Slugger O'Toole (talk | contribs) Undid revision 673853258 by Mattnad (talk) source says its related: "The current attack on Planned Parenthood in Congress follows the release of three heavily edited undercover videos..." |
Rv to last version by Mattnad: continuing misrepresentations of sources, etc., and 1RR violations |
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===Undercover recordings by pro-life activists=== |
===Undercover recordings by pro-life activists=== |
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[[File:Planned Parenthood HCR.jpg|thumb|right|Planned Parenthood supporters in [[Columbus, OH]]]] |
[[File:Planned Parenthood HCR.jpg|thumb|right|Planned Parenthood supporters in [[Columbus, OH]]]] |
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Periodically pro-life advocates and activists have tried to demonstrate that Planned Parenthood does not follow applicable state or federal laws. The groups called or visited a Planned Parenthood health center posing as victims of statutory rape,<ref>{{cite news|title = Pro-Life Group Launches Undercover Sting|url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,54079,00.html|publisher = [[Fox News]]|date = 2002-05-31|accessdate = 2007-03-12}}</ref> minors who would need parental notification for abortion,<ref name=tactics>{{cite news | last = Mieszkowski | first = Katharine | coauthors = | title = Abortion foes' dirty tactics: Advocates of a California "parental notification" bill accuse Planned Parenthood of protecting sexual predators instead of teen girls. But who is really breaking the law? | work = | pages = | language = | publisher = [[Salon.com]] | date = November 4, 2006 | url = http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2006/11/04/parental_notification | accessdate = January 14, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Jailbait">{{cite news | last = Mieszkowski | first = Katharine | coauthors = | title = Jailbait: How antiabortion zealots posing as underage girls tried to entrap Planned Parenthood workers. | work = | pages = | language = | publisher = [[Salon.com]] | date = September 26, 2002 | url = http://dir.salon.com/story/mwt/feature/2002/09/26/abort/index.html | accessdate = January 14, 2011}}</ref> |
Periodically pro-life advocates and activists have tried to demonstrate that Planned Parenthood does not follow applicable state or federal laws. The groups called or visited a Planned Parenthood health center posing as victims of statutory rape,<ref>{{cite news|title = Pro-Life Group Launches Undercover Sting|url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,54079,00.html|publisher = [[Fox News]]|date = 2002-05-31|accessdate = 2007-03-12}}</ref> minors who would need parental notification for abortion,<ref name="Abortion foes dirty tactics">{{cite news | last = Mieszkowski | first = Katharine | coauthors = | title = Abortion foes' dirty tactics: Advocates of a California "parental notification" bill accuse Planned Parenthood of protecting sexual predators instead of teen girls. But who is really breaking the law? | work = | pages = | language = | publisher = [[Salon.com]] | date = November 4, 2006 | url = http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2006/11/04/parental_notification | accessdate = January 14, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Jailbait">{{cite news | last = Mieszkowski | first = Katharine | coauthors = | title = Jailbait: How antiabortion zealots posing as underage girls tried to entrap Planned Parenthood workers. | work = | pages = | language = | publisher = [[Salon.com]] | date = September 26, 2002 | url = http://dir.salon.com/story/mwt/feature/2002/09/26/abort/index.html | accessdate = January 14, 2011}}</ref> or pimps who want abortions for child prostitutes.<ref>{{cite news | last = Crary | first = David | coauthors = | title = Clinic manager fired after anti-abortion sting | work = | pages = | language = | agency = Associated Press | date = February 2, 2011 | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/41382676/ns/us_news-life/ | accessdate = February 5, 2011}}</ref> |
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A 2005 review by the [[Presidency of George W. Bush|Bush administration]]'s [[Department of Health and Human Services]] "yielded no evidence of clinics around the nation failing to comply with laws on reporting child abuse, child molestation, sexual abuse, rape or incest."<ref name="Abortion foes dirty tactics"/> Newer videos have become sophisticated than previous efforts.<ref name=wave>{{cite news | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2015/07/28/how-the-planned-parenthood-videos-set-off-a-renewed-wave-of-activism-on-abortion/ | title = How the Planned Parenthood videos set off a renewed wave of activism on abortion | first = Sarah | last = Pulliam Bailey | date = July 28, 2015 | accessdate = July 30, 2015 | publisher = The Washington Post }}</ref> |
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====2002 Life Dynamics phone calls==== |
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Activists from Life Dynamics conducted "an elaborate sting opperation" in 2002, making 800 phone calls to Planned Parenthood affiliates.<ref name=tactics/> On the calls they posed as pregnant 13-year-old girls, and said they were impregnated by 22-year-old men. They posted the audio files and transcripts of the calls online, and found that 91% of clinics did not report their suspicions of [[statutory rape]] as they are required to by law.<ref name=tactics/> On one call, the receptionist coaches the girl not to mention her boyfriend's age when she arrives for the appointment to avoid triggering the [[mandated reporter]] laws.<ref name=tactics/> Several states investigated, but found that since there were not actually any girls who had been raped that Planned Parenthood did not commit any crimes.<ref name=tactics/> A 2005 review by the [[Department of Health and Human Services]] found no evidence of clinics violating laws on reporting child and sexual abuse.<ref name=tactics/> |
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====2011 Live Action undercover videos==== |
====2011 Live Action undercover videos==== |
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In 2015, the [[Center for Medical Progress (political organization)|Center for Medical Progress (CMP)]], an organization supported through funding and consulting by [[Operation Rescue (Kansas)|Operation Rescue]],<ref>{{cite web|quote=Operation Rescue provides "advice, consulting, funds" to the CMP|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/07/21/planned-parenthood-official-jokes-about-buying-lamborghini-with-fetus-tissue-profits.html|title=Hoaxers Fail to Nail Planned Parenthood in New Video|work=The Daily Beast|author=Samantha Allen|date=21 Jul 2015}}</ref> released videos that they said depicted Planned Parenthood officials discussing the sale of harvested fetal organs and tissue.<ref name=yahoohealthjul>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/health/david-daleidens-center-for-medical-progress-video-124676854202.html|title=Who Is the 26-Year-Old Man Behind the Planned Parenthood 'Sting' Videos?|work=Yahoo Health|date=22 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=nyt23jul>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/us/with-planned-parenthood-videos-activist-ignites-abortion-issue.html|title=With Planned Parenthood Videos, Activist Ignites Abortion Issue|work=New York Times|date=23 Jul 2015}}</ref><ref name=usnews>{{cite news|url=http://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015/07/26/planned-parenthood-official-says-no-profit-from-fetal-organs |title=Planned Parenthood president says group doesn't profit from fetal organ research |date=July 26, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015}}</ref> A portion of the videos appear to show Planned Parenthood officials discussing the ethics of altering an abortion procedure for the purpose of preserving the fetal tissues. In a second video, the activists asked a Planned Parenthood representative if they would change their standard procedures for more money "Well, now you’re shading into the area of you’re paying me to do something that’s not right. So that’s not what I want to talk about!" {{undue-inline|reason=Discussion alone is not important enough for an encyclopedia.|date=July 2015}}<ref name=secondvideo>{{cite news | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/07/21/antiabortion-group-releases-second-planned-parenthood-video/ | title = Antiabortion group releases second Planned Parenthood video | first1 = Sandhya | last1 = Somashekhar | first2 = Abby | last2= Ohlheiser | date = July 21, 2015 | accessdate = July 27, 2015 | publisher = The Washington Post }}</ref><ref name=caplan>{{cite news | url = http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-fetal-tissue-planned-parenthood-video-perspec-0724-20150723-story.html | title = Commentary: Planned Parenthood's awkward clash | first = Arthur L. | last = Caplan | authorlink = Arthur Caplan | date = July 23, 2015 | accessdate = July 29, 2015 | quote = In the videos, there are hints that abortion procedures might be altered to obtain particular tissue and there is some unseemly haggling over the processing fees. }}</ref> |
In 2015, the [[Center for Medical Progress (political organization)|Center for Medical Progress (CMP)]], an organization supported through funding and consulting by [[Operation Rescue (Kansas)|Operation Rescue]],<ref>{{cite web|quote=Operation Rescue provides "advice, consulting, funds" to the CMP|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/07/21/planned-parenthood-official-jokes-about-buying-lamborghini-with-fetus-tissue-profits.html|title=Hoaxers Fail to Nail Planned Parenthood in New Video|work=The Daily Beast|author=Samantha Allen|date=21 Jul 2015}}</ref> released videos that they said depicted Planned Parenthood officials discussing the sale of harvested fetal organs and tissue.<ref name=yahoohealthjul>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/health/david-daleidens-center-for-medical-progress-video-124676854202.html|title=Who Is the 26-Year-Old Man Behind the Planned Parenthood 'Sting' Videos?|work=Yahoo Health|date=22 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=nyt23jul>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/us/with-planned-parenthood-videos-activist-ignites-abortion-issue.html|title=With Planned Parenthood Videos, Activist Ignites Abortion Issue|work=New York Times|date=23 Jul 2015}}</ref><ref name=usnews>{{cite news|url=http://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015/07/26/planned-parenthood-official-says-no-profit-from-fetal-organs |title=Planned Parenthood president says group doesn't profit from fetal organ research |date=July 26, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015}}</ref> A portion of the videos appear to show Planned Parenthood officials discussing the ethics of altering an abortion procedure for the purpose of preserving the fetal tissues. In a second video, the activists asked a Planned Parenthood representative if they would change their standard procedures for more money "Well, now you’re shading into the area of you’re paying me to do something that’s not right. So that’s not what I want to talk about!" {{undue-inline|reason=Discussion alone is not important enough for an encyclopedia.|date=July 2015}}<ref name=secondvideo>{{cite news | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/07/21/antiabortion-group-releases-second-planned-parenthood-video/ | title = Antiabortion group releases second Planned Parenthood video | first1 = Sandhya | last1 = Somashekhar | first2 = Abby | last2= Ohlheiser | date = July 21, 2015 | accessdate = July 27, 2015 | publisher = The Washington Post }}</ref><ref name=caplan>{{cite news | url = http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-fetal-tissue-planned-parenthood-video-perspec-0724-20150723-story.html | title = Commentary: Planned Parenthood's awkward clash | first = Arthur L. | last = Caplan | authorlink = Arthur Caplan | date = July 23, 2015 | accessdate = July 29, 2015 | quote = In the videos, there are hints that abortion procedures might be altered to obtain particular tissue and there is some unseemly haggling over the processing fees. }}</ref> |
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In response, Planned Parenthood said that they may donate fetal tissue at the request of a patient, but maintained that fetal organs and tissue are never sold.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/planned-parenthood-sting-video_55ad3b63e4b0caf721b3633d |title=Planned Parenthood: More Sting Videos Are Coming |date=July 20, 2015 |last=Bassett |first=Laura |work=Huffington Post}}</ref> Richards said fetal organ donation takes place in a few places and that the tissue is given to medical research.<ref name="usnews" /> Richards, however, "personally apologize[d] for the staff member's tone and statements," saying the videos were "unacceptable."<ref name=merica>{{cite news | url = http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/23/politics/hillary-clinton-planned-parenthood-video-attack/ | title = Hillary Clinton: Planned Parenthood video part of 'concerted attack' | first = Dan | last = Merica | publisher = CNN | date = July 23, 2015 | accessdate = July 28, 2015 }}</ref> Jim Vaught, president of the [[International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories]] said that "$30 to $100 per sample is a reasonable charge for clinical operations to recover their costs for providing tissue."<ref name=factcheck_unspinning>{{cite web|url=http://www.factcheck.org/2015/07/unspinning-the-planned-parenthood-video/|title=Unspinning the Planned Parenthood Video|work=factcheck.org}}</ref> |
In response, Planned Parenthood said that they may donate fetal tissue at the request of a patient, but maintained that fetal organs and tissue are never sold.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/planned-parenthood-sting-video_55ad3b63e4b0caf721b3633d |title=Planned Parenthood: More Sting Videos Are Coming |date=July 20, 2015 |last=Bassett |first=Laura |work=Huffington Post}}</ref> Richards said fetal organ donation takes place in a few places and that the tissue is given to medical research.<ref name="usnews" /> Richards, however, "personally apologize[d] for the staff member's tone and statements," saying the tone in videos were "unacceptable."<ref name=merica>{{cite news | url = http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/23/politics/hillary-clinton-planned-parenthood-video-attack/ | title = Hillary Clinton: Planned Parenthood video part of 'concerted attack' | first = Dan | last = Merica | publisher = CNN | date = July 23, 2015 | accessdate = July 28, 2015 }}</ref> Jim Vaught, president of the [[International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories]] said that "$30 to $100 per sample is a reasonable charge for clinical operations to recover their costs for providing tissue."<ref name=factcheck_unspinning>{{cite web|url=http://www.factcheck.org/2015/07/unspinning-the-planned-parenthood-video/|title=Unspinning the Planned Parenthood Video|work=factcheck.org}}</ref> |
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=====Congressional and state investigations===== |
=====Congressional and state investigations===== |
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The videos were shown to members of the Congressional pro-life caucus a month before being made available to the public,<ref name=yahootiming>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/health/coincidence-or-is-it-planned-parenthood-sting-124262369437.html|title=Coincidence ... or Is It? Planned Parenthood ‘Sting’ Video Isn’t First to Derail Legislation|work=Yahoo Health|date=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.rollcall.com/218/interview-didnt-happen/|title=Lawmakers Knew About Planned Parenthood Video Weeks Ago (Video)|work=Rollcall.com|date=16 July 2015}}</ref> allowing legislators to introduce bills to defund Federal funding for Planned Parenthood within a week after the first video was released.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/rand-paul-gop-tax-code-planned-parenthood-funding-120469.html|title=Republicans offer legislation defunding Planned Parenthood|author=Brianna Ehley|date=22 July 2015|work=POLITICO}}</ref> Planned Parenthood's most recent annual report says that of its $1.3 billion annual budget, $528 million comes from the Federal government through Congressionial appropriations, although included in that amount is some money from the states.<ref name=Fram1/> |
The videos were shown to members of the Congressional pro-life caucus a month before being made available to the public,<ref name=yahootiming>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/health/coincidence-or-is-it-planned-parenthood-sting-124262369437.html|title=Coincidence ... or Is It? Planned Parenthood ‘Sting’ Video Isn’t First to Derail Legislation|work=Yahoo Health|date=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.rollcall.com/218/interview-didnt-happen/|title=Lawmakers Knew About Planned Parenthood Video Weeks Ago (Video)|work=Rollcall.com|date=16 July 2015}}</ref> allowing legislators to introduce bills to defund Federal funding for Planned Parenthood within a week after the first video was released.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/rand-paul-gop-tax-code-planned-parenthood-funding-120469.html|title=Republicans offer legislation defunding Planned Parenthood|author=Brianna Ehley|date=22 July 2015|work=POLITICO}}</ref> Planned Parenthood's most recent annual report says that of its $1.3 billion annual budget, $528 million comes from the Federal government through Congressionial appropriations, although included in that amount is some money from the states.<ref name=Fram1/> |
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Members of Congress, and some states legislators initiated investigations into Planned Parenthood.<ref name=secondvideo/> On July 14, 2015, [[House Speaker John Boehner]] ordered congressional hearings into these practices of Planned Parenthood, and at least one committee committed to scheduling a hearing.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fram|first1=Alan|title=John Boehner calls for investigation into whether Planned Parenthood is selling organs|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/john-boehner-calls-for-planned-parenthood-investigation-2015-7?r=US&IR=T|website=Business Insider UK|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=24 July 2015}}</ref> In the Senate, Democratic leader [[Harry Reid]] has said that they “should be looked into,”<ref name=wave/> |
Members of Congress, and some states legislators initiated investigations into Planned Parenthood.<ref name=secondvideo/> On July 14, 2015, [[House Speaker John Boehner]] ordered congressional hearings into these practices of Planned Parenthood, and at least one committee committed to scheduling a hearing.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fram|first1=Alan|title=John Boehner calls for investigation into whether Planned Parenthood is selling organs|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/john-boehner-calls-for-planned-parenthood-investigation-2015-7?r=US&IR=T|website=Business Insider UK|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=24 July 2015}}</ref> In the Senate, Democratic leader [[Harry Reid]] has said that they “should be looked into,”<ref name=wave/><ref name=mitch>{{cite news | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/republicans-planned-parenthood-womens-health_55b8f97fe4b0a13f9d1b1438 | title = Mitch McConnell Says 'Women's Health' Five Times In Attempt To Defund Planned Parenthood | first = Laura | last = Bassett | publisher = The Huffington Post | date = July 29, 2015 | accessdate = July 30, 2015 }}</ref> |
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Three Congressional committees are making inquiries into PP practices, including the [[House Energy and Commerce Committee]], which wants a briefing from Planned Parenthood executive Deborah Nucatola.<ref name=Fram1>Allan Fram - "Videos a Political Blow to Planned Parenthood, Democrats; Congressional hearings seem likely", ''[[Minneapolis Star Tribune]]'', ([[Associated Press|AP]]), July 27, 2015.[http://www.startribune.com/no-sign-that-issue-of-planned-parenthood-videos-is-fading/318609621/] Retrieved 2015-07-27</ref> Planned Parenthood's Dr.Deborah Nucatola, senior director of medical services, has not said she would appear; however, Committee Chairman Rep. Fred Upton said in an interview that, "at the end of the day, she'll testify", by appearing under subpoena if necessary.<ref name=Fram1/> |
Three Congressional committees are making inquiries into PP practices, including the [[House Energy and Commerce Committee]], which wants a briefing from Planned Parenthood executive Deborah Nucatola.<ref name=Fram1>Allan Fram - "Videos a Political Blow to Planned Parenthood, Democrats; Congressional hearings seem likely", ''[[Minneapolis Star Tribune]]'', ([[Associated Press|AP]]), July 27, 2015.[http://www.startribune.com/no-sign-that-issue-of-planned-parenthood-videos-is-fading/318609621/] Retrieved 2015-07-27</ref> Planned Parenthood's Dr.Deborah Nucatola, senior director of medical services, has not said she would appear; however, Committee Chairman Rep. Fred Upton said in an interview that, "at the end of the day, she'll testify", by appearing under subpoena if necessary.<ref name=Fram1/> |
Revision as of 23:32, 30 July 2015
File:Planned Parenthood logo.svg | |
Abbreviation | PPFA |
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Formation | 1916 to 1942[note 1] |
Legal status | Federation |
Purpose | Reproductive health |
Headquarters | New York City & Washington, D.C. |
Location |
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Region served | United States |
Membership | 59 independent affiliates[1] |
President | Cecile Richards |
Affiliations | International Planned Parenthood Federation |
Budget | $1.04 billion (as of 2008–09)[2] |
Website | PlannedParenthood.org |
Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA), commonly shortened to Planned Parenthood, is the U.S. affiliate of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) and one of its larger members. PPFA is a non-profit organization that provides reproductive health and maternal and child health services. The Planned Parenthood Action Fund, Inc. (PPAF) is a related organization which lobbies for pro-choice legislation, comprehensive sex education, and access to affordable health care in the United States. In recent years, Planned Parenthood has begun to move away from the pro-choice label to words and phrases that more accurately reflect the entire range of women's health and economic issues.[3]
Planned Parenthood is the largest U.S. provider of reproductive health services, including cancer screening, HIV screening and counseling, contraception, and abortion.[4][5][6] Contraception accounts for 34% of PPFA's total services and abortions account for 3%. PPFA conducts roughly 300,000 abortions annually, among the 3 million people the organization serves.[7][8][9]
The organization has its roots in Brooklyn, New York, where Margaret Sanger opened the first birth-control clinic in the U.S., and founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which in 1942 became part of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Since then, Planned Parenthood has grown to have approximately 700 clinic locations in the U.S.,[10] with a total budget of US $1 billion. PPFA provides an array of services to over three million people in the United States, and supports services for over one million clients outside the United States.
History
Early history
The origins of Planned Parenthood date to October 16, 1916, when Margaret Sanger, her sister Ethel Byrne, and Fania Mindell opened the first birth control clinic in the U.S. in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn, New York.[11] All three women were immediately arrested and jailed for violating provisions of the Comstock Act, accused of distributing "obscene materials" at the clinic. The "Brownsville trials" brought national attention and support to their cause, and although Sanger and her co-defendants were convicted, their convictions were eventually overturned. Their campaign led to major changes in the laws governing birth control and sex education in the United States.[12]
In 1938, the clinic was organized into the American Birth Control League, which became part of the only national birth control organization in the US until the 1960s, but the title was found too offensive and "against families" so the League began discussions for a new name.[13] By 1941, the organization was operating 222 centers and had served 49,000 clients.[14] By 1942 the League had become part of what became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.[13]
By 1960, the Federation's grassroots volunteers had provided family planning counseling in hundreds of communities across the country.[14] Planned Parenthood was one of the founding members of the International Planned Parenthood Federation when it was launched at a conference in Bombay, India in 1952.[14][15]
After Sanger
Following Margaret Sanger, Alan Frank Guttmacher became president of Planned Parenthood, and served from 1962 until 1974.[16] During his tenure, the Food and Drug Administration approved the sale of the original birth control pill, giving rise to new attitudes towards women's reproductive freedom.[14] Also during his presidency, Planned Parenthood lobbied the federal government to support reproductive health, culminating with President Richard Nixon's signing of Title X to provide governmental subsidies for low-income women to access family planning services.[17] The Center for Family Planning Program Development was also founded as a semi-autonomous division during this time.[18] The center became an independent organization and was renamed the Guttmacher Institute in 1977.[18]
Faye Wattleton was the first woman named president of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America in 1978, and served until 1992.[19] She was the first African-American to serve as president, and the youngest president in Planned Parenthood's history.[20] During her term, Planned Parenthood grew to become the seventh largest charity in the country, providing services to four million clients each year through its 170 affiliates, whose activities were spread across 50 states.[21]
From 1996 to 2006, Planned Parenthood was led by Gloria Feldt.[22][23] Feldt activated the Planned Parenthood Action Fund, the organization's political action committee, launching what was the most far reaching electoral advocacy effort in its history.[24] She also launched the Responsible Choices Action Agenda, a nationwide campaign to increase services to prevent unwanted pregnancies, improve quality of reproductive care and ensure access to safe and legal abortions.[14] Another initiative was the commencement of a "Global Partnership Program", with the aim of building a vibrant activist constituency in support of family planning.[14]
On February 15, 2006, Cecile Richards became president of the organization.[25]
Margaret Sanger Awards
In 1966, PPFA began awarding the Margaret Sanger Award annually to honor, in their words: "individuals of distinction in recognition of excellence and leadership in furthering reproductive health and reproductive rights." In the first year, it was awarded to four men, Carl G. Hartman, William H. Draper, Lyndon Baines Johnson, and Martin Luther King.[26][27][28][29] Later recipients have included John D. Rockefeller III, Katharine Hepburn, Jane Fonda, Hillary Rodham Clinton, and Ted Turner.[30][31][32]
Services and facilities
PPFA is a federation of 85 independent Planned Parenthood affiliates around the U.S.[1] These affiliates together operate more than 820 health centers in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.[1][33] The largest of these facilities, a $26 million, 78,000-square-foot (7,200 m2) structure was completed in Houston, Texas in May 2010.[34] This serves as a headquarters for 12 clinics in Texas and Louisiana.[34] Together, they are the largest family planning services provider in the U.S. with over four million activists, supporters and donors.[35][36][37] Planned Parenthood is staffed by 27,000 staff members and volunteers.[38]
They serve over five million clients a year, 26% of which are teenagers under the age of 19.[39] According to Planned Parenthood, 75% of their clients have incomes at or below 150 percent of the federal poverty level.[38]
Services provided at locations include contraceptives (birth control); emergency contraception; screening for breast, cervical and testicular cancers; pregnancy testing and pregnancy options counseling; testing and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases; comprehensive sexuality education, menopause treatments; vasectomies, tubal ligations, and abortion.
In 2009, Planned Parenthood provided 4,009,549 contraceptive services (35% of total), 3,955,926 sexually transmitted disease services (35% of total), 1,830,811 cancer related services (16% of total), 1,178,369 pregnancy/prenatal/midlife services (10% of total), 332,278 abortion services (3% of total), and 76,977 other services (1% of total), for a total of 11,383,900 services.[9][38][40][41][42][43] The organization also said its doctors and nurses annually conduct 1 million screenings for cervical cancer and 830,000 breast exams.
Funding
Planned Parenthood has received federal funding since 1970, when President Richard Nixon signed into law the Family Planning Services and Population Research Act, amending the Public Health Service Act. Title X of that law provides funding for family planning services, including contraception and family planning information. The law enjoyed bipartisan support from liberals who saw contraception access as increasing families' control over their lives, and conservatives who saw it as a way to keep people off welfare. Nixon described Title X funding as based on the premise that "no American woman should be denied access to family planning assistance because of her economic condition."[44]
In the fiscal year ending June 30, 2011, total (consolidated) revenue was $201 million: clinic revenue totaling $2 million, grants and donations of $190 million, investment income of $2 million, and $7 million other income.[45] Approximately two-thirds of the revenue is put towards the provision of health services, while non-medical services such as sex education and public policy work make up another 16%; management expenses, fundraising, and international family planning programs account for most of the rest.
Planned Parenthood receives about a third of its money in government grants and contracts (about $360 million in 2009).[46] By law, federal funding cannot be allocated for abortions,[47] but some opponents of abortion have argued that allocating money to Planned Parenthood for the provision of other medical services "frees up" funds to be re-allocated for abortion.[4][48]
A coalition of national and local pro-life groups have lobbied federal and state governments to stop funding Planned Parenthood. As a result, federal and state legislators have proposed legislation to reduce funding levels.[47][49] Some six states have gone ahead with such proposals.[4][50][51][52] In some cases, the courts have overturned such actions, citing conflict with federal or other state laws, and in others, the federal executive branch has provided funding in lieu of the states.[51][52][53] In other cases, complete or partial defunding of Planned Parenthood has gone through successfully.[54][55]
Planned Parenthood is also funded by private donors, with a membership base of over 700,000 active donors whose contributions account for approximately one quarter of the organization's revenue.[56] Large donors also contribute a substantial portion of the organization's budget. Past donors have included the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Buffett Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the Turner Foundation, the Cullmans, and others.[57][58][59][60] The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's contributions to the organization have been specifically marked to avoid funding abortions.[57] Some, such as the Buffett Foundation, have supported reproductive health that can include abortion services.[57] Pro-life groups have advocated the boycott of donors to Planned Parenthood.[61]
Stand on political and legal issues
Planned Parenthood and its predecessor organizations have provided and advocated for access to birth control. The modern organization of Planned Parenthood America is also an advocate for reproductive rights.[62] This advocacy includes contributing to sponsorship of abortion rights and to women's rights events,[63] and assisting in the testing of new contraceptives.[64] The Federation opposes restrictions on women's reproductive health services, including parental consent laws. Planned Parenthood has cited the case of Becky Bell, who died following a septic abortion after failing to seek parental consent, to justify their opposition.[65][66] Planned Parenthood also takes the position that laws requiring parental notification before an abortion is performed on a minor are unconstitutional on privacy grounds.[67]
The organization also opposes laws requiring ultrasounds before abortions, stating that their only purpose is to make abortions more difficult to obtain.[68] Planned Parenthood has also opposed initiatives that require waiting periods before abortions,[69] and bans on late-term abortions including intact dilation and extraction, which has been illegal in the U.S. since 2003.[70]
Planned Parenthood argues for the wide availability of emergency contraception (EC) measures.[71] It opposes conscience clauses, which allow pharmacists to refuse to dispense drugs against their beliefs. In support of their position, they have cited cases where pharmacists have refused to fill life saving drugs under the laws.[72] Planned Parenthood has also been critical of hospitals that do not provide access to EC for rape victims.[73] Planned Parenthood supports and provides FDA-approved abortifacients such as mifepristone.[74]
Citing the need for medically accurate information in sex education, Planned Parenthood opposes abstinence-only education in public schools. Instead, Planned Parenthood is a provider of, and endorses, comprehensive sex education, which includes discussion of both abstinence and birth control.[75]
Political Action Committee
Planned Parenthood also has a political action committee called Planned Parenthood Action Fund. The committee was founded in 1996 by then new president Gloria Feldt for the purpose of maintaining reproductive health rights and supporting political candidates of the same mindset. In 2012 election cycle the committee gained prominence based on its effectiveness of spending on candidates.[76]
Before the U.S. Supreme Court
Planned Parenthood regional chapters have been active in the American courts. A number of cases in which Planned Parenthood has been a party have reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Notable among these cases is the 1992 case Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the case that sets forth the current constitutional abortion standard. In this case, "Planned Parenthood" was the Southeast Pennsylvania Chapter, and "Casey" was Robert Casey, the governor of Pennsylvania. The ultimate ruling was split, and Roe v. Wade was narrowed but upheld in an opinion written by Sandra Day O'Connor, Anthony Kennedy, and David Souter. Harry Blackmun and John Paul Stevens concurred with the main decision in separately written opinions. The Supreme Court struck down spousal consent requirements for married women to obtain abortions, but found no "undue burden"—an alternative to strict scrutiny which tests the allowable limitations on rights protected under the Constitution—from the other statutory requirements. Dissenting were William Rehnquist, Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas, and Byron White. Blackmun, Rehnquist, and White were the only justices who voted on the original Roe v. Wade decision in 1973 who were still on the Supreme Court to rule on this case, and their votes on this case were consistent with their votes on the original decision that legalized abortion.[77] Only Blackmun voted to maintain Roe v. Wade in its entirety.
Other related cases include:
- Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth (1976). Planned Parenthood challenged the constitutionality of a Missouri law encompassing parental consent, spousal consent, clinic bookkeeping and allowed abortion methods. Portions of the challenged law were held to be constitutional, others not.[78]
- Planned Parenthood Association of Kansas City v. Ashcroft (1983). Planned Parenthood challenged the constitutionality of a Missouri law encompassing parental consent, clinic record keeping, and hospitalization requirements. Most of the challenged law was held to be constitutional.[79]
- Planned Parenthood v. ACLA (2001). The American Coalition of Life Activists (ACLA) released a flier and "Wanted" posters with complete personal information about doctors who performed abortions. A civil jury and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals both found that the material was indeed "true threats" and not protected speech.[80]
- Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood (2003). Planned Parenthood sued Attorney General Gonzales for an injunction against the enforcement of the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003. Planned Parenthood argued the act was unconstitutional because it violated the Fifth Amendment, namely in that it was overly vague, violated women's constitutional right to have access to abortion, and did not include language for exceptions for the health of the mother. Both the district court and the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit agreed,[81][82] but that decision was overturned in a 5–4 ruling by the Supreme Court.[83]
- Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England (2006). Planned Parenthood et al. challenged the constitutionality of a New Hampshire parental notification law related to access to abortion.[84][85] In Sandra Day O'Connor's final decision before retirement, the Supreme Court sent the case back to lower courts with instructions to seek a remedy short of wholesale invalidation of the statute. New Hampshire ended up repealing the statute via the legislative process.[86]
State and local court cases against Planned Parenthood
In some states, Attorneys General have subpoenaed medical records of patients treated by Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood has gone to court to keep from turning over these records, citing medical privacy and concerns about the motivation for seeking the records.[87]
In 2006, Kansas Attorney General Phill Kline, a strongly anti-abortion advocate, released some sealed patient records obtained from Planned Parenthood to the public. His actions were described as "troubling" by the state Supreme Court, but Planned Parenthood was compelled to turn over the medical records, albeit with more stringent court-mandated privacy safeguards for the patients involved.[87] In 2007, Kline's successor, Paul J. Morrison, notified the clinic that no criminal charges would be filed after a three-year investigation, as "an objective, unbiased and thorough examination" showed no wrongdoing. Morrison stated that he believed Kline had politicized the attorney general's office.[88] In 2012, a Kansas district attorney dropped all of the remaining criminal charges against the Kansas City-area Planned Parenthood clinic accused of performing illegal abortions, citing a lack of evidence of wrongdoing.[89] In all, the Planned Parenthood clinic had faced 107 criminal charges from Kline and other Kansas prosecutors, all of which were ultimately dropped for lack of evidence.[89]
In Indiana, Planned Parenthood was not required to turn over its medical records in an investigation of possible child abuse.[90]
In October 2005, Planned Parenthood Minnesota/North Dakota/South Dakota was fined $50,000 for violating a Minnesota state parental consent law.[91]
On December 31, 2012, Judge Gary Harger ruled that the state of Texas may exclude otherwise qualified doctors and clinics from receiving state funding, if the doctors or clinics advocate for abortion rights.[92]
Controversy and criticism
Abortion
Planned Parenthood has occupied a central position in the abortion debate in the U.S., and has been among the most prominent targets of U.S. pro-life activists for decades. Some members of Congress, overwhelmingly Republicans, have attempted since the 1980s to defund the organization,[46] nearly leading to a government shutdown over the issue in 2011.[93] Planned Parenthood has consistently maintained, however, that federal money received by Planned Parenthood is not used to fund abortion services, but pro-life activists have argued that the federal funding frees up other resources which are, in turn, used to provide abortions.[46]
Planned Parenthood is the largest single provider of abortions in the U.S.[7] In 2009, Planned Parenthood performed 332,278 abortions – about a quarter of all abortions performed in the US[94][38][95]) – from which it derived $164,154,000, or 15% of its annual revenue in 2008–09.[96] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Abortion Surveillance report indicated that between 2007 and 2010, nearly 36 percent of all abortions in the United States were performed on black children, while African-Americans make up 13 percent of the total population. A further 21 percent of abortions were performed on Hispanics, according to that report, and 7 percent were performed on other minority groups, for a total of 64 percent of U.S. abortions performed on minority populations.[97]
According to PPFA's own estimates, its contraceptive services prevent approximately 612,000 unintended pregnancies and 291,000 abortions annually.[38][98] Planned Parenthood president Cecile Richards has argued that the organization's family planning services reduce the need for abortions.[99] Megan Crepeau of the Chicago Tribune said that, because of its birth control and family planning services, PPFA could be "characterized as America's largest abortion preventer."[100] Anti-abortion activists dispute the evidence that greater access to contraceptives reduces abortions.[101]
Margaret Sanger and eugenics
In the 1920s various theories of eugenics were popular among intellectuals in the United States. (For example, 75% of colleges offered courses on eugenics.)[102] Sanger, in her campaign to promote birth control, teamed with eugenics organizations such as the American Eugenics Society, although she argued against many of their positions.[103][104][105] Scholars describe Sanger as believing that birth control and sterilization should be voluntary, and not based on race.[106] Sanger advocated for "voluntary motherhood"—the right to choose when to be pregnant—for all women, as an important element of women's rights.[107][108]
As part of her efforts to promote birth control, however, Sanger found common cause with proponents of eugenics, believing that she and they both sought to "assist the race toward the elimination of the unfit."[109] Sanger was a proponent of negative eugenics, which aims to improve human hereditary traits through social intervention by reducing the reproduction of those who were considered unfit.[97]
Critics of Planned Parenthood often refer to Sanger's connection with supporters of eugenics to discredit the organization by associating it, and birth control, with the more negative modern view of eugenics.[110][111] Planned Parenthood has responded to this effort directly in a leaflet acknowledging that Sanger agreed with some of her contemporaries who advocated the voluntary hospitalization or sterilization of people with untreatable, disabling, hereditary conditions, and limits on the immigration of the diseased. The leaflet also states that Planned Parenthood "finds these views objectionable and outmoded" but says that it was compelled to discuss the topic because "anti-family planning activists continue to attack Sanger . . . because she is an easier target" than Planned Parenthood.[112]
Undercover recordings by pro-life activists
Periodically pro-life advocates and activists have tried to demonstrate that Planned Parenthood does not follow applicable state or federal laws. The groups called or visited a Planned Parenthood health center posing as victims of statutory rape,[113] minors who would need parental notification for abortion,[114][115] or pimps who want abortions for child prostitutes.[116]
A 2005 review by the Bush administration's Department of Health and Human Services "yielded no evidence of clinics around the nation failing to comply with laws on reporting child abuse, child molestation, sexual abuse, rape or incest."[114] Newer videos have become sophisticated than previous efforts.[117]
2011 Live Action undercover videos
In 2011, the organization Live Action released a series of videos that they said showed Planned Parenthood employees at multiple affiliates actively assisting or being complicit in aiding the underage prostitution ring of actors posing as a pimp and a prostitute. Planned Parenthood conducted a frame-by-frame analysis of the recordings, and said they found instances of "editing that dramatically alter[ed] the meaning of the recorded conversations."[118]
None of these undercover recordings have led to criminal conviction.[119] However, a small number of Planned Parenthood employees and volunteers were fired for not following procedure, and the organization committed to retraining its staff.[120]
2015 Center for Medical Progress undercover videos
In 2015, the Center for Medical Progress (CMP), an organization supported through funding and consulting by Operation Rescue,[121] released videos that they said depicted Planned Parenthood officials discussing the sale of harvested fetal organs and tissue.[122][123][124] A portion of the videos appear to show Planned Parenthood officials discussing the ethics of altering an abortion procedure for the purpose of preserving the fetal tissues. In a second video, the activists asked a Planned Parenthood representative if they would change their standard procedures for more money "Well, now you’re shading into the area of you’re paying me to do something that’s not right. So that’s not what I want to talk about!" [undue weight? ][125][126]
In response, Planned Parenthood said that they may donate fetal tissue at the request of a patient, but maintained that fetal organs and tissue are never sold.[127] Richards said fetal organ donation takes place in a few places and that the tissue is given to medical research.[124] Richards, however, "personally apologize[d] for the staff member's tone and statements," saying the tone in videos were "unacceptable."[128] Jim Vaught, president of the International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories said that "$30 to $100 per sample is a reasonable charge for clinical operations to recover their costs for providing tissue."[129]
Congressional and state investigations
The videos were shown to members of the Congressional pro-life caucus a month before being made available to the public,[130][131] allowing legislators to introduce bills to defund Federal funding for Planned Parenthood within a week after the first video was released.[132] Planned Parenthood's most recent annual report says that of its $1.3 billion annual budget, $528 million comes from the Federal government through Congressionial appropriations, although included in that amount is some money from the states.[133]
Members of Congress, and some states legislators initiated investigations into Planned Parenthood.[125] On July 14, 2015, House Speaker John Boehner ordered congressional hearings into these practices of Planned Parenthood, and at least one committee committed to scheduling a hearing.[134] In the Senate, Democratic leader Harry Reid has said that they “should be looked into,”[117][135]
Three Congressional committees are making inquiries into PP practices, including the House Energy and Commerce Committee, which wants a briefing from Planned Parenthood executive Deborah Nucatola.[133] Planned Parenthood's Dr.Deborah Nucatola, senior director of medical services, has not said she would appear; however, Committee Chairman Rep. Fred Upton said in an interview that, "at the end of the day, she'll testify", by appearing under subpoena if necessary.[133]
Republican Texas Governor Greg Abbott announced an investigation into the women's health organization's practices in Texas, and said that the state would “expand its investigation” after the release of the second video,[125] and Democratic Missouri Attorney General Chris Koster announced that his office would investigate Planned Parenthood for any potential wrongdoing at its clinics in that state.[125] In Massachusetts, where there is no fetal tissue and organ donation program, Attorney General Maura Healey found that aborted fetuses are disposed of properly in a report that "voiced strong support for" Planned Parenthood.[136]
Planned Parenthood issued statements saying the videos are "misleading", part of a campaign to smear the organization, and released a lengthy letter to Congress warning that more videos were coming, and that they would likely be misleading.[125] They also said that the organization has successfully weathered this sort of storm before, and questioned whether the tactics employed by CMP to obtain the videos were legal.[137][138] In response, CMP issued a statement saying that they follow "all applicable laws in the course of our investigative journalism work".[138][138][139]
Violence by anti-abortion activists
Planned Parenthood clinics have been the target of many instances of violence by anti-abortion activists, including bombing, arson, and attacks with chemical weaponry.[140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150] In 1994, John Salvi entered a Brookline, Massachusetts Planned Parenthood clinic and opened fire, murdering receptionist Shannon Elizabeth Lowney and wounding three others. He fled to another Planned Parenthood clinic where he murdered Leane Nichols and wounded two others.[151]
See also
- Timeline of reproductive rights legislation
- Abortion
- Abortion-rights movements
- United States pro-choice movement
- Margaret Sanger
- Susan G. Komen for the Cure#Relationship with Planned Parenthood
Notes
- ^ Planned Parenthood "dates its beginnings to 1916" but a predecessor, the American Birth Control League, was not founded until 1921 and the organization did not adopt its name until 1942.
References
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- ^ "Planned Parenthood 2008–09 Annual Report" (PDF). Planned Parenthood. p. 29. Retrieved February 21, 2011. (For 2008–09, Planned Parenthood's total revenue was $1,100.8 million and their total expenses were $1,037.4 million.)
{{cite web}}
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- ^ a b c Eckholm, Erik (February 17, 2011). "Planned Parenthood Financing Is Caught in Budget Feud". New York Times.
- ^ Largest provider of reproductive health services:
- The Planned Parenthood women's health encyclopedia, p vii
- Jewish Choices, Jewish Voices: Sex and Intimacy, p 149
- Maternal and child health: programs, problems, and policy in public health, p 104–105
- Playing it safe: how the Supreme Court sidesteps hard cases, p 226
- American journal of public health, Volume 83, Issues 7–12, p 1093
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- ^ Jon Kyl says abortion services are "well over 90 percent of what Planned Parenthood does", PolitiFact.com at St. Petersburg Times, 8 April 2011
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{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Kolata, Gina (September 29, 2000), "U.S. Approves Abortion Pill; Drug Offers More Privacy, and Could Reshape Debate", The New York Times, retrieved February 6, 2011
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- ^ Syllabus, Opinion, one Concurrence, and two Concurrence & Dissent statements
- ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 12041276, please use {{cite journal}} with
|pmid=12041276
instead. - ^ "Planned Parenthood v. American Coalition of Life Activists". Cyber.law.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
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- ^ "Planned Parenthood of Indiana v. Carter, 854 N.E.2d 853 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006)".
- ^ Prather (2005-10-13). "Judge Faults St. Paul Clinic in Abortion Lawsuit". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. A1.
{{cite news}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
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- ^ Guttmacher Institute.
- ^ August 2011 Facts on Induced Abortion in the United States Accessed November 3, 2012
- ^ Planned Parenthood Federation of America Annual Report 2008-2009: The Promise of Change.
- ^ a b Arina Grossu -"Margaret Sanger, Racist Eugenicist Extraordinaire: The founder of Planned Parenthood would have considered many Americans unworthy of life", Washington Times, May 5, 2014.[1] Retrieved 2015-07-27
- ^ Planned Parenthood "Planned Parenthood by the Numbers" fact sheet, Sept 2011
- ^
- Finn, Robin, "Anti-Abortion Advocates? Bring 'Em On, Texan Says", New York Times, March 10, 2006. Quote: "PLANNED PARENTHOOD serves five million Americans and concentrates 90 percent of its efforts on preventing unwanted pregnancies, Ms. Richards, says, not terminating them. 'No one does more to reduce the need for abortions in this country than Planned Parenthood. ' "[2]
- Also, Emily Stewart, director of public policy for Planned Parenthood said: "Without a doubt, when women have access to birth control, it reduces unintended pregnancies" [3]
- ^ Crepeau, Megan (April 4, 2011). "The great Republican bait-and-switch". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ Rovner, Julie (7 September 2011). "Conservatives Step Up Attacks On Public Funding For Birth Control". NPR. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
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- ^ "The Sanger–Hitler Equation", Margaret Sanger Papers Project Newsletter, #32, Winter 2002/3. New York University Department of History
- ^ Esther Katz; et al., eds. (2003). The selected papers of Margaret Sanger , Volume 1. University of Illinois Press. p. 274.
{{cite book}}
: Explicit use of et al. in:|editor=
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- ^ McCann, Carole R. (1999). Birth Control, Politics in the United States, 1916–1945. Cornell University Press. p. 10. ISBN 9780801486128.
- ^ McCann, Carole R. (2010). "Women as Leaders in the Contraceptive Movement". In Karen O'Connor (ed.). Gender and Women's Leadership: A Reference Handbook. Vol. 1. SAGE. p. 751. ISBN 9781412960830.
- ^ Peter Engelman - A History of Birth Control in America, Prager, New York, 2010.
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- ^ Factsheet, Planned Parenthood, October 2004
- ^ "Pro-Life Group Launches Undercover Sting". Fox News. 2002-05-31. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ^ a b Mieszkowski, Katharine (November 4, 2006). "Abortion foes' dirty tactics: Advocates of a California "parental notification" bill accuse Planned Parenthood of protecting sexual predators instead of teen girls. But who is really breaking the law?". Salon.com. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) - ^ Mieszkowski, Katharine (September 26, 2002). "Jailbait: How antiabortion zealots posing as underage girls tried to entrap Planned Parenthood workers". Salon.com. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) - ^ Crary, David (February 2, 2011). "Clinic manager fired after anti-abortion sting". Associated Press. Retrieved February 5, 2011.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) - ^ a b Pulliam Bailey, Sarah (July 28, 2015). "How the Planned Parenthood videos set off a renewed wave of activism on abortion". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
- ^ Grim, Ryan (2011-02-25). "Behind the Assault on Planned Parenthood". Huffington Post; AOL News. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
- ^ "Holder: No Prosecution in Connection With Planned Parenthood Video Sting". Fox News. 2011-03-01. Retrieved 2011-04-01.
- ^ Eckholm, Erik (2011-02-07). "PP to retrain Staff". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-03-15.
- ^ Samantha Allen (21 Jul 2015). "Hoaxers Fail to Nail Planned Parenthood in New Video". The Daily Beast.
Operation Rescue provides "advice, consulting, funds" to the CMP
- ^ "Who Is the 26-Year-Old Man Behind the Planned Parenthood 'Sting' Videos?". Yahoo Health. 22 July 2015.
- ^ "With Planned Parenthood Videos, Activist Ignites Abortion Issue". New York Times. 23 Jul 2015.
- ^ a b "Planned Parenthood president says group doesn't profit from fetal organ research". July 26, 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Somashekhar, Sandhya; Ohlheiser, Abby (July 21, 2015). "Antiabortion group releases second Planned Parenthood video". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
- ^ Caplan, Arthur L. (July 23, 2015). "Commentary: Planned Parenthood's awkward clash". Retrieved July 29, 2015.
In the videos, there are hints that abortion procedures might be altered to obtain particular tissue and there is some unseemly haggling over the processing fees.
- ^ Bassett, Laura (July 20, 2015). "Planned Parenthood: More Sting Videos Are Coming". Huffington Post.
- ^ Merica, Dan (July 23, 2015). "Hillary Clinton: Planned Parenthood video part of 'concerted attack'". CNN. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
- ^ "Unspinning the Planned Parenthood Video". factcheck.org.
- ^ "Coincidence ... or Is It? Planned Parenthood 'Sting' Video Isn't First to Derail Legislation". Yahoo Health. 17 July 2015.
- ^ "Lawmakers Knew About Planned Parenthood Video Weeks Ago (Video)". Rollcall.com. 16 July 2015.
- ^ Brianna Ehley (22 July 2015). "Republicans offer legislation defunding Planned Parenthood". POLITICO.
- ^ a b c Allan Fram - "Videos a Political Blow to Planned Parenthood, Democrats; Congressional hearings seem likely", Minneapolis Star Tribune, (AP), July 27, 2015.[4] Retrieved 2015-07-27
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- ^ a b c Laura Bassett, "Planned Parenthood: More Sting Videos Are Coming; An anti-abortion group has "thousands of hours of videotape" of the family planning provider", Huffington Post Politics, July 20, 2015.[6] Accessed 2015-07-24
- ^ Mike DeBonis - "The Planned Parenthood controversy may have killed a veterans bill", The Washington Post, July 22, 2015.[7] Accessed 2015-07-24
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- ^ Hewitt, Christopher (2005). Political violence and terrorism in modern America: a chronology. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313334184.
- ^ "History of Violence/Extreme Violence". National Abortion Federation (no date).
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- ^ Man charged with driving into Planned Parenthood facility." (January 23, 2009). "Minneapolis Star-Tribune." Retrieved January 27, 2009.
- ^ "Threats Prompt More Security: Fresno Planned Parenthood Office is Walling Up Windows". Fresno Bee. August 3, 1995. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
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- ^ Zimmerman, Patricia R. (1996). "Fetal Tissue: Reproductive Rights and Activist Video". In Renov, Michael; Suderburg, Erika (eds.). Resolutions: contemporary video practices. p. 305. ISBN 9780816623303.
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- ^ "Planned Parenthood Bombed In Wisconsin". The Huffington Post. April 2, 2012.
- ^ "Shooting victim understood risks, but loved her job". The Item. Associated Press. January 1, 1995.
Further reading
- Manon Perry, Broadcasting Birth Control: Mass Media and Family Planning. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2013.
External links
- Planned Parenthood Federation of America
- Template:Worldcat id
- Planned Parenthood Federation of America collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Planned Parenthood Federation of America Records, 1918-1974 (PPFA I) Planned Parenthood Federation of America Records, 1928-2009 (PPFA II) Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College