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⚫ | '''Polar amplification''' also referred to as '''Arctic amplification''', is the greater temperature increases in the [[Arctic]] compared to the earth as a whole as a result of the effect of feedbacks and other processes<ref>[http://www.acia.uaf.edu/pages/scientific.html Arctic Climate Impact Assessment - International Arctic Science Committee]</ref> It is not observed in the [[Antarctic]], largely because the [[Southern Ocean]] acts as a heat sink and because of small seasonal variations in snow cover.<ref name = realclimate>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2004/12/antarctic-cooling-global-warming/ |title=Antarctic cooling, global warming? |work=RealClimate |date=3 December 2004}}</ref> It is common to see it stated that "[[Climate models]] generally predict amplified warming in polar regions", e.g. Doran et al.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Peter T. |last1=Doran |first2=John C. |last2=Priscu |first3=W. Berry |last3=Lyons |first4=John E. |last4=Walsh |first5=Andrew G. |last5=Fountain |first6=Diane M. |last6=McKnight |last7=Moorhead |journal=Nature |first7=DL |last8=Virginia |first8=RA |last9=Wall |first9=DH |last10=Clow |first10=Gary D. |last11=Fritsen |first11=Christian H. |last12=McKay |first12=Christopher P. |last13=Parsons |first13=Andrew N. |title=Antarctic climate cooling and terrestrial ecosystem response |pages=517–20 |date=31 January 2002 |pmid=11793010 |doi=10.1038/nature710 |volume=415 |issue=6871 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v415/n6871/full/nature710.html|display-authors=8 }}</ref> However, climate models predict amplified warming for the Arctic but ''only modest warming for Antarctica''.<ref name = realclimate/> |
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'''Polar amplification''' can refer to amplifying changes in the climate system at the Earth's poles, in response to [[global warming]]. '''Arctic amplification''', relates to northern hemispheric changes, and '''Antarctic amplifaction''' to amplifying changes at the south pole. Amplifying mechanisms can include, the reduction of snow cover and [[Arctic sea ice decline|sea ice]], changes in atmospheric and ocean circulation, the presence of anthropogenic soot in the Arctic environment, increases in cloud cover and water vapor. Most studies connect sea ice changes to polar amplification.<ref name="IPCC 2013">{{cite journal|url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter11_FINAL.pdf|title=IPCC AR5 - Near-term Climate Change: Projections and Predictability (Chapter 11 / page 983 )|year=2013}}</ref> |
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== Arctic amplification == |
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{{Main|Climate change in the Arctic}} |
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Arctic amplification has been linked to [[extreme weather]] in mid-latitudes.<ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012GL051000/abstract;jsessionid=DE399DAB6C52D29A4DC4CEE2FDB20AB4.d02t02 ''Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid-latitudes''] 17 March 2012 [[Geophysical Research Letters]] {{DOI|10.1029/2012GL051000}}</ref> |
Arctic amplification has been linked to [[extreme weather]] in mid-latitudes.<ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012GL051000/abstract;jsessionid=DE399DAB6C52D29A4DC4CEE2FDB20AB4.d02t02 ''Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid-latitudes''] 17 March 2012 [[Geophysical Research Letters]] {{DOI|10.1029/2012GL051000}}</ref> |
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== Antarctic amplification == |
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Observation of air temperature only show a slight warming in Antarctica.<ref name = realclimate>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2004/12/antarctic-cooling-global-warming/ |title=Antarctic cooling, global warming? |work=RealClimate |date=3 December 2004}}</ref> [[CMIP5]] modeling projects a decrease in sea ice cover in Antarctica. However, satellite observations show a slight increase in sea ice at the south pole.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter11_FINAL.pdf|title=IPCC AR5 - Near-term Climate Change: Projections and Predictability (Chapter 11 / page 996)|year=2013}}</ref> |
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<center><gallery> |
<center><gallery> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Arctic dipole anomaly]] |
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*[[Climate of the Arctic]] |
*[[Climate of the Arctic]] |
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*[[Jet Stream]] |
*[[Jet Stream]] |
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*[[Polar see-saw]] |
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*[[Polar vortex]] |
*[[Polar vortex]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Global warming|state=collapsed}} |
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{{Climate oscillations|state=collapsed}} |
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[[Category:Arctic Ocean]] |
[[Category:Arctic Ocean]] |
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[[Category:Climate change]] |
[[Category:Climate change]] |
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[[Category:Environment of the Arctic]] |
[[Category:Environment of the Arctic]] |
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[[Category:Global warming]] |
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[[Category:Environment of Antarctica]] |
Revision as of 18:49, 28 April 2014
Polar amplification also referred to as Arctic amplification, is the greater temperature increases in the Arctic compared to the earth as a whole as a result of the effect of feedbacks and other processes[1] It is not observed in the Antarctic, largely because the Southern Ocean acts as a heat sink and because of small seasonal variations in snow cover.[2] It is common to see it stated that "Climate models generally predict amplified warming in polar regions", e.g. Doran et al.[3] However, climate models predict amplified warming for the Arctic but only modest warming for Antarctica.[2]
Arctic amplification has been linked to extreme weather in mid-latitudes.[4]
-
Arctic Temperature Trend 1987–2007
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Antarctic Temperature Trend 1981–2007 (note: temperature scale differs considerably from the Arctic plot)
See also
References
- ^ Arctic Climate Impact Assessment - International Arctic Science Committee
- ^ a b "Antarctic cooling, global warming?". RealClimate. 3 December 2004.
- ^ Doran, Peter T.; Priscu, John C.; Lyons, W. Berry; Walsh, John E.; Fountain, Andrew G.; McKnight, Diane M.; Moorhead, DL; Virginia, RA; et al. (31 January 2002). "Antarctic climate cooling and terrestrial ecosystem response". Nature. 415 (6871): 517–20. doi:10.1038/nature710. PMID 11793010.
- ^ Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid-latitudes 17 March 2012 Geophysical Research Letters doi:10.1029/2012GL051000