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'''Press TV''' (stylised as '''PRESSTV''') is an Iranian [[state media|state-owned]] news and documentary network that broadcasts in the English and French languages. It is affiliated with [[Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting]] (IRIB),
==Purpose and launch==
[[File:PressTV at University of Johannesburg.jpg|thumbnail|PressTV shooting at [[University of Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]]]]
Press TV was created for the purpose of presenting news, images and arguments, especially on Middle Eastern affairs, to counter the news coverage that appears on [[BBC World News]], [[CNN International]] and [[Al Jazeera English]].<ref name="BBC20070702" /><ref name="CNN20070730">{{Cite news|last=Daftari|first=Amir A.|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/07/10/press.tv/index.html|title=Iran launches 'alternative' news|work=CNN|date=30 July 2007|access-date=2019-02-28}}</ref> Press TV is state-funded and is a division of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting]] (IRIB)
Press TV CEO [[Mohammad Sarafraz]] said in a June 2007 press conference that, "Since September 11, Western bias has divided the media into two camps: those that favour their policies make up one group and the rest of the media are attached to radical Islamic groups like [[Al-Qaeda]]. We want to show that there is a different view. Iran, and the [[Shi'a Islam|Shi'as]] in particular, have become a focal point of world propaganda. From the media point of view, we are trying to give a second eye to Western audiences."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1182409649771&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter |title=Iran launches English TV news station |work=Jerusalem Post |access-date=4 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223113715/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1182409649771&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter |archive-date=23 December 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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The BBC journalist Linda Pressly described Press TV as pro-Palestinian and opposed to [[sanctions against Iran]] in December 2011. At the time Press TV Ltd in London sold programmes to Iran, principally talk shows, while Tehran's Press TV International produced the majority of the news and documentaries.<ref name="BBC20111229">{{cite news|last=Pressly|first=Linda|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16317282|title=Iran's battle for TV influence takes shape on Press TV|work=BBC News|date=29 December 2011|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref>
As of 2009, the annual budget of Press TV is 250 Billion [[Iranian rial|rials]] (more than US$8.3 million).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mehrnews.com/fa/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=519985|title=بودجه پرس تیوی 25 میلیارد تومان است / میزان پخش فیلمهای ایرانی و خارجی متعادل میشود|publisher=Mehr News|access-date=29 December 2009
==Support for Press TV==▼
Responding to
==Criticism against Press TV==
In a post-election "information offensive," reports the [[Associated Press]], Press TV and Al-Alam have "churned out a blitz of policy statements, negotiating points and news breaks as the main soapboxes for Iran's public diplomacy."<ref>[https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hfR8lP66bZr497P8TgOHF25a00ZQD9C0GP3G0 ]{{dead link|date=September 2015}} {{dead link|date=September 2015}}</ref>▼
In 2012, commentator [[Douglas Murray (author)|Douglas Murray]] wrote that the station was the "Iranian government’s propaganda channel".<ref>{{cite news|last=Murray|first=Douglas|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/7592013/push-off-now-press-tv-and-take-your-conspiracy-theories-with-you.thtml|title=Push off now, Press TV, and take your conspiracy theories with you|work=The Spectator|date=20 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123041822/http://www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/7592013/push-off-now-press-tv-and-take-your-conspiracy-theories-with-you.thtml|archive-date=23 January 2012}}</ref>
▲In a 2009 post-election "information offensive," reports the [[Associated Press]], Press TV and Al-Alam have "churned out a blitz of policy statements, negotiating points and news breaks as the main soapboxes for Iran's public diplomacy."<ref>[https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hfR8lP66bZr497P8TgOHF25a00ZQD9C0GP3G0 ]{{dead link|date=September 2015}} {{dead link|date=September 2015}}</ref>
'''Alleged anti-Semitism'''
In August 2009, [[Ofcom]], the British broadcasting regulator, judged that two phone-in shows hosted by [[George Galloway]] on Press TV had broken its broadcasting code on impartiality in their coverage of the [[Gaza War (2008–09)|Gaza War]] by not including enough calls from pro-Israelis. Press TV said contributions to the show reflected the balance of opinion.<ref>BBC (3 August 2009). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8182361.stm "Galloway TV shows 'broke rules'"].</ref>▼
Press TV was accused in December 2011 by British journalist [[Nick Cohen]] of functioning as "a platform for the full fascist conspiracy theory of supernatural Jewish power". He wrote that "If whites ran Press TV, one would have no difficulty in saying it was a neo-Nazi network".<ref name="Cohen">{{cite news|last=Cohen|first=Nick|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/dec/04/nick-cohen-press-tv-hatred|title=Who will rid us of hate channels such as Press TV?|work=The Observer|location=London|date=4 December 2011|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> [[Oliver Kamm]] in ''[[The Jewish Chronicle]]'' in 2009, of having an "ability to insinuate into public debate the worst and most pernicious ideas around", including
'''Criticism by ADL'''
▲Press TV was accused in December 2011 by British journalist [[Nick Cohen]] of functioning as "a platform for the full fascist conspiracy theory of supernatural Jewish power". He wrote that "If whites ran Press TV, one would have no difficulty in saying it was a neo-Nazi network".<ref name="Cohen">{{cite news|last=Cohen|first=Nick|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/dec/04/nick-cohen-press-tv-hatred|title=Who will rid us of hate channels such as Press TV?|work=The Observer|location=London|date=4 December 2011|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> [[Oliver Kamm]] in ''[[The Jewish Chronicle]]'' in 2009, of having an "ability to insinuate into public debate the worst and most pernicious ideas around", including [[Holocaust denial]].<ref name="TJC20090319">{{cite news|last=Kamm|first=Oliver|url=https://www.thejc.com/analysis-press-tv-peddles-pernicious-tosh-1.8283|title=Analysis: Press TV peddles pernicious tosh|work=The Jewish Chronicle|location=London|date=19 March 2009|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> Cohen mentioned that the station featured "fascist ideologues such as Peter Rushton, the leader of the White Nationalist party – an organisation that disproves the notion that the only thing further to the right of the BNP is the wall."<ref name="Cohen"/>
In 2012, a report from the [[Anti-Defamation League]] (ADL) alleged that Press TV has broadcast what the ADL described as examples of [[Antisemitism|anti-Semitic]] conspiracy theories and opinions.<ref name="ADL20150401">{{cite web|title=Iran's Press TV: Broadcasting Anti-Semitism To English-Speaking World|url=https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/anti-semitism/united-states/press-tv-report-2015-4-1.pdf|work=[[Anti-Defamation League]]|date=1 April 2015|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> The report says Press TV for interviewing individuals such as the American conspiracy theorist [[David Duke]] who said on the station that Israel was involved in [[September 11 attacks|9/11]] and of the [[Iraq War]], he said: "The Zionists orchestrated and created this war in the media, the government, and international finance".<ref name="ADL2012">{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/press-tv-zionists-masterminded-the-911-attacks|title=Press TV: Zionists "Masterminded" the 9/11 Attacks|work=Anti-Defamation League|date=11 September 2012|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> The ADL reported in 2013 that in another appearance, Duke made "anti-Semitic allegations that are consistent with his record and typical of the views often espoused on Press TV".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/irans-press-tv-grants-david-duke-a-platform-for-hate|title=Iran's Press TV Grants David Duke A Platform For Hate|work=Anti-Defamation League|date=25 July 2013|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> Mark Dankof has also backed claims on Press TV that 9/11 was an "Israeli Mossad inside operation from start to finish".<ref name="ADL2012" /> In early 2015, a guest on Press TV claimed Israel were responsible for the [[Charlie Hebdo shooting|''Charlie Hebdo'' attack]] in Paris.<ref name="ADL20150403">{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/irans-press-tv-continues-to-broadcast-anti-semitism-as-news|title=Iran's Press TV Continues To Broadcast Anti-Semitism As 'News'|work=Anti-Defamation League|date=3 April 2015|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> In a January 20, 2015, article by Kevin Barrett on the station's website he claimed that "The Zionists created ISIL and sent it to fight Muslims and Christians in Syria and Iraq" while "New World Order Zionism is also targeting the USA for destruction".<ref name="ADL20151123">{{cite news|date=23 November 2015|title=Anti-Semite Claims Prominent BDS Activist Invited Him To Berkeley Conference|work=Anti-Defamation League|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/anti-semite-claims-prominent-bds-activist-invited-him-to-berkeley-conference|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref> A 2014 article on the website, the Canadian writer Brandon Martinez described [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] as having been an appealing place where Jews were able to participate in "cultural and leisure activities". He rejected the existence of gas chambers during the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]] and the use of [[Zyklon B]] for the mass killings of European Jews. To make his assertions he drew on claims made by Holocaust deniers Mark Webber and [[David Irving]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/iran-press-tv-provides-platform-to-emerging-anti-semitic-voices|title=Iran Press TV Provides Platform To Emerging Anti-Semitic Voices|work=Anti-Defamation League|date=26 February 2014|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref>▼
In November 2013, the Press TV website reprinted an opinion piece in its 'Viewpoints' section, first written by M.I. Bhat for ''[[Veterans Today]].''
▲In 2012, a report from the [[Anti-Defamation League]] (ADL) alleged that Press TV has broadcast what the ADL described as examples of [[Antisemitism|anti-Semitic]] conspiracy theories and opinions.<ref name="ADL20150401">{{cite web|title=Iran's Press TV: Broadcasting Anti-Semitism To English-Speaking World|url=https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/anti-semitism/united-states/press-tv-report-2015-4-1.pdf|work=[[Anti-Defamation League]]|date=1 April 2015|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> The report says Press TV for interviewing individuals such as the American conspiracy theorist [[David Duke]] who said on the station that Israel was involved in [[September 11 attacks|9/11]] and of the [[Iraq War]], he said: "The Zionists orchestrated and created this war in the media, the government, and international finance".<ref name="ADL2012">{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/press-tv-zionists-masterminded-the-911-attacks|title=Press TV: Zionists "Masterminded" the 9/11 Attacks|work=Anti-Defamation League|date=11 September 2012|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> The ADL reported in 2013 that in another appearance, Duke made "anti-Semitic allegations that are consistent with his record and typical of the views often espoused on Press TV".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/irans-press-tv-grants-david-duke-a-platform-for-hate|title=Iran's Press TV Grants David Duke A Platform For Hate|work=Anti-Defamation League|date=25 July 2013|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> Mark Dankof has also backed claims on Press TV that 9/11 was an "Israeli Mossad inside operation from start to finish".<ref name="ADL2012" />
▲In November 2013, the Press TV website reprinted an opinion piece in its 'Viewpoints' section, first written by M.I. Bhat for ''[[Veterans Today]]'', although Bhat was a regular columnist for Press TV as well.<ref name="Bhat">{{cite web|title=Iran's Press TV Claims American Jews Are "Incubating Another Hitler"|url=http://blog.adl.org/international/irans-press-tv-claims-american-jews-are-incubating-another-hitler|work=Anti-Defamation League|access-date=13 November 2013|date=13 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113190439/http://blog.adl.org/international/irans-press-tv-claims-american-jews-are-incubating-another-hitler|archive-date=13 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The article blamed Jews for their fate in the Holocaust and accepted "the Nazi regime’s anti-Jewish conspiracy theories as historical fact". Bhat queried whether American Jews were "incubating another Hitler".<ref name="Bhat" />
===Maziar Bahari case===
On 10 June 2010, the United Kingdom's ''[[Channel 4 News]]'' interviewed Iranian-Canadian journalist [[Maziar Bahari]], a documentary maker and ''[[Newsweek]]'' contributor, who was arrested
Held in [[Evin Prison]], Bahari was accused of spying for the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], [[Secret Intelligence Service|MI6]] and [[Mossad]], and was detained for 118 days. Bahari alleged that a 10-second Press TV interview and 'confession' that the western media was guilty of fomenting the protests had been preceded by torture, and was given under the threat of execution. The nature of the interview, that it was a forced confession, was not disclosed to viewers of the footage.<ref name="Morris" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Petrou|first=Michael|url=https://www.macleans.ca/uncategorized/irans-propaganda-mouthpiece-in-the-west-mazia-bahari-and-ottawas-tulip-festival/|title=Maziar Bahari and Iran's Press TV|work=MacLean's|date=23 May 2011|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Tms20111201">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/iranian-tv-channel-that-coerced-confession-is-fined-pound100000-hxzgvcxbwn5|title=Iranian TV channel that 'coerced confession' is fined £100,000|work=The Times|date=1 December 2011|access-date=13 July 2020}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Having to talk complete rubbish before a camera to save his life "was like a rape”, he told ''The Sunday Times'' in 2012. "It went against the very essence of me".<ref>{{cite news|last=Mills|first=Eleanor|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/your-execution-is-imminent-hsdzldp9q8c|title=Your execution is imminent|work=The Times|location=London|date=15 January 2012|access-date=21 August 2020}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Bahari is not the only Iranian prisoner who has been coerced with a following broadcast of the supposed confession.<ref name="OD20150518" />▼
▲Held in [[Evin Prison]], Bahari was accused of spying for the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], [[Secret Intelligence Service|MI6]] and [[Mossad]], and was detained for 118 days. Bahari alleged that a 10-second Press TV interview and 'confession' that the western media was guilty of fomenting the protests had been preceded by torture, and was given under the threat of execution.
== Staff resignations==▼
=== Nick Ferrari ===
[[Nick Ferrari]], a British radio presenter on [[LBC]], resigned from his show on Press TV on 30 June 2009, following the response of the country's authorities to protests over [[2009 Iranian presidential election|the disputed Iranian presidential election]].
=== Hassan Abdulrahman ===
In September 2009, ''[[The Times]]'' reported that [[Dawud Salahuddin|Hassan Abdulrahman]], born David Theodore Belfield, one of the chief editors of the Press TV website from the beginning of Press TV's news department, had stated that he left Press TV as chief online editor in July 2009 after the election in protest, according to him, at its skewed coverage of that event.<ref name="timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article6820989.ece |work=The Times |location=London |title=Top Tehran TV journalist wanted by FBI for 1980 murder in the US |first=Richard |last=Kerbaj |date=4 September 2009 |access-date=22 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="thelede.blogs.nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/16/just-another-american-hit-man-actor-and-journalist-living-in-iran/?hp |work=The New York Times |title=Just Another American Hit Man, Actor and Journalist Living in Iran |first=Robert |last=Mackey |date=16 September 2009 |access-date=22 May 2010}}</ref><ref>Jon Lee Anderson (30 September 2009). [http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2009/09/jon-lee-anderson-hassan-abdulrahman.html "Jon Lee Anderson: A Fugitive in Iran"]. ''The New Yorker''.</ref
=== Sheena Shirani ===
Sheena Shirani worked for Press TV from 2007 to January 2016 as an editor, producer and news presenter. She said news director Hamid Reza Emadi and studio manager Payam Afshar sexually harassing her for years, and published a recorded phone conversation with her boss Emadi. Press TV suspended both managers following the incident.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mortimer|first=Caroline |title=Iran's Press TV anchor says she was repeatedly 'sexually harassed by her bosses' for several years|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/irans-press-tv-anchor-says-she-was-repeatedly-sexually-harassed-by-her-bosses-for-several-years-a6861671.html|work=The Independent|date=8 February 2016|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref>
==
In 2010, the [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] government banned Press TV for airing video on the [[2010 Qur'an-burning controversy]] saying "We have decided to impose a ban on the airing of Press TV broadcasts by local cable operators. We appeal to the people not to heed unverified reports about the alleged desecration of the Holy Koran which have only been aired by Press TV and no other television news channel in the world."<ref>[http://sify.com/news/indian-kashmir-bans-iran-s-press-tv-over-koran-ripping-news-national-kjobabgiahf.html "Indian Kashmir bans Iran's Press TV over Koran ripping"]. ''Sify''.</ref>▼
▲* In August 2009, [[Ofcom]], the British broadcasting regulator, judged that two phone-in shows hosted by [[George Galloway]] on Press TV had broken its broadcasting code on impartiality in their coverage of the [[Gaza War (2008–09)|Gaza War]] by not including enough calls from pro-Israelis. Press TV said contributions to the show, however, reflected the balance of opinion.<ref>BBC (3 August 2009). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8182361.stm "Galloway TV shows 'broke rules'"].</ref>
▲* In 2010, the [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] government banned Press TV for airing video on the [[2010 Qur'an-burning controversy]] saying "We have decided to impose a ban on the airing of Press TV broadcasts by local cable operators. We appeal to the people not to heed unverified reports about the alleged desecration of the Holy Koran which have only been aired by Press TV and no other television news channel in the world."<ref>[http://sify.com/news/indian-kashmir-bans-iran-s-press-tv-over-koran-ripping-news-national-kjobabgiahf.html "Indian Kashmir bans Iran's Press TV over Koran ripping"]. ''Sify''.</ref>
* On April 3, 2012, Munich-based media regulator ''[[:de:Bayerische Landeszentrale für neue Medien|Bayerische Landeszentrale für neue Medien]]'' (BLM), announced it was removing ''Press TV'' from the [[SES S.A.|SES]] [[Astra (satellite)|Astra satellite]], as they did not have a license to broadcast in Europe.<ref name="TJP20120407" /> However, the channel's legal team submitted documents to the court that proved Press TV could broadcast under German law. An administrative court in Germany accepted Press TV's argument and the legal procedures began. Munich's Administrative Court announced on Friday 15 June that the ban was illegal.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2012/06/15/246364/german-court-lifts-ban-on-press-tv/|title= German court lifts ban on Press TV|publisher= IRIB|work= Press TV|date= 15 June 2012|access-date=16 June 2012}}</ref> In September 2012 the High Administrative Court of Bavaria confirmed the regulatory authority's decision.
* In July 2013
* [[Google]] blocked Press TV access to their [[Gmail]] and [[YouTube]] in April 2019; although the latter remained active no new content could be added.<ref>{{cite news|last=Doffman|first=Zak|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/04/23/google-blocks-iranian-state-tvs-youtube-and-gmail-after-anti-israel-propaganda/#5ae009b177bd|title=Google Cuts YouTube Access For Iran's Press TV And Hispan TV 'Without Any Warning'|work=Forbes|date=23 April 2019|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref> YouTube removed Press TV UK from its platform in January 2020. Press TV accused Google, which owns YouTube, of censorship. The Press TV UK channel appeared after the original was removed.<ref name="TmsLdn20200129">{{cite news|last=Moore|first=Matthew|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/youtube-deletes-iranian-channel-press-tv-uk-for-flouting-ban-gxz539v80|title=YouTube deletes Iranian channel Press TV UK for flouting ban|work=The Times|date=29 January 2020|access-date=29 January 2020}} {{subscription required}}</ref> In April 2019, Press TV reported that [[Google]] blocked their access (along with [[HispanTV]]) “without prior notice, citing “violation of policies,” and that they received a message saying “your Google Account was disabled and can’t be restored because it was used in a way that violates Google’s policies.” Although their YouTube channels remain open, no new content can be published. Press TV claimed that Google “has refused to offer an explanation for shutting down the accounts,” and that they have not violated any of Google's listed policies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/04/23/google-blocks-iranian-state-tvs-youtube-and-gmail-after-anti-israel-propaganda/#14a2417277bd|title=Google Cuts YouTube Access For Iran's Press TV And Hispan TV 'Without Any Warning'|work=[[Forbes]]|first=Zak|last=Doffman|date=April 23, 2019}}</ref>▼
▲In July 2013, Press TV and other Iranian channels were removed from several European and American satellites (amongst others those of [[Eutelsat]] and [[Intelsat]]), allegedly because of the Iran sanctions, even though an EU spokesperson told the channel that these sanctions do not apply to media.<ref>{{cite news|title=Intelsat to take Iranian satellite channels off air|date=26 June 2013|work=Press TV|url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/06/26/310864/intelsat-to-take-iranian-channels-off-air/}}</ref><ref name="intelsat">{{cite news|title=Iranian channels dropped by Intelsat|date=2 July 2013 |work=[[Asharq Al-Awsat]]|url=http://www.aawsat.net/2013/07/article55308059}}</ref> In November 2012, the Hong Kong-based [[AsiaSat]] took Iranian channels off air in East Asia, and in October 2012 Eutelsat and Intelsat stopped broadcasting several Iranian satellite channels, though the [[Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting]] managed to resume broadcasts after striking deals with smaller companies that are based in other countries.<ref name="intelsat"/>
* On June 26, 2008, Florida congressman [[Gus Bilirakis]] proposed to declare Press TV, [[Al-Alam News Network]] and several IRIB-affiliated channels as a "[[Specially Designated Global Terrorist]] entity."<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Congressman seeks to blacklist Iran's Press TV|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/08/jul/1236.html|access-date=2020-10-26|website=www.payvand.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-07-25|title=Iran: U.S. seeks to keep public in dark|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/173906/Iran-U-S-seeks-to-keep-public-in-dark|access-date=2020-10-26|website=Tehran Times|language=en}}</ref>▼
* In May 2011, Ofcom ruled that Press TV was responsible for a serious breach of UK broadcasting rules by airing a 10-second interview with Maziar Bahari, accepting that it had been obtained under duress while he was imprisoned.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sweney|first=Mark|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/may/23/iran-press-tv-maziar-bahari|title=Iran's Press TV censured for interview with arrested journalist|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=23 May 2011|access-date=25 May 2011}}</ref> A fine of £100,000 ($155,000 in January 2012) was eventually imposed in November 2011, reversing an initial decision to revoke Press TV's licence.<ref name="Foster">{{cite news|last=Foster|first=Patrick|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/nov/30/ofcom-iran-press-tv|title=Ofcom reverses decision to revoke licence of Iran's Press TV|work=The Guardian|date=30 November 2011|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref> The extent of the fine was partly due to Press TV continuing to run the interview after warnings from Ofcom that the station had broken the [[Broadcasting Code]].<ref name="Tms20111201" /> Responding to the decision, Press TV said Ofcom was "influenced by powerful pro-Israeli politicians and US sympathisers" and "members of the royal family and the government".<ref name="guardian141011">{{cite news |last1=Foster |first1=Patrick |title=Iran's Press TV accuses royal family of trying to take it off-air in UK |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/oct/14/iran-press-tv-royal-family-off-air |access-date=21 August 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="Foster" /> It maintained Bahari was an "MI6 contact person".<ref name="TJP20120407">{{cite news|last=Paraszczuk|first=Joanna|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/iran-slams-bbc-over-film-about-israel-relations|title=Iran slams BBC over film about Israel relations|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=7 April 2012|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref> Defenders of Press TV, such as [[Geoffrey Alderman]] and the broadcaster's legal representative, Farooq Bajwa, referred to a formerly secret American diplomatic cable dated 4 February 2010 which was released by [[WikiLeaks]]. The cable said the British government was then "exploring ways to limit the operations of the IRIB's Press TV service" in response to the jamming by the Iranian government of broadcasts by the BBC Persian Service and the [[Voice of America]].<ref name="BBC20111229" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/247209|title=US embassy cables: Retaliation planned after Iran jammed BBC broadcasts|work=The Guardian|date=5 December 2010|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gdn20120124">{{cite news|last=Alderman|first=Geoffrey|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jan/24/suppressing-press-tv-ofcom-licence?newsfeed=true|title=Suppressing Press TV is deplorable – Ofcom should restore its licence now|work=The Guardian|date=24 January 2012|access-date=13 July 2020|quote=Whatever one thinks of Press TV's output, it expressed a certain viewpoint that it is important for us to have access to, even if we find it at times repugnant. Its UK licence should be speedily restored.}}</ref>▼
▲[[Google]] blocked Press TV access to their [[Gmail]] and [[YouTube]] in April 2019; although the latter remained active no new content could be added.<ref>{{cite news|last=Doffman|first=Zak|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/04/23/google-blocks-iranian-state-tvs-youtube-and-gmail-after-anti-israel-propaganda/#5ae009b177bd|title=Google Cuts YouTube Access For Iran's Press TV And Hispan TV 'Without Any Warning'|work=Forbes|date=23 April 2019|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref> YouTube removed Press TV UK from its platform in January 2020. Press TV accused Google, which owns YouTube, of censorship. The Press TV UK channel appeared after the original was removed.<ref name="TmsLdn20200129">{{cite news|last=Moore|first=Matthew|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/youtube-deletes-iranian-channel-press-tv-uk-for-flouting-ban-gxz539v80|title=YouTube deletes Iranian channel Press TV UK for flouting ban|work=The Times|date=29 January 2020|access-date=29 January 2020}} {{subscription required}}</ref> In April 2019, Press TV reported that [[Google]] blocked their access (along with [[HispanTV]]) “without prior notice, citing “violation of policies,” and that they received a message saying “your Google Account was disabled and can’t be restored because it was used in a way that violates Google’s policies.” Although their YouTube channels remain open, no new content can be published. Press TV claimed that Google “has refused to offer an explanation for shutting down the accounts,” and that they have not violated any of Google's listed policies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/04/23/google-blocks-iranian-state-tvs-youtube-and-gmail-after-anti-israel-propaganda/#14a2417277bd|title=Google Cuts YouTube Access For Iran's Press TV And Hispan TV 'Without Any Warning'|work=[[Forbes]]|first=Zak|last=Doffman|date=April 23, 2019}}</ref>
* On 20 January 2012, Press TV's licence to broadcast in the UK was revoked by Ofcom with immediate effect.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sweney|first=Mark|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jan/20/iran-press-tv-loses-uk-licence |title=Iran's Press TV loses UK licence|work=The Guardian |date=20 January 2012|access-date=7 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-licence-conditions/press-tv-revocation.pdf |title=Revocation : Provider of the Service : Press TV Limited : Introduction |publisher=Ofcom|access-date=7 September 2015}}</ref> The investigation into the Bahari case had revealed the applying company's direct connection to Tehran, and that editorial control came from there. An invitation to change this in the
▲On June 26, 2008, Florida congressman [[Gus Bilirakis]] proposed to declare Press TV, [[Al-Alam News Network]] and several IRIB-affiliated channels as a "[[Specially Designated Global Terrorist]] entity."<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Congressman seeks to blacklist Iran's Press TV|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/08/jul/1236.html|access-date=2020-10-26|website=www.payvand.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-07-25|title=Iran: U.S. seeks to keep public in dark|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/173906/Iran-U-S-seeks-to-keep-public-in-dark|access-date=2020-10-26|website=Tehran Times|language=en}}</ref>
▲Responding to the decision, Press TV said Ofcom was "influenced by powerful pro-Israeli politicians and US sympathisers" and "members of the royal family and the government".<ref name="guardian141011">{{cite news |last1=Foster |first1=Patrick |title=Iran's Press TV accuses royal family of trying to take it off-air in UK |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/oct/14/iran-press-tv-royal-family-off-air |access-date=21 August 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=14 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="Foster"/> It maintained Bahari was an "MI6 contact person".<ref name="TJP20120407">{{cite news|last=Paraszczuk|first=Joanna|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/iran-slams-bbc-over-film-about-israel-relations|title=Iran slams BBC over film about Israel relations|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=7 April 2012|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref> Defenders of Press TV, such as [[Geoffrey Alderman]] and the broadcaster's legal representative, Farooq Bajwa, referred to a formerly secret American diplomatic cable dated 4 February 2010 which was released by [[WikiLeaks]]. The cable said the British government was then "exploring ways to limit the operations of the IRIB's Press TV service" in response to the jamming by the Iranian government of broadcasts by the BBC Persian Service and the [[Voice of America]].<ref name="BBC20111229" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/247209|title=US embassy cables: Retaliation planned after Iran jammed BBC broadcasts|work=The Guardian|date=5 December 2010|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gdn20120124">{{cite news|last=Alderman|first=Geoffrey|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jan/24/suppressing-press-tv-ofcom-licence?newsfeed=true|title=Suppressing Press TV is deplorable – Ofcom should restore its licence now|work=The Guardian|date=24 January 2012|access-date=13 July 2020|quote=Whatever one thinks of Press TV's output, it expressed a certain viewpoint that it is important for us to have access to, even if we find it at times repugnant. Its UK licence should be speedily restored.}}</ref>
▲On 20 January 2012, Press TV's licence to broadcast in the UK was revoked by Ofcom with immediate effect.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sweney|first=Mark|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jan/20/iran-press-tv-loses-uk-licence |title=Iran's Press TV loses UK licence|work=The Guardian |date=20 January 2012|access-date=7 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-licence-conditions/press-tv-revocation.pdf |title=Revocation : Provider of the Service : Press TV Limited : Introduction |publisher=Ofcom|access-date=7 September 2015}}</ref> The investigation into the Bahari case had revealed the applying company's direct connection to Tehran, and that editorial control came from there. An invitation to change this in the licence had not been taken up by Press TV.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16652356|title=Iran's Press TV loses UK licence|work=BBC News|date=20 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="DTel20120120">{{cite news|last=Blair|first=David|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/9028435/Britain-bans-Irans-Press-TV-from-airwaves.html|title=Iran's Press TV loses UK licence|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 January 2012|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref> Geoffrey Alderman, who had appeared on Press TV to put the Zionist case, criticised the Ofcom decision, describing it as "thoroughly deplorable as well as palpably cynical" and "an affront to freedom of expression". He said the location of Press TV's editorial control had not changed since the licence was granted.<ref name="Gdn20120124" /> [[Afshin Rattansi]] said the concern over editorial control being based in Britain "will come as a surprise to my former employers at the London offices of CNN International, Bloomberg and Al Jazeera, all of which ultimately answer, editorially, to bosses in Atlanta, New York and Doha".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rattansi |first1=Afshin |title=Britain Bans Press TV |url=https://www.counterpunch.org/2012/01/20/britain-bans-press-tv/ |website=CounterPunch.org |access-date=21 August 2020 |date=20 January 2012}}</ref> Press TV said Ofcom's decision was a "clear instance of censorship".<ref name="DTel20120120" />
▲==Support for Press TV==
▲Responding to Nick Cohen and others, politician and Press TV presenter [[George Galloway]] has said in a Press TV interview in 2011 that the station "challenges the prevailing orthodoxy" by providing an outsider perspective on "the truth and a voice for the otherwise voiceless".<ref>[http://www.presstv.ir/detail/214493.html "Ofcom will not silence Press TV"], transcript of an interview with George Galloway, Press TV, 8 December 2011</ref> In 2009, responding to [[Peter Wilby]], [[Dominic Lawson]] and other critics, [[Mehdi Hasan]], writing for the ''[[New Statesman]]'', argued that "engaging with Iran, no matter who is in charge in Tehran, is a prerequisite for peace and progress in the region. The very fact that Press TV is Iranian-owned makes it the ideal English-language platform on which to do so."<ref name="Book me a slot on Press TV">{{cite news|last=Hasan|first=Mehdi|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/international-politics/2009/07/mehdi-hasan-press-iran-british-channel|title=Book me a slot on Press TV|work=New Statesman|date=16 July 2009|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref>
==See also==
|
Revision as of 20:41, 19 January 2021
Country | Iran |
---|---|
Broadcast area | Worldwide |
Headquarters | Tehran, Iran |
Programming | |
Language(s) | English |
Picture format | 576i, 16:9 (SDTV) 1080i (HDTV) |
Ownership | |
Owner | Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting |
Sister channels | Al-Alam News Network HispanTV |
History | |
Launched | 8 July 2007 |
Availability | |
Terrestrial | |
Jamaran | CH43 UHF Digital (SD) |
Alvand | CH34 UHF Digital (Full HD) |
Press TV (stylised as PRESSTV) is an Iranian state-owned news and documentary network that broadcasts in the English and French languages. It is affiliated with Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), a major organization responsible for transmitting radio and TV broadcasts in Iran.[1][2] The 24-hour channel, which has headquarters in Tehran, was launched on 2 July 2007 and was intended to compete with western English language services.[3][4][5]
Purpose and launch
Press TV was created for the purpose of presenting news, images and arguments, especially on Middle Eastern affairs, to counter the news coverage that appears on BBC World News, CNN International and Al Jazeera English.[4][5] Press TV is state-funded and is a division of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB).[1][2][3] Based in Tehran,[6] It broadcasts to North America, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and areas of Africa and Latin America.[7]
Press TV CEO Mohammad Sarafraz said in a June 2007 press conference that, "Since September 11, Western bias has divided the media into two camps: those that favour their policies make up one group and the rest of the media are attached to radical Islamic groups like Al-Qaeda. We want to show that there is a different view. Iran, and the Shi'as in particular, have become a focal point of world propaganda. From the media point of view, we are trying to give a second eye to Western audiences."[8]
By launching an English-language television network to promote an Iranian perspective of the world, together with an Arab-language station, the Al-Alam News Network, the Iranian government said it hoped "to address a global audience exposed to misinformation and mudslinging as regards the Islamic Republic of Iran."[9] The two networks focus on "difficult issues in the Middle East such as the United States’ occupation of neighbouring Iraq and the Shiite question."[10] According to mediachannel.org, "the government aims to use Press TV to counter what it sees as a steady stream of Western propaganda against Iran as well as offer an alternative view of world news".[11]
Press TV began its activities in London during 2007.[12] The network's website launched in late January 2007,[13] and the channel itself on 2 July 2007.[3][14] Roshan Muhammed Salih was Press TV's first London news editor and chief correspondent.[12]
The BBC journalist Linda Pressly described Press TV as pro-Palestinian and opposed to sanctions against Iran in December 2011. At the time Press TV Ltd in London sold programmes to Iran, principally talk shows, while Tehran's Press TV International produced the majority of the news and documentaries.[15]
As of 2009, the annual budget of Press TV is 250 Billion rials (more than US$8.3 million).[16]
Support for Press TV
Responding to Cohen and others, politician and Press TV presenter George Galloway has said the station "challenges the prevailing orthodoxy" by providing an outsider perspective on "the truth and a voice for the otherwise voiceless".[17] Mehdi Hasan, writing for the New Statesman, argued that "engaging with Iran, no matter who is in charge in Tehran, is a prerequisite for peace and progress in the region. The very fact that Press TV is Iranian-owned makes it the ideal English-language platform on which to do so."[18] In a May 2011 article reprinted on the website of Press TV, Reverend Mark Dankof lauded Press TV as "one of the 'few exceptions'" to the [Israeli] Lobby's control of the [Western] media.[19]
Criticism against Press TV
In 2012, commentator Douglas Murray wrote that the station was the "Iranian government’s propaganda channel".[20]
In a 2009 post-election "information offensive," reports the Associated Press, Press TV and Al-Alam have "churned out a blitz of policy statements, negotiating points and news breaks as the main soapboxes for Iran's public diplomacy."[21]
Alleged anti-Semitism
Press TV was accused in December 2011 by British journalist Nick Cohen of functioning as "a platform for the full fascist conspiracy theory of supernatural Jewish power". He wrote that "If whites ran Press TV, one would have no difficulty in saying it was a neo-Nazi network".[22] Oliver Kamm in The Jewish Chronicle in 2009, of having an "ability to insinuate into public debate the worst and most pernicious ideas around", including Holocaust denial.[23] Cohen mentioned that the station featured "fascist ideologues such as Peter Rushton, the leader of the White Nationalist party – an organisation that disproves the notion that the only thing further to the right of the BNP is the wall."[22]
Criticism by ADL
In 2012, a report from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) alleged that Press TV has broadcast what the ADL described as examples of anti-Semitic conspiracy theories and opinions.[24] The report says Press TV for interviewing individuals such as the American conspiracy theorist David Duke who said on the station that Israel was involved in 9/11 and of the Iraq War, he said: "The Zionists orchestrated and created this war in the media, the government, and international finance".[25] The ADL reported in 2013 that in another appearance, Duke made "anti-Semitic allegations that are consistent with his record and typical of the views often espoused on Press TV".[26] Mark Dankof has also backed claims on Press TV that 9/11 was an "Israeli Mossad inside operation from start to finish".[25] In early 2015, a guest on Press TV claimed Israel were responsible for the Charlie Hebdo attack in Paris.[27] In a January 20, 2015, article by Kevin Barrett on the station's website he claimed that "The Zionists created ISIL and sent it to fight Muslims and Christians in Syria and Iraq" while "New World Order Zionism is also targeting the USA for destruction".[28] A 2014 article on the website, the Canadian writer Brandon Martinez described Auschwitz as having been an appealing place where Jews were able to participate in "cultural and leisure activities". He rejected the existence of gas chambers during the Holocaust and the use of Zyklon B for the mass killings of European Jews. To make his assertions he drew on claims made by Holocaust deniers Mark Webber and David Irving.[29]
In November 2013, the Press TV website reprinted an opinion piece in its 'Viewpoints' section, first written by M.I. Bhat for Veterans Today.[30] According to the ADL, the article blamed Jews for their fate in the Holocaust and accepted "the Nazi regime’s anti-Jewish conspiracy theories as historical fact". Bhat queried whether American Jews were "incubating another Hitler".[30]
Maziar Bahari case
On 10 June 2010, the United Kingdom's Channel 4 News interviewed Iranian-Canadian journalist Maziar Bahari, a documentary maker and Newsweek contributor, who was arrested by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran.[31]
Held in Evin Prison, Bahari was accused of spying for the CIA, MI6 and Mossad, and was detained for 118 days. Bahari alleged that a 10-second Press TV interview and 'confession' that the western media was guilty of fomenting the protests had been preceded by torture, and was given under the threat of execution. According to these allegations, the nature of the interview, that it was a forced confession, was not disclosed to viewers of the footage.[31][32][33] Having to confess "was like a rape”, he told The Sunday Times in 2012. "It went against the very essence of me".[34]
Staff resignations
Nick Ferrari
Nick Ferrari, a British radio presenter on LBC, resigned from his show on Press TV on 30 June 2009, following the response of the country's authorities to protests over the disputed Iranian presidential election. Ferrari admitted joining Press TV "was one of the dimmest career decisions of my life", although he also said he had not been pressurized to adhere to any particular line.[35]
Hassan Abdulrahman
In September 2009, The Times reported that Hassan Abdulrahman, born David Theodore Belfield, one of the chief editors of the Press TV website from the beginning of Press TV's news department, had stated that he left Press TV as chief online editor in July 2009 after the election in protest, according to him, at its skewed coverage of that event.[36][37][38] In the article the Times also reported that Abdulrahman, who has also used the alias Dawud Salahuddin, is wanted by the FBI for shooting dead Ali Akbar Tabatabai, a former press attache at the pre-revolutionary Iranian embassy in Washington, in 1980. The Iranian government provided money and airfare to Tehran to Belfield after he allegedly committed the killing, thus bringing some of his credibility into reasonable question.
Sheena Shirani
Sheena Shirani worked for Press TV from 2007 to January 2016 as an editor, producer and news presenter. She said news director Hamid Reza Emadi and studio manager Payam Afshar sexually harassing her for years, and published a recorded phone conversation with her boss Emadi. Press TV suspended both managers following the incident.[39]
Censorship and restrictions
- In August 2009, Ofcom, the British broadcasting regulator, judged that two phone-in shows hosted by George Galloway on Press TV had broken its broadcasting code on impartiality in their coverage of the Gaza War by not including enough calls from pro-Israelis. Press TV said contributions to the show, however, reflected the balance of opinion.[40]
- In 2010, the Jammu and Kashmir government banned Press TV for airing video on the 2010 Qur'an-burning controversy saying "We have decided to impose a ban on the airing of Press TV broadcasts by local cable operators. We appeal to the people not to heed unverified reports about the alleged desecration of the Holy Koran which have only been aired by Press TV and no other television news channel in the world."[41]
- On April 3, 2012, Munich-based media regulator Bayerische Landeszentrale für neue Medien (BLM), announced it was removing Press TV from the SES Astra satellite, as they did not have a license to broadcast in Europe.[42] However, the channel's legal team submitted documents to the court that proved Press TV could broadcast under German law. An administrative court in Germany accepted Press TV's argument and the legal procedures began. Munich's Administrative Court announced on Friday 15 June that the ban was illegal.[43] In September 2012 the High Administrative Court of Bavaria confirmed the regulatory authority's decision.
- In July 2013 Press TV and other Iranian channels were removed from several European and American satellites (amongst others those of Eutelsat and Intelsat), allegedly because of the Iran sanctions, even though an EU spokesperson told the channel that these sanctions do not apply to media.[44][45] In November 2012, the Hong Kong-based AsiaSat took Iranian channels off air in East Asia, and in October 2012 Eutelsat and Intelsat stopped broadcasting several Iranian satellite channels, though the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting managed to resume broadcasts after striking deals with smaller companies that are based in other countries.[45]
- Google blocked Press TV access to their Gmail and YouTube in April 2019; although the latter remained active no new content could be added.[46] YouTube removed Press TV UK from its platform in January 2020. Press TV accused Google, which owns YouTube, of censorship. The Press TV UK channel appeared after the original was removed.[47] In April 2019, Press TV reported that Google blocked their access (along with HispanTV) “without prior notice, citing “violation of policies,” and that they received a message saying “your Google Account was disabled and can’t be restored because it was used in a way that violates Google’s policies.” Although their YouTube channels remain open, no new content can be published. Press TV claimed that Google “has refused to offer an explanation for shutting down the accounts,” and that they have not violated any of Google's listed policies.[48]
- On June 26, 2008, Florida congressman Gus Bilirakis proposed to declare Press TV, Al-Alam News Network and several IRIB-affiliated channels as a "Specially Designated Global Terrorist entity."[49][50]
- In May 2011, Ofcom ruled that Press TV was responsible for a serious breach of UK broadcasting rules by airing a 10-second interview with Maziar Bahari, accepting that it had been obtained under duress while he was imprisoned.[51] A fine of £100,000 ($155,000 in January 2012) was eventually imposed in November 2011, reversing an initial decision to revoke Press TV's licence.[52] The extent of the fine was partly due to Press TV continuing to run the interview after warnings from Ofcom that the station had broken the Broadcasting Code.[33] Responding to the decision, Press TV said Ofcom was "influenced by powerful pro-Israeli politicians and US sympathisers" and "members of the royal family and the government".[53][52] It maintained Bahari was an "MI6 contact person".[42] Defenders of Press TV, such as Geoffrey Alderman and the broadcaster's legal representative, Farooq Bajwa, referred to a formerly secret American diplomatic cable dated 4 February 2010 which was released by WikiLeaks. The cable said the British government was then "exploring ways to limit the operations of the IRIB's Press TV service" in response to the jamming by the Iranian government of broadcasts by the BBC Persian Service and the Voice of America.[15][54][55]
- On 20 January 2012, Press TV's licence to broadcast in the UK was revoked by Ofcom with immediate effect.[56][57] The investigation into the Bahari case had revealed the applying company's direct connection to Tehran, and that editorial control came from there. An invitation to change this in the license had not been taken up by Press TV.[58][59] Geoffrey Alderman, who had appeared on Press TV, criticised the Ofcom decision, describing it as "thoroughly deplorable as well as palpably cynical" and "an affront to freedom of expression". He said the location of Press TV's editorial control had not changed since the license was granted.[55] Afshin Rattansi said the concern over editorial control being based in Britain "will come as a surprise to my former employers at the London offices of CNN International, Bloomberg and Al Jazeera, all of which ultimately answer, editorially, to bosses in Atlanta, New York and Doha".[60] Press TV said Ofcom's decision was a "clear instance of censorship".[59]
See also
References
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- ^ a b Gambrell, Jon (25 June 2020). "Report: Iran TV airs 355 coerced confessions over decade". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ a b c Fathi, Nazila (3 July 2007). "Iran Expands Role in Media, via Satellite and in English". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ a b "Iran launches English TV channel". BBC News. 2 July 2007. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
- ^ a b Daftari, Amir A. (30 July 2007). "Iran launches 'alternative' news". CNN. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
- ^ Mostaghim, Ramin; Daragahi, Borzou (23 July 2007). "Iran starts its own English satellite news". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
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- ^ Ekhtiari, Khosro (15 September 2009). "A Guided Tour of Press TV". Gozaar. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
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- ^ "Mediachannel". Archived from the original on 8 November 2009.
- ^ a b Salih, Roshan Muhammed (1 December 2008). "Press TV launches on Sky". Arab Media Watch. Archived from the original on 13 December 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
- ^ "IRIB-Iran launches Press TV website". ISNA. Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union. 24 January 2007. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2007.
- ^ "Media Environment Guide: Iran" (PDF). BBC Monitoring. 30 July 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^ a b Pressly, Linda (29 December 2011). "Iran's battle for TV influence takes shape on Press TV". BBC News. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ "بودجه پرس تیوی 25 میلیارد تومان است / میزان پخش فیلمهای ایرانی و خارجی متعادل میشود". Mehr News. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
- ^ "Ofcom will not silence Press TV", transcript of an interview with George Galloway, Press TV, 8 December 2011
- ^ Hasan, Mehdi (16 July 2009). "Book me a slot on Press TV". New Statesman. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
- ^ Dankof, Mark (25 May 2011). "Empire continues to sweat over Press TV". Press TV. Archived from the original on 24 August 2011.
- ^ Murray, Douglas (20 January 2012). "Push off now, Press TV, and take your conspiracy theories with you". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 23 January 2012.
- ^ [1][dead link] [dead link]
- ^ a b Cohen, Nick (4 December 2011). "Who will rid us of hate channels such as Press TV?". The Observer. London. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ Kamm, Oliver (19 March 2009). "Analysis: Press TV peddles pernicious tosh". The Jewish Chronicle. London. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ "Iran's Press TV: Broadcasting Anti-Semitism To English-Speaking World" (PDF). Anti-Defamation League. 1 April 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ a b "Press TV: Zionists "Masterminded" the 9/11 Attacks". Anti-Defamation League. 11 September 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ "Iran's Press TV Grants David Duke A Platform For Hate". Anti-Defamation League. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ "Iran's Press TV Continues To Broadcast Anti-Semitism As 'News'". Anti-Defamation League. 3 April 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ "Anti-Semite Claims Prominent BDS Activist Invited Him To Berkeley Conference". Anti-Defamation League. 23 November 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ "Iran Press TV Provides Platform To Emerging Anti-Semitic Voices". Anti-Defamation League. 26 February 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ a b "Iran's Press TV Claims American Jews Are "Incubating Another Hitler"". Anti-Defamation League. 13 November 2013. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
- ^ a b Morris, Kylie; Brown, Katie (10 June 2010). "Ofcom investigates Iran's Press TV over 'interview'". The Independent. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ Petrou, Michael (23 May 2011). "Maziar Bahari and Iran's Press TV". MacLean's. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ a b "Iranian TV channel that 'coerced confession' is fined £100,000". The Times. 1 December 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2020. (subscription required)
- ^ Mills, Eleanor (15 January 2012). "Your execution is imminent". The Times. London. Retrieved 21 August 2020. (subscription required)
- ^ Symons, Leon (9 July 2009). "Press TV loses key guests". The Jewish Chronicle. London. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ Kerbaj, Richard (4 September 2009). "Top Tehran TV journalist wanted by FBI for 1980 murder in the US". The Times. London. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ Mackey, Robert (16 September 2009). "Just Another American Hit Man, Actor and Journalist Living in Iran". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ Jon Lee Anderson (30 September 2009). "Jon Lee Anderson: A Fugitive in Iran". The New Yorker.
- ^ Mortimer, Caroline (8 February 2016). "Iran's Press TV anchor says she was repeatedly 'sexually harassed by her bosses' for several years". The Independent. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ BBC (3 August 2009). "Galloway TV shows 'broke rules'".
- ^ "Indian Kashmir bans Iran's Press TV over Koran ripping". Sify.
- ^ a b Paraszczuk, Joanna (7 April 2012). "Iran slams BBC over film about Israel relations". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ "German court lifts ban on Press TV". Press TV. IRIB. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
- ^ "Intelsat to take Iranian satellite channels off air". Press TV. 26 June 2013.
- ^ a b "Iranian channels dropped by Intelsat". Asharq Al-Awsat. 2 July 2013.
- ^ Doffman, Zak (23 April 2019). "Google Cuts YouTube Access For Iran's Press TV And Hispan TV 'Without Any Warning'". Forbes. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ^ Moore, Matthew (29 January 2020). "YouTube deletes Iranian channel Press TV UK for flouting ban". The Times. Retrieved 29 January 2020. (subscription required)
- ^ Doffman, Zak (23 April 2019). "Google Cuts YouTube Access For Iran's Press TV And Hispan TV 'Without Any Warning'". Forbes.
- ^ "US Congressman seeks to blacklist Iran's Press TV". www.payvand.com. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ^ "Iran: U.S. seeks to keep public in dark". Tehran Times. 25 July 2008. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ^ Sweney, Mark (23 May 2011). "Iran's Press TV censured for interview with arrested journalist". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
- ^ a b Foster, Patrick (30 November 2011). "Ofcom reverses decision to revoke licence of Iran's Press TV". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ Foster, Patrick (14 October 2011). "Iran's Press TV accuses royal family of trying to take it off-air in UK". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
- ^ "US embassy cables: Retaliation planned after Iran jammed BBC broadcasts". The Guardian. 5 December 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ a b Alderman, Geoffrey (24 January 2012). "Suppressing Press TV is deplorable – Ofcom should restore its licence now". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
Whatever one thinks of Press TV's output, it expressed a certain viewpoint that it is important for us to have access to, even if we find it at times repugnant. Its UK licence should be speedily restored.
- ^ Sweney, Mark (20 January 2012). "Iran's Press TV loses UK licence". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
- ^ "Revocation : Provider of the Service : Press TV Limited : Introduction" (PDF). Ofcom. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
- ^ "Iran's Press TV loses UK licence". BBC News. 20 January 2012.
- ^ a b Blair, David (20 January 2012). "Iran's Press TV loses UK licence". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ Rattansi, Afshin (20 January 2012). "Britain Bans Press TV". CounterPunch.org. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
External links
Media related to Press TV at Wikimedia Commons