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#REDIRECT[[Coat of arms of Lithuania]] |
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{{Merge to|Coat of arms of Lithuania|date=May 2020|discuss=Talk:Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania#Merging_the_Belarusian_Pahonia_and_Lithuanian_Vytis_together?}} |
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<!--- Wikipedia:Consensus was reached at Talk:Pahonia#RFC:Pahonia (see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pahonia#RFC:_Pahonia) that this article should be remade into a redirect page to article Coat of arms of Lithuania. The request for comment was closed on 3 August 2021 (see: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Pahonia&diff=1036948018&oldid=1035217824). Consequently, any attempts to deny Wikipedia:Consensus or any other malicious activity will result in a report to the Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Enforcement and serious sanctions (blocking) afterwards. Respect the Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines and Wikipedia:Assume good faith. ---> |
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{{Infobox coat of arms |
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| name = Pogonia, Pogoń, Pahonia, Waikymas, Vytis |
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| image = Grand Ducal Coat of Arms of Lithuania.svg|Grand Duchy of Lithuania |
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| image_width = 150 |
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| image2 = Coat of Arms of Lithuania.svg |
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| image2_width = 100 |
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| image2_caption = [[Coat of arms of Lithuania|Vytis (Pogonia)]] ([[Lithuania]], 1991–present) |
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| image3 = Coat of Arms of Belarus (1991).svg |
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| image3_width = 100 |
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| image3_caption = [[National_emblem_of_Belarus#Pahonia|Пагоня]] ([[Belarus]], 1991–1995) |
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| image4 = POL COA Pogoń Ruska.svg |
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| image4_width = 100 |
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| image4_caption = [[Pogoń Ruska coat of arms|Pogon Ruska]] |
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| image5 = Coat_of_arms_of_Belarusian_People's_Republic.svg |
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| image5_width = 100 |
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| image5_caption = Coat of arms of [[Belarusian People's Republic]] |
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| image6 = POL COA Meszczeryn.svg |
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| image6_width = 100 |
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| image6_caption = Pogon Tatar |
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| image7 = POL COA Pogonia.svg |
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| image7_width = 100 |
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| image7_caption = [[Pogonia coat of arms|Pogonia]] |
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| armiger = |
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| year_adopted = |
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| crest = |
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| torse = |
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| shield = |
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| supporters = |
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| compartment = |
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| motto = |
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| orders = |
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| other_elements = |
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| earlier_versions = |
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| use = [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] (15th century–1795),<br /> [[Lithuania]] (1918–1940, 1990–present),<br /> [[Belarus]] (1991–1995)<br />[[Belarusian Democratic Republic]] (1918–present [in exile]) |
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}} |
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[[FIle:Demonstration against Alexander Lukashenko in front of the Belarus Embassy in Moscow. (2020-08-23) 18.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pahonia]] on display as it is widely used during [[2020–21 Belarusian protests]]]] |
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The '''Pahonia'''<ref>James B. Minahan. The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO, 2009. P. [https://books.google.by/books?hl=ru&id=jfrWCQAAQBAJ&dq=pahonia+belarusian+emblem&q=pahonia#v=snippet&q=pahonia&f=false 329, 332, 970].</ref><ref>Astapienia R. The history of the Great Duchy of Lithuania: Belarus' Medieval Origins // The Journal of Belarusian Studies. 2014. p. [https://books.google.by/books?id=aOtDCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA108&dq=pahonia&hl=en 108].</ref><ref>Łatyszonek O. My ranking of European nations it the early 21st century // The Geopolitical Place of Belarus in Europe and the World. Fundacja Przestrzeni Obywat, 2006. p. [https://books.google.by/books?id=yJ-z7N1MNnsC&pg=PA167&dq=pahonia+belarus&hl=en 167]</ref> ({{lang-be|Пагоня|Pahonia}}, {{IPA-be|paˈɣonʲa|pron}}; {{lang-pl|Pogoń|lit=pursuit}}; {{lang-lt|[[Vytis]]|lit=chase}}) is the historical coat of arms of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], one variation of which is the current [[coat of arms of Lithuania]], and the traditional national coat of arms of [[Belarusians]]<ref name="EBH">Энцыклапедыя гісторыі Беларусі. У 6 т. Т. 1: А — Беліца / Беларус. Энцыкл.; Рэдкал.: М. В. Біч і інш.; Прадм. М. Ткачова; Маст. Э. Э. Жакевіч. — Менск: БелЭн, 1993. — 494 с., [8] к.: іл. ISBN 5-85700-074-2. С. 391.</ref>. From the main colors of Pahonia, which are Belarusian national colors, the historical national [[Flag of Belarus#White-red-white flag|White-red-white flag]] is originated<ref name="EBH"/>. It was also the official emblem of the [[Belarusian Democratic Republic]] in 1918 and of the [[Republic of Belarus]] from 1991 to 1995. It also is today the emblem of several towns and cities in Belarus, Lithuania and Poland. |
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On May 14, 2007 the Pahonia was declared [[cultural heritage of Belarus]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spadchina.by/postanovlenie-soveta-ministrov-respubliki-belarus-ot-14.05.2007-%E2%84%96-578-%C2%ABab-statuse-gistoryika-kulturnyix-kashto%D1%9Enasczej%C2%BB.html|title=Постановление Совета Министров Республики Беларусь от 14.05.2007 № 578 «Аб статусе гiсторыка-культурных каштоўнасцей»|website=spadchina.by}}</ref>. The variation of the historical coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is the current [[coat of arms of Lithuania]]. |
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==History== |
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===Grand Duchy of Lithuania=== |
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[[File:Pieczec wielka litewska Stanislawa Augusta 1764.png|thumb|left|State emblem on the large Lithuanian seal of the last Grand Duke of Lithuania [[Stanisław August Poniatowski|Stanislav August]]]] |
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The charging [[knight]] first emerged as a state emblem in the region in 1329 on the seal of duke Alexander Michailovich of [[Pskov]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arche.by/by/page/reviews/15682|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202144845/http://www.arche.by/by/page/reviews/15682|url-status= dead|title=About a question of aspects of the foundation of Great Duchy of Lithuania (second part)|archivedate=February 2, 2014}}</ref> He was the deputy of [[Gediminas]] of Lithuania to [[Pskov]] which was a part of [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] at that time. At the same time, duke [[Narimantas]] of [[Polotsk]] used Pahonia on his seal as well.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pawet.net/library/history/bel_history/_articles/kazbiaruk/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%A3._%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.html|title=Pawet: Казбярук У. Летапісы пра нараджэнне Пагоні|website=pawet.net|trans-title=Pawet: Kazbiaruk W. Annals of the birth of Pahoni}}</ref> These facts illustrate that it is the most probable that Pahonia was already in use as a state symbol of Lithuania at least in 1329. However, by [[Gustyn Chronicle]] duke [[Vytenis]] of Lithuania (1293–1316) "began ruling on Lithuania and designed a coat of arms and a seal for himself and for Lithuania: armed knight riding on a horse; this symbol at present time is called Pahonia" (quote by "Chronicles about Pahonia's birth"). |
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The symbol of the charging knight on horseback passed down through the generations: from [[Algirdas]] to his son, Grand Duke [[Jogaila]] (ruled 1377 – 1392), then to Grand Duke [[Vytautas]] (ruled 1392 – 1430) and to others. By the 14th century, the charging knight on horseback with a sword had begun to feature in an heraldic shield, first in Jogaila's's seal in 1386 or 1387, and also in the seal of Vytautas in 1401. As early as the 15th century, the heraldic charging knight on horseback became the [[coat of arms]] of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] and of its central part – the [[Duchy of Lithuania]]. 16th-century documents refer to it using the Polish term ''Pogoń''. At first, the charging knight might appear riding either left or right; and sometimes he held a lance. But as of the first half of the 15th century, all depictions show him riding towards the left (as seen by the viewer), with a sword in his raised hand and a shield in the left hand. |
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<gallery> |
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File:Bogislaw-I-Duke-of-Pomerania.png|Seal of [[Bogusław I, Duke of Pomerania|Bogusław I]], prince of [[lutici]], 1170 |
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File:Nicholas_I_Lord_of_Mecklenburg.png|Seal of [[Nicholas I, Lord of Mecklenburg|Nicholas I]], co-ruler of the [[obotrites]], 1189 |
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File:Seal Kazimierz opolski 1226.svg|Seal of [[Casimir I of Opole]], 1226 |
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File:Seal of Alexander Nevsky 1236 Avers2.svg|Seal of [[Alexander Nevsky]] in 1236 |
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File:Печать Дмитрия-Донского 2 Reverse.svg|Seal of [[Dmitry Donskoy]] in XIV century |
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File:Lob Печать Лугвена Ольгердовича.svg|Seal of [[Lengvenis]] in 1395 |
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File:Lob Погоня Сигизмунда Кейстутовича.svg|Seal of [[Sigismund Kęstutaitis]] in 1432 |
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File:Codex Bergshammar - GDL 1.png|Coat of arms of Lithuania redrawn from the 15th century Codex Bergshammar |
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File:Pahonia_-_Пагоня,_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_COA_(1575)_cut.png|Coat of arms in 1575 |
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File:Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg|An appearance of the coat of arms in the 16th century |
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File:Žygimont Aŭgust, Pahonia. Жыгімонт Аўгуст, Пагоня crop.png|Coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
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File:COA of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1588.png|The Pahonia as depicted on the Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1588 |
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</gallery> |
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In the 15th century, the colors of the seal became uniform. The livery colors became fixed: a white (silver) charging knight on a red field of the heraldic shield. The charging knight at this time bore a blue shield, and set against the blue field appeared a double (gold) cross. The coat of arms featured the Grand Duke's headgear on the crest. |
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At first, the charging knight showed the figure of the ruler of the country, but with time it came to be understood and interpreted as that of a riding knight chasing an intruder out of his native country. Such an understanding became especially popular in the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century. The explanation has a sound historical foundation. We know that at the [[Battle of Grunwald]] (1410), where the united Polish–Lithuanian army crushed the army of the [[Teutonic Knights]] (thus putting an end to the Knights' eastward expansion) thirty Lithuanian and Ruthenian regiments out of a total of forty fought under banners flying the sign of the Pahonia. |
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With minor stylistic changes, the Pahonia coat of arms remained the state symbol of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until 1795, when the [[Russian Empire]] annexed and extinguished the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Third Partition of Poland. |
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=== Russian Empire === |
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[[File:Герб Княжества и области белорусские и литовские 1882.svg|thumb|Coat of arms of the principalities and regions of Belarus and Lithuania on the coat of arms of the Russian Empire. 1882]] |
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<gallery> |
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File:Vilnia, Antokal, Pahonia. Вільня, Антокаль, Пагоня (K. Bachmatovič, 1837).jpg|The Pahonia on the White Columns of Vilnius (1818–1840) |
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File:Viciebsk, Pahonia. Віцебск, Пагоня (1781).jpg|Coat of arms of [[Vitebsk]] from 1781 |
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File:Coat of arms of Polotsk 1781 (2).svg|Coat of arms of [[Polotsk]] Viceroyalty from 1781 |
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File:Coat of arms of Vitebsk Governorate 1856.svg|Coat of arms of [[Vitebsk Governorate]]. 1856 |
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File:Vilnius COA 1845.png|Coat of arms of Vilna Governorate from 1845 |
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File:Coat of arms of Vilna Governorate 1878.svg|Coat of arms of [[Vilna Governorate]]. 1878 |
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</gallery> |
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Following the partition of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], most of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] was absorbed by the [[Russian Empire]] and the Pahonia was incorporated into the imperial state emblem. After the [[first partition of Poland]] and Lithuania, [[Catherine II the Great|Catherine the Great]] gave the Pahonia coat of arms to several towns in the newly acquired ethnic [[Belarusians|Belarusian]] and [[Latgallians|Latgallian]] territories, including [[Daugavpils]], [[Ludza]], [[Sebezh]], [[Polacak]], [[Nevel (town)|Nevel]], [[Haradok]], [[Viciebsk]], [[Surazh, Belarus|Surazh]], [[Velizh]]. The motive for this was that this territory once belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. |
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The Pahonia was the coat of arms of the [[Vilna Governorate]] following the incorporation of [[Vilnius]] and surrounding lands into the [[Russian Empire]]. Pahonia statues placed on white columns greeted visitors at the entrances to the city from 1818 until 1840, when the statues were replaced with two-headed eagles – the state symbol of the [[Russian Empire]]. |
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Uprisings to restore the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] like the 1830–31 [[November Uprising]] and 1863–64 [[January Uprising]] saw the Pahonia used as a symbol of rebellion against the [[Russian Empire]]. |
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During the 19th century [[Lithuanian National Revival]], [[Simonas Daukantas]] introduced the term ''wytis'' in reference to the Pahonia for the first time in a historical work on Lithuanian culture called ''Budą Senowęs Lietuwiû kalneniu ir Żemaitiû'' (1846). The etymology of this particular name is not universally accepted; it is either a direct translation of the Polish ''Pogoń'', a common noun constructed from the Lithuanian verb ''vyti'' ("to chase") or, less likely, a derivative from the [[East Slavic peoples|East Slavic]] title of the knight, ''vytiaz'''. The earliest known Lithuanian name for the symbol is a 17th-century translation of ''Pogonia'' by [[Konstantinas Sirvydas]] as ''Waikimas'' ("Vaikymas", according to contemporary Lithuanian spelling), which was used until the 19th century together with ''Pagaunia'' (in Lithuanian, "pagauti" means "to catch").<ref name="rimsa2">Lietuviškoje XVIIIa. pabaigos – XIXa. literatūroje valstybės herbas, galima sakyti, vadintas tik Vaikymu, kuris neabejotinai yra lenkiškojo Pogonia atitikmuo</ref> |
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=== Belarusian Democratic Republic === |
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The Pahonia appeared on the state seal of the [[Belarusian Democratic Republic]] for a short period between 1918 and 1919. [[West Belarus]] became part of interwar Poland, and the Pahonia was used as the symbol of several provinces of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, namely the [[Polesie Voivodeship]], the [[Wilno Voivodeship (1923–1939)|Wilno Voivodeship]], and the [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]]. It was also used by West Belarusian separatist organizations. |
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<gallery> |
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File:Герб БНР 1918.svg|The Pahonia as used in the [[Belarusian Democratic Republic]] in 1918 |
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File:Pahonia, BNR. Пагоня, БНР (1918-20).jpg|Passport of the Belarusian Democratic Republic, 1918-1919 |
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File:Diplomatic mission of BNR.jpg|Sign of a Belarusian diplomatic mission in late 1910s - early 1920s |
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File:Słucak, Pahonia. Слуцак, Пагоня (1920).jpg|Flag of the 1st Slutsk Regiment during the [[Slutsk Defence Action]], 1920 |
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</gallery> |
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=== Republic of Lithuania in the Interwar === |
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It was the national coat of arms of the independent [[Republic of Lithuania]] (1918–1940) until the country was forcibly annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. |
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<gallery> |
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File:Older version of Lithuania COA.png|[[Juozas Zikaras]]' design, used on coins of the interwar [[Republic of Lithuania]] |
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File:Coat of arms of Lithuania (1920).png|Interwar [[Republic of Lithuania]] |
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</gallery> |
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=== World War II === |
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During World War II, the [[Byelorussian Central Council]], the Nazi collaborationist régimes, also used the symbol. |
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=== Soviet Union === |
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During Soviet times the use of the emblem was illegal. It was used only by Belarusian and Lithuanian emigre communities in the USA, Canada, and elsewhere. [[File:Coat of arms of Belarus (1918, 1991-1995).svg|thumb|right|100px|Coat of arms of the Republic of Belarus in 1991–1995]] |
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===1990–present=== |
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In the late 1980s, during a new wave of Belarusian national rebirth, the [[Belarusian Popular Front]] adopted the Pahonia as its emblem, despite the fact that its public display constituted a criminal offense in the [[Soviet Union]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}} Variants were used by Lithuania's independence movement during the [[perestroika]] period. Its use was legalised by Lithuania's Soviet authorities in 1988. |
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On 11 March 1990, Lithuania declared independence from the [[Soviet Union]] and restored all of its pre-World War II state symbols, including the historic coat of arms. On September 4, 1991, a new design by [[Arvydas Každailis]] was approved based on recommendations of a special heraldic committee. The new design replaced interwar versions, harkening back to earlier variants used by the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. It re-established its original colors but placed the horse and rider in an ostensibly more "defensive" posture, [[airs above the ground]] rather than leaping forward and sword simply elevated rather than ready to strike. |
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[[File:Presidential Palace (9654548066).jpg|thumb|The Pahonia as depicted on Lithuania's [[Presidential Palace, Vilnius|Presidential Palace]].]] |
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In 1991, after the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], the Pahonia became the coat of arms of the independent [[Republic of Belarus]]. The official design of the 1991 coat of arms of Belarus was created by a team of artists led by [[Jauhien Kulik]] and [[Uladzimir Krukouski]] basing on various Medieval designs of the Pahonia as the coat of arms of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.svaboda.org/a/26949275.html|title=Крукоўскі паказаў «канструктар», паводле якога малявалася «Пагоня» ВІДЭА|website=Радыё Свабода}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://euroradio.fm/yak-stvarali-gerb-pagonya-fota|title=Як стваралі герб “Пагоня” (фота)|website=Навіны Беларусі | euroradio.fm}}</ref> |
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<gallery> |
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File:Belarus-1992-Bill-0.5-Reverse.jpg|[[Belarusian ruble#History|Payment coupon]] of the National Bank of Belarus, 1992, 50 [[kapiejka]]s ([[Belarusian ruble|kopeck]]s), reverse |
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File:Belarusian Passport (cover).jpg|Belarusian passport, 1991-1995 |
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File:Constitution of Belarus 1994 1.jpg|Constitution of Belarus, 1994 |
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File:Coat of Arms of Lithuania.svg|"[[Airs above the ground]]": the contemporary, "defensive" coat of arms of the [[Republic of Lithuania]] by [[Arvydas Každailis]] (official since 1991) |
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File:Flag of Belarus (w-r-w) with Arms (2020).svg|White-red-white flag of Belarus [[Defacement (flag)|defaced]] with the Pahonia coat of arms |
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File:Banner of the Pahonia coat of arms of Belarus.png|Heraldic banner of the Belarusian Pahonia coat of arms |
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</gallery> |
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In 1995, following a [[1995 Belarusian referendum|controversial referendum]], [[Alexander Lukashenko]] scrapped the Pahonia's status as the official coat of arms and replaced it with a [[National emblem of Belarus|modified Soviet emblem]]. Since then the Pahonia has served as one of the symbols of the anti-Lukashenko [[Opposition (politics)|opposition]] in Belarus. |
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In 2004, Lithuania's [[Seimas]] confirmed an historical flag of Lithuania depicting the Pahonia on a rectangular red background, recalling the old battle flags of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. The flag does not replace the yellow-green-red tri-color [[national flag]] [[Flag of Lithuania|of Lithuania]]. It is used on special occasions and buildings of historic significance. |
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It is currently proposed that a larger version of the coat of arms be adopted. It would feature a line from "[[Tautiška giesmė]]", the national anthem of Lithuania, "Vienybė težydi" ("May unity blossom"). The [[Seimas]] already uses a larger version of the coat of arms with this phrase as its [[motto]], along with two [[supporter]]s: the dexter one a [[griffin]] argent beaked and membered or, langued gules, and the sinister one a [[unicorn]] argent, armed and unguled or, langued gules, and the ducal hat on top of the shield. The [[List of rulers of Lithuania|President of Lithuania]] uses the shield and supporters only. |
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[[Lithuania]] joined the [[Eurozone]] by adopting the euro on 1 January 2015.<ref>[https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/homepage/highlights/lithuania-adopts-the-euro/?lang=en Lithuania adopts the Euro] {{Dead link|date=August 2020|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> The designs of [[Lithuania and the euro|Lithuanian euro coins]] share a similar national side for all denominations, featuring the [[Vytis]] and the name of the country, "Lietuva". The design was announced on 11 November 2004 following a public opinion poll conducted by the [[Bank of Lithuania]]. The horse is again leaping forward, as in more traditional versions. |
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<gallery> |
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File:N22978_2_eur_aversas.jpg|[[Lithuania and the euro|Lithuanian euro]] coin, obverse side |
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File:Flag of Lithuania (state).svg|The historical state flag of Lithuania, official since 2004 |
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</gallery> |
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==Pahonia as a regional coat of arms== |
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The Pahonia is a feature of many emblems of cities and provinces of the former [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] and [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/heraldica_litvaniae/regijony/vajvodships.html |title=Middle Age Provinces of Litva |access-date=June 27, 2009 |archive-date=October 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/heraldica_litvaniae/regijony/vajvodships.html&date=2009-10-25+23:55:45 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> |
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<gallery> |
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File:POL województwo nowogródzkie II RP COA.svg|[[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]] |
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File:POL województwo wileńskie II RP COA.svg|Vilnius/[[Wilno Voivodeship (1923–1939)|Wilno Voivodeship]] (annexed by Poland from 1926–1939) |
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File:POL województwo poleskie II RP COA.svg|[[Polesie Voivodeship]] |
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File:POL województwo białostockie II RP COA.svg|[[Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Białystok Voivodeship]] and [[Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)]] |
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File:POL Mińskie COA.svg|[[Minsk Voivodeship]] |
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File:Coat of Arms of Połacak Voivodeship.svg|[[Polock Voivodeship]] |
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File:Coat of Arms of Viciebsk Voivodeship.svg|[[Witebsk Voivodeship]] |
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File:Banner of Amścisłaŭ Voivodeship.svg|Banner of the [[Mstsislaw Voivodeship]] |
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</gallery> |
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After the annexation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the Russian Empire, the [[Vitebsk]] and [[Vilno]] governorates inherited coats of arms of their former voivodeships. |
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<gallery> |
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File:Vilna Governorate COA.gif|[[Vilna Governorate]] coat of arms |
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File:Vitebsk gub coa.png|[[Vitebsk Governorate]] coat of arms |
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</gallery> |
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Pahonia is the official emblem of the [[Vitebsk Region|Vitsebsk voblast]] and part of the official emblem of the [[Gomel Region|Homyel voblast]]. |
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<gallery> |
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File:Coat of Arms of Vitsebsk Voblasts.svg|[[Vitebsk Region|Vitsebsk voblast]] coat of arms |
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File:Coat of arms of Homyel Voblast.svg|[[Gomel Region|Homyel voblast]] coat of arms |
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</gallery> |
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Pahonia (Vytis) is the official emblem of [[Vilnius County]] and [[Panevėžys County]] in modern Lithuania. |
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<gallery> |
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File:Vilnius_County_COA.png|[[Vilnius County]] coat of arms |
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File:Panevezys_County_COA.png|[[Panevėžys County]] coat of arms |
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</gallery> |
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===Appearances on urban coats of arms=== |
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While being part of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], some towns in Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus (notably [[Vitebsk]], [[Haradok]], [[Polotsk]] and others) adopted the Pahonia as part of their [[Coat of Arms|coats of arms]]. Some of them continue usage of the coats today: |
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<gallery> |
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File:Coat of Arms of Lepiel, Belarus.svg|[[Lepiel]] |
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File:Coat of Arms of Vierchniadzvinsk, Belarus.svg|[[Verkhnyadzvinsk]] |
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File:Coat of Arms of Vilejka, Belarus, 1845.png|[[Vileyka]] (former coat of arms from 1845) |
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File:Coat of Arms of Lida, Belarus, 1845.png|[[Lida]] (former coat of arms from 1845) |
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File:Coat of Arms of Nevel (Pskov oblast).png|[[Nevel (town)|Nevel]], today part of [[Pskov Oblast]] of Russia |
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File:Velizh gerb.jpg|[[Velizh]], today part of [[Smolensk Oblast]] of Russia |
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File:POL Brańsk COA.svg|[[Brańsk]], today part of [[Podlaskie Voivodeship]] of [[Poland]] |
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File:Puławy herb.svg|[[Puławy]], in [[Poland]] |
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File:Herb Siedlce.svg|[[Siedlce]], in Poland |
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File:POL Drohiczyn COA.svg|[[Drohiczyn]], in Poland |
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File:Liudvinavas.gif|[[Liudvinavas]], in Lithuania |
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</gallery> |
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[[Rechytsa]], [[Mahiloŭ]] and several other cities have historically had the Pahonia as part of their city coat of arms: |
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<gallery> |
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File:Coat of Arms of Rečyca, Belarus.svg|[[Rechytsa]] |
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File:Coat of Arms of Mahiloŭ, Belarus.svg|[[Mahiloŭ]] |
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File:BIA Lipniszki COA.png|[[Lipnishki]] |
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File:Coat of arms of Iziaslav.png|[[Iziaslav, Ukraine|Iziaslav]] |
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</gallery> |
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==Pahonia as a political symbol== |
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Pahonia/Pogoń has been used by several political movements on the territory of the former [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] and in present-day Belarus |
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<gallery> |
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File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg|Emblem of the [[January Uprising]] |
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</gallery> |
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==Other usage== |
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Pahonia is part of the emblems of several organizations in Belarus, including the [[World Association of Belarusians]], the [[Frantsishak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society]], the [[Union of Poles of Belarus]] as well as the [[BelaPAN]] news agency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://belapan.com/|title=БелаПАН. Главная|website=belapan.com|trans-title=BelaPAN. home}}</ref> |
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==Design and variations== |
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===Belarus (Pahonia)=== |
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The heraldic [[shield]] features a red field with an armored [[knight]] on a white (silver) horse holding a silver [[sword]] in his right hand above his head. A silver shield hangs on the left shoulder of the charging [[knight]], and a golden (yellow) [[Patriarchal cross]] appears on the shield. |
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===Western Ukrainian People's Republic=== |
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[[File:Alex K Halych-Volhynia.svg|50px|left]] |
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The rider carries a shield with the golden lion. |
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{{clearleft}} |
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===Lithuania (Vytis)=== |
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[[File:COA family pl Jagiellon.svg|50px|left]] |
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The main variation is a shield with the [[Jagiellonian dynasty]] coat of arms. The rider with Jagiellonian cross was popular in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and adopted for many of its voivodeships. |
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Gules, a knight armed cap-à-pie mounted on a horse salient argent, brandishing a sword proper and maintaining a shield azure charged with a cross of Lorraine Or. |
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{{clearleft}} |
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===Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Pahonya)=== |
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[[File:COA of Gediminaičiai dynasty Lithuania.svg|50px|left]] |
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The rider carries a shield with the [[columns of Gediminas]]. |
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{{clearleft}} |
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===Ostrogski family=== |
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[[File:Alex K Ostorzhskyi-3.svg|50px|left]] |
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Sometimes the rider may carry no shield at all. |
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{{clearleft}} |
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===Other variations=== |
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<gallery> |
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File:Coat of Arms of Mscisłaŭ, Belarus, 1634.png|Minor Pogon |
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File:Herb Pogon Litewska.jpg|[[Pogoń Litewska]] |
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POL COA Pogonia.svg|Pogon Polska ([[Pogonia coat of arms|Pogonia]]) |
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File:POL COA Meszczeryn.svg|Pogon Tatar |
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File:Coat of arms of Belarusian People's Republic.svg|Coat of arms of Belarusian People's Republic |
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</gallery> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] |
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*[[Coat of arms of Lithuania]] (Vytis) |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{commonscat-inline}} |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080510122312/http://www.gerb.bel.ru/pages/strani/belorus_91_2.htm The comparison of symbols of Lithuania and the Muscovite Ruthenia] {{in lang|ru}} |
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* [http://belarusdigest.com/2010/03/06/national-symbols-in-belarus-the-past-and-present National Symbols In Belarus: The Past And Present] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226211839/http://belarusdigest.com/2010/03/06/national-symbols-in-belarus-the-past-and-present |date=December 26, 2016 }} |
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[[Category:Belarusian coats of arms]] |
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[[Category:Cultural heritage of Belarus]] |
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[[Category:National symbols of Belarus]] |
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[[Category:Heraldic charges]] |
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[[Category:Coats of arms with swords]] |
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[[Category:Coats of arms with horses]] |
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[[Category:Coats of arms with crosses]] |
Latest revision as of 21:33, 11 August 2021
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