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{{Infobox Settlement |
{{Infobox Settlement |
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| name = Pelplin |
| name = Pelplin |
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| image_skyline = Pelplin |
| image_skyline = Pelplin - view from John Paul II Hill.jpg |
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| image_caption = |
| image_caption = Panorama of the town |
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| image_flag = POL Pelplin flag.svg |
| image_flag = POL Pelplin flag.svg |
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| image_shield = POL Pelplin COA.svg |
| image_shield = POL Pelplin COA.svg |
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'''Pelplin''' {{IPAc-pl|'|p|e|l|p|l|J|i|n}} is a small town in [[Tczew County]], [[Pomeranian Voivodship]], [[Poland]]. Population: 9,993 (2007). The former [[Pelplin Abbey]] is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pelplin]], and the abbey church is now Pelpin Cathedral. |
'''Pelplin''' {{IPAc-pl|'|p|e|l|p|l|J|i|n}} is a small town in [[Tczew County]], [[Pomeranian Voivodship]], [[Poland]]. Population: 9,993 (2007). The former [[Pelplin Abbey]] is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pelplin]], and the abbey church is now Pelpin Cathedral. |
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== Geographical location == |
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Pelplin lies in a valley on both sides of river [[Wierzyca]], a left affluent of river [[Vistula]] in [[Pomeralia]], which ends up in the Vistula at the town of [[Gniew]]. Pelplin is located about 11 kilometers west of the Vistula, 12 kilometers south-east of the town of [[Starogard Gdański]], 19 kilometers south-west the town of [[Tczew]] and 50 Kilometers south of the regional capitol of [[Gdańsk]]. It is surrounded by a chain of little hills, its altitude varies between 8 meters above sea level at the lowlands of the Vistula in the east and 86 meters above sea level at hill Czubatka in the west. |
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[[File:Pelplin bazylika.JPG|right|thumb|[[Pelplin Abbey]], cathedral of the former monastry of the [[Cistercians]] (1274–1819)]] |
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[[File:Pelplin freski w klasztorze 042.jpg|right|thumb|Mural paintig in the cathedral]] |
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[[File:Pelplin Kościół Bożego Ciała 002.jpg|right|thumb|Corpus Christi church]] |
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== History == |
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Archaeological findings have revealed that human settlements existed in the region of the town |
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already during the [[Stone age]] and the [[Bronze Age]]. |
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Until the end of the 13th century, the region of Pomeralia, where Pelplin was founded, belonged to the [[Duchy of Pomerania]]. The eastern border of Pomerania had been formed essentially by river [[Vistula]]. |
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The monastry of Pelplin had a forerunner in the monastry of the [[Cistercians]] in Pogutken located at the upper course of the Wierzyca, which had been founded in 1258 by [[Sambor II, Duke of Pomerania]]. In 1276, the monks, which had come from the [[Doberan Abbey|Monastry of Doberan]] in [[Mecklenburg]] to Pogutken, begun to transfer their monastry to Pelplin. |
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From Pelplin the Cistercians started an extensive colonization programme involving German settlers. The founded a large number of German villages in the aerea. |
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They also begun to build an impressive cathedral in gotic style here, using mainly bricks as construction material. According to the monastry's chronicle, wortk on the building was taken up already prior to 1294 by [[Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania]], and was completed during the second half of the 14th century, amounting to a building time of almost 200 years. The cathedral of the Cistercians, now [[Pelplin Abbey]], is recognized as one of the most important examples of sacral architecture in the Vistula area. |
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As regards matters concerning the church, the region of Pelplin was at that time subordinated to the administration of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno|Diocese of Gniezno]]. |
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In 1310 the [[Teutonic Order]] bought Pomeralia from the [[Margraves of Brandenburg]] and incorporated it into the monastic [[State of the Teutonic Order]]. In 1466 independence went lost |
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and Pomeralia became as the autonomous province of [[Royal Prussia]] under the crown of [[Kingdom of Poland]]. During subsequent years several [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellonian]] kings visited Pelplin Abbey, among them [[Sigismund III Vasa|Zygmunt III]] und [[Jan III Sobieski]]. After the [[Reformation]] had won in Mecklenburg, the last abbot of the monastry of Doberan moved in 1552 to the affiliated monastry of Pelplin. |
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The Reformation had little influence on Pomeralia. Solely some [[Mennonites]] settled in the aerea from the 17th onwards, but they left the region again during the Napoleonic time and around 1870. In 1772 Pomeralia was annexed and was integrated into the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] as the new province of [[West Prussia]]. In 1821 the seat of the [[Bishopric of Culm (Chełmno)|Bishopric of Culm]] was mowed to Pelplin. |
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Up to 1920 Pelplin belonged to [[Kreis Dirschau]] in the administrative district of [[Regierungsbezirk Danzig]] in [[West Prussia]]. |
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When after [[World War I]] the regulations of the [[Treaty of Versailles]] became effective, and the [[Polish Corridor]] was installed on German territory, Pelplin was integrated into the [[Second Republic of Poland]]. In 1939 Pomeralia was annexd by Germany's [[Third Reich]] and incorpoarated into the newly formed province of [[Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia]]. During [[World War II]] Pelplin was occupied by the [[Red Army]]. After the end of war Pelplin was placed under the administration of the [[People's Republic of Poland]] and received [[city rights]]. |
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=== Number of inhabitants by year === |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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! Year |
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! Number |
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! Remarks |
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|- |
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| 1780 || align="right" | 305<ref name="HHS" >''Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Ost und Westpreußen'', Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X, p. 157.</ref> || |
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|- |
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|- |
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| 1831 || align="right" | over 400<ref name="AEP" >August Eduard Preuß: ''Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde''. Königsberg 1835, [http://books.google.de/books?id=L_sAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA388, p. 388.</ref> || |
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|- |
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| 1867 || align="right" | 1,820<ref name="VWG" /> || |
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|- |
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| 1875 || align="right" | 1,901<ref name="VWG" >Michael Rademacher: ''[http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/dan_dirschau.html Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen, Kreis Dirschau]'' (2006).</ref> || |
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|- |
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| 1880 || align="right" | 2,049<ref name="VWG" /> || |
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|- |
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| 1890 || align="right" | 2,412<ref name="VWG" /> || |
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|- |
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| 1905 || align="right" | 3,524 || incl. 288 Protestants<ref name="MKL" >''Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon'',6th edition, Vol. 15, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 554.</ref> |
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|- |
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| 1921 || align="right" | 3,860 || incl. 130 Germans<ref>''Der Große Brockhaus'', 15th edition, Vol. 14, Leipzig 1933, p. 296.</ref> |
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|- |
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| 1910 || align="right" | 3,969<ref name="HHS" /> || |
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|- |
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| 1943 || align="right" | 5,295<ref name="HHS" /> || |
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|} |
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== Gmina Pelplin == |
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The Gmina Pelplin is based on the historical administrative rural district of ''Amtsbezirk Pelplin'', which existed prior to 1920. In 1789 the district consisted of three leased farm estates, nine fee-farm type of settlements and of 18 villages and other smaller settlements, comprising all together 602 households (''Feuerstellen'').<ref name="JFG">[[Johann Friedrich Goldbeck]]: ''Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen'', Part II, Marienwerder 1789, [http://books.google.de/books?id=SQw_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA67 p. 67, no. 2).]</ref> |
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=== Names of villages today, prior to 1920 and during 1942–45 === |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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! Polish Name !! German name (until 1920 and 1939–1945) |
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|- |
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|Bielawki || Bielawken (1942–1945 ''Bühlau'') |
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|- |
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|Dębina || Eichwalde |
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|- |
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|Gaj || Gay |
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|- |
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|Gręblin || Gremblin |
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|- |
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|Hilarowo || |
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|- |
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|Janiszewko || Neu Janischau (1942–1945 ''Neujanischau'') |
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|- |
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|Janiszewo || Alt Janischau (1942–1945 ''Altjanischau'') |
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|- |
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|Janowo || |
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|- |
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|Kulice || Kulitz (1942–1945 ''Keilendorf'') |
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|- |
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|Kulice Małe || |
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|- |
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|Lignowy Szlacheckie || Adlig Liebenau (1942–1945 ''Adligliebenau'') |
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|- |
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|Małe Walichnowy || Klein Falkenau (1942–1945 ''Kleinfalkenau'') |
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|- |
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|Maniowo || |
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|- |
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|Międzyłęż || Mösland |
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|- |
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|Młynik || |
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|- |
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|Nadleśnictwo || |
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|- |
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|Nowy Dwór Pelpliński || Neuhof |
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|- |
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|Nowy Międzyłęż || Neu Mösland (1942–1945 ''Neumösland'') |
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|- |
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|Ornasowo || Ornassau |
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|- |
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|'''Pelplin''' || Pelplin |
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|- |
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|Pelplin-Wybudowanie || |
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|- |
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|Pomyje || Pommey |
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|- |
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|Pustki || |
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|- |
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|[[Rajkowy]] || Raikau |
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|- |
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|Rombark || Romberg |
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|- |
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|Ropuchy || Roppuch |
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|- |
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|Rożental || Rosenthal (1942–1945 ''Rosental'') |
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|- |
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|Rudno || Rauden |
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|- |
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|Rudnopole || |
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|- |
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|Stary Międzyłęż || Alt Mösland (1942–1945 ''Altmösland'') |
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|- |
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|Stocki Młyn || |
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|- |
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|Wielki Garc || Groß Gartz (1942–1945 ''Großgartz'') |
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|- |
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|Wola || Wolla (1942–1945 ''Freigut'') |
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|} |
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== Literature == |
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* {{de icon}} ''Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Ost und Westpreußen'', Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X, p. 169. |
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* {{de icon}} Paul Westphal: ''Ein ehemaliges Klosterterritorium in Pommerellen'', Danzig 1905. |
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* {{de icon}} R. Frydrychowicz: ''Geschichte der Cistercienserabtei Pelplin und ihre Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler'', Düsseldorf 1907. |
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* {{de icon}} F. Schultz: ''Geschichte des Kreises Dirschau'', 1907. |
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=== External links === |
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{{commonscat|Pelplin}} |
{{commonscat|Pelplin}} |
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* [http://www.pelplin.pl/ Official Website of the Community] (multi-linguistic) |
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=== Footnotes === |
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<references /> |
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{{Gmina Pelplin}} |
{{Gmina Pelplin}} |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Pomeranian Voivodeship]] |
[[Category:Cities and towns in Pomeranian Voivodeship]] |
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[[Category:Tczew County]] |
[[Category:Tczew County]] |
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{{Pomeranian-geo-stub}} |
Revision as of 12:22, 17 April 2013
Pelplin | |
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Country | Poland |
Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
County | Tczew |
Gmina | Pelplin |
Area | |
• Total | 4.45 km2 (1.72 sq mi) |
Population (2006) | |
• Total | 8,486 |
• Density | 1,900/km2 (4,900/sq mi) |
Postal code | 83-130 |
Website | http://www.pelplin.pl |
Pelplin [ˈpɛlplʲin] is a small town in Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodship, Poland. Population: 9,993 (2007). The former Pelplin Abbey is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pelplin, and the abbey church is now Pelpin Cathedral.
Geographical location
Pelplin lies in a valley on both sides of river Wierzyca, a left affluent of river Vistula in Pomeralia, which ends up in the Vistula at the town of Gniew. Pelplin is located about 11 kilometers west of the Vistula, 12 kilometers south-east of the town of Starogard Gdański, 19 kilometers south-west the town of Tczew and 50 Kilometers south of the regional capitol of Gdańsk. It is surrounded by a chain of little hills, its altitude varies between 8 meters above sea level at the lowlands of the Vistula in the east and 86 meters above sea level at hill Czubatka in the west.
History
Archaeological findings have revealed that human settlements existed in the region of the town already during the Stone age and the Bronze Age.
Until the end of the 13th century, the region of Pomeralia, where Pelplin was founded, belonged to the Duchy of Pomerania. The eastern border of Pomerania had been formed essentially by river Vistula.
The monastry of Pelplin had a forerunner in the monastry of the Cistercians in Pogutken located at the upper course of the Wierzyca, which had been founded in 1258 by Sambor II, Duke of Pomerania. In 1276, the monks, which had come from the Monastry of Doberan in Mecklenburg to Pogutken, begun to transfer their monastry to Pelplin.
From Pelplin the Cistercians started an extensive colonization programme involving German settlers. The founded a large number of German villages in the aerea.
They also begun to build an impressive cathedral in gotic style here, using mainly bricks as construction material. According to the monastry's chronicle, wortk on the building was taken up already prior to 1294 by Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania, and was completed during the second half of the 14th century, amounting to a building time of almost 200 years. The cathedral of the Cistercians, now Pelplin Abbey, is recognized as one of the most important examples of sacral architecture in the Vistula area.
As regards matters concerning the church, the region of Pelplin was at that time subordinated to the administration of the Diocese of Gniezno.
In 1310 the Teutonic Order bought Pomeralia from the Margraves of Brandenburg and incorporated it into the monastic State of the Teutonic Order. In 1466 independence went lost and Pomeralia became as the autonomous province of Royal Prussia under the crown of Kingdom of Poland. During subsequent years several Jagiellonian kings visited Pelplin Abbey, among them Zygmunt III und Jan III Sobieski. After the Reformation had won in Mecklenburg, the last abbot of the monastry of Doberan moved in 1552 to the affiliated monastry of Pelplin.
The Reformation had little influence on Pomeralia. Solely some Mennonites settled in the aerea from the 17th onwards, but they left the region again during the Napoleonic time and around 1870. In 1772 Pomeralia was annexed and was integrated into the Kingdom of Prussia as the new province of West Prussia. In 1821 the seat of the Bishopric of Culm was mowed to Pelplin.
Up to 1920 Pelplin belonged to Kreis Dirschau in the administrative district of Regierungsbezirk Danzig in West Prussia.
When after World War I the regulations of the Treaty of Versailles became effective, and the Polish Corridor was installed on German territory, Pelplin was integrated into the Second Republic of Poland. In 1939 Pomeralia was annexd by Germany's Third Reich and incorpoarated into the newly formed province of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. During World War II Pelplin was occupied by the Red Army. After the end of war Pelplin was placed under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland and received city rights.
Number of inhabitants by year
Year | Number | Remarks |
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1780 | 305[1] | |
1831 | over 400[2] | |
1867 | 1,820[3] | |
1875 | 1,901[3] | |
1880 | 2,049[3] | |
1890 | 2,412[3] | |
1905 | 3,524 | incl. 288 Protestants[4] |
1921 | 3,860 | incl. 130 Germans[5] |
1910 | 3,969[1] | |
1943 | 5,295[1] |
Gmina Pelplin
The Gmina Pelplin is based on the historical administrative rural district of Amtsbezirk Pelplin, which existed prior to 1920. In 1789 the district consisted of three leased farm estates, nine fee-farm type of settlements and of 18 villages and other smaller settlements, comprising all together 602 households (Feuerstellen).[6]
Names of villages today, prior to 1920 and during 1942–45
Polish Name | German name (until 1920 and 1939–1945) |
---|---|
Bielawki | Bielawken (1942–1945 Bühlau) |
Dębina | Eichwalde |
Gaj | Gay |
Gręblin | Gremblin |
Hilarowo | |
Janiszewko | Neu Janischau (1942–1945 Neujanischau) |
Janiszewo | Alt Janischau (1942–1945 Altjanischau) |
Janowo | |
Kulice | Kulitz (1942–1945 Keilendorf) |
Kulice Małe | |
Lignowy Szlacheckie | Adlig Liebenau (1942–1945 Adligliebenau) |
Małe Walichnowy | Klein Falkenau (1942–1945 Kleinfalkenau) |
Maniowo | |
Międzyłęż | Mösland |
Młynik | |
Nadleśnictwo | |
Nowy Dwór Pelpliński | Neuhof |
Nowy Międzyłęż | Neu Mösland (1942–1945 Neumösland) |
Ornasowo | Ornassau |
Pelplin | Pelplin |
Pelplin-Wybudowanie | |
Pomyje | Pommey |
Pustki | |
Rajkowy | Raikau |
Rombark | Romberg |
Ropuchy | Roppuch |
Rożental | Rosenthal (1942–1945 Rosental) |
Rudno | Rauden |
Rudnopole | |
Stary Międzyłęż | Alt Mösland (1942–1945 Altmösland) |
Stocki Młyn | |
Wielki Garc | Groß Gartz (1942–1945 Großgartz) |
Wola | Wolla (1942–1945 Freigut) |
Literature
- Template:De icon Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Ost und Westpreußen, Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X, p. 169.
- Template:De icon Paul Westphal: Ein ehemaliges Klosterterritorium in Pommerellen, Danzig 1905.
- Template:De icon R. Frydrychowicz: Geschichte der Cistercienserabtei Pelplin und ihre Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler, Düsseldorf 1907.
- Template:De icon F. Schultz: Geschichte des Kreises Dirschau, 1907.
External links
- Official Website of the Community (multi-linguistic)
Footnotes
- ^ a b c Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Ost und Westpreußen, Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X, p. 157.
- ^ August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde. Königsberg 1835, [http://books.google.de/books?id=L_sAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA388, p. 388.
- ^ a b c d Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen, Kreis Dirschau (2006).
- ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon,6th edition, Vol. 15, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 554.
- ^ Der Große Brockhaus, 15th edition, Vol. 14, Leipzig 1933, p. 296.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen, Part II, Marienwerder 1789, p. 67, no. 2).