who evaluated Duggan and characterized the circumstances of his confinement as "extreme" and "inhumane," and said that he was at risk of developing a serious depressive disorder despite having never suffered from mental health issues before.[11]
The legality of Mr Duggan’s arrest is now the subject of an official Inquiry by the Australian Inspector General of Intelligence and Security after he was granted security clearance by ASIO prior to returning from China in 2022.[12]
Extradition
Duggan's attorneys are looking into if the U.S. "lured" him back to Australia with the help of Australian security services to extradite him.[13] One of Duggan's lawyer, Dennis Miralis, stated that while ASIO gave Duggan a security clearance to acquire an aviation license in 2022 while he was still in China, that clearance was revoked a few days after he arrived in Australia. Duggan stated from prison that he risks "gross injustice" and a "cruelly long sentence" if extradited to the U.S., cautioning Australia against caving into the requests of "powerful countries."[14] Duggan believes he will not receive a fair trial in America, where he risks up to 60 years in jail.[15]
Another of Duggan’s lawyers Bernard Collaery said he believed the charges were politically motivated amid tensions between the United States and China. He claimed Australia, as an ally of the US, had a conflict of interest.[16]
"So far as China is concerned, we were conducting joint military exercises at sea between the Royal Australian Navy, and the PLA (People's Liberation Army) Navy at a time (2010) when Dan Duggan is accused of, as it were, consorting with the enemy. It's double-standard. It's hypocrisy," he said.[17]
"You must agree it makes a good show trial in Washington where the United States system is known for it. If Australia does extradite him we're liable to see him become a pawn in this China game. It is very worrying."[18]
Duggan’s King’s Council Bret Walker told the magistrate’s court in Sydney in July 2023 the case was unique and may be of a political character. Extradition can be challenged on several grounds, including by arguing a person is being extradited to face a political offence. “There’s been no case of this kind argued or decided before,” Mr Walker said.[19]
Other developments
In September 2023, Defence Minister Richard Marles announced that he would introduce laws into the Australian parliament to prevent Australian military personnel being recruited by other countries.[20]
References
- ^ Lang, Adelaide,25 July 2023 "Wife of ex-Top Gun pilot slams ‘terrible injustice’ in extradition fight", News.com retrieved 2023-09-26
- ^ McGuirk, Rod, 26 October 2022, "Former US pilot who worked in China arrested in Australia" AP News
- ^ Test Flying Academy of South Africa, (22 October 2022), retrieved 2023-09-26
- ^ Needham, Kirsty, 25 October 2022, "Exclusive: Former U.S. military pilot who worked in China arrested in Australia, faces extradition", Reuters
- ^ Needham, Kirsty & Martina, Michael, 13 December 2022, "Ex-U.S. pilot held in Australia faces U.S. charges over Chinese military pilot training", Reuters
- ^ Doherty, Ben, 24 July 2023,"Daniel Duggan: flight school where former US marine taught says syllabus 'totally unclassified'" The Guardian
- ^ Reuters, 20th March 2023, https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/3/201664/Former-US-Marine-may-have-been-& , retrieved 2023-09-26
- ^ Doherty, Ben (2023-03-25). "Daniel Duggan: investigation launched into imprisonment of Australian accused of training Chinese pilots". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Doherty, Ben, 26 February 2023, "Clinical psychologist warns Daniel Duggan’s detention conditions ‘extreme and ‘inhumane’ as wife launches UN complaint", The Guardian
- ^ Greene, Andrew, 26 February 2023,"Former US pilot Daniel Duggan's 'degrading' Australian prison conditions raised with United Nations", ABC News
- ^ Doherty, Ben, 26 February 2023, "Clinical psychologist warns Daniel Duggan’s detention conditions ‘extreme and ‘inhumane’ as wife launches UN complaint", The Guardian
- ^ McKinnell, Jamie (20th March 2023), “Lawyers investigating if fighter pilot Daniel Duggan was 'lured back' to Australia by US authorities”, ABC retrieved 2023-09-26
- ^ McKinnell, Jamie (20 March 2023). "Lawyers investigating if pilot accused of training Chinese military was 'lured back' by U.S. authorities", ABC News. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ Doherty, Ben, 5 March 2023, "Daniel Duggan says he faces ‘gross injustice’ if extradited to US in speech from Sydney prison", The Guardian
- ^ Donnellan, Angelique, 25 July 2023, 'Top Gun' pilot speaks from his Australian prison cell as he fights extradition to the US for allegedly training Chinese pilots, ABC, retrieved 13-09-2023
- ^ Donnellan, Angelique, 25 July 2023, 'Top Gun' pilot speaks from his Australian prison cell as he fights extradition to the US for allegedly training Chinese pilots, ABC, retrieved 13-09-2023
- ^ Donnellan, Angelique, 25 July 2023, 'Top Gun' pilot speaks from his Australian prison cell as he fights extradition to the US for allegedly training Chinese pilots, ABC, retrieved 13-09-2023
- ^ Donnellan, Angelique, 25 July 2023, 'Top Gun' pilot speaks from his Australian prison cell as he fights extradition to the US for allegedly training Chinese pilots, ABC, retrieved 13-09-2023
- ^ Mitchell, Georgina, 25 July 2023, "Jailed pilot will rely on novel defence never used in Australia" Sydeny Morning Herald
- ^ Giannini, Dominic (11 September 2023). "Parliament to crackdown on military pilot poaching". Yahoo News. Retrieved 13 September 2023.