212.55.160.203 (talk) |
72.194.108.13 (talk) Timor-Leste people |
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[[File:Santuario_nacional.jpg|thumb|150px|A variant of the Immaculate Conception statue is venerated as national patron saint in [[Aparecida, Brazil]]. The Aparecida shrine is one of the most attended Marian shrines in the world. ]] |
[[File:Santuario_nacional.jpg|thumb|150px|A variant of the Immaculate Conception statue is venerated as national patron saint in [[Aparecida, Brazil]]. The Aparecida shrine is one of the most attended Marian shrines in the world. ]] |
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Several locations around the world invoke the '''Patronages of the [[Immaculate Conception]]'''. Countries such as [[Brazil]], [[Nicaragua]], the [[Philippines]], [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], and the [[United States of America]] list the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]] as their ''principal patroness'' and [[Ireland]] consider her a ''special patroness''. |
Several locations around the world invoke the '''Patronages of the [[Immaculate Conception]]'''. Countries such as [[Brazil]], [[East Timor]], [[Nicaragua]], the [[Philippines]], [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], and the [[United States of America]] list the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]] as their ''principal patroness'' and [[Ireland]] consider her a ''special patroness''. |
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Numerous parades, processions and cultural festivities are associated with this patronage ranging from [[public holidays]] to [[holy day of obligation]]. Several [[Popes]] have often conferred this title of patronage, though sometimes initiated by the bishops governing their respective dioceses. |
Numerous parades, processions and cultural festivities are associated with this patronage ranging from [[public holidays]] to [[holy day of obligation]]. Several [[Popes]] have often conferred this title of patronage, though sometimes initiated by the bishops governing their respective dioceses. |
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On December 8, 1904, [[Saint]] [[Pope Pius X]] declared the shrine housing a clay statue of [[Our Lady of Aparecida]] a [[minor Basilica]]. |
On December 8, 1904, [[Saint]] [[Pope Pius X]] declared the shrine housing a clay statue of [[Our Lady of Aparecida]] a [[minor Basilica]]. |
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In 1929, [[Pope Pius XI]] declared the same icon the Queen and Patroness of Brazil while on the same day, Archbishop of [[Sao Paolo]], Dom Lino Deodato Rodrigues crowned the statue as the official patroness of Brazil<ref>http://www.aboutsaopaulo.com/city/aparecida/our-lady.html</ref>. On July 16, 1930, Cardinal Sebastião da Silveira Cintra publicly reiterated this patronage. The [[Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida]] was constructed in her honor and remains one of the most attended Marian shrines in the world<ref>[http://www.traditioninaction.org/SOD/j227sd_OLAparecida_10-12.html Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira: "Saint of the Day, 12 October"]</ref><ref>[http://www.mariedenazareth.com/3011.0.html?&L=1 Our Lady of Aparecida]</ref>. |
In 1929, [[Pope Pius XI]] declared the same icon the Queen and Patroness of Brazil while on the same day, Archbishop of [[Sao Paolo]], Dom Lino Deodato Rodrigues crowned the statue as the official patroness of Brazil<ref>http://www.aboutsaopaulo.com/city/aparecida/our-lady.html</ref>. On July 16, 1930, Cardinal Sebastião da Silveira Cintra publicly reiterated this patronage. The [[Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida]] was constructed in her honor and remains one of the most attended Marian shrines in the world<ref>[http://www.traditioninaction.org/SOD/j227sd_OLAparecida_10-12.html Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira: "Saint of the Day, 12 October"]</ref><ref>[http://www.mariedenazareth.com/3011.0.html?&L=1 Our Lady of Aparecida]</ref>. |
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==East Timor== |
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The Immaculate Conception is the official [[patroness]] of Republic of [[East Timor]], a former [[colony]] of [[Portugal]]<ref>http://www.timorlesteembassy.org/index.php?page=public-holidays</ref><ref>http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=6269&lang=en</ref><ref>http://www.discoveryinntimorleste.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=21&Itemid=5</ref>. Under this [[Marian]] title, the [[Feast of the Immaculate Conception]] is a [[public holiday]]<ref>http://timor-leste.usembassy.gov/holidays.html</ref><ref>http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/common/immaculate-conception</ref>and the [[Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Dili|Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception]] in [[Dili]] was constructed in this solemn honor<ref>http://www.gcatholic.com/churches/oceania/2459.htm</ref>. |
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On October 12 1989, [[Blessed Pope John Paul II]] visited the shrine and celebrated [[Holy Mass]] in the cathedral. The [[Pope]] invoked the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]], under the title of the Immaculate Conception as the [[patroness]] of the [[Diocese of Dili]], and imparted his [[Apostolic]] blessing to the [[Timorese]] people. During this time, Timor was still a military territory of [[Indonesia]] and was not yet officially considered a [[sovereign state]]<ref>http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/1989/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_19891012_dili_en.html</ref>. |
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On December 28. 2011, the Secretary of the State of the Council of Ministers of [[East Timor]] issued a government circular noting that the December 8th [[feast of the Immaculate Conception]] is the ''Timor-Leste'' patroness, with a fixed date as a [[public holiday]] in the country<ref>http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=4442&lang=en</ref>. A prominent statue of the Immaculate Conception is erected on [[Tatamailau]] mountain (''Portuguese: Ramelau''), held sacred by the [[animistic]] locals, and is widely venerated by [[Timorese]] [[Catholics]] <ref>http://www.flickr.com/photos/75306952@N00/508996223</ref>. |
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==Ireland== |
==Ireland== |
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==Portugal== |
==Portugal== |
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In 1646, King [[John IV of Portugal]] proclaimed Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception the nation's [[patron saint]], so that 8 December is a special feast in Portugal.<ref>[http://aglobalworld.com/holidays-around-the-world/immaculate-conception-day-portugal/ Immaculate Conception Day Celebrated in Portugal]</ref> The official title in Portugal is Our Lady of Concepcion of Villa-Viciosa (''Portuguese: Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa''). The statue's design is unlike most Immaculate Conception images, as the Virgin Mary carries a child rather than portrayed being raised into Heaven<ref>http://www.revistaecclesia.com/content/view/17326/1/</ref><ref>http://www.salvadmereina.org/bd/06_N.php?cod=78</ref>. |
In 1646, King [[John IV of Portugal]] proclaimed Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception the nation's [[patron saint]], so that 8 December is a special feast in Portugal.<ref>[http://aglobalworld.com/holidays-around-the-world/immaculate-conception-day-portugal/ Immaculate Conception Day Celebrated in Portugal]</ref> The official title in Portugal is Our Lady of Concepcion of Villa-Viciosa (''Portuguese: Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa''). The statue's design is unlike most Immaculate Conception images, as the Virgin Mary carries a child rather than portrayed being raised into Heaven<ref>http://www.revistaecclesia.com/content/view/17326/1/</ref><ref>http://www.salvadmereina.org/bd/06_N.php?cod=78</ref>. |
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Timor Lorosae it´s also patronaged by the Immaculate Conception. There is a statue in the Ramelau Mountain. |
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==Spain== |
==Spain== |
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[[File:Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception.jpg|thumb|150px|The [[National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception]] in [[Washington D.C.]] is dedicated to the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]] as patroness of the [[United States]]. It is the tallest building in the capital and eight tallest in the world. ]] |
[[File:Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception.jpg|thumb|150px|The [[National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception]] in [[Washington D.C.]] is dedicated to the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]] as patroness of the [[United States]]. It is the tallest building in the capital and eight tallest in the world. ]] |
Revision as of 19:34, 2 March 2012
Several locations around the world invoke the Patronages of the Immaculate Conception. Countries such as Brazil, East Timor, Nicaragua, the Philippines, Portugal, Spain, and the United States of America list the Blessed Virgin Mary as their principal patroness and Ireland consider her a special patroness.
Numerous parades, processions and cultural festivities are associated with this patronage ranging from public holidays to holy day of obligation. Several Popes have often conferred this title of patronage, though sometimes initiated by the bishops governing their respective dioceses.
Brazil
The Blessed Virgin Mary is the official patroness of Brazil under the title Our Lady of Immaculate Conception (who) Appeared[1]. On December 8, 1904, Saint Pope Pius X declared the shrine housing a clay statue of Our Lady of Aparecida a minor Basilica. In 1929, Pope Pius XI declared the same icon the Queen and Patroness of Brazil while on the same day, Archbishop of Sao Paolo, Dom Lino Deodato Rodrigues crowned the statue as the official patroness of Brazil[2]. On July 16, 1930, Cardinal Sebastião da Silveira Cintra publicly reiterated this patronage. The Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida was constructed in her honor and remains one of the most attended Marian shrines in the world[3][4].
East Timor
The Immaculate Conception is the official patroness of Republic of East Timor, a former colony of Portugal[5][6][7]. Under this Marian title, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception is a public holiday[8][9]and the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Dili was constructed in this solemn honor[10].
On October 12 1989, Blessed Pope John Paul II visited the shrine and celebrated Holy Mass in the cathedral. The Pope invoked the Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of the Immaculate Conception as the patroness of the Diocese of Dili, and imparted his Apostolic blessing to the Timorese people. During this time, Timor was still a military territory of Indonesia and was not yet officially considered a sovereign state[11].
On December 28. 2011, the Secretary of the State of the Council of Ministers of East Timor issued a government circular noting that the December 8th feast of the Immaculate Conception is the Timor-Leste patroness, with a fixed date as a public holiday in the country[12]. A prominent statue of the Immaculate Conception is erected on Tatamailau mountain (Portuguese: Ramelau), held sacred by the animistic locals, and is widely venerated by Timorese Catholics [13].
Ireland
The Immaculate Conception is considered a special patroness of Ireland, while Saint Patrick is considered its national patron. However, the Irish Catholic Confederation is no longer in existence and has never received documented approbation from any Roman Catholic prelate, the Pope or the Holy See during its political tenure.
An excerpt from December 7, 1650 was declared by the Irish Catholic Confederation, consecrating Ireland to the Immaculate Conception of Mary as follows:
"...By a unanimous vote of the Supreme Assembly it was decreed that the Virgin Mother of God, under her title of her Immaculate Conception, should be solemnly and publicly proclaimed Patroness of the Kingdom of Ireland, and that as a perpetual memorial to the happy event, the feast of the Immaculate Conception should be solemnly observed in Ireland from that day forward until the end of time...” [14] .
Nicaragua
The Immaculate Conception of El Viejo is venerated as the national patroness of Nicaragua. In 1562, Don Lorenzo de Ahumada y Cepeda, brother of Saint Teresa of Avila travelled to Chinandega, Nicaragua where he brought a statue of the Immaculate Conception now venerated by Nicaraguan Roman Catholics. Don Lorenzo initially meant to travel to Peru but ended up only making a temporary stay in El Viejo, Nicaragua due to the ravaging rainstorm which delayed his travel. He sought safety and comfort under the Franciscan friars in Chamulpa, the present day of El Viejo, Nicaragua and later donated the statue as a gesture of goodwill[15][16][17].
On February 7, 1996, Blessed Pope John Paul II elevated the shrine to the rank of Basilica on his second apostolic visit to Nicaragua. On October 7, 1996, the Episcopal Conference of Nicaragua conferred the title "The National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception of El Viejo"[18]. Finally, in May 13, 2001, the Episcopal Bishops' Conference of Nicaragua declared the Blessed Virgin Mary under this title be the National Patroness of the country[19][20]. In 2012, Nicaragua will celebrate the 450th annual patronage of the Immaculate Conception with grand parades and national festivities.
Portugal
In 1646, King John IV of Portugal proclaimed Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception the nation's patron saint, so that 8 December is a special feast in Portugal.[21] The official title in Portugal is Our Lady of Concepcion of Villa-Viciosa (Portuguese: Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa). The statue's design is unlike most Immaculate Conception images, as the Virgin Mary carries a child rather than portrayed being raised into Heaven[22][23].
Spain
The Immaculate Conception is the universal and national patroness of Spain, by virtue of a papal mandate issued by Pope Clement XIII in November 8, 1760. Under this title, her feast is also one of the nine national and public holidays, ranked as a Holy Day of Obligation and ranking greater posterity than the feast of Saint James the Greater, whom the Pope Clement XIII declared Primary Distinguished Patron (Latin: Primarius Dignoscatur Patronus) of the Spanish people.
In September 11, 1759, a group of special envoy to King Charles III of Spain made an oath to the Royal General Court of Spain begging Pope Clement XIII the "Universal Patronage of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception in all the Kingdoms of Spain and the Indies"[24].
On 8 November 1760, Pope Clement XIII issued a papal bull Quantum ornamenti, which granted the request of King Charles III of Spain invoking the Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of the Immaculate Conception, should be the "Universal Patroness" of the Kingdom of Spain along with its eastern and western Hispanic territories, specifically the Occidental Indies and the Southern Orient (Philippines)[25][26][27]. In the same papal bull, Pope Clement XIII also mentioned that the faithful who attend the octave mass of the Blessed Virgin Mary (December 8th) are "granted plenary indulgence with full remissions of sins", and while on the other hand, Saint James the Greater be invoked as the "Primary Distinguished Patron" of "all high clergy and secular people" of Spain[28][29].
In honor of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, an ancient festive custom called the Dance of the Six boys dressed in whites and blues perform, along with its own High Pontifical Mass every year in the Cathedral of Seville. Since 1864, priests in Spain are also permitted to don a blue chasuble in honor of this national holiday[30]. Many cultural customs and religious processions are associated with this grand event and is generally considered a family day in Spain.
Republic of the Philippines
Pope Gregory XIII issued a papal bull on 6 February 1578 invoking the patronage of La Purisima Concepcion for early Filipino Catholics.[31][32] By the papal bull Impositi Nobis of 12 September 1942, Pope Pius XII, at the request of the bishops of the Philippines, declared the Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of the Immaculate Conception, principal patroness of the Philippines with Saints Pudentiana and Rose of Lima as secondary patronesses, mentioning that the 1907 provincial council of Manila invoked Maria Immaculata as patroness of the whole Filipino people and that historical documents indicated Saint Pudentiana as patroness of the Philippines from the 16th century and Saint Rose of Lima from the 17th.[33]. The papal bull is signed and attested by the Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Luigi Maglione[34]. The Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception in Manila was constructed in this honor. On December 30, 1954, the Philippines celebrated the 100th year of the papal bull "Ineffabilis Deus" by releasing a postal stamp called Marian Year which features an image of the Immaculate Conception[35].
It is also considerable to note that in July 16, 1935, Pope Pius XI issued a papal bull declaring Our Lady of Guadalupe heavenly patroness of the Republic of the Philippines. The papal bull was signed and attested by Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, who would later become the future Pope Pius XII[36][37] . In September 12, 1942, Pope Pius XII revised this patronage in his Papal Bull Impositi Nobis.
United States of America
In 1792, the Bishop of Baltimore, Maryland, John Carroll consecrated the United States of America to the Immaculate Conception. On 13 May 1846, the United States bishops unanimously chose the Blessed Virgin Mary, conceived without sin, as Patroness of the country.[38][39] Pope Pius IX approved this patronage in Rome on February 7 and was published five months later on July 2, 1847. Both papal documents are signed and attested by Cardinal Giacomo Filippo Fransoni[40].
On July 8, 1914, Pope Pius X sent an Apostolic letter to Archbishop of Baltimore, Cardinal James Gibbons approving the patronage of the Immaculate Conception for the new construction site of the National Shrine. On April 10, 1919, Pope Benedict XV reiterated this patronage and declared that a Vatican mosaic of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception be sent to the shrine for veneration[41]. In 1923, Pope Pius XI chose a version of Bartolome Esteban Murillo's La Purisima Inmaculada Concepcion mosaic to be officially installed at the shrine[42]. The National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception was constructed in this honor and is the largest Roman Catholic church in the United States of America.
See also
- National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception
- Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception
- Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
- Congregation of the Immaculate Conception
- Feast of the Immaculate Conception
- Immaculate Mary
- Immaculata prayer
- Marian doctrines of the Catholic Church
- Original sin
- Perpetual virginity of Mary
- Roman Catholic Marian art
- Virgin birth of Jesus
Bibliography
- Le Franc, Martin. The Conception of Mary -- A Rhyming Translation of Book V of Le Champion des Dames by Martin Le Franc (1410-1461). Ed. and trans. Steven Millen Taylor. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2010.
References
- ^ Feast of the Immaculate Conception
- ^ http://www.aboutsaopaulo.com/city/aparecida/our-lady.html
- ^ Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira: "Saint of the Day, 12 October"
- ^ Our Lady of Aparecida
- ^ http://www.timorlesteembassy.org/index.php?page=public-holidays
- ^ http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=6269&lang=en
- ^ http://www.discoveryinntimorleste.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=21&Itemid=5
- ^ http://timor-leste.usembassy.gov/holidays.html
- ^ http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/common/immaculate-conception
- ^ http://www.gcatholic.com/churches/oceania/2459.htm
- ^ http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/1989/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_19891012_dili_en.html
- ^ http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=4442&lang=en
- ^ http://www.flickr.com/photos/75306952@N00/508996223
- ^ Saint Conleth's Catholic Heritage Association
- ^ http://www.camineo.info/news/135/ARTICLE/18150/2011-12-10.html
- ^ http://webcatolicodejavier.org/VirgenConcepcionElViejo.html
- ^ http://www.corazones.org/maria/america/nica_inmaculada_viejo.htm
- ^ http://nicaraguaaldia.com/2011/11/29/inicia-el-novenario-a-la-patrona-de-nicaragua
- ^ http://www.laprensa.com.ni/2011/11/24/vida/81722
- ^ http://www.aciprensa.com/Maria/amlat/nicaconcepcion.htm
- ^ Immaculate Conception Day Celebrated in Portugal
- ^ http://www.revistaecclesia.com/content/view/17326/1/
- ^ http://www.salvadmereina.org/bd/06_N.php?cod=78
- ^ http://www.abc.es/20101208/latercera/inmaculada-concepcion-maria-verdad-20101208.html - Cardinal Antonio Maria Rouco Varela, Archbishop of Madrid, Spain.
- ^ Ubaldus Giraldi, Expositio Juris Pontificii (Rome 1799), vol. I, p. 450
- ^ Marcus Antonius Gravoids, De ortu, et progressu cultus, ac festi Immaculati Conceptus Beatae Dei Genitricis Virginis Mariae (Lucca 1764), p. 270
- ^ Pareri sulla definizione dogmatica dell'Immacolato Concepimento della Beata Virgine Maria (Civiltà Cattolica 1851), pp. 128-129
- ^ http://www.generalisimofranco.com/inmaculada/inmaculada3.htm
- ^ 8 Novembris 1760. Quantum Ornamenti. Papam Clementis XIII. Vix Carolus III sceptrum suscepit, ad reginae coelorum pedes confestim illud libentissime locavit, utque omnes Hispaniae incolae tanto firmarentur patrocinio, tantoque munirentur praesidio, Sanctissimam Virginem (Mariae) in Conceptionis Immaculatae ineffabili mysterio totius regni elegit Patronam, huic adimplendo scopo, Anno 1760 celebratis comitiis, et ad Summum Pontificem Clementem XIII evectis precibus, die 8 Novembris ipsiusmet Anni Bullam, Quantum Ornamenti impetravit in qua virginem sub glorioso conceptionis mysterio in Universo Hispaniensi regno, eiusque Orientalibus Occidentalibusque Indiis Patronam venerari decrevit quin Primarivs Sancti Iacobi Apostoli dignoscatur Patronus, praecipiensque etiam summus pontifex ecclesiasticos cunctos tam saeculares quam, regulares hoc Festum cum ritu primae classis diligenter servare ac Plenariam indulgentiam impertiens omnibus et singulis, qui conditiones litteris apostolicis praescriptas explerent.
- ^ http://www.generalisimofranco.com/inmaculada/001.htm
- ^ Ang Mahal na Birhen (English: The Beloved Virgin) - Pastoral Letter: Mary in Philippine Life Today - Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines. Dated February 2, 1975.
- ^ Barcelona, Mary Anne. Ynang Maria: A Celebration of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Philippines. Edited by Consuelo B. Estepa, Pasig City: Anvil Publishing, Inc, 2004. pp. 60-61
- ^ 12 Septembris 1942. Pius XII, Papam. Acta Apostolicae Sedis, Impositi Nobis: Insularum Philippinarum Beatissima Virgo Maria Titulo Immaculata Conceptio Primaria Universalisque Patrona et Sanctae Virgines Pudentiana ac Rosa Limana Patronae Secundarias Declarantur. — PIUS PP. XII
- ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis, pp. 336-337: text of the bull Impositi Nobis
- ^ http://darthphilatelist.blogspot.com/2009/12/feast-of-immaculate-conception.html - Philippine 1954 stamp of the Immaculate Conception.
- ^ http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS%2028%20[1936]%20-%20ocr.pdf - 16 Quintiliis (Julius) 1935. Pius XI, Papam. Acta Apostolicae Sedis. Pp. 63-64. Beatissima Virgo Maria Sub Titulo de Beata Guadalupana Insularum Philippinarum Coelestis Patrona Declarantur
- ^ Our Lady of Guadalupe: and Saint Juan Diego, the Historical Evidence. by Eduardo Chavez, Rowman and Littlefield Publishing. 2006. Introductory page: "XXX".
- ^ 18 Maii 1846. Decretum Fratrem et Episcopatur Baltimorus. Per consensum et cum ingenti vociferantur et consensu Patres Conciliis elegisse Beatissima Virgo Mariae Sine Peccato Concepta, Civitatum Foederatarum Americae, ut universalisque patronam, quin tamen addita obligatio audiendi Sancta Missam et abstinendi omne opus servile a festo Conceptionis Beata Mariae. Itaque humiliter petiit transferre placuit Summi Pontificis solemnitate, nisi Festum incidat in Dominica, in proxima Dominica, qua die sollemni et in privata missae celebrari possunt festi ita translatum, et lucernares officii recitandi potest eodem festo.
- ^ Marion A. Habig, "Land of Mary Immaculate"
- ^ http://www.ewtn.com/library/HOMELIBR/LANDMARY.HTM
- ^ http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xv/letters/documents/hf_ben-xv_let_19190410_communes-litteras_it.html
- ^ "America's church: the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception." Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. January 2000. Gregory W. Tucker. Page 22, 33-34.