Pomchi-Inu87 (talk | contribs) National affiliation |
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{{Short description|Political party in Poland}} |
{{Short description|Political party in Poland}} |
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{{Split|Polish Socialist Party|Polish Socialist Party (1892)|date=March 2023|discuss=Talk:Polish Socialist Party#Split request 30 March 2023}} |
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{{for|other organizations named Polish Socialist Party}} |
{{for|other organizations named Polish Socialist Party}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} |
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| native_name = Polska Partia Socjalistyczna |
| native_name = Polska Partia Socjalistyczna |
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| abbreviation = PPS |
| abbreviation = PPS |
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| logo = Logo |
| logo = Logo PPS.svg |
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| logo_alt = Logo of the Polish Socialist Party |
| logo_alt = Logo of the Polish Socialist Party |
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| logo_size = 120px |
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| colorcode = {{party color|Polish Socialist Party}} |
| colorcode = {{party color|Polish Socialist Party}} |
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| president = [[Wojciech Konieczny]] |
| president = [[Wojciech Konieczny]] |
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| founded = {{ubl|1892 ( |
| founded = {{ubl|1892 (original form)|1987 (current form)}} |
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| headquarters = al. Niepodległości 161 lok. 2 <br />[[Warsaw]] |
| headquarters = al. Niepodległości 161 lok. 2 <br />[[Warsaw]] |
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| ideology = [[Democratic socialism]]{{ |
| ideology = [[Democratic socialism]]<br>[[Pro-Europeanism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naszpps.ppspl.eu/index.php/dokumenty-statutowe/8-deklaracja-ideowa-pps|title=Deklaracja ideowa Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej|trans-title=Ideological declaration of the Polish Socialist Party|publisher=Polska Partia Socjalistyczna|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014160119/http://www.naszpps.ppspl.eu/index.php/dokumenty-statutowe/8-deklaracja-ideowa-pps|archive-date=2019-10-14}}</ref> |
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| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] |
| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] to [[Far-left politics|far-left]] |
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| national = [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]] |
| national = [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]] |
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| colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Red (color)|Red]] |
| colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Red (color)|Red]] |
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| anthem = [[The Standard of Revolt]] |
| anthem = [[The Standard of Revolt]] |
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| seats1_title = [[Sejm]] |
| seats1_title = [[Sejm]] |
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| seats1 = {{Composition bar| |
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|0|460|hex={{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}} |
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| seats2_title = [[Senate of Poland|Senate]] |
| seats2_title = [[Senate of Poland|Senate]] |
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| seats2 = {{Composition bar| |
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|1|100|hex={{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}} |
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| seats3_title = [[European Parliament]] |
| seats3_title = [[European Parliament]] |
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| seats3 = {{Composition bar|0|52|hex={{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}} |
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|0|52|hex={{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}} |
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During the [[Second Polish Republic]] the PPS at first supported [[Józef Piłsudski]], including his [[May Coup (Poland)|May Coup]], but later moved into the opposition to his authoritarian [[Sanacja]] regime by joining the democratic '[[centrolew]]' (center-left) opposition movement. Many PPS leaders and members were put on [[Brest trials|trial]] by Piłsudski's regime and jailed in the infamous [[Bereza Kartuska prison]]. |
During the [[Second Polish Republic]] the PPS at first supported [[Józef Piłsudski]], including his [[May Coup (Poland)|May Coup]], but later moved into the opposition to his authoritarian [[Sanacja]] regime by joining the democratic '[[centrolew]]' (center-left) opposition movement. Many PPS leaders and members were put on [[Brest trials|trial]] by Piłsudski's regime and jailed in the infamous [[Bereza Kartuska prison]]. |
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The party was a member of the [[Labour and Socialist International]] between 1923 and 1940.<ref name="kow">Kowalski |
The party was a member of the [[Labour and Socialist International]] between 1923 and 1940.<ref name="kow">{{cite book|last=Kowalski|first=Werner|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83QdPwAACAAJ|title=Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19|trans-title=History of the Socialist Workers' International: 1923 - 19th Century|location=Berlin|publisher=Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften|year=1985|page=316}}</ref> |
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The party supported the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance]] during {{awrap|[[World War II]]}} as the underground [[Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence]] (''Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – Wolność, Równość, Niepodległość''). In 1948 it suffered a fatal split, as the [[Communism|Communists]] applied the [[salami tactics]] to dismember any opposition. One faction, which included [[Edward Osóbka-Morawski]] wanted to join forces with the [[Polish Peasant Party]] and form a united front against the Communists. Another faction, led by [[Józef Cyrankiewicz]], argued that the [[Socialism|Socialists]] should support the Communists in carrying through a socialist program while opposing the imposition of one-party rule. Pre-war political hostilities continued to influence events, and [[Stanisław Mikołajczyk]], leader of the Peasant Party, would not agree to form a united front with the Socialists. The Communists played on these divisions by dismissing Osóbka-Morawski and making Cyrankiewicz Prime Minister. |
The party supported the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance]] during {{awrap|[[World War II]]}} as the underground [[Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence]] (''Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – Wolność, Równość, Niepodległość''). In 1948 it suffered a fatal split, as the [[Communism|Communists]] applied the [[salami tactics]] to dismember any opposition. One faction, which included [[Edward Osóbka-Morawski]] wanted to join forces with the [[Polish Peasant Party]] and form a united front against the Communists. Another faction, led by [[Józef Cyrankiewicz]], argued that the [[Socialism|Socialists]] should support the Communists in carrying through a socialist program while opposing the imposition of one-party rule. Pre-war political hostilities continued to influence events, and [[Stanisław Mikołajczyk]], leader of the Peasant Party, would not agree to form a united front with the Socialists. The Communists played on these divisions by dismissing Osóbka-Morawski and making Cyrankiewicz the Prime Minister. |
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In 1948, Cyrankiewicz's faction of [[Socialism|Socialists]] merged with the Communist [[Polish Workers' Party]] (PPR) to form the [[Polish United Workers' Party]] (''Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza''; PZPR), the ruling party in the [[People's Republic of Poland]]; remnants of the other faction survived on emigration in the [[Polish government-in-exile]] and because of that Polish Socialist Party was still active on emigration. Cyrankiewicz's faction isn't really treated as proper PPS. |
In 1948, Cyrankiewicz's faction of [[Socialism|Socialists]] merged with the Communist [[Polish Workers' Party]] (PPR) to form the [[Polish United Workers' Party]] (''Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza''; PZPR), the ruling party in the [[People's Republic of Poland]]; remnants of the other faction survived on emigration in the [[Polish government-in-exile]] and because of that Polish Socialist Party was still active on emigration. Cyrankiewicz's faction isn't really treated as proper PPS. |
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==Refoundation and present== |
==Refoundation and present== |
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A new party |
A new party with the same name, which seeks to carry on the tradition of the original PPS, was established by left-wing opposition figures such as [[Jan Józef Lipski]] in 1987. However, the new PPS remains a marginal group within the political landscape of the [[History of Poland (1989–present)|Third Republic]], having representation in the [[Sejm]] only between 1993 and 2001. However, in the [[2019 Polish parliamentary election]] the PPS saw its leader [[Wojciech Konieczny]] elected to the [[Senate of Poland]] under the banner of [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wnp.pl/parlamentarny/osoba/wojciech-konieczny,4402.html|title=Wojciech Konieczny|publisher=wnp.pl|access-date=2023-04-16}}</ref> Other members of the [[Sejm]] and the Senate later joined the PPS, which currently has two deputies and two senators. |
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Its main propaganda outlet was the [[Robotnik (1894–1939)|''Robotnik'']] ('The Worker') newspaper. The current party published the ''Nowy Robotnik'' ("The New Worker"), a continuation of the original publication, from 2003 to 2006. |
Its main propaganda outlet was the [[Robotnik (1894–1939)|''Robotnik'']] ('The Worker') newspaper. The current party published the ''Nowy Robotnik'' ("The New Worker"), a continuation of the original publication, from 2003 to 2006. |
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On 16 November 2020, the party founded its first foreign branch in the [[United Kingdom]], in the city of [[Coventry]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Polska Partia Socjalistyczna|url=https://www.facebook.com/PolskaPartiaSocjalistyczna/posts/3620976337993239 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/128706627220245/3620976337993239 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |url-access=limited|access-date=16 November 2020|website=www.facebook.com|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref> home to a [[Poles in the United Kingdom|British Polish]] population founded by [[Polish Armed Forces in the West|Polish Army Exiles]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC - Coventry and Warwickshire Features - History of Poles in Coventry|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/coventry/features/local-history/history-of-poles-in-coventry.shtml|access-date=16 November 2020|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> |
On 16 November 2020, the party founded its first foreign branch in the [[United Kingdom]], in the city of [[Coventry]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Polska Partia Socjalistyczna|url=https://www.facebook.com/PolskaPartiaSocjalistyczna/posts/3620976337993239 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/128706627220245/3620976337993239 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |url-access=limited|access-date=16 November 2020|website=www.facebook.com|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref> home to a [[Poles in the United Kingdom|British Polish]] population founded by [[Polish Armed Forces in the West|Polish Army Exiles]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC - Coventry and Warwickshire Features - History of Poles in Coventry|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/coventry/features/local-history/history-of-poles-in-coventry.shtml|access-date=16 November 2020|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> |
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On the 25 June 2022, factions of the party formed an alliance with [[Social Democracy of Poland]], [[Freedom and Equality]] and [[Polish Left]] to compete in the [[next Polish parliamentary election]]. The alliance also |
On the 25 June 2022, factions of the party formed an alliance with [[Social Democracy of Poland]], [[Freedom and Equality]], [[Labour Union (Poland)|Labour Union]] and [[Polish Left]] to compete in the [[next Polish parliamentary election]]. The alliance also included the [[Feminist Initiative (Poland)|Feminist Initiative]], the [[Democratic Left Association]] (SLD), and the Working People's Movement.<ref name="dziennik">{{cite web | url=https://wiadomosci.dziennik.pl/polityka/artykuly/8478709,lewica-porozumie-wybory-pps-unia-pracy-socjaldemokracja-polska-wolnosc-i-rownosc.html | title=Cztery partie lewicowe podpisały porozumie. Chcą iść razem do wyborów | date=25 June 2022 }}</ref> In February 2023, after an internal conflict,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Konflikt w PPS. Zakaz używania nazwy przez parlamentarzystów |url=https://www.rmf24.pl/polityka/news-konflikt-w-pps-zakaz-uzywania-nazwy-przez-parlamentarzystow,nId,6579030 |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=www.rmf24.pl |language=pl}}</ref> PPS, together with the [[Labour Union (Poland)|Labour Union]], re-joined [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewicy |first=Rzecznik Nowej |date=2023-02-27 |title=Lewica łączy siły na wybory. Porozumienie Nowej Lewicy, partii Razem, Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej i Unii Pracy podpisane! |url=https://lewica.org.pl/aktualnosci/8960-lewica-laczy-sily-na-wybory-porozumienie-nowej-lewicy-partii-razem-polskiej-partii-socjalistycznej-i-unii-pracy-podpisane |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=Nowa Lewica |language=pl-PL}}</ref> |
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== Ideology == |
== Ideology == |
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It historically advocated a mix of [[socialism]] and [[Polish nationalism|nationalism]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Luxemburg|first=Rosa|author-link=Rosa Luxemburg|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857863128|title=The complete works of Rosa Luxemburg|date=2019|others=Peter Hudis, Paul Le Blanc, David Fernbach, Joseph G. Fracchia, George Shriver, Nicholas Gray|isbn=978-1-84467-974-4|location=London|oclc=857863128}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Marzec|first1=Wiktor|last2=Turunen|first2=Risto|date=2018-06-01|title=Socialisms in the Tsarist Borderlands|url=http://berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/contributions/13/1/choc130103.xml|journal=Contributions to the History of Concepts|volume=13|issue=1|pages=22–50|doi=10.3167/choc.2018.130103|s2cid=149702151|issn=1807-9326}}</ref> and was considered to be on the [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] on the political spectrum.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Suławka|first=Adam Radosław|date=2015-12-31|title=Prasa Komitetu Centralnego Komunistycznej Partii Zachodniej Białorusi (KC KPZB) wydawana w języku Rosyjskim|url=http://www.apcz.pl/czasopisma/index.php/SDR/article/view/SDR.2015.2.03|journal=Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej|volume=50|issue=2|pages=55|doi=10.12775/SDR.2015.2.03|s2cid=131755073 |issn=2353-6403|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kowalski|first=Stanisław|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1088955807|title=Dzieje Kępna : od początku istnienia do 2015 r.|date=2018|publisher=Gmina Kępno|others=Kępno. Urząd Miasta i Gminy|isbn=978-83-66149-00-7|edition=Wydanie pierwsze|location=Kępno|oclc=1088955807}}</ref> They opposed [[Bolshevism]], and more favored [[Mensheviks]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dubnow|first=Simon|title=History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, Vol. 3|year=1916|isbn=9781440042393}}</ref> Recently the party has self-declared itself as a [[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]] force, and was described as a leftist party with a strong emphasis on democracy by their parliamentary leader [[Wojciech Konieczny]].<ref>{{Cite web|title="Chcemy być demokratyczni". Konieczny o kulisach powstania koła parlamentarnego PPS |
It historically advocated for a mix of [[socialism]] and [[Polish nationalism|nationalism]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Luxemburg|first=Rosa|author-link=Rosa Luxemburg|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857863128|title=The complete works of Rosa Luxemburg|date=2019|others=Peter Hudis, Paul Le Blanc, David Fernbach, Joseph G. Fracchia, George Shriver, Nicholas Gray|isbn=978-1-84467-974-4|location=London|oclc=857863128}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Marzec|first1=Wiktor|last2=Turunen|first2=Risto|date=2018-06-01|title=Socialisms in the Tsarist Borderlands|url=http://berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/contributions/13/1/choc130103.xml|journal=Contributions to the History of Concepts|volume=13|issue=1|pages=22–50|doi=10.3167/choc.2018.130103|s2cid=149702151|issn=1807-9326}}</ref> and was considered to be on the [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] on the political spectrum.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Suławka|first=Adam Radosław|date=2015-12-31|title=Prasa Komitetu Centralnego Komunistycznej Partii Zachodniej Białorusi (KC KPZB) wydawana w języku Rosyjskim|url=http://www.apcz.pl/czasopisma/index.php/SDR/article/view/SDR.2015.2.03|journal=Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej|volume=50|issue=2|pages=55|doi=10.12775/SDR.2015.2.03|s2cid=131755073 |issn=2353-6403|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kowalski|first=Stanisław|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1088955807|title=Dzieje Kępna : od początku istnienia do 2015 r.|date=2018|publisher=Gmina Kępno|others=Kępno. Urząd Miasta i Gminy|isbn=978-83-66149-00-7|edition=Wydanie pierwsze|location=Kępno|oclc=1088955807}}</ref> They opposed [[Bolshevism]], and more favored [[Mensheviks]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dubnow|first=Simon|title=History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, Vol. 3|year=1916|publisher=Forgotten Books |isbn=9781440042393}}</ref> Recently the party has self-declared itself as a [[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]] force, and was described as a leftist party with a strong emphasis on democracy by their parliamentary leader [[Wojciech Konieczny]].<ref>{{Cite web|title="Chcemy być demokratyczni". Konieczny o kulisach powstania koła parlamentarnego PPS |
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|url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/7/473/Artykul/2868922,Chcemy-byc-demokratyczni-Konieczny-o-kulisach-powstania-kola-parlamentarnego-PPS|access-date=2022-02-09|website=Polskie Radio|language=pl}}</ref> |
|url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/7/473/Artykul/2868922,Chcemy-byc-demokratyczni-Konieczny-o-kulisach-powstania-kola-parlamentarnego-PPS|access-date=2022-02-09|website=Polskie Radio|language=pl}}</ref> |
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!% of vote |
!% of vote |
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!Seats |
!Seats |
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!+/– |
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!Seat change |
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!Government |
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|- |
|- |
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![[1919 Polish legislative election|1919]] |
!rowspan=4 |[[1919 Polish legislative election|1919]] |
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|515,062 |
|rowspan=4 |515,062 |
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|9.2 {{small|(#4)}} |
|rowspan=4 |9.2 {{small|(#4)}} |
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|{{Composition bar|35|394|hex=Red}} |
|rowspan=4 |{{Composition bar|35|394|hex=Red}} |
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|rowspan=4 |New |
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|n/a |
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|{{yes2|Coalition {{small|(1919)}}}} |
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|- |
|- |
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|{{no2|Opposition {{small|(1919-1920)}}}} |
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⚫ | |||
|- |
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⚫ | |||
| |
|{{yes2|Coalition {{small|(1920-1921)}}}} |
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|- |
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⚫ | |||
|{{no2|Opposition {{small|(1921-1922)}}}} |
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⚫ | |||
|- |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
|rowspan=4 |10.3 {{small|(#5)}} |
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|rowspan=4 |{{Composition bar|41|444|hex=Red}} |
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⚫ | |||
|{{no2|Opposition {{small|(1922-1925)}}}} |
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|- |
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|{{yes2|Coalition {{small|(1925-1926)}}}} |
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|- |
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|{{no2|Opposition {{small|(1926)}}}} |
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|- |
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|{{yes2|Coalition {{small|(1926-1928)}}}} |
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|- |
|- |
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![[1928 Polish legislative election|1928]] |
![[1928 Polish legislative election|1928]] |
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|{{Composition bar|64|444|hex=Red}} |
|{{Composition bar|64|444|hex=Red}} |
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|{{increase}} 23 |
|{{increase}} 23 |
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|{{no2|Opposition}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan="2"| [[1930 Polish legislative election|1930]] |
! rowspan="2"| [[1930 Polish legislative election|1930]] |
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|{{Composition bar|23|444|hex=Red}} |
|{{Composition bar|23|444|hex=Red}} |
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|{{decrease}} 41 |
|{{decrease}} 41 |
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|{{no2|Opposition}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan= |
| colspan=5|<small>As part of the [[Centrolew]] coalition, which won 79 seats in total.</small> |
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|- |
|- |
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![[1935 Polish legislative election|1935]] |
![[1935 Polish legislative election|1935]] |
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|colspan= |
|colspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | ''Boycotted'' |
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⚫ | |||
|{{decrease}} 23 |
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|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}} |
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|- |
|- |
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![[1938 Polish legislative election|1938]] |
![[1938 Polish legislative election|1938]] |
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|colspan= |
|colspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | ''Boycotted'' |
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|{{Composition bar|0|208|hex=Red}} |
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|{{steady}} 0 |
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|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan="2" |[[1947 Polish legislative election|1947]] |
! rowspan="2" |[[1947 Polish legislative election|1947]] |
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|{{Composition bar|116|444|hex=Red}} |
|{{Composition bar|116|444|hex=Red}} |
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|{{increase}} 116 |
|{{increase}} 116 |
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|{{yes2|Coalition}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan=" |
| colspan="5" |<small>As part of the [[Democratic Bloc (Poland)|Democratic Bloc]] coalition, which won 394 seats in total.{{notetag|1=Only communist faction.|group=Note}} </small> |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan="2"| [[1991 Polish parliamentary election|1991]] |
! rowspan="2"| [[1991 Polish parliamentary election|1991]] |
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|2.1 {{small|(#13)}} |
|2.1 {{small|(#13)}} |
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|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
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|{{decrease}} 116 |
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|n/a |
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|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan= |
| colspan=5|<small>As part of the [[Labour Solidarity]] coalition, which won 4 seats in total.</small> |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan="2"| [[1993 Polish parliamentary election|1993]] |
! rowspan="2"| [[1993 Polish parliamentary election|1993]] |
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|{{Composition bar|4|460|hex=Red}} |
|{{Composition bar|4|460|hex=Red}} |
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|{{increase}} 4 |
|{{increase}} 4 |
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|{{yes2|Coalition}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan= |
| colspan=5|<small>As part of the [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]] coalition, which won 171 seats in total.</small> |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan="2"| [[1997 Polish parliamentary election|1997]] |
! rowspan="2"| [[1997 Polish parliamentary election|1997]] |
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|{{Composition bar|3|460|hex=Red}} |
|{{Composition bar|3|460|hex=Red}} |
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|{{decrease}} 1 |
|{{decrease}} 1 |
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|{{no2|Opposition}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan= |
| colspan=5|<small>As part of the [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]] coalition, which won 164 seats in total.</small> |
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|- |
|- |
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![[2001 Polish parliamentary election|2001]] |
![[2001 Polish parliamentary election|2001]] |
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|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
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|{{decrease}} 3 |
|{{decrease}} 3 |
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|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan="2"| [[2005 Polish parliamentary election|2005]] |
! rowspan="2"| [[2005 Polish parliamentary election|2005]] |
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|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
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|{{steady}} 0 |
|{{steady}} 0 |
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|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
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| colspan= |
| colspan=5|<small>As part of the [[Polish Labour Party]] committee, which won no seats.</small> |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan="2"| [[2007 Polish parliamentary election|2007]] |
! rowspan="2"| [[2007 Polish parliamentary election|2007]] |
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|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
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|{{steady}} 0 |
|{{steady}} 0 |
||
|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan= |
| colspan=5|<small>As part of the [[Polish Labour Party]] committee, which won no seats.</small> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2"| [[2015 Polish parliamentary election|2015]] |
! rowspan="2"| [[2015 Polish parliamentary election|2015]] |
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|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
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|{{steady}} 0 |
|{{steady}} 0 |
||
|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan= |
| colspan=5|<small>As part of the [[United Left (Poland)|United Left]] coalition, which won no seats.</small> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2"| [[2019 Polish parliamentary election|2019]] |
! rowspan="2"| [[2019 Polish parliamentary election|2019]] |
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|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
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|{{steady}} 0 |
|{{steady}} 0 |
||
|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=5|<small>As part of [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]] coalition, which won 49 seats in total.</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
! rowspan="2"| [[2023 Polish parliamentary election|2023]] |
|||
|1,859,018 |
|||
|8.6 {{small|(#4)}} |
|||
|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex=Red}} |
|||
|{{steady}} 0 |
|||
|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan= |
| colspan=5|<small>As part of [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]] coalition, which won 26 seats in total.</small> |
||
|} |
|} |
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|{{increase}} 1 |
|{{increase}} 1 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan=4|<small>As part of the [[Democratic Left Alliance]] coalition, which won 37 seats in total.</small> |
| colspan=4|<small>As part of the [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]] coalition, which won 37 seats in total.</small> |
||
|- |
|- |
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! rowspan="2"| [[1997 Polish parliamentary election|1997]] |
! rowspan="2"| [[1997 Polish parliamentary election|1997]] |
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|{{increase}} 2 |
|{{increase}} 2 |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan=4|<small>As part of the [[Democratic Left Alliance]] coalition, which won 28 seats in total.</small> |
| colspan=4|<small>As part of the [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]] coalition, which won 28 seats in total.</small> |
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|- |
|- |
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![[2001 Polish parliamentary election|2001]] |
![[2001 Polish parliamentary election|2001]] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140309172400/http://polskapartiasocjalistyczna.pl/ Official website] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140309172400/http://polskapartiasocjalistyczna.pl/ Official website] (archived 9 March 2014) {{in lang|pl}} |
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{{Ukrainian Bolshevik Revolution}} |
{{Ukrainian Bolshevik Revolution}} |
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{{Polish political parties}} |
{{Polish political parties}} |
Revision as of 16:28, 18 May 2024
Polish Socialist Party Polska Partia Socjalistyczna | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | PPS |
President | Wojciech Konieczny |
Founded |
|
Headquarters | al. Niepodległości 161 lok. 2 Warsaw |
Ideology | Democratic socialism Pro-Europeanism[1] |
Political position | Left-wing to far-left |
National affiliation | The Left |
Colours | Red |
Anthem | The Standard of Revolt |
Sejm | 0 / 460 |
Senate | 1 / 100 |
European Parliament | 0 / 52 |
Regional assemblies | 0 / 552 |
City Presidents | 0 / 107 |
Website | |
ppspl | |
Timeline of Polish socialist/social democratic parties after 1986 |
•Polish Socialist Party (1987–) •Polish Social Democratic Union (1990–1992) •Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (1990–1999) •Democratic-Social Movement (1991–1992) •Labour Union (1992–) •National Party of Retirees and Pensioners (1994–) •Democratic Left Alliance (1999–2021) •Reason Party (2002–2013) •Social Democracy of Poland (2004–) •Freedom and Equality (2005–) •Polish Left (2008–) •Left Together (2015–) •Spring (2019–2021) •New Left (2021–) |
The Polish Socialist Party (Polish: Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) is a socialist political party in Poland.
It was one of the most important parties in Poland from its inception in 1892 until its merger with the communist Polish Workers' Party to form the Polish United Workers' Party in 1948. Józef Piłsudski, founder of the Second Polish Republic, belonged to and later led the PPS in the early 20th century.
The party was re-established in 1987, near the end of the Polish People's Republic. However, it remained in the margins of Polish politics until 2019, when it was able to win a seat in the Senate of Poland.
History
The PPS was founded in Paris in 1892 (see the Great Emigration). In 1893 the party called Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania, (SDKPiL), emerged from the PPS, with the PPS being more nationalist and oriented towards Polish independence, and the SDKPiL being more revolutionary and communist. In November 1892 the leading personalities of the PPS agreed on a political program. The program, largely progressive for the time of its creation, accented: independent Republic of Poland based on democratic principles, direct universal voting rights, equal rights for all nations living in Poland, equal rights for all citizens, regardless of race, nationality, religion and gender, freedom of press, speech, and assembly, progressive taxation, eight-hour workday, minimum wage, equal wages for men and women, ban on child labour (till age 14), free education, and social support in case of injury in the workplace.[2]
After the Revolution of 1905 in the Russian Empire, the party membership drastically increased from several hundred active members to a mass movement of about 60,000 members.[3] Another split in the party occurred in 1906, with the Revolutionary Faction following Józef Piłsudski, who supported the nationalist and independence ideals, and the Left faction which allied itself with the SDKPiL. However, the Revolutionary Faction became dominant and renamed itself back again to the PPS, while the Left was eclipsed, and in 1918 merged with SDKPiL forming the Communist Party of Poland. In 1917-18 the party participated in the Central Council of Ukraine and the Government of Ukraine.
During the Second Polish Republic the PPS at first supported Józef Piłsudski, including his May Coup, but later moved into the opposition to his authoritarian Sanacja regime by joining the democratic 'centrolew' (center-left) opposition movement. Many PPS leaders and members were put on trial by Piłsudski's regime and jailed in the infamous Bereza Kartuska prison.
The party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1940.[4]
The party supported the Polish resistance during World War II as the underground Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – Wolność, Równość, Niepodległość). In 1948 it suffered a fatal split, as the Communists applied the salami tactics to dismember any opposition. One faction, which included Edward Osóbka-Morawski wanted to join forces with the Polish Peasant Party and form a united front against the Communists. Another faction, led by Józef Cyrankiewicz, argued that the Socialists should support the Communists in carrying through a socialist program while opposing the imposition of one-party rule. Pre-war political hostilities continued to influence events, and Stanisław Mikołajczyk, leader of the Peasant Party, would not agree to form a united front with the Socialists. The Communists played on these divisions by dismissing Osóbka-Morawski and making Cyrankiewicz the Prime Minister.
In 1948, Cyrankiewicz's faction of Socialists merged with the Communist Polish Workers' Party (PPR) to form the Polish United Workers' Party (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza; PZPR), the ruling party in the People's Republic of Poland; remnants of the other faction survived on emigration in the Polish government-in-exile and because of that Polish Socialist Party was still active on emigration. Cyrankiewicz's faction isn't really treated as proper PPS.
Refoundation and present
A new party with the same name, which seeks to carry on the tradition of the original PPS, was established by left-wing opposition figures such as Jan Józef Lipski in 1987. However, the new PPS remains a marginal group within the political landscape of the Third Republic, having representation in the Sejm only between 1993 and 2001. However, in the 2019 Polish parliamentary election the PPS saw its leader Wojciech Konieczny elected to the Senate of Poland under the banner of The Left.[5] Other members of the Sejm and the Senate later joined the PPS, which currently has two deputies and two senators.
Its main propaganda outlet was the Robotnik ('The Worker') newspaper. The current party published the Nowy Robotnik ("The New Worker"), a continuation of the original publication, from 2003 to 2006.
On 16 November 2020, the party founded its first foreign branch in the United Kingdom, in the city of Coventry,[6] home to a British Polish population founded by Polish Army Exiles.[7]
On the 25 June 2022, factions of the party formed an alliance with Social Democracy of Poland, Freedom and Equality, Labour Union and Polish Left to compete in the next Polish parliamentary election. The alliance also included the Feminist Initiative, the Democratic Left Association (SLD), and the Working People's Movement.[8] In February 2023, after an internal conflict,[9] PPS, together with the Labour Union, re-joined The Left.[10]
Ideology
It historically advocated for a mix of socialism and nationalism,[11][12] and was considered to be on the left-wing on the political spectrum.[13][14] They opposed Bolshevism, and more favored Mensheviks.[15] Recently the party has self-declared itself as a democratic socialist force, and was described as a leftist party with a strong emphasis on democracy by their parliamentary leader Wojciech Konieczny.[16]
Election results
Sejm
Year | Popular vote | % of vote | Seats | +/– | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1919 | 515,062 | 9.2 (#4) | 35 / 394
|
New | Coalition (1919) |
Opposition (1919-1920) | |||||
Coalition (1920-1921) | |||||
Opposition (1921-1922) | |||||
1922 | 906,537 | 10.3 (#5) | 41 / 444
|
6 | Opposition (1922-1925) |
Coalition (1925-1926) | |||||
Opposition (1926) | |||||
Coalition (1926-1928) | |||||
1928 | 1,482,097 | 13.0 (#2) | 64 / 444
|
23 | Opposition |
1930 | 1,965,864 | 17.3 (#2) | 23 / 444
|
41 | Opposition |
As part of the Centrolew coalition, which won 79 seats in total. | |||||
1935 | Boycotted | 0 / 206
|
23 | Extra-parliamentary | |
1938 | Boycotted | 0 / 208
|
0 | Extra-parliamentary | |
1947 | 9,003,682 | 26.13 (#1) | 116 / 444
|
116 | Coalition |
As part of the Democratic Bloc coalition, which won 394 seats in total.[note 1] | |||||
1991 | 230,975 | 2.1 (#13) | 0 / 460
|
116 | Extra-parliamentary |
As part of the Labour Solidarity coalition, which won 4 seats in total. | |||||
1993 | 2,815,169 | 20.4 (#1) | 4 / 460
|
4 | Coalition |
As part of the Democratic Left Alliance coalition, which won 171 seats in total. | |||||
1997 | 3,551,224 | 27.1 (#2) | 3 / 460
|
1 | Opposition |
As part of the Democratic Left Alliance coalition, which won 164 seats in total. | |||||
2001 | 13,459 | 0.1 (#11) | 0 / 460
|
3 | Extra-parliamentary |
2005 | 91,266 | 0.8 (#11) | 0 / 460
|
0 | Extra-parliamentary |
As part of the Polish Labour Party committee, which won no seats. | |||||
2007 | 160,476 | 1.0 (#7) | 0 / 460
|
0 | Extra-parliamentary |
As part of the Polish Labour Party committee, which won no seats. | |||||
2015 | 1,147,102 | 7.6 (#5) | 0 / 460
|
0 | Extra-parliamentary |
As part of the United Left coalition, which won no seats. | |||||
2019 | 2,319,946 | 12.6 (#3) | 0 / 460
|
0 | Extra-parliamentary |
As part of The Left coalition, which won 49 seats in total. | |||||
2023 | 1,859,018 | 8.6 (#4) | 0 / 460
|
0 | Extra-parliamentary |
As part of The Left coalition, which won 26 seats in total. |
Senate
Year | Popular vote | % of vote | Seats | Seat change |
---|---|---|---|---|
1922 | 468,147 | 8.4 (#5) | 7 / 111
|
n/a |
1928 | 715,556 | 11.2 (#3) | 10 / 111
|
3 |
1930 | As part of Centrolew coalition, which won 13 seats in total. | |||
1935 | Boycotted | |||
1938 | Boycotted | |||
1993 | 4,993,061 | 35.7 (#1) | 1 / 100
|
1 |
As part of the Democratic Left Alliance coalition, which won 37 seats in total. | ||||
1997 | 6,091,721 | 45.7 (#2) | 3 / 100
|
2 |
As part of the Democratic Left Alliance coalition, which won 28 seats in total. | ||||
2001 | 131,987 | 0.5 (#11) | 0 / 100
|
3 |
2019 | 415,745 | 2.3 (#4) | 1 / 100
|
1 |
As part of The Left coalition, which won 2 seats in total. |
Presidential
Second Polish Republic | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Election year | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | ||
votes | % | votes | % | ||
1922 | Ignacy Daszyński | 49 | 9.1 (#5) | 1 | 0.2 (#5) |
1926 | Supported Józef Piłsudski[note 2] | 292 | 60.2 (#1) | ||
1926 | Zygmunt Marek | 56 | 11.6 (#3) | 1 | 0.2 (#3) |
Third Polish Republic | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Election year | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | ||
# of overall votes | % of overall vote | # of overall votes | % of overall vote | ||
1995 | Supported Tadeusz Zieliński | 631,432 | 3.5 (#6) | ||
2000 | Piotr Ikonowicz | 38,672 | 0.2 (#10) | ||
2005 | Supported Daniel Podrzycki[note 3] | ||||
2020 | Supported Robert Biedroń | 432,129 | 2.2 (#6) |
European Parliament
Year | Popular vote | % of vote | Seats |
---|---|---|---|
2004 | 48,667 | 0.80 | 0 / 54
|
As part of KPEiR-PLD coalition, which won no seats. | |||
2009 | 1,331 | 0.02 | 0 / 50
|
Notable people who were members or were associated with PPS
Presidents and heads of state
- Józef Piłsudski (former member at time in office)
- Stanisław Wojciechowski (former member)
- Ignacy Mościcki (former member)
- Stanisław Ostrowski
- Franciszek Trąbalski
Prime Ministers
- Ignacy Daszyński
- Jędrzej Moraczewski
- Janusz Jędrzejewicz (former member)
- Walery Sławek (former member)
- Tomasz Arciszewski
- Tadeusz Tomaszewski
- Antoni Pająk
- Alfred Urbański
- Edward Osóbka-Morawski (later became a communist)
- Józef Cyrankiewicz (later became a communist)
Other figures
- Jan Józef Lipski
- Bolesław Limanowski
- Adam Ciołkosz
- Lidia Ciołkosz
- Jerzy Czeszejko-Sochacki (later became a communist)
- Norbert Barlicki
- Piotr Ikonowicz
- Wojciech Konieczny
- Jan Kwapiński
- Herman Lieberman
- Stanisław Mendelson
- Stanisław Dubois
- Jan Mulak
- Mieczysław Niedziałkowski
- Antoni Pajdak
- Feliks Perl
- Zofia Praussowa
- Kazimierz Pużak
- Kazimierz Sosnkowski
- Czesław Świrski
- Leon Wasilewski
- Aleksandra Zagórska
See also
- List of Polish Socialist Party politicians
- Central Rada
- List of anti-capitalist and communist parties with national parliamentary representation
Notes
References
- ^ "Deklaracja ideowa Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej" [Ideological declaration of the Polish Socialist Party]. Polska Partia Socjalistyczna. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019.
- ^ Friszke, Andrzej (1989). O kształt niepodległej. Warszawa: Biblioteka "Więzi". p. 22. ISBN 83-7006-014-5.
- ^ Friszke, Andrzej (1989). O kształt niepodległej. Warszawa: Biblioteka "Więzi". p. 45. ISBN 83-7006-014-5.
- ^ Kowalski, Werner (1985). Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19 [History of the Socialist Workers' International: 1923 - 19th Century]. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften. p. 316.
- ^ "Wojciech Konieczny". wnp.pl. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
- ^ "Polska Partia Socjalistyczna". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ "BBC - Coventry and Warwickshire Features - History of Poles in Coventry". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ "Cztery partie lewicowe podpisały porozumie. Chcą iść razem do wyborów". 25 June 2022.
- ^ "Konflikt w PPS. Zakaz używania nazwy przez parlamentarzystów". www.rmf24.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 1 June 2023.
- ^ Lewicy, Rzecznik Nowej (27 February 2023). "Lewica łączy siły na wybory. Porozumienie Nowej Lewicy, partii Razem, Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej i Unii Pracy podpisane!". Nowa Lewica (in Polish). Retrieved 1 June 2023.
- ^ Luxemburg, Rosa (2019). The complete works of Rosa Luxemburg. Peter Hudis, Paul Le Blanc, David Fernbach, Joseph G. Fracchia, George Shriver, Nicholas Gray. London. ISBN 978-1-84467-974-4. OCLC 857863128.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Marzec, Wiktor; Turunen, Risto (1 June 2018). "Socialisms in the Tsarist Borderlands". Contributions to the History of Concepts. 13 (1): 22–50. doi:10.3167/choc.2018.130103. ISSN 1807-9326. S2CID 149702151.
- ^ Suławka, Adam Radosław (31 December 2015). "Prasa Komitetu Centralnego Komunistycznej Partii Zachodniej Białorusi (KC KPZB) wydawana w języku Rosyjskim". Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. 50 (2): 55. doi:10.12775/SDR.2015.2.03. ISSN 2353-6403. S2CID 131755073.
- ^ Kowalski, Stanisław (2018). Dzieje Kępna : od początku istnienia do 2015 r. Kępno. Urząd Miasta i Gminy (Wydanie pierwsze ed.). Kępno: Gmina Kępno. ISBN 978-83-66149-00-7. OCLC 1088955807.
- ^ Dubnow, Simon (1916). History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, Vol. 3. Forgotten Books. ISBN 9781440042393.
- ^ ""Chcemy być demokratyczni". Konieczny o kulisach powstania koła parlamentarnego PPS". Polskie Radio (in Polish). Retrieved 9 February 2022.
External links
- Official website (archived 9 March 2014) (in Polish)