Undid revision 508785314 by MAXXX-309 (talk) |
Ohconfucius (talk | contribs) style fixes (test) |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Use mdy dates|date= |
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}} |
||
{{Politics of Ukraine}} |
{{Politics of Ukraine}} |
||
This article lists '''political parties in Ukraine'''. [[Ukraine]] has a [[multi-party system]] with numerous political parties, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form [[coalition government]]s. |
This article lists '''political parties in Ukraine'''. [[Ukraine]] has a [[multi-party system]] with numerous political parties, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form [[coalition government]]s. |
||
Many parties in Ukraine have very small memberships and are unknown to the general public. Party membership in Ukraine is lower than 1% of the population eligible to vote (compared to a average 4.7% in the [[European Union]]<ref>[http://www.eui.eu/Projects/EUDO-OPPR/Research.aspx Research], [[European Union Democracy Observatory]]</ref>).<ref>[http://www.cipe.org/essay/Ukraine%20-%20Comprehensive%20partnership%20for%20a%20real%20democracy.pdf Ukraine: Comprehensive Partnership for a Real Democracy], [[Center for International Private Enterprise]], 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/112656/ Poll: Ukrainians unhappy with domestic economic situation, their own lives], [[Kyiv Post]] (September 12, 2011)</ref> National parties currently not represented in Ukraine’s national parliament [[Verkhovna Rada]] do have representatives in municipal counsels.<ref>{{uk icon}} [http://www.rada.cherkassy.ua/ua/newsread.php?view=1244&s=1&s1=17 Сергій Одарич формуватиме більшість у міськраді Черкас], [[Cherkasy]] city council website (November 8, 2010)</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://www.lvivnews.info/news/10338.html Мером Львова обрано Андрія Садового], [[ЛьвівNEWS]] (November , 2010)</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://news.dt.ua/news/56168 На виборах мера Полтави переміг Олександр Мамай], [[Дзеркало тижня]] (November 6, 2010)</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://sevnews.info/rus/view-news/vybory-Oficialnye-rezultaty-golosovaniya-po-vyboram-v-Sevastopolskij-gorodskoj-sovet/1568 Официальные результаты голосования по выборам в Севастопольский городской совет], [[SevNews]] (November 5, 2010)</ref> Small parties used to join in multi-party coalitions (electoral blocks) for the purpose of participating in parliamentary elections; but on |
Many parties in Ukraine have very small memberships and are unknown to the general public. Party membership in Ukraine is lower than 1% of the population eligible to vote (compared to a average 4.7% in the [[European Union]]<ref>[http://www.eui.eu/Projects/EUDO-OPPR/Research.aspx Research], [[European Union Democracy Observatory]]</ref>).<ref>[http://www.cipe.org/essay/Ukraine%20-%20Comprehensive%20partnership%20for%20a%20real%20democracy.pdf Ukraine: Comprehensive Partnership for a Real Democracy], [[Center for International Private Enterprise]], 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/112656/ Poll: Ukrainians unhappy with domestic economic situation, their own lives], [[Kyiv Post]] (September 12, 2011)</ref> National parties currently not represented in Ukraine’s national parliament [[Verkhovna Rada]] do have representatives in municipal counsels.<ref>{{uk icon}} [http://www.rada.cherkassy.ua/ua/newsread.php?view=1244&s=1&s1=17 Сергій Одарич формуватиме більшість у міськраді Черкас], [[Cherkasy]] city council website (November 8, 2010)</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://www.lvivnews.info/news/10338.html Мером Львова обрано Андрія Садового], [[ЛьвівNEWS]] (November , 2010)</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://news.dt.ua/news/56168 На виборах мера Полтави переміг Олександр Мамай], [[Дзеркало тижня]] (November 6, 2010)</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://sevnews.info/rus/view-news/vybory-Oficialnye-rezultaty-golosovaniya-po-vyboram-v-Sevastopolskij-gorodskoj-sovet/1568 Официальные результаты голосования по выборам в Севастопольский городской совет], [[SevNews]] (November 5, 2010)</ref> Small parties used to join in multi-party coalitions (electoral blocks) for the purpose of participating in parliamentary elections; but on November 17, 2011 the Ukrainian Parliament approved an election law that banned the participation of blocs of political parties in [[Ukrainian elections|parliamentary elections]].<ref name=newUKRelectionlawof171111>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/117151/ Parliament passes law on parliamentary elections], [[Kyiv Post]] (November 17, 2011)</ref> Ukrainian society's trust of political parties is very low overall.<ref>Opinion poll: [http://razumkov.org.ua/eng/poll.php?poll_id=82 Do you trust political parties?] (recurrent, 2001–2009, by [[Razumkov Centre]])</ref> |
||
On January 25, 2009 there were 161 parties registered with the Ministry of Justice;<ref name=reg>[http://www.minjust.gov.ua/0/499 List of parties by time of their regitration], Ukrainian Ministry of Justice {{uk icon}}</ref> this number grew to 172 political parties on July 15, 2009.<ref name=reg/><ref>[http://www.interfax.com.ua/eng/main/17245/ Three new political parties registered in Ukraine, 172 in total, says Justice Ministry], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (July 15, 2009)</ref> and to 179 on May 14, 2010.<ref name=Fairness>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/66764/ Justice Ministry registers 179th party in Ukraine – For Fairness and Prosperity], [[Kyiv Post]] (May 14, 2010)</ref><ref name=YourUkraine/> In July 2010 there where 182 political parties registered in Ukraine.<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/71765/ Youth into Power party registered], [[Kyiv Post]] (July 2, 2010)</ref> In September 2011 197.<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/117837/ Lavrynovych: Court cancels registration certificates of five Ukrainian parties], [[Kyiv Post]] ( |
On January 25, 2009 there were 161 parties registered with the Ministry of Justice;<ref name=reg>[http://www.minjust.gov.ua/0/499 List of parties by time of their regitration], Ukrainian Ministry of Justice {{uk icon}}</ref> this number grew to 172 political parties on July 15, 2009.<ref name=reg/><ref>[http://www.interfax.com.ua/eng/main/17245/ Three new political parties registered in Ukraine, 172 in total, says Justice Ministry], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (July 15, 2009)</ref> and to 179 on May 14, 2010.<ref name=Fairness>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/66764/ Justice Ministry registers 179th party in Ukraine – For Fairness and Prosperity], [[Kyiv Post]] (May 14, 2010)</ref><ref name=YourUkraine/> In July 2010 there where 182 political parties registered in Ukraine.<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/71765/ Youth into Power party registered], [[Kyiv Post]] (July 2, 2010)</ref> In September 2011 197.<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/117837/ Lavrynovych: Court cancels registration certificates of five Ukrainian parties], [[Kyiv Post]] (November 29, 2011)</ref> |
||
==The parties== |
==The parties== |
||
Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
In the first years after [[Ukrainian independence]] political parties in Ukraine where centred around intellectuals and former [[Soviet dissidents]].<ref name="Black Sea"/> After 1991 parties where formed around politicians who had achieved power; these parties where often a vehicle of [[Ukrainian oligarchs]].<ref name="Black Sea">[http://books.google.com/books?id=D8_o-F6-_VYC&pg=PA41&dq=Ukrainian+political+parties+lack+roots&hl=nl&ei=fLNZTfONKcaAOt2HuL8F&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=intellectuals&f=false Black Sea Politics:Political Culture and Civil Society in an Unstable Region], [[I. B. Tauris]], 2005, ISBN 978-1-84511-035-2 (page 45)</ref> Scholars have defined several "[[Clans]]" in Ukrainian politics grouped around businessman and politicians from particular Ukrainian mayor cities; the "[[Donetsk]]-clan" ([[Rinat Akhmetov]], [[Viktor Yanukovich]] and [[Mykola Azarov]]), the "[[Dnipropetrovsk]]-clan" ([[Yulia Tymoshenko]], [[Leonid Kuchma]], [[Viktor Pinchuk]], [[Sergey Tigipko]] and [[Pavlo Lazarenko]]), the "[[Kiev]]-clan" ([[Viktor Medvedchuk]] and the brothers [[Surkis]]; this clan has also been linked to [[Zakarpattia Oblast|Zakarpattia]]) and the smaller "[[Kharkiv]]-clan".<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=LzChTG9xYJcC&pg=PA140&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=O2xZTdHuC8XoOaTX9a4F&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Donetsk%20clan%20Dnipropetrovsk%20clan&f=false State-Building:A Comparative Study of Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, and Russia] by [[Verena Fritz]], [[Central European University Press]], 2008, ISBN 978-963-7326-99-8 (page 189)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=9gGKtLTQlUcC&pg=PA928&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=O2xZTdHuC8XoOaTX9a4F&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Donetsk%20clan%20Dnipropetrovsk%20clan&f=false Political Parties of Eastern Europe:A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era] by [[Janusz Bugajski]], [[M.E. Sharpe]], 2002, ISBN 978-1-56324-676-0 (page 829)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=eieDJoACc1YC&pg=PA36&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=O2xZTdHuC8XoOaTX9a4F&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CGIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Donetsk%20clan%20Dnipropetrovsk%20clan&f=false Ukraine and European Society (Chatham House Papers)] by [[Tor Bukkvoll]], [[Pinter]], 1998, ISBN 978-1-85567-465-3 (page 36)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=C8C3xuqd6aMC&pg=PA160&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=9mxZTb_8E4KeOsH_sIIF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Donetsk%20clan%20Dnipropetrovsk%20clan&f=false How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy] by [[Anders Åslund]], [[Peterson Institute for International Economics]], 2009, ISBN 978-0-88132-427-3</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=fHl1Y-OYyMYC&pg=PA146&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=9mxZTb_8E4KeOsH_sIIF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=Donetsk%20clan%20Dnipropetrovsk%20clan&f=false The Rebirth of Europe] by [[Elizabeth Pond]], [[Brookings Institution Press]], 2002, ISBN 978-0-8157-7159-3 (page 146)</ref><ref name=Backes>[http://books.google.com/books?id=H23Pv4Ik3vMC&pg=PA383&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=9mxZTb_8E4KeOsH_sIIF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q&f=false Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe] by [[Uwe Backes]] and [[Patrick Moreau]], [[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]], 2008, ISBN 978-3-525-36912-8 (page 383 and 396)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FHn6GavS9c0C&pg=PA110&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=9mxZTb_8E4KeOsH_sIIF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFkQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q&f=false The Crisis of Russian Democracy:The Dual State, Factionalism and the Medvedev Succession] by [[Richard Sakwa]], [[Cambridge University Press]], 2011, ISBN 978-0-521-14522-0 (page 110)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=MTSQi1vLFU4C&pg=PA129&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=O2xZTdHuC8XoOaTX9a4F&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Donetsk%20clan%20Dnipropetrovsk%20clan&f=false To Balance or Not to Balance:Alignment Theory And the Commonwealth of Independent States by Eric A. Miller], [[Ashgate Publishing]], ISBN 978-0-7546-4334-0 (page 129)</ref><ref>[http://www.dni.gov/nic/confreports_ukrainechlnge.html Ukraine:Challenges of the Continuing Transition], [[National Intelligence Council]] (Conference Report August 1999)</ref> Professor [[Paul D'Anieri]] has argued (in 2006) that Ukrainian parties are "elite-based rather than mass-based".<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Wp7VKL4p7kQC&pg=PA190&dq=Imperative+mandate+voters%27+influence+bribery&hl=nl&ei=t1xZTe_JLYWSOteQ6LcF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=elite&f=false Understanding Ukrainian Politics:Power, Politics, And Institutional Design] by [[Paul D'Anieri]], [[M. E. Sharpe]], 2006, ISBN 978-0-7656-1811-5 (page 189)</ref> While former Ambassador of Germany to Ukraine (2000–2006) Dietmar Studemann believes that personalities are more important in Ukrainian politics than (ideological) platforms. "Parties in the proper meaning of this word do not exist in Ukraine so far. A party for [[Germans]] is its platform first, and its personalities later."<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/55635/ Former German Ambassador Studemann views superiority of personality factor as fundamental defect of Ukrainian politics], [[Kyiv Post]] (December 21, 2009)</ref> |
In the first years after [[Ukrainian independence]] political parties in Ukraine where centred around intellectuals and former [[Soviet dissidents]].<ref name="Black Sea"/> After 1991 parties where formed around politicians who had achieved power; these parties where often a vehicle of [[Ukrainian oligarchs]].<ref name="Black Sea">[http://books.google.com/books?id=D8_o-F6-_VYC&pg=PA41&dq=Ukrainian+political+parties+lack+roots&hl=nl&ei=fLNZTfONKcaAOt2HuL8F&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=intellectuals&f=false Black Sea Politics:Political Culture and Civil Society in an Unstable Region], [[I. B. Tauris]], 2005, ISBN 978-1-84511-035-2 (page 45)</ref> Scholars have defined several "[[Clans]]" in Ukrainian politics grouped around businessman and politicians from particular Ukrainian mayor cities; the "[[Donetsk]]-clan" ([[Rinat Akhmetov]], [[Viktor Yanukovich]] and [[Mykola Azarov]]), the "[[Dnipropetrovsk]]-clan" ([[Yulia Tymoshenko]], [[Leonid Kuchma]], [[Viktor Pinchuk]], [[Sergey Tigipko]] and [[Pavlo Lazarenko]]), the "[[Kiev]]-clan" ([[Viktor Medvedchuk]] and the brothers [[Surkis]]; this clan has also been linked to [[Zakarpattia Oblast|Zakarpattia]]) and the smaller "[[Kharkiv]]-clan".<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=LzChTG9xYJcC&pg=PA140&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=O2xZTdHuC8XoOaTX9a4F&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Donetsk%20clan%20Dnipropetrovsk%20clan&f=false State-Building:A Comparative Study of Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, and Russia] by [[Verena Fritz]], [[Central European University Press]], 2008, ISBN 978-963-7326-99-8 (page 189)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=9gGKtLTQlUcC&pg=PA928&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=O2xZTdHuC8XoOaTX9a4F&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Donetsk%20clan%20Dnipropetrovsk%20clan&f=false Political Parties of Eastern Europe:A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era] by [[Janusz Bugajski]], [[M.E. Sharpe]], 2002, ISBN 978-1-56324-676-0 (page 829)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=eieDJoACc1YC&pg=PA36&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=O2xZTdHuC8XoOaTX9a4F&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CGIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Donetsk%20clan%20Dnipropetrovsk%20clan&f=false Ukraine and European Society (Chatham House Papers)] by [[Tor Bukkvoll]], [[Pinter]], 1998, ISBN 978-1-85567-465-3 (page 36)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=C8C3xuqd6aMC&pg=PA160&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=9mxZTb_8E4KeOsH_sIIF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Donetsk%20clan%20Dnipropetrovsk%20clan&f=false How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy] by [[Anders Åslund]], [[Peterson Institute for International Economics]], 2009, ISBN 978-0-88132-427-3</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=fHl1Y-OYyMYC&pg=PA146&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=9mxZTb_8E4KeOsH_sIIF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=Donetsk%20clan%20Dnipropetrovsk%20clan&f=false The Rebirth of Europe] by [[Elizabeth Pond]], [[Brookings Institution Press]], 2002, ISBN 978-0-8157-7159-3 (page 146)</ref><ref name=Backes>[http://books.google.com/books?id=H23Pv4Ik3vMC&pg=PA383&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=9mxZTb_8E4KeOsH_sIIF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q&f=false Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe] by [[Uwe Backes]] and [[Patrick Moreau]], [[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]], 2008, ISBN 978-3-525-36912-8 (page 383 and 396)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FHn6GavS9c0C&pg=PA110&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=9mxZTb_8E4KeOsH_sIIF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFkQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q&f=false The Crisis of Russian Democracy:The Dual State, Factionalism and the Medvedev Succession] by [[Richard Sakwa]], [[Cambridge University Press]], 2011, ISBN 978-0-521-14522-0 (page 110)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=MTSQi1vLFU4C&pg=PA129&dq=Donetsk+clan+Dnipropetrovsk+clan&hl=nl&ei=O2xZTdHuC8XoOaTX9a4F&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Donetsk%20clan%20Dnipropetrovsk%20clan&f=false To Balance or Not to Balance:Alignment Theory And the Commonwealth of Independent States by Eric A. Miller], [[Ashgate Publishing]], ISBN 978-0-7546-4334-0 (page 129)</ref><ref>[http://www.dni.gov/nic/confreports_ukrainechlnge.html Ukraine:Challenges of the Continuing Transition], [[National Intelligence Council]] (Conference Report August 1999)</ref> Professor [[Paul D'Anieri]] has argued (in 2006) that Ukrainian parties are "elite-based rather than mass-based".<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Wp7VKL4p7kQC&pg=PA190&dq=Imperative+mandate+voters%27+influence+bribery&hl=nl&ei=t1xZTe_JLYWSOteQ6LcF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=elite&f=false Understanding Ukrainian Politics:Power, Politics, And Institutional Design] by [[Paul D'Anieri]], [[M. E. Sharpe]], 2006, ISBN 978-0-7656-1811-5 (page 189)</ref> While former Ambassador of Germany to Ukraine (2000–2006) Dietmar Studemann believes that personalities are more important in Ukrainian politics than (ideological) platforms. "Parties in the proper meaning of this word do not exist in Ukraine so far. A party for [[Germans]] is its platform first, and its personalities later."<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/55635/ Former German Ambassador Studemann views superiority of personality factor as fundamental defect of Ukrainian politics], [[Kyiv Post]] (December 21, 2009)</ref> |
||
Ukrainian parties tend not to have a clear ideology but to contain different political groups with [[diverging]] ideological outlooks.<ref name="Max Bader Center">[http://books.google.com/books?id=uD-9tyD2KrMC&pg=PA82&dq=%22Party+of+Regions%22+Political+position&hl=nl&ei=saRaTabTO8idOrmYpcAL&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Party%20of%20Regions%22%20Political%20position&f=false Against All Odds:Aiding Political Parties in Georgia and Ukraine] by [[Max Bader]], [[Vossiuspers UvA]], 2010, ISBN 978-90-5629-631-5 (page 82)</ref> Unlike in [[Western world|Western politics]], [[civilization]]al and [[geostrategic]] orientations play a more important role than |
Ukrainian parties tend not to have a clear ideology but to contain different political groups with [[diverging]] ideological outlooks.<ref name="Max Bader Center">[http://books.google.com/books?id=uD-9tyD2KrMC&pg=PA82&dq=%22Party+of+Regions%22+Political+position&hl=nl&ei=saRaTabTO8idOrmYpcAL&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Party%20of%20Regions%22%20Political%20position&f=false Against All Odds:Aiding Political Parties in Georgia and Ukraine] by [[Max Bader]], [[Vossiuspers UvA]], 2010, ISBN 978-90-5629-631-5 (page 82)</ref> Unlike in [[Western world|Western politics]], [[civilization]]al and [[geostrategic]] orientations play a more important role than economic and [[socio-political]] agendas for parties.<ref name=Umland/> This has led to [[coalition governments]] that would be unusual from a [[Western culture|Western point of view]]; for example: the [[Azarov Government]] which includes the [[Party of Regions]] with the financial backing of some [[Ukrainian oligarchs]] and the [[Communist Party of Ukraine]] and the social-democratic [[Batkivshchyna]] and the economically liberal [[European Party of Ukraine]] in the [[Second Tymoshenko Government]].<ref name=Umland/> |
||
===Major parties and blocs=== |
===Major parties and blocs=== |
||
Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
After the [[Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007|2007 parliamentary election]] the parties associated with the Our Ukraine Bloc (named [[Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc]] in 2007) lost popular support greatly while [[Front of Changes]] (the party of former Our Ukraine politician [[Arseniy Yatsenyuk]]<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/31360/ Yatsenyuk forecasts immigration flow-out due to economic crisis], [[Kyiv Post]] (November 28, 2008)</ref>) and [[Strong Ukraine]] achieved good results in polls for the [[next Ukrainian parliamentary election]] and in the [[Ukrainian local elections, 2010|2010 local elections]]; so did [[All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda"]], a party who can not be placed in the above mentioned two major movements.<ref name=Umland/><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2010/11/8/5552584/ Results of the elections, preliminary data, on interactive maps] by [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (November 8, 2010)</ref><ref>{{uk icon}}[http://vkurse.ua/ua/politics/pustili-by-v-radu-6-partiy.html Sofiya]</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://newsru.ua/ukraine/01nov2010/exitpoll.html GFK exit-poll][http://europe.newsru.ua/article/6178038 GFK] [http://www.edc.org.ua/ua/elections/polls/view GFK]</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2010/10/20/5497119/ Razumkov Center 05.10.2010]</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://ua.korrespondent.net/ukraine/1109676 Razumkov Center 23.08.2010]</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://ua.korrespondent.net/ukraine/1109676 Razumkov Center 23.08.2010, May data included]</ref><ref>{{ru icon}} [http://bd.fom.ru/report/map/ukrain/ukrain_eo/du081901\</ref><ref>{{ru icon}} [http://bd.fom.ru/report/map/ukrain/ukrain_eo/du081001]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uceps.org/poll.php?poll_id=377 |title=Razumkov Centre |publisher=Uceps.org |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/158736.html|title=KIIS Poll: Party Of Regions, Tymoshenko Bloc, and Communist Party Will Be Elected Into Parliament|publisher=Ukrainian News Agency|date=October 27, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{ru icon}} [http://bd.fom.ru/report/map/ukrain/ukrain_eo/du081101#Abs1]</ref><ref>BYT, Regions Party, Communist Party, Bloc Of Lytvyn, And Bloc Of Yatseniuk Might Override 3% Election Threshold, According To FOM-Ukraine Poll, Ukrainian News Agency (November 26, 2008)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uceps.org/news.php?news_id=140 |title=Razumkov Centre |publisher=Uceps.org |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/view/32639/yanukovychs_party_leads_in_ukraine Angus Reid Global Monitor ] January 18, 2009</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zaxid.net/newsua/2009/2/5/150201/ |title=zaxid.net |language={{ua icon}} |publisher=zaxid.net |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2009/2/5/89164.htm |title=pravda.com.ua |publisher=pravda.com.ua |date=February 5, 2009 |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://razumkov.org.ua/ukr/poll.php?poll_id=115 |title=Razumkov Centre |publisher=Razumkov.org.ua |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.rb.com.ua/eng/politics/ratings/ Рейтинг партий]{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/201548.html FOM-Ukraine Poll: Regions Party, BYT, Yatseniuk Bloc, Communist Party Enter Rada], [[Ukrainian News Agency]] (June 2, 2009)</ref><ref>[http://www.unian.net/eng/news/news-318863.html Party of Regions remains leader of electoral sympathies in Ukraine – poll], [[UNIAN]] (June 2, 2009)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukranews.com/ukr/article/213954.html |title=Ukrainian news |publisher=Ukranews.com |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/63737/ Party Of Regions, Tymoshenko bloc, Strong Ukraine, Front for Change and Communist Party would get into parliament], [[Kyiv Post]] (April 12, 2010</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ratinggroup.com.ua/upload/files/RG_ratingsUA_122010.pdf |title=lectoral moods of the Ukrainian population: December 2010 |format=PDF |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref> |
After the [[Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007|2007 parliamentary election]] the parties associated with the Our Ukraine Bloc (named [[Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc]] in 2007) lost popular support greatly while [[Front of Changes]] (the party of former Our Ukraine politician [[Arseniy Yatsenyuk]]<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/31360/ Yatsenyuk forecasts immigration flow-out due to economic crisis], [[Kyiv Post]] (November 28, 2008)</ref>) and [[Strong Ukraine]] achieved good results in polls for the [[next Ukrainian parliamentary election]] and in the [[Ukrainian local elections, 2010|2010 local elections]]; so did [[All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda"]], a party who can not be placed in the above mentioned two major movements.<ref name=Umland/><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2010/11/8/5552584/ Results of the elections, preliminary data, on interactive maps] by [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (November 8, 2010)</ref><ref>{{uk icon}}[http://vkurse.ua/ua/politics/pustili-by-v-radu-6-partiy.html Sofiya]</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://newsru.ua/ukraine/01nov2010/exitpoll.html GFK exit-poll][http://europe.newsru.ua/article/6178038 GFK] [http://www.edc.org.ua/ua/elections/polls/view GFK]</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2010/10/20/5497119/ Razumkov Center 05.10.2010]</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://ua.korrespondent.net/ukraine/1109676 Razumkov Center 23.08.2010]</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://ua.korrespondent.net/ukraine/1109676 Razumkov Center 23.08.2010, May data included]</ref><ref>{{ru icon}} [http://bd.fom.ru/report/map/ukrain/ukrain_eo/du081901\</ref><ref>{{ru icon}} [http://bd.fom.ru/report/map/ukrain/ukrain_eo/du081001]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uceps.org/poll.php?poll_id=377 |title=Razumkov Centre |publisher=Uceps.org |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/158736.html|title=KIIS Poll: Party Of Regions, Tymoshenko Bloc, and Communist Party Will Be Elected Into Parliament|publisher=Ukrainian News Agency|date=October 27, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{ru icon}} [http://bd.fom.ru/report/map/ukrain/ukrain_eo/du081101#Abs1]</ref><ref>BYT, Regions Party, Communist Party, Bloc Of Lytvyn, And Bloc Of Yatseniuk Might Override 3% Election Threshold, According To FOM-Ukraine Poll, Ukrainian News Agency (November 26, 2008)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uceps.org/news.php?news_id=140 |title=Razumkov Centre |publisher=Uceps.org |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/view/32639/yanukovychs_party_leads_in_ukraine Angus Reid Global Monitor ] January 18, 2009</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zaxid.net/newsua/2009/2/5/150201/ |title=zaxid.net |language={{ua icon}} |publisher=zaxid.net |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2009/2/5/89164.htm |title=pravda.com.ua |publisher=pravda.com.ua |date=February 5, 2009 |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://razumkov.org.ua/ukr/poll.php?poll_id=115 |title=Razumkov Centre |publisher=Razumkov.org.ua |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.rb.com.ua/eng/politics/ratings/ Рейтинг партий]{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/201548.html FOM-Ukraine Poll: Regions Party, BYT, Yatseniuk Bloc, Communist Party Enter Rada], [[Ukrainian News Agency]] (June 2, 2009)</ref><ref>[http://www.unian.net/eng/news/news-318863.html Party of Regions remains leader of electoral sympathies in Ukraine – poll], [[UNIAN]] (June 2, 2009)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukranews.com/ukr/article/213954.html |title=Ukrainian news |publisher=Ukranews.com |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/63737/ Party Of Regions, Tymoshenko bloc, Strong Ukraine, Front for Change and Communist Party would get into parliament], [[Kyiv Post]] (April 12, 2010</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ratinggroup.com.ua/upload/files/RG_ratingsUA_122010.pdf |title=lectoral moods of the Ukrainian population: December 2010 |format=PDF |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref> |
||
In August 2011 Strong Ukraine and [[People's Party (Ukraine)|People's Party]] announced that both will merge with Party of Regions.<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/111443 Azarov: We welcome other parties joining Regions Party], [[Kyiv Post]] (August 23, 2011)</ref><ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/110925/ Azarov: Regions Party teams up with Strong Ukraine], [[Kyiv Post]] (August 16, 2011)</ref> The merge between People's Party and Party of Regions did not materialize.<ref name=nomergePPPoR>{{uk icon}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2011/12/12/6831276/ Литвин поведе Народну партію на вибори саму], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] ( |
In August 2011 Strong Ukraine and [[People's Party (Ukraine)|People's Party]] announced that both will merge with Party of Regions.<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/111443 Azarov: We welcome other parties joining Regions Party], [[Kyiv Post]] (August 23, 2011)</ref><ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/110925/ Azarov: Regions Party teams up with Strong Ukraine], [[Kyiv Post]] (August 16, 2011)</ref> The merge between People's Party and Party of Regions did not materialize.<ref name=nomergePPPoR>{{uk icon}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2011/12/12/6831276/ Литвин поведе Народну партію на вибори саму], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (December 12, 2011)</ref> |
||
November 17, 2011 the Ukrainian Parliament approved an election law that banned the participation of blocs of political parties in [[Ukrainian elections|parliamentary elections]];<ref name=newUKRelectionlawof171111/> since then several parties have merged with other parties.<ref>{{uk icon}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2011/12/18/6846740/ "Наша Україна" й УНП почали об’єднання з Дніпропетровська], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (December 18, 2011)</ref><ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/119779/ Tymoshenko, Lutsenko aware of their parties' unification], [[Kyiv Post]] (December 29, 2011)</ref><ref>{{uk icon}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2011/12/3/6810284/ Одна з партій НУНС перейменувалася та змінила голову], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (December 3, 2011)</ref> |
|||
====Parliamentary factions==== |
====Parliamentary factions==== |
||
It is possible for 15 or more deputies to form a parliamentary faction (a lawmaker can join only one faction; the chairman and his two assistants cannot head factions of deputies).<ref name=FINANCIAL>[http://www.finchannel.com/Main_News/Ukraine/72720_Rada_Approves_Cancellation_Of_Rule_That_Bans_Deputies_From_Switching_Factions_/ Rada Approves Cancellation Of Rule That Bans Deputies From Switching Factions], |
It is possible for 15 or more deputies to form a parliamentary faction (a lawmaker can join only one faction; the chairman and his two assistants cannot head factions of deputies).<ref name=FINANCIAL>[http://www.finchannel.com/Main_News/Ukraine/72720_Rada_Approves_Cancellation_Of_Rule_That_Bans_Deputies_From_Switching_Factions_/ Rada Approves Cancellation Of Rule That Bans Deputies From Switching Factions], FINANCIAL (October 8, 2010)</ref><ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/84619/ Update: Return to 1996 Constitution strengthens president, raises legal questions], [[Kyiv Post]] (October 1, 2010)</ref><ref name=PACEcrt>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/opinion/op_ed/detail/85146/ Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe: The functioning of democratic institutions in Ukraine], [[Kyiv Post]] (October 5, 2010)</ref><ref>{{Cite Ukrainian law|type=Verkhovna Rada decree|number=2222-IV|law=2222-15|name=About the amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine|date=December 8, 2004}}</ref><ref name=1996rulesagain>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/85569/ Rada amends regulations of its activities], [[Kyiv Post]] (October 8, 2010)</ref> hence not all parties are currently represented in the Verkhovna Rada have their own faction.<ref name=ithaschanged>{{uk icon}} [http://gska2.rada.gov.ua/pls/site/p_fractions Депутатські фракції], [[Verkhovna Rada]]</ref> Factions are collored raspberry.<ref name=ithaschanged/> |
||
*<font color=#E30B5C>[[Party of Regions]]</font color> |
*<font color=#E30B5C>[[Party of Regions]]</font color> |
||
*<font color=#E30B5C>Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko |
*<font color=#E30B5C>Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko – Fatherland</font color> (In November 2010 the [[Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko]] faction in the Verkhovna Rada was officially renamed Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko – Fatherland.<ref>{{uk icon}} [http://vikna.stb.ua/ua/news/2010/11/16/42193/ Фракція БЮТ змінила свою назву], [[STB (Channel)|STB]] (November 16, 2010)</ref>) |
||
**[[Motherland Party (Ukraine)|All-Ukrainian Union Fatherland]] (United Opposition) |
**[[Motherland Party (Ukraine)|All-Ukrainian Union Fatherland]] (United Opposition) |
||
**[[Reforms and Order Party]], (merged with All-Ukrainian Union Fatherland (United Oppostion) for 2012 parliamentary elections) |
**[[Reforms and Order Party]], (merged with All-Ukrainian Union Fatherland (United Oppostion) for 2012 parliamentary elections) |
||
Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
*<font color=#E30B5C>Independent deputies</font color> |
*<font color=#E30B5C>Independent deputies</font color> |
||
**Parliamentary leadership (presidium) |
**Parliamentary leadership (presidium) |
||
**[[Ukraine – Forward!]] (based on the former [[Ukrainian Social Democratic Party]]<ref name=spring2012addsKoro>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/125197/ Korolevska everywhere, but is she going anywhere?], [[Kyiv Post]] ( |
**[[Ukraine – Forward!]] (based on the former [[Ukrainian Social Democratic Party]]<ref name=spring2012addsKoro>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/125197/ Korolevska everywhere, but is she going anywhere?], [[Kyiv Post]] (March 30, 2012)</ref>) |
||
=====Parties of which members are deputies in the [[Verkhovna Rada]] although the parties itself did not participate in the [[Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007|2007 parliamentary election]]===== |
=====Parties of which members are deputies in the [[Verkhovna Rada]] although the parties itself did not participate in the [[Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007|2007 parliamentary election]]===== |
||
*[[Front of Changes]] (Members are part of the Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc faction.<ref name=ithaschanged/>), (merged with All-Ukrainian Union Fatherland (United Oppostion) for 2012 parliamentary elections) |
*[[Front of Changes]] (Members are part of the Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc faction.<ref name=ithaschanged/>), (merged with All-Ukrainian Union Fatherland (United Oppostion) for 2012 parliamentary elections) |
||
*[[United Centre]] (Members are part of the Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc faction.<ref name=ithaschanged/>) |
*[[United Centre]] (Members are part of the Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc faction.<ref name=ithaschanged/>) |
||
*[[Communist Party of Workers and Peasants]] (Chairman [[Leonid Hrach]] was expelled from the Communist Party and its faction in the Verkhovna Rada in December 2010<ref>[http://www.kievpost.net/news/politics/detail/98742/ Hrach claims he has evidence of corruption in Communist Party leadership], [[Kyiv Post]] ( |
*[[Communist Party of Workers and Peasants]] (Chairman [[Leonid Hrach]] was expelled from the Communist Party and its faction in the Verkhovna Rada in December 2010<ref>[http://www.kievpost.net/news/politics/detail/98742/ Hrach claims he has evidence of corruption in Communist Party leadership], [[Kyiv Post]] (April 20, 2012)</ref>) |
||
* [[Radical Party of Ukraine]] is represented by Oleh Lyashko (Fatherland) |
* [[Radical Party of Ukraine]] is represented by Oleh Lyashko (Fatherland) |
||
=====Defunct parties that did participate in the [[Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007|2007 parliamentary election]] and where elected into the [[Verkhovna Rada]] at the time===== |
=====Defunct parties that did participate in the [[Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007|2007 parliamentary election]] and where elected into the [[Verkhovna Rada]] at the time===== |
||
*[[Strong Ukraine]]<ref>{{uk icon}} [http://gazeta.ua/index.php?id=328193 Тігіпко створив свій виборчий блок], Gazeta.ua (February 22, 2010)</ref> (Strong Ukraine merged with [[Party of Regions]] on |
*[[Strong Ukraine]]<ref>{{uk icon}} [http://gazeta.ua/index.php?id=328193 Тігіпко створив свій виборчий блок], Gazeta.ua (February 22, 2010)</ref> (Strong Ukraine merged with [[Party of Regions]] on March 17, 2012<ref name=finmergePORSU>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/124603/ Tigipko hooks up with Party of Regions], [[Kyiv Post]] (March 20, 2012)<br>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/124446 Strong Ukraine party decides on disbanding to join Regions Party], [[Kyiv Post]] (March 17, 2012)</ref>; the former members of Strong Ukraine remanied part of the People's Party faction<ref name=ithaschanged/>) |
||
===Former parliamentarian parties and factions=== |
===Former parliamentarian parties and factions=== |
||
Line 102: | Line 102: | ||
===Major Regional Parties and electoral blocs=== |
===Major Regional Parties and electoral blocs=== |
||
===[[Kiev Oblast]]/[[Kiev City Council|City]]=== |
===[[Kiev Oblast]]/[[Kiev City Council|City]]=== |
||
*[[Leonid Chernovetskyi Bloc]] (Disbanded itself on |
*[[Leonid Chernovetskyi Bloc]] (Disbanded itself on September 22, 2011<ref>[http://www.unian.net/eng/news/news-458264.html Faction of Chernovetksyi’s Bloc stopped its existence], [[UNIAN]] (September 23, 2011)<br>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/city/detail/113318/ Chernovetsky Bloc in Kyiv City Council disbanded], [[Kyiv Post]] (September 22, 2011)</ref>) |
||
**[[Christian Liberal Party of Ukraine]]<ref name="CDU">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/157933.html |title=Ukranian News |publisher=Ukranews.com |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref> |
**[[Christian Liberal Party of Ukraine]]<ref name="CDU">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/157933.html |title=Ukranian News |publisher=Ukranews.com |accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref> |
||
**[[Christian Democratic Union (Ukraine)|Christian Democratic Union]]<ref name="CDU"/> |
**[[Christian Democratic Union (Ukraine)|Christian Democratic Union]]<ref name="CDU"/> |
||
=== |
===Crimea=== |
||
*[[For Yanukovych!]] (associated with [[Party of Regions]]; (only) participated in the [[Crimean parliamentary election, 2006|2006 Crimean parliamentary election]]<ref>[http://www.taraskuzio.net/media13_files/26.pdf Kiev fails to end Crimea's ethnic tension], [[Oxford Analytica]] (February 7, 2007)<br>{{uk icon}} [http://gazeta.ua/index.php?id=286990 У Януковича в Криму проблеми], Gazeta.ua (March 26, 2009)<br>{{uk icon}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2009/9/15/101613.htm Соратник Януковича розповів, за що його вигнали з партії], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (September 15, 2009)<br>[http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2010-11-04/local-government-elections-ukraine-last-stage-party-regions-takeover- Local government elections in Ukraine: last stage in the Party of Regions’ takeover of power], [[Centre for Eastern Studies]] (October 4, 2010)</ref>) |
*[[For Yanukovych!]] (associated with [[Party of Regions]]; (only) participated in the [[Crimean parliamentary election, 2006|2006 Crimean parliamentary election]]<ref>[http://www.taraskuzio.net/media13_files/26.pdf Kiev fails to end Crimea's ethnic tension], [[Oxford Analytica]] (February 7, 2007)<br>{{uk icon}} [http://gazeta.ua/index.php?id=286990 У Януковича в Криму проблеми], Gazeta.ua (March 26, 2009)<br>{{uk icon}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2009/9/15/101613.htm Соратник Януковича розповів, за що його вигнали з партії], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (September 15, 2009)<br>[http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2010-11-04/local-government-elections-ukraine-last-stage-party-regions-takeover- Local government elections in Ukraine: last stage in the Party of Regions’ takeover of power], [[Centre for Eastern Studies]] (October 4, 2010)</ref>) |
||
*Solidarity (associated with [[Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)]]) |
*Solidarity (associated with [[Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)]]) |
||
Line 112: | Line 112: | ||
===Defunct parties (and electoral blocs)=== |
===Defunct parties (and electoral blocs)=== |
||
This list of other alliances (on |
This list of other alliances (on November 17, 2011 the Ukrainian Parliament approved an election law that banned the participation of blocs of political parties in [[Ukrainian elections|parliamentary elections]]<ref name=newUKRelectionlawof171111/>) and [[wikt:defunct|defunct]] parties is based on the parties and alliance that did take part in parliamentary elections before the [[Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007|last Ukrainian national election]] but have not taken part in any national election since then, some party's did change to different political alliances since then. |
||
*[[For Ukraine!]] (formerly Party of Social Protection),<ref name=FFCHANGE>{{uk icon}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2011/12/22/6857115/ Кириленко об'єднався з Яценюком], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] ( |
*[[For Ukraine!]] (formerly Party of Social Protection),<ref name=FFCHANGE>{{uk icon}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2011/12/22/6857115/ Кириленко об'єднався з Яценюком], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (December 22 2011)</ref> merged with [[Front of Changes]] |
||
*[[Ukrainian Peasant Democratic Party]]<ref name=gazeta.ua/> |
*[[Ukrainian Peasant Democratic Party]]<ref name=gazeta.ua/> |
||
*[[People's Power party (Ukraine)|People Power]],<ref name=gazeta.ua/> merged with [[United Left and Peasants]] |
*[[People's Power party (Ukraine)|People Power]],<ref name=gazeta.ua/> merged with [[United Left and Peasants]] |
||
*[[Justice Party (Ukraine)|Justice Party]]<ref name=gazeta.ua/> |
*[[Justice Party (Ukraine)|Justice Party]]<ref name=gazeta.ua/> |
||
*[[Rural Revival Party]]<ref name=gazeta.ua/> |
*[[Rural Revival Party]]<ref name=gazeta.ua/> |
||
*All-Ukrainian Patriotic Union.<ref name=gazeta.ua>{{uk icon}} [http://gazeta.ua/articles/politics-newspaper/_socpartiji-ne-spodobalasya-nazva-ob-ednani-livi-i-selyani/415031 Соцпартії не сподобалася назва "Об'єднані ліві і селяни"], [[Gazeta.ua]] ( |
*All-Ukrainian Patriotic Union.<ref name=gazeta.ua>{{uk icon}} [http://gazeta.ua/articles/politics-newspaper/_socpartiji-ne-spodobalasya-nazva-ob-ednani-livi-i-selyani/415031 Соцпартії не сподобалася назва "Об'єднані ліві і селяни"], [[Gazeta.ua]] (December 16 2011)</ref> |
||
*[[Ukrainian Regional Asset]] |
*[[Ukrainian Regional Asset]] |
||
*[[Bloc of the Party of Pensioners of Ukraine]] |
*[[Bloc of the Party of Pensioners of Ukraine]] |
Revision as of 09:45, 17 September 2012
![]() |
---|
![]() |
This article lists political parties in Ukraine. Ukraine has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.
Many parties in Ukraine have very small memberships and are unknown to the general public. Party membership in Ukraine is lower than 1% of the population eligible to vote (compared to a average 4.7% in the European Union[1]).[2][3] National parties currently not represented in Ukraine’s national parliament Verkhovna Rada do have representatives in municipal counsels.[4][5][6][7] Small parties used to join in multi-party coalitions (electoral blocks) for the purpose of participating in parliamentary elections; but on November 17, 2011 the Ukrainian Parliament approved an election law that banned the participation of blocs of political parties in parliamentary elections.[8] Ukrainian society's trust of political parties is very low overall.[9]
On January 25, 2009 there were 161 parties registered with the Ministry of Justice;[10] this number grew to 172 political parties on July 15, 2009.[10][11] and to 179 on May 14, 2010.[12][13] In July 2010 there where 182 political parties registered in Ukraine.[14] In September 2011 197.[15]
The parties
In the first years after Ukrainian independence political parties in Ukraine where centred around intellectuals and former Soviet dissidents.[16] After 1991 parties where formed around politicians who had achieved power; these parties where often a vehicle of Ukrainian oligarchs.[16] Scholars have defined several "Clans" in Ukrainian politics grouped around businessman and politicians from particular Ukrainian mayor cities; the "Donetsk-clan" (Rinat Akhmetov, Viktor Yanukovich and Mykola Azarov), the "Dnipropetrovsk-clan" (Yulia Tymoshenko, Leonid Kuchma, Viktor Pinchuk, Sergey Tigipko and Pavlo Lazarenko), the "Kiev-clan" (Viktor Medvedchuk and the brothers Surkis; this clan has also been linked to Zakarpattia) and the smaller "Kharkiv-clan".[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Professor Paul D'Anieri has argued (in 2006) that Ukrainian parties are "elite-based rather than mass-based".[26] While former Ambassador of Germany to Ukraine (2000–2006) Dietmar Studemann believes that personalities are more important in Ukrainian politics than (ideological) platforms. "Parties in the proper meaning of this word do not exist in Ukraine so far. A party for Germans is its platform first, and its personalities later."[27]
Ukrainian parties tend not to have a clear ideology but to contain different political groups with diverging ideological outlooks.[28] Unlike in Western politics, civilizational and geostrategic orientations play a more important role than economic and socio-political agendas for parties.[29] This has led to coalition governments that would be unusual from a Western point of view; for example: the Azarov Government which includes the Party of Regions with the financial backing of some Ukrainian oligarchs and the Communist Party of Ukraine and the social-democratic Batkivshchyna and the economically liberal European Party of Ukraine in the Second Tymoshenko Government.[29]
Major parties and blocs
There have been two major movements in the Ukrainian parliament since its independence:[22][29][30]
- a pro-Western and pro-European general liberal national democrats who from time to time featured individual politicians with a nationalist past (for example Andriy Shkil, Andriy Parubiy and Levko Lukyanenko) with the Our Ukraine Blocs and Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko as its frontrunners[31]
- a pro-Russian, latently Eurosceptic, often anti-American and partly anti-liberal group of parties, which in the 1990s was dominated by the Communist Party of Ukraine, and is now dominated by the Party of Regions.[29][31]
After the 2007 parliamentary election the parties associated with the Our Ukraine Bloc (named Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc in 2007) lost popular support greatly while Front of Changes (the party of former Our Ukraine politician Arseniy Yatsenyuk[32]) and Strong Ukraine achieved good results in polls for the next Ukrainian parliamentary election and in the 2010 local elections; so did All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda", a party who can not be placed in the above mentioned two major movements.[29][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]
In August 2011 Strong Ukraine and People's Party announced that both will merge with Party of Regions.[56][57] The merge between People's Party and Party of Regions did not materialize.[58]
November 17, 2011 the Ukrainian Parliament approved an election law that banned the participation of blocs of political parties in parliamentary elections;[8] since then several parties have merged with other parties.[59][60][61]
Parliamentary factions
It is possible for 15 or more deputies to form a parliamentary faction (a lawmaker can join only one faction; the chairman and his two assistants cannot head factions of deputies).[62][63][64][65][66] hence not all parties are currently represented in the Verkhovna Rada have their own faction.[67] Factions are collored raspberry.[67]
- Party of Regions
- Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko – Fatherland (In November 2010 the Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko faction in the Verkhovna Rada was officially renamed Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko – Fatherland.[68])
- All-Ukrainian Union Fatherland (United Opposition)
- Reforms and Order Party, (merged with All-Ukrainian Union Fatherland (United Oppostion) for 2012 parliamentary elections)
- Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc
- People's Union "Our Ukraine"[69]
- Christian Democratic Union
- People's Self-Defense Political Party (Former Forward, Ukraine![70]) (merged with All-Ukrainian Union Fatherland (United Oppostion) for 2012 parliamentary elections)
- People's Movement of Ukraine,[71] (merged with All-Ukrainian Union Fatherland (United Oppostion) for 2012 parliamentary elections)
- Ukrainian People's Party[72]
- Ukrainian Platform "Sobor"[73]
- European Party of Ukraine
- PORA[74]
- Motherland Defenders Party
- Communist Party of Ukraine
- People's Party faction (In November 2010 the Lytvyn Bloc faction in the Verkhovna Rada was renamed People's Party faction.[75])
Parliamentary factions (created during the current convocation)
- Reforms for the Future
- Independent deputies
- Parliamentary leadership (presidium)
- Ukraine – Forward! (based on the former Ukrainian Social Democratic Party[76])
Parties of which members are deputies in the Verkhovna Rada although the parties itself did not participate in the 2007 parliamentary election
- Front of Changes (Members are part of the Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc faction.[67]), (merged with All-Ukrainian Union Fatherland (United Oppostion) for 2012 parliamentary elections)
- United Centre (Members are part of the Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc faction.[67])
- Communist Party of Workers and Peasants (Chairman Leonid Hrach was expelled from the Communist Party and its faction in the Verkhovna Rada in December 2010[77])
- Radical Party of Ukraine is represented by Oleh Lyashko (Fatherland)
Defunct parties that did participate in the 2007 parliamentary election and where elected into the Verkhovna Rada at the time
- Strong Ukraine[78] (Strong Ukraine merged with Party of Regions on March 17, 2012[79]; the former members of Strong Ukraine remanied part of the People's Party faction[67])
Former parliamentarian parties and factions
- Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (as part of National Front and Our Ukraine)
- Socialist Party of Ukraine
- Democratic Party of Ukraine
- People's Democratic Party
- Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)
- Republican Christian Party
- Youth Party of Ukraine
- Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs
- Party of National Economic Development of Ukraine
- Party of Greens of Ukraine
- Peasant Party of Ukraine
- Hromada
- All-Ukrainian Union "Freedom" (as Social-National Party of Ukraine)
- Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine
- Ukrainian National Assembly - Ukrainian National Self Defence
Minor parties
- Political Party "Cathedral Ukraine"
- All-Ukrainian Union "Center"
- All-Ukrainian Chornobyl People's Party "For the Welfare and Protection of the People"
- Civil Position, (merged with All-Ukrainian Union Fatherland (United Oppostion) for 2012 parliamentary elections)
- Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)
- Conscience of Ukraine
- All-Ukrainian Political Party "Ecology and Social Protection"
- For Fairness and Prosperity[12]
- Party of Free Democrats
- Internet Party of Ukraine
- National-Democratic Association "Ukraine"
- All-Ukrainian Party of Peace and Unity
- People's Party New Ukraine
- All-Ukrainian Party of People's Trust
- Political Party of Small and Medium-sized Businesses of Ukraine
- Social-Christian Party
- Party "Union"
- Union of Leftists
- United Left and Peasants
- Viche
- Your Ukraine[13]
Major Regional Parties and electoral blocs
Kiev Oblast/City
- Leonid Chernovetskyi Bloc (Disbanded itself on September 22, 2011[80])
Crimea
- For Yanukovych! (associated with Party of Regions; (only) participated in the 2006 Crimean parliamentary election[82])
- Solidarity (associated with Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united))
- Krym
Defunct parties (and electoral blocs)
This list of other alliances (on November 17, 2011 the Ukrainian Parliament approved an election law that banned the participation of blocs of political parties in parliamentary elections[8]) and defunct parties is based on the parties and alliance that did take part in parliamentary elections before the last Ukrainian national election but have not taken part in any national election since then, some party's did change to different political alliances since then.
- For Ukraine! (formerly Party of Social Protection),[83] merged with Front of Changes
- Ukrainian Peasant Democratic Party[84]
- People Power,[84] merged with United Left and Peasants
- Justice Party[84]
- Rural Revival Party[84]
- All-Ukrainian Patriotic Union.[84]
- Ukrainian Regional Asset
- Bloc of the Party of Pensioners of Ukraine
- KUCHMA Electoral Bloc of Political Parties
- Peasants' Bloc "Agrarian Ukraine"
- Peasants' Bloc "Agrarian Ukraine"
- Ukrainian People's Bloc
- Christian Bloc
- All-Ukrainian Community
- Lazarenko Bloc
- Hromada
- Social Democratic Union
- Social Democratic Party of Ukraine
- Opposition Bloc "Ne Tak"
- Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)
- Republican Party of Ukraine
- Women for the Future All-Ukrainian Political Union
- Political Party "All-Ukrainian Union Center"
- People's Opposition Bloc of Natalia Vitrenko
- Ukrainian National Bloc of Kostenko and Plyushch
- Team of Winter Generation
- Yabluko
- Unity
- Social Democratic Union
- Young Ukraine
- Ukrayins'ka Partiya Spravedlivosti – Soyuz Veteraniv, Invalidiv, Chornobil'tsiv, Afgantsiv
- Democratic Party of Ukraine
- Democratic Union
- Party of Christian-Popular Union
- Republican Christian Party
- Solidarity
- For United Ukraine
- Workers Resistance
- Liberal Party of Ukraine
- Ukrainian Beer Lovers Party
- Statehood
- People's Council
- Group 239
Ukrainian parties before 1991
- Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party
- Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionary Party
- Ukrainian Communist Party
- Borotbists
- Ukrainian Socialist Party (1900)
- Ukrainian Socialist Party (1950)
See also
References
- ^ Research, European Union Democracy Observatory
- ^ Ukraine: Comprehensive Partnership for a Real Democracy, Center for International Private Enterprise, 2010
- ^ Poll: Ukrainians unhappy with domestic economic situation, their own lives, Kyiv Post (September 12, 2011)
- ^ Template:Uk icon Сергій Одарич формуватиме більшість у міськраді Черкас, Cherkasy city council website (November 8, 2010)
- ^ Template:Uk icon Мером Львова обрано Андрія Садового, ЛьвівNEWS (November , 2010)
- ^ Template:Uk icon На виборах мера Полтави переміг Олександр Мамай, Дзеркало тижня (November 6, 2010)
- ^ Template:Uk icon Официальные результаты голосования по выборам в Севастопольский городской совет, SevNews (November 5, 2010)
- ^ a b c Parliament passes law on parliamentary elections, Kyiv Post (November 17, 2011)
- ^ Opinion poll: Do you trust political parties? (recurrent, 2001–2009, by Razumkov Centre)
- ^ a b List of parties by time of their regitration, Ukrainian Ministry of Justice Template:Uk icon
- ^ Three new political parties registered in Ukraine, 172 in total, says Justice Ministry, Interfax-Ukraine (July 15, 2009)
- ^ a b Justice Ministry registers 179th party in Ukraine – For Fairness and Prosperity, Kyiv Post (May 14, 2010)
- ^ a b Justice Ministry registers Your Ukraine Party, Kyiv Post (May 5, 2010)
- ^ Youth into Power party registered, Kyiv Post (July 2, 2010)
- ^ Lavrynovych: Court cancels registration certificates of five Ukrainian parties, Kyiv Post (November 29, 2011)
- ^ a b Black Sea Politics:Political Culture and Civil Society in an Unstable Region, I. B. Tauris, 2005, ISBN 978-1-84511-035-2 (page 45)
- ^ State-Building:A Comparative Study of Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, and Russia by Verena Fritz, Central European University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-963-7326-99-8 (page 189)
- ^ Political Parties of Eastern Europe:A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era by Janusz Bugajski, M.E. Sharpe, 2002, ISBN 978-1-56324-676-0 (page 829)
- ^ Ukraine and European Society (Chatham House Papers) by Tor Bukkvoll, Pinter, 1998, ISBN 978-1-85567-465-3 (page 36)
- ^ How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy by Anders Åslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2009, ISBN 978-0-88132-427-3
- ^ The Rebirth of Europe by Elizabeth Pond, Brookings Institution Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-8157-7159-3 (page 146)
- ^ a b Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe by Uwe Backes and Patrick Moreau, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2008, ISBN 978-3-525-36912-8 (page 383 and 396)
- ^ The Crisis of Russian Democracy:The Dual State, Factionalism and the Medvedev Succession by Richard Sakwa, Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-521-14522-0 (page 110)
- ^ To Balance or Not to Balance:Alignment Theory And the Commonwealth of Independent States by Eric A. Miller, Ashgate Publishing, ISBN 978-0-7546-4334-0 (page 129)
- ^ Ukraine:Challenges of the Continuing Transition, National Intelligence Council (Conference Report August 1999)
- ^ Understanding Ukrainian Politics:Power, Politics, And Institutional Design by Paul D'Anieri, M. E. Sharpe, 2006, ISBN 978-0-7656-1811-5 (page 189)
- ^ Former German Ambassador Studemann views superiority of personality factor as fundamental defect of Ukrainian politics, Kyiv Post (December 21, 2009)
- ^ Against All Odds:Aiding Political Parties in Georgia and Ukraine by Max Bader, Vossiuspers UvA, 2010, ISBN 978-90-5629-631-5 (page 82)
- ^ a b c d e Ukraine right-wing politics: is the genie out of the bottle?, openDemocracy.net (January 3, 2011)
- ^ Pro-Russian bloc leads in Ukraine, BBC News (March 26, 2006)
- ^ a b Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe by Uwe Backes and Patrick Moreau, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2008, ISBN 978-3-525-36912-8 (page 396)
- ^ Yatsenyuk forecasts immigration flow-out due to economic crisis, Kyiv Post (November 28, 2008)
- ^ Template:Uk icon Results of the elections, preliminary data, on interactive maps by Ukrayinska Pravda (November 8, 2010)
- ^ Template:Uk iconSofiya
- ^ Template:Uk icon GFK exit-pollGFK GFK
- ^ Template:Uk icon Razumkov Center 05.10.2010
- ^ Template:Uk icon Razumkov Center 23.08.2010
- ^ Template:Uk icon Razumkov Center 23.08.2010, May data included
- ^ Template:Ru icon [http://bd.fom.ru/report/map/ukrain/ukrain_eo/du081901\
- ^ Template:Ru icon [1]
- ^ "Razumkov Centre". Uceps.org. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- ^ "KIIS Poll: Party Of Regions, Tymoshenko Bloc, and Communist Party Will Be Elected Into Parliament". Ukrainian News Agency. October 27, 2008.
- ^ Template:Ru icon [2]
- ^ BYT, Regions Party, Communist Party, Bloc Of Lytvyn, And Bloc Of Yatseniuk Might Override 3% Election Threshold, According To FOM-Ukraine Poll, Ukrainian News Agency (November 26, 2008)
- ^ "Razumkov Centre". Uceps.org. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- ^ Angus Reid Global Monitor January 18, 2009
- ^ "zaxid.net" (in Template:Ua icon). zaxid.net. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "pravda.com.ua". pravda.com.ua. February 5, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- ^ "Razumkov Centre". Razumkov.org.ua. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- ^ Рейтинг партий[dead link]
- ^ FOM-Ukraine Poll: Regions Party, BYT, Yatseniuk Bloc, Communist Party Enter Rada, Ukrainian News Agency (June 2, 2009)
- ^ Party of Regions remains leader of electoral sympathies in Ukraine – poll, UNIAN (June 2, 2009)
- ^ "Ukrainian news". Ukranews.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- ^ Party Of Regions, Tymoshenko bloc, Strong Ukraine, Front for Change and Communist Party would get into parliament, Kyiv Post (April 12, 2010
- ^ "lectoral moods of the Ukrainian population: December 2010" (PDF). Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- ^ Azarov: We welcome other parties joining Regions Party, Kyiv Post (August 23, 2011)
- ^ Azarov: Regions Party teams up with Strong Ukraine, Kyiv Post (August 16, 2011)
- ^ Template:Uk icon Литвин поведе Народну партію на вибори саму, Ukrayinska Pravda (December 12, 2011)
- ^ Template:Uk icon "Наша Україна" й УНП почали об’єднання з Дніпропетровська, Ukrayinska Pravda (December 18, 2011)
- ^ Tymoshenko, Lutsenko aware of their parties' unification, Kyiv Post (December 29, 2011)
- ^ Template:Uk icon Одна з партій НУНС перейменувалася та змінила голову, Ukrayinska Pravda (December 3, 2011)
- ^ Rada Approves Cancellation Of Rule That Bans Deputies From Switching Factions, FINANCIAL (October 8, 2010)
- ^ Update: Return to 1996 Constitution strengthens president, raises legal questions, Kyiv Post (October 1, 2010)
- ^ Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe: The functioning of democratic institutions in Ukraine, Kyiv Post (October 5, 2010)
- ^ Laws of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada decree No. 2222-IV: About the amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine. Adopted on December 8, 2004. (Ukrainian)
- ^ Rada amends regulations of its activities, Kyiv Post (October 8, 2010)
- ^ a b c d e Template:Uk icon Депутатські фракції, Verkhovna Rada
- ^ Template:Uk icon Фракція БЮТ змінила свою назву, STB (November 16, 2010)
- ^ "Informational site "RAZOM"". People's Union "Our Ukraine". Retrieved October 2, 2007.
- ^ "Party "Forward, Ukraine!"". Forward, Ukraine!. Retrieved October 2, 2007.
- ^ "Homepage". People's Movement of Ukraine. Retrieved October 2, 2007.
- ^ "Ukrainian People's Party". Ukrainian People's Party. Retrieved October 2, 2007.
- ^ "Ukrainian Republican Party Assembly". Ukrainian Republican Party Assembly. Retrieved October 2, 2007.
- ^ ПОРА – громадянська партія ПОРА. "Official website Civic party "PORA"". Pora.org.ua. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- ^ Bloc of Lytvyn faction renamed, Kyiv Post (November 19, 2010)
- ^ Korolevska everywhere, but is she going anywhere?, Kyiv Post (March 30, 2012)
- ^ Hrach claims he has evidence of corruption in Communist Party leadership, Kyiv Post (April 20, 2012)
- ^ Template:Uk icon Тігіпко створив свій виборчий блок, Gazeta.ua (February 22, 2010)
- ^ Tigipko hooks up with Party of Regions, Kyiv Post (March 20, 2012)
Strong Ukraine party decides on disbanding to join Regions Party, Kyiv Post (March 17, 2012) - ^ Faction of Chernovetksyi’s Bloc stopped its existence, UNIAN (September 23, 2011)
Chernovetsky Bloc in Kyiv City Council disbanded, Kyiv Post (September 22, 2011) - ^ a b "Ukranian News". Ukranews.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- ^ Kiev fails to end Crimea's ethnic tension, Oxford Analytica (February 7, 2007)
Template:Uk icon У Януковича в Криму проблеми, Gazeta.ua (March 26, 2009)
Template:Uk icon Соратник Януковича розповів, за що його вигнали з партії, Ukrayinska Pravda (September 15, 2009)
Local government elections in Ukraine: last stage in the Party of Regions’ takeover of power, Centre for Eastern Studies (October 4, 2010) - ^ Template:Uk icon Кириленко об'єднався з Яценюком, Ukrayinska Pravda (December 22 2011)
- ^ a b c d e Template:Uk icon Соцпартії не сподобалася назва "Об'єднані ліві і селяни", Gazeta.ua (December 16 2011)