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These peoples lived within the same [[Persian Empire|empire]] most of the time until the mid-1800s, when much territory - including the region comprising the present-day [[Azerbaijan|Republic of Azerbaijan]] - was lost to the [[Russian Empire]], . ''See also: [[Greater Iran]] and [[The Great Game]]''. |
These peoples lived within the same [[Persian Empire|empire]] most of the time until the mid-1800s, when much territory - including the region comprising the present-day [[Azerbaijan|Republic of Azerbaijan]] - was lost to the [[Russian Empire]], . ''See also: [[Greater Iran]] and [[The Great Game]]''. |
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Iranian philosopher |
Iranian philosopher Dr. Mahmoud Afshar (of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]]-speaking [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] [[Afshar tribe|Afshar]] origin and father of [[Iraj Afshar]]) developed the Pan-Iranist ideology in the early 1920s as a reaction against the rising tide of [[Pan-Turkism]] and [[Pan-Arabism]], which were seen as potential threats to the territorial integrity of Iran. Unlike similar movements of the time in other countries, Pan-Iranism was ethnically and linguistically inclusive and solely concerned with territorial nationalism, rather than ethnic or racial nationalism. <ref>[https://www.gozaar.org/uploaded_files/Iranian_Identity%5B1%5D.pdf Perspectives on Iranian identity, pg.26]</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
Revision as of 06:30, 11 July 2009
Pan-Iranism is an ideology that advocates solidarity and reunification of Iranian peoples living in the Iranian continent and Iranian plateau (Falāte Īrān), including Ossetians, Kurds, Armenians, Persians (including the Tajiks and Qizilbash), Hazaras, Pashtuns, Baluchis, and Zazas. Virtually all Pan-Iranists also include the Azeris and Uzbeks, who although speak a Turkic language with considerable Persian vocabulary, are partly or fully of native Iranian descent[1][2][3][4].[5].
These peoples lived within the same empire most of the time until the mid-1800s, when much territory - including the region comprising the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan - was lost to the Russian Empire, . See also: Greater Iran and The Great Game.
Iranian philosopher Dr. Mahmoud Afshar (of Turkic-speaking Iranian Afshar origin and father of Iraj Afshar) developed the Pan-Iranist ideology in the early 1920s as a reaction against the rising tide of Pan-Turkism and Pan-Arabism, which were seen as potential threats to the territorial integrity of Iran. Unlike similar movements of the time in other countries, Pan-Iranism was ethnically and linguistically inclusive and solely concerned with territorial nationalism, rather than ethnic or racial nationalism. [6]
History
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pan-Iranism.jpg/220px-Pan-Iranism.jpg)
With the collapse of the Qajar dynasty, which had descended into corruption, and the rise of Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1925, who began introducing secular reforms limiting the power of the Shia clergy, Iranian nationalist and socialist thinkers had hoped that this new era would also witness the introduction of democratic reforms. However, such reforms did not take place. This culminated in the gradual rise of a loosely organized grass roots Pan-Iranist movement made up of nationalist writers, teachers, students, and activists allied with other pro-democracy movements.
In the 1940s, the Pan-Iranist movement gained momentum after the Allied invasion. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, two political parties were formed based on the Pan-Iranist ideology, namely Mellat Iran and the Pan-Iranist Party of Iran (Hezb-e Pan-Iranist). Though sharing this same political foundation and similar viewpoints on many issues, the two groups greatly differed in their organizational structure and practice. Both these parties are currently active inside the country and abroad. Since the Iranian Revolution, there have also been other lesser known groups, both within Iran and without, which have adhered to Pan-Iranism.
See also
- Greater Iran
- Iranian peoples
- Iranian languages
- Persian Empire
- History of Azerbaijan
- History of Iran
- History of Afghanistan
- History of Tajikistan
- History of Uzbekistan
Further reading
- Hezbe Pan Iranist by Ali Kabar Razmjoo (ISBN 964-6196-51-9)
- Engheta, Naser (2001). 50 years history with the Pan-Iranists. Los Angeles, CA: Ketab Corp. ISBN 1-883819-56-3.
References
- ^ Professor Richard Frye states:The Turkish speakers of Azerbaijan are mainly descended from the earlier Iranian speakers, several pockets of whom still exist in the region (Frye, Richard Nelson, “Peoples of Iran”, in Encyclopedia Iranica).
- ^ Swietochowski, Tadeusz. “ AZERBAIJAN , REPUBLIC OF”,., Vol. 3, Colliers Encyclopedia CD-ROM, 02-28-1996: “The original Persian population became fused with the Turks, and gradually the Persian language was supplanted by a Turkic dialect that evolved into the distinct Azerbaijani language.”
- ^ Golden, P.B. “An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples”,Otto Harrosowitz, 1992. “The Azeris of today are an overwhelmingly sedentary, detribalized people. Anthropologically, they are little distinguished from the Iranian neighbo”
- ^ Xavier Planhol, “Lands of Iran” in Encyclopedia Iranica. Excerpt: The toponyms, with more than half of the place names of Iranian origin in some areas, such as the Sahand, a huge volcanic massif south of Tabriz, or the Qara Dagh, near the border (Planhol, 1966, p. 305; Bazin, 1982, p. 28) bears witness to this continuity. The language itself provides eloquent proof. Azeri, not unlike Uzbek (see above), lost the vocal harmony typical of Turkish languages. It is a Turkish language learned and spoken by Iranian peasants.”(Encyclopedia Iranica, “Lands of Iran”)
- ^ “Thus Turkish nomads, in spite of their deep penetration throughout Iranian lands, only slightly influenced the local culture. Elements borrowed by the Iranians from their invaders were negligible.”(X.D. Planhol, LANDS OF IRAN in Encyclopedia Iranica)
- ^ Perspectives on Iranian identity, pg.26