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** [[Chile and Peru football rivalry]] |
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** [[List of football clubs in Peru|Football clubs in Peru]] |
** [[List of football clubs in Peru|Football clubs in Peru]] |
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** [[List of football stadiums in Peru|Football stadiums in Peru]] |
** [[List of football stadiums in Peru|Football stadiums in Peru]] |
Revision as of 23:43, 13 July 2009
The Republic of Peru is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.
Peruvian territory was home to the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world, and to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing.
Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions. Its geography varies from the arid plains of the Pacific coast to the peaks of the Andes mountains and the tropical forests of the Amazon Basin. It is a developing country with a medium Human Development Index score and a poverty level around 40%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, fishing, mining, and manufacturing of products such as textiles.
The Peruvian population, estimated at 28 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua or other native languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Peru:
General reference
- Pronunciation:
- Common English country name: Peru
- Official English country name: The Republic of Peru
- Common endonym(s):
- Official endonym(s):
- Adjectival(s): Peruvian
- Demonym(s):
- Etymology: Name of Peru
- International rankings of Peru
- ISO country codes: PE, PER, 604
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:PE
- Internet country code top-level domain: .pe
Geography of Peru
- Peru is: a country
- Location:
- Southern Hemisphere
- Western Hemisphere
- Time in Peru
- Extreme points of Peru
- Land boundaries: 7,461 km
-
- Coastline: South Pacific Ocean 2,414 km
- Population of Peru: 28,750,770 (June 30, 2007) - 40th most populous country
- Area of Peru: 1,285,220 km2 (496,230 sq mi) - 20th largest country
- Atlas of Peru
Environment of Peru
- Climate of Peru
- Ecology of Peru
- Geology of Peru
- Natural regions of Peru
- Protected areas of Peru
- Wildlife of Peru
Natural geographic features of Peru
- Main article: Landforms of Peru
- Fjords of Peru
- Glaciers of Peru
- Islands of Peru
- Lakes of Peru
- Mountains of Peru
- Rivers of Peru
- Valleys of Peru
- World Heritage Sites in Peru
Regions of Peru
Ecoregions of Peru
- Main article: Ecoregions in Peru
Administrative divisions of Peru
- Main article: Administrative divisions of Peru
Regions of Peru
Peru is divided into 25 regions and the province of Lima.
Provinces of Peru
Districts of Peru
Municipalities of Peru
- Capital of Peru: Lima
- Cities of Peru
Demography of Peru
- Main article: Demographics of Peru
Neighbours of Peru
Peru is bordered by:
Government and politics of Peru
- Main article: Government of Peru and Politics of Peru
- Form of government: presidential representative democratic republic
- Capital of Peru: Lima
- Census in Peru
- Communism in Peru
- Decentralization process in Peru
- Elections in Peru
- Peruvian electoral system
- Voting in Peru is cumpulsory
- Peruvian presidential elections: 1895 - 1899 - 2000 - 2001 - 2006 - 2011
- Peruvian parliamentary elections: 1978 - 1992 - 2000 - 2001 - 2006 - 2011
- Peruvian electoral system
- Liberalism in Peru
- Political parties in Peru
- 2009 Peruvian political crisis
- Political scandals of Peru
- Taxation in Peru
Branches of the government of Peru
Executive branch of the government of Peru
- Head of state: President of Peru, Alan García
- Vice Presidents of Peru (Peru has 2)
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Peru, Yehude Simon
- Cabinet: Council of Ministers of Peru
- Ministries of Peru
- Ministry of Agriculture of Peru
- Ministry of Economy and Finance of Peru
- Ministry of Defense of Peru
- Ministry of Education of Peru
- Ministry of Energy and Mines of Peru
- Ministry of Environment of Peru
- Ministry of Foreign Commerce and Tourism of Peru
- Ministry of Foreign Relations of Peru
- Ministry of Health of Peru
- Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation of Peru
- Ministry of the Interior of Peru
- Ministry of Justice of Peru
- Ministry of Labor and Promotion of Employment of Peru
- Ministry of Production of Peru
- Ministry of Transportation and Communication of Perú
- Ministry of Women and Social Development of Peru
Legislative branch of the government of Peru
Judicial branch of the government of Peru
- Constitutional Court of Peru - interprets the constitution on matters of individual rights
- Supreme Court of Peru - located in the Palace of Justice
- Superior Courts of Justice of Peru preside over the Judicial Districts of Peru
- Courts of First Instance of Peru hold jurisdiction over each province
- Courts of Peace of Peru each have jurisdiction over a single district
- Courts of First Instance of Peru hold jurisdiction over each province
- Superior Courts of Justice of Peru preside over the Judicial Districts of Peru
Foreign relations of Peru
International organization membership
The Republic of Peru is a member of:
- [[]]
Law and order in Peru
- Main article: Law of Peru
- Capital punishment in Peru
- Constitution of Peru
- Crime in Peru
- Human rights in Peru
- Law enforcement in Peru
- Nationality law of Peru
Military of Peru
- Main article: Military of Peru
- Command
- Forces
- Military history of Peru
- Military ranks of Peru
Local government in Peru
History of Peru
- Main article: History of Peru, Timeline of the history of Peru, and Current events of Peru
By period
- Ancient civilizations of Peru
- Inca Empire
- Spanish conquest of Peru
- Viceroyalty of Peru
- Peruvian War of Independence
- Guano era in Peru
- War of the Pacific
- Colombia-Peru War
- Ecuadorian-Peruvian war
- Internal conflict in Peru
By subject
- Agricultural history of Peru
- Demographic history of Peru
- Economic history of Peru
- Homosexuality in ancient Peru
- Military history of Peru
By type of event
Culture of Peru
- Main article: Culture of Peru
- Architecture of Peru
- Cuisine of Peru
- Ethnic minorities in Peru
- Festivals in Peru
- Humor in Peru
- Languages of Peru
- Media in Peru
- Metrication in Peru
- National symbols of Peru
- Coat of arms of Peru
- Flag of Peru
- National anthem of Peru
- Cockade of Peru (unofficial national symbol)
- People of Peru
- Prostitution in Peru
- Public holidays in Peru
- Records of Peru
- Scouting and Guiding in Peru
- World Heritage Sites in Peru
Art in Peru
Religion in Peru
- Buddhism in Peru
- Christianity in Peru
- Hinduism in Peru
- Islam in Peru
- Judaism in Peru
- Sikhism in Peru
Sports in Peru
- Main article: Sports in Peru
Economy of Peru
- Main article: Economy of Peru
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 54th (fifty-fourth)
- Economic history of Peru
- Energy policy of Peru
- Mining in Peru
- Oil industry in Peru
- Tourism in Peru
- Transport in Peru
- Peru Stock Exchange
Education in Peru
- Main article: Education in Peru
Infrastructure of Peru
- Communications in Peru
- Energy in Peru
- Health care in Peru
- Transportation in Peru
- Water resources management in Peru
See also
- Index of Peru-related articles
- List of Peru-related topics
- List of international rankings
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of geography
- Outline of South America
References
External links
- Government
- Template:Es icon Web portal of the Peruvian Government
- Template:Es icon Directory of Peruvian Government websites
- General reference
- BBC country profile of Peru
- "Peru". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency.
- Encyclopædia Britannica entry on Peru
- Peru web directory
- Other