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=== Anti-European Sentiment === |
=== Anti-European Sentiment === |
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==== Sacking of Porothar ==== |
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[[File:Illustration titled 'Khalsa horsemen making a dash by night to the sacred tank at Amritsar'.jpg|thumb|Illustration titled 'Khalsa horsemen making a dash by night to the sacred tank at Amritsar'.]] |
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{{citation needed span |text=Maharaja Bir Singh Naurangabad's first target was Major Ford who was planning the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] on British terms along with Major Broadfoot. Maharaja Bir Singh sent 300 Sikhs under Diwan Baisakha Singh to kill Major Ford. Major Ford was beaten up and imprisoned by Maharaja Bir Singh Naurangabad till [[Sham Singh Attariwala|Raja Sham Singh Attariwala]] arrived with his large, 7,000 strong army and the Khalsa had to retreat to Sialkot. A few days later Major Ford, while communicating with the British office in [[Peshawar]], was shot dead by one of the Sikhs. |date=April 2024}} |
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==== Revolt of Mandi ==== |
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{{citation needed span |text=The Raja of [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]] was a very powerful man whose father was blessed by [[Guru Gobind Singh]]- and when R. Foulkes, an [[Irish people|Irishman]], and his army attacked the state the Sikhs were highly unsupportive of the war which caused them many casualties. The Sikh troops put him on a log and roasted him alive for his treachery. Afterwards a [[Prussian]], Henry Steinbach was sent a letter by Raja Attar Singh Sandhawalia where he was threatened to either leave the [[Punjab]] or be drowned in urine. He clashed with Raja Attar Singh Sandhawalia near [[Rawalpindi]], 1843, personally beating Sandhawalia with a baton after capturing him. Another [[French people|French]] officer named Mouton was also a suspect although he was spared, he later fought in the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] alongside the Sikh Khalsa Army. |date=April 2024}} |
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[[File:Watercolour painting from 19th century Punjab 06.webp|thumb|Watercolour painting from 19th century Punjab of a Sikh drummer and [[Punjabi Muslim]] soldier.]] |
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=== Khalsa Revivalism === |
=== Khalsa Revivalism === |
Latest revision as of 07:51, 26 April 2024
Panchayati Revolution | |||||||||
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Chir Singh (Sher Singh), Maharajah of the Sikhs and King of the Punjab with his retinue hunting near Lahore, from 'Voyages in India', 1859 (litho). Voyages dans l'Inde' by Alexis Soltykoff. | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Lahore Durbar Supported By East India Company | Khalsa Panchayat | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Maharani Jind Kaur Maharaja Sher Singh Raja Gulab Singh Dogra Raja Dhian Singh Dogra Paolo Avitabile Jean-Baptiste Ventura Raja Hira Singh Dogra Pandit Jalla Raja Ajit Singh Sandhawalia Sir Hugh Gough George Broadfoot |
Maharaja Bir Singh Naurangabad Jathedar Akali Baba Hanuman Singh Nihang Pashaura Singh Kashmira Singh Raja Attar Singh Sandhawalia |
The Panchayati Revolution was fought between the Lahore Durbar and the Khalsa Panchayat between 1841 and 1844 in a wide variety of areas.[1] It resulted in the First Anglo-Sikh War to start and the end to Sikh dominance in the Lahore Durbar.[2]
Background
Aftermath
The Panchayati Revolution came to an end right once the First Anglo-Sikh War started and the Khalsa Panchayat joined the Lahore Durbar in fighting the British- except that the Lahore Durbar under Rani Jindan wished for the Khalsa Panth to be eradicated and cooperated with the British to make sure that it would happen.[38]
See also
References
Citations
- ^ "Baba Bir Singh - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia". www.sikhiwiki.org. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
- ^ Sheikh, Majid (2016-04-10). "'Teja' the traitor who became Raja of Sialkot". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
- ^ Griffin, Lepel Henry (1890). The Panjab Chiefs: Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Lahore and Rawalpindi Divisions of the Panjab.
- ^ a b Singh, Khushwant (2014-07-15). The Fall of the Kingdom of Punjab. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-93-5118-796-7.
- ^ Nalwa, Vanit (2009). Hari Singh Nalwa, "champion of the Khalsaji" (1791-1837). Manohar. ISBN 978-81-7304-785-5.
- ^ a b c Gupta Hari Ram. The Department Of History Panjab University. 1956.
- ^ a b Sikh Digital Library. Soldierly Traditions Of The Sikhs - Dr. Hari Ram Gupta. Sikh Digital Library. Sikh Digital Library.
- ^ Hasrat, Bikrama Jit (1968). Anglo-Sikh Relations, 1799-1849: A Reappraisal of the Rise and Fall of the Sikhs. local stockists: V. V. Research Institute Book Agency.
- ^ Grewal, J. S. (2004). The Khalsa: Sikh and Non-Sikh Perspectives. Manohar. ISBN 978-81-7304-580-6.
- ^ Banerjee, Anil Chandra (1985). The Khalsa Raj. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-0-8364-1355-7.
- ^ The Sikh Review. Sikh Cultural Centre. 2010.
- ^ a b Prasad, Bisheshwar (1968). Ideas in History: Proceedings. Asia Publishing House. ISBN 978-0-210-98190-0.
- ^ Suri (Lala), Sohan Lal (1961). Umdat-ut-tawarikh ... S. Chand.
- ^ "Dhian Singh", Wikipedia, 2023-10-11, retrieved 2023-11-15
- ^ Domin, Dolores (1977). India in 1857-59: A Study in the Role of the Sikhs in the People's Uprising. Akademie-Verlag.
- ^ a b c Khushwant Singh (1966). A HIstory Of The Sikhs, Vol. 2: 1839-1964. Public Resource. Princeton University Press.
- ^ a b Broadfoot, George; Broadfoot, William; of, Edward Law Ellenborough, earl; Visount, Henry Hardinge Hardinge, 1st (1888). The Career of Major George Broadfoot, C.B. ... in Afghanistan and the Punjab, Compiled from His Papers and Those of Lords Ellenborough and Hardinge, by Major W. Broadfoot. J. Murray.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Low, D. A. (1991-06-18). Political Inheritance of Pakistan. Springer. ISBN 978-1-349-11556-3.
- ^ Grewal, Dr Dalvinder Singh. Eminent Grewals. Archers & Elevators Publishing House. ISBN 978-93-94958-60-9.
- ^ Bansal, Bobby Singh (2015-12-01). Remnants of the Sikh Empire: Historical Sikh Monuments in India & Pakistan. Hay House, Inc. ISBN 978-93-84544-93-5.
- ^ Rai, Rajesh; Reeves, Peter (2008-07-25). The South Asian Diaspora: Transnational networks and changing identities. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-10594-6.
- ^ Dilagīra, Harajindara Siṅgha (1997). The Sikh Reference Book. Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark. ISBN 978-0-9695964-2-4.
- ^ "NAURANGABAD - The Sikh Encyclopedia". 2000-12-19. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
- ^ "Contrition prayer offered at Akal Takht for Baba Bir Singh's murder 176 years ago". The Times of India. 2020-10-11. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
- ^ "The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum".
- ^ Kaur-Nagpal, Unknown artist Presumably photographed by Upneet, English: Mural depicting the spiritual lineage and associates of Baba Bir Singh Naurangabad's Dera (sanctuary), circa mid-19th century., retrieved 2023-11-16
- ^ Gupta, Hari Ram (1978). History of the Sikhs: The Sikh Lion of Lahore, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, 1799-1839. Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 978-81-215-0515-4.
- ^ "PASHAURA SINGH, KANVAR - The Sikh Encyclopedia". 2000-12-19. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
- ^ "Pashaura Singh, Kanwar - Gateway To Sikhism". www.allaboutsikhs.com. 2007-03-22. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
- ^ Dalrymple, William; Anand, Anita (2016). Kohinoor: The Story of the WorldÕs Most Infamous Diamond. Juggernaut Books. ISBN 978-93-86228-08-6.
- ^ Anand, Anita (2015-01-15). Sophia: Princess, Suffragette, Revolutionary. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4088-3546-3.
- ^ Grewal, J. S. (8 October 1998). The Sikhs of the Punjabb. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521637640.
- ^ Talbot, Ian (2013-12-16). Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the Partition of India. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-79029-4.
- ^ Gandhi, Rajmohan (2000-10-14). Revenge and Reconciliation: Understanding South Asian History. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-81-8475-318-9.
- ^ Suri (lala), Sohan Lal (1961). pts.1-5.Chronicle of the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, 1831-1839 A.D. S. Chand.
- ^ Gill, Tarlochan Singh (1996). History of the Sikhs. Canada Centre Publications.
- ^ Singh, Dr Nazer (2021-09-15). GoldenTemple and the Punjab Historiography. K.K. Publications.
- ^ "How Maharaja Ranjit Singh's wife escaped British prison, led two wars". Hindustan Times. 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
Works cited
- Allen, Charles (2001). Soldier Sahibs. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-349-11456-9.
- Cunningham, Joseph (1853). Cunningham's history of the Sikhs. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- Farwell, Byron (1973). Queen Victoria's little wars. Wordsworth Editions. ISBN 978-1-84022-216-6.
- Featherstone, Donald (2007). At Them with the Bayonet: The First Anglo-Sikh War 1845-1846. Leonnaur Books.
- Grewal, J. S. (1998). The Sikhs of Punjab. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-26884-4.
- Hernon, Ian (2003). Britain's forgotten wars. Sutton Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7509-3162-5.
- Jawandha, Nahar (2010). Glimpses of Sikhism. New Delhi: Sanbun Publishers. ISBN 978-93-80213-25-5.
- Sidhu, Amarpal (2010). The First Anglo-Sikh War. Stroud, Gloucs: Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-84868-983-1.
- Smith, David (2019). The First Anglo-Sikh War 1845–46: The betrayal of the Khalsa. Osprey Publishing; Osprey Campaign Series #338. ISBN 978-1-4728-3447-8.
External links
- World History Encyclopedia - First Anglo-Sikh War
- First Anglo-Sikh War Archived 9 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- Anglo-Sikh Wars