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{{Short description|1=Overview of and topical guide to Peru}} |
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{{double image|right|Flag of Peru.svg|176|Escudo nacional del Perú.svg|118|The [[Flag of Peru]]|The [[Coat of arms of Peru]]}} |
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{{See also|Index of Peru-related articles}} |
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[[image:LocationPeru.svg|thumb|The location of [[Peru]]]] |
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<!--... Attention: THIS IS AN OUTLINE |
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[[image:Un-peru.png|thumb|An enlargeable map of the [[Republic of Peru]]]] |
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{{see also|Index of Peru-related articles}} |
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part of the set of 830+ outlines listed at |
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The '''[[Republic of Peru]]''' is a country in western [[South America]]. It is bordered on the north by [[Ecuador]] and [[Colombia]], on the east by [[Brazil]], on the southeast by [[Bolivia]], on the south by [[Chile]], and on the west by the [[Pacific Ocean]]. |
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[[Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines]]. |
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Wikipedia outlines are |
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Peruvian territory was home to the [[Norte Chico civilization]], one of the oldest in the world, and to the [[Inca Empire]], the largest state in [[Pre-Columbian|Pre-Columbian America]]. The [[Spanish Empire]] conquered the region in the 16th century and established a [[Viceroyalty of Peru|Viceroyalty]], which included most of its South American colonies. After [[Independence of Peru|achieving independence]] in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing. |
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a special type of list article. |
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They make up one of Wikipedia's |
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content navigation systems |
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See [[Wikipedia: Outlines]] and |
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Peru is a [[representative democratic]] [[republic]] divided into [[Administrative divisions of Peru|25 regions]]. Its geography varies from the arid plains of the Pacific coast to the peaks of the [[Andes]] mountains and the tropical forests of the [[Amazon Basin]]. It is a [[developing country]] with a medium [[Human Development Index]] score and a poverty level around 40%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, fishing, mining, and manufacturing of products such as textiles. |
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[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Outlines]] for more details. |
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Further improvements |
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to this outline are on the way |
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{{multiple image |
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| align = right |
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| image1 = Flag of Peru.svg |
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| width1 = 180 |
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| alt1 = |
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| caption1 = The [[Flag of Peru]] |
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| image2 = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg |
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| width2 = 120 |
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| alt2 = |
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| caption2 = The [[Coat of arms of Peru]] |
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| footer = |
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}} |
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[[File:Peru (orthographic projection).svg|thumb]] |
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[[Image:Un-peru.png|thumb|An enlargeable map of the [[Republic of Peru]]]] |
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The following [[Outline (list)|outline]] is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Peru: |
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The Peruvian population, estimated at 28 million, is [[multiethnic society|multiethnic]], including [[Indigenous Peoples in Peru|Amerindians]], [[European ethnic groups|European]]s, [[Black people|Africans]] and [[Asians]]. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua or other [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|native languages]]. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music. |
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'''[[Peru]]''' – country located in western [[South America]], on the [[Pacific Coast]], north of [[Chile]]. [[Pre-Columbian Peru|Peruvian territory]] was home to several [[Ancient Peru|ancient cultures]]. Ranging from the [[Norte Chico civilization]] in the 32nd century BC, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five [[cradles of civilization]], to the [[Inca Empire]], the largest state in [[Pre-Columbian|pre-Columbian America]], the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 4th millennia BCE. The [[Spanish Empire]] conquered the region in the 16th century and [[Viceroyalty of Peru|established a Viceroyalty]], which included most of its South American colonies. After [[Independence of Peru|achieving independence]] in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and [[fiscal crisis]] as well as periods of stability and economic upswing. |
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Peru: |
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{{TOC limit|limit=2}} |
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__TOC__ |
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== General reference == |
== General reference == |
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[[ |
[[Image:Peru rel1991.gif|thumb|An enlargeable relief map of [[Peru]]]] |
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* [[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]: |
* [[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]: {{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|r|uː |
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| audio = en-us-Peru.ogg |
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}} |
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* Common English country name: [[Peru]] |
* Common English country name: [[Peru]] |
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* Official English country name: The [[Republic of Peru]] |
* Official English country name: The [[Republic of Peru]] |
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* Common [[endonym]](s): [[List of countries and capitals in native languages| ]] |
* Common [[endonym]](s): [[List of countries and capitals in native languages#P|Perú, Piruw]] |
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* Official endonym(s): [[List of official endonyms of present-day nations and states| ]] |
* Official endonym(s): [[List of official endonyms of present-day nations and states#P|República del Perú, Piruw Hapan llaqta, Piruw Suyu]] |
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* [[List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names#Countries and nations|Adjectival]](s): [[Peruvian]] |
* [[List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names#Countries and nations|Adjectival]](s): [[Peruvian (disambiguation)|Peruvian]] |
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* [[List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names#Countries and nations|Demonym]](s): |
* [[List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names#Countries and nations|Demonym]](s): [[Peruvian]]s |
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* [[Etymology]]: [[Name of Peru]] |
* [[Etymology]]: [[Name of Peru]] |
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* [[International rankings of Peru]] |
* [[International rankings of Peru]] |
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== Geography of Peru == |
== Geography of Peru == |
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[[ |
[[Image:Peru Topography.png|thumb|An enlargeable topographic map of [[Peru]]]] |
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{{main|Geography of Peru}} |
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[[Geography of Peru]] |
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* Peru is: a [[Nation state|country]] |
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* Peru is: a [[Megadiverse countries|megadiverse]] [[Nation state|country]] |
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* Location: |
* Location: |
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** [[Southern Hemisphere]] |
** [[Southern Hemisphere]] |
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** [[Western Hemisphere]] |
** [[Western Hemisphere]] |
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*** |
***[[Americas]] |
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**** [[ |
**** [[Latin America]] |
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** [[ |
***** [[South America]] |
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** [[Time in Peru]] |
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*** [[Time zone]]: [[UTC-05]] |
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** [[Extreme points of Peru]] |
** [[Extreme points of Peru]] |
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*** High: [[Huascarán]] {{convert|6768|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} – highest point in the [[Tropics]] |
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** Land boundaries: 7,461 km |
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*** Low: [[South Pacific Ocean]] 0 m |
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::{{flag|Brazil}} 2,995 km |
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** Land boundaries: 7,461 km |
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::{{flag|Colombia}} 1,800 km |
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::{{ |
::{{Flag|Brazil}} 2,995 km |
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::{{ |
::{{Flag|Colombia}} 1,800 km |
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::{{ |
::{{Flag|Ecuador}} 1,420 km |
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::{{Flag|Bolivia}} 1,075 km |
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::{{Flag|Chile}} 171 km |
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:* Coastline: [[South Pacific Ocean]] 2,414 km |
:* Coastline: [[South Pacific Ocean]] 2,414 km |
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* [[Population of Peru]]: 28,750,770 (June 30, 2007) - [[List of countries by population|40th most populous country]] |
* [[Population of Peru]]: 28,750,770 (June 30, 2007) - [[List of countries by population|40th most populous country]] |
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=== Environment of Peru === |
=== Environment of Peru === |
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[[ |
[[Image:Peru sat.png|thumb|An enlargeable satellite image of [[Peru]]]] |
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{{main|Environment of Peru}} |
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* [[Climate of Peru]] |
* [[Climate of Peru]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Environmental issues in Peru]] |
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* [[Renewable energy in Peru]] |
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** [[Renewable energy in Peru]] |
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* [[Geology of Peru]] |
* [[Geology of Peru]] |
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** [[ |
** [[List of earthquakes in Peru]] |
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* [[Natural regions of Peru]] |
* [[Natural regions of Peru]] |
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* [[Protected areas of Peru]] |
* [[Protected areas of Peru]] |
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==== Natural geographic features of Peru ==== |
==== Natural geographic features of Peru ==== |
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:''Main article: [[List of landforms of Peru|Landforms of Peru]]'' |
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* [[Fjords of Peru]] |
* [[Fjords of Peru]] |
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* [[List of mountains in Peru|Mountains of Peru]] |
* [[List of mountains in Peru|Mountains of Peru]] |
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** [[List of volcanoes in Peru|Volcanoes in Peru]] |
** [[List of volcanoes in Peru|Volcanoes in Peru]] |
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* [[Peru–Chile Trench]] |
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* [[List of rivers of Peru|Rivers of Peru]] |
* [[List of rivers of Peru|Rivers of Peru]] |
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** [[List of waterfalls of Peru|Waterfalls of Peru]] |
** [[List of waterfalls of Peru|Waterfalls of Peru]] |
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* [[List of valleys of Peru|Valleys of Peru]] |
* [[List of valleys of Peru|Valleys of Peru]] |
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* [[List of World Heritage Sites in |
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in Peru|World Heritage Sites in Peru]] |
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=== Regions of Peru === |
=== Regions of Peru === |
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==== Ecoregions of Peru ==== |
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: ''Main article: [[List of ecoregions in Peru|Ecoregions in Peru]]'' |
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==== Administrative divisions of Peru ==== |
==== Administrative divisions of Peru ==== |
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: ''Main article: [[Administrative divisions of Peru]]'' |
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[[Administrative divisions of Peru]] |
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* [[Regions of Peru]] |
* [[Regions of Peru]] |
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** [[Provinces of Peru]] |
** [[Provinces of Peru]] |
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===== Regions of Peru ===== |
===== Regions of Peru ===== |
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{{main|Regions of Peru}} |
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[[Regions of Peru]] |
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Peru is divided into [[Regions of Peru|25 regions]] and the [[Lima Province|province of Lima]]. |
Peru is divided into [[Regions of Peru|25 regions]] and the [[Lima Province|province of Lima]]. |
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{{Imageframe|width=300|content= {{Peru Labelled Area Map}} |caption=Clickable map of the regions of Peru.|link=Image:Scalable Vectorized |
{{Imageframe|width=300|content= {{Peru Labelled Area Map}} |caption=Clickable map of the regions of Peru.|link=Image:Scalable Vectorized Administrative Map of Perú JMK.SVG|align=right}} |
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{| style="background:none;" |
{| style="background:none;" |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| |
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* [[Amazonas |
* [[Amazonas (Peruvian department)|Amazonas]] |
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* [[Ancash Region|Ancash]] |
* [[Ancash Region|Ancash]] |
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* [[Apurímac Region|Apurímac]] |
* [[Apurímac Region|Apurímac]] |
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===== Provinces of Peru ===== |
===== Provinces of Peru ===== |
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{{main|Provinces of Peru}} |
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[[Provinces of Peru]] |
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===== Districts of Peru ===== |
===== Districts of Peru ===== |
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{{main|Districts of Peru}} |
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[[Districts of Peru]] |
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===== Municipalities of Peru ===== |
===== Municipalities of Peru ===== |
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{{main|Municipalities of Peru}} |
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[[Municipalities of Peru]] |
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* [[Capital (political)|Capital]] of Peru: [[Lima]] |
* [[Capital (political)|Capital]] of Peru: [[Lima]] |
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* [[List of cities in Peru|Cities of Peru]] |
* [[List of cities in Peru|Cities of Peru]] |
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=== Demography of Peru === |
=== Demography of Peru === |
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: ''Main article: [[Demographics of Peru]]'' |
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[[Demographics of Peru]] |
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* [[Census in Peru]] |
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=== Neighbours of Peru === |
=== Neighbours of Peru === |
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== Government and politics of Peru == |
== Government and politics of Peru == |
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: ''Main article: [[Government of Peru]] and [[Politics of Peru]]'' |
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*[[Politics of Peru]] |
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* [[Form of government]]: [[presidential system|presidential]] [[representative democracy|representative democratic]] [[republic]] |
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** [[Form of government]]: [[Unitary state|unitary]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[Representative democracy|representative democratic]] [[republic]] |
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* [[Capital (political)|Capital]] of Peru: [[Lima]] |
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** [[Capital (political)|Capital]] of Peru: [[Lima]] |
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** [[Census in Peru]] |
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** [[Communism in Peru]] |
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** [[Decentralization process in Peru]] |
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** [[Elections in Peru]] |
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*** [[Peruvian electoral system]] |
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**** Voting in Peru is [[Compulsory voting|compulsory]] (until the age of 70) |
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*** [[Elections in Peru|Peruvian presidential elections]]: [[1895 Peruvian presidential election|1895]] - [[1899 Peruvian presidential election|1899]] - [[2000 Peruvian general election|2000]] - [[2001 Peruvian general election|2001]] - [[2006 Peruvian general election|2006]] - [[2011 Peruvian general election|''2011'']] |
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*** [[Elections in Peru|Peruvian parliamentary elections]]: [[1978 Peruvian Constituent Assembly election|1978]] - [[Democratic Constitutional Congress|1992]] - [[2000 Peruvian general election|2000]] - [[2001 Peruvian general election|2001]] - [[2006 Peruvian general election|2006]] - [[2011 Peruvian general election|''2011'']] |
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** [[Liberalism in Peru]] |
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** [[List of political parties in Peru|Political parties in Peru]] |
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** [[Taxation in Peru]] |
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=== Branches of the government of Peru === |
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* [[Decentralization process in Peru]] |
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* [[Elections in Peru]] |
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** [[Peruvian electoral system]] |
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*** Voting in Peru is [[Compulsory voting|cumpulsory]] |
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** [[Elections in Peru|Peruvian presidential elections]]: [[Peruvian presidential election, 1895|1895]] - [[Peruvian presidential election, 1899|1899]] - [[Peruvian general election, 2000|2000]] - [[Peruvian general election, 2001|2001]] - [[Peruvian general election, 2006|2006]] - [[Peruvian general election, 2011|''2011'']] |
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** [[Elections in Peru|Peruvian parliamentary elections]]: [[Peruvian Constituent Assembly election, 1978|1978]] - [[Democratic Constitutional Congress|1992]] - [[Peruvian general election, 2000|2000]] - [[Peruvian general election, 2001|2001]] - [[Peruvian general election, 2006|2006]] - [[Peruvian general election, 2011|''2011'']] |
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* [[Foreign relations of Peru]] |
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* [[Human rights in Peru]] |
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* [[List of political parties in Peru|Political parties in Peru]] |
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* [[2009 Peruvian political crisis]] |
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* [[Political scandals of Peru]] |
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* [[Taxation in Peru]] |
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* [[Government of Peru]] |
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{{main|Government of Peru}} |
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<!-- the following government branches and links do not apply to all countries. Modify as needed, and then remove this line when complete. --> |
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==== Executive branch of the government of Peru ==== |
==== Executive branch of the government of Peru ==== |
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* [[Head of state]]: [[President of Peru]], [[ |
* [[Head of state]] and [[head of government]]: [[President of Peru]], [[Dina Boluarte]] |
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** [[Vice Presidents of Peru]] |
** [[Vice Presidents of Peru]]: ''none'' |
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* [[Head of government]]: [[Prime Minister of Peru]], [[Yehude Simon]] |
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* [[Cabinet (government)|Cabinet]]: [[Council of Ministers of Peru]] |
* [[Cabinet (government)|Cabinet]]: [[Council of Ministers of Peru]] |
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* [[Ministries of Peru]] |
* [[Ministries of Peru]] |
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** [[Prime Minister of Peru]], [[Alberto Otárola]] |
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** [[Ministry of Agriculture of Peru]] |
** [[Ministry of Agriculture of Peru]] |
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** [[Ministry of Economy and Finance of Peru]] |
** [[Ministry of Economy and Finance of Peru]] |
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==== Legislative branch of the government of Peru ==== |
==== Legislative branch of the government of Peru ==== |
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* [[Congress of Peru]] ([[unicameral]]) |
* [[Congress of the Republic of Peru|Parliament of Peru: Congress of the Republic]] ([[Unicameralism|unicameral]]) |
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** [[List of Congresspeople of Peru|Members of Congress]] |
** [[List of Congresspeople of Peru|Members of Congress]] |
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==== Judicial branch of the government of Peru ==== |
==== Judicial branch of the government of Peru ==== |
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{{main|Judicial system of Peru}} |
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* [[Constitutional Court of Peru]] - interprets the constitution on matters of individual rights |
* [[Judicial system of Peru]] |
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** [[Constitutional Court of Peru]] - interprets the constitution on matters of individual rights |
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* [[Supreme Court of Peru]] - located in the [[Palace of Justice (Peru)|Palace of Justice]] |
** [[Supreme Court of Peru]] - located in the [[Palace of Justice (Peru)|Palace of Justice]] |
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** [[Superior Courts of Justice of Peru]] preside over the [[Judicial Districts of Peru]] |
*** [[Superior Courts of Justice of Peru]] preside over the [[Judicial Districts of Peru]] |
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*** [[Courts of First Instance of Peru]] hold jurisdiction over each [[Provinces of Peru|province]] |
**** [[Courts of First Instance of Peru]] hold jurisdiction over each [[Provinces of Peru|province]] |
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**** [[Courts of Peace of Peru]] each have jurisdiction over a single [[Districts of Peru|district]] |
***** [[Courts of Peace of Peru]] each have jurisdiction over a single [[Districts of Peru|district]] |
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=== Foreign relations of Peru === |
=== Foreign relations of Peru === |
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{{main|Foreign relations of Peru}} |
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* [[List of diplomatic missions in Peru|Diplomatic missions in Peru]] |
* [[Foreign relations of Peru]] |
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** [[List of diplomatic missions in Peru|Diplomatic missions in Peru]] |
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* [[Diplomatic missions of Peru]] |
** [[Diplomatic missions of Peru]] |
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* [[ |
** [[Chile–Peru relations]] |
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==== International organization membership ==== |
==== International organization membership ==== |
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The Republic of Peru is a member of:<ref name=CIA_World_Factbook>{{cite web|date=July 13, 2009|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/peru/|title=Peru|work=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[United States]] [[Central Intelligence Agency]]|access-date=July 23, 2009}}</ref> |
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The Republic of Peru is a member of: |
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{{Col-begin}} |
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* [[]] |
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{{Col-2}} |
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*[[Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean]] (OPANAL) |
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*[[Andean Community of Nations]] (CAN) |
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*[[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] (APEC) |
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*[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO) |
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*[[Group of 15]] (G15) |
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*[[Group of 24]] (G24) |
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*[[Group of 77]] (G77) |
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*[[Inter-American Development Bank]] (IADB) |
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*[[International Atomic Energy Agency]] (IAEA) |
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*[[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] (IBRD) |
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*[[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO) |
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*[[International Criminal Court]] (ICCt) |
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*[[International Criminal Police Organization]] (Interpol) |
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*[[International Development Association]] (IDA) |
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*[[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]] (IFRCS) |
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*[[International Finance Corporation]] (IFC) |
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*[[International Fund for Agricultural Development]] (IFAD) |
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*[[International Hydrographic Organization]] (IHO) |
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*[[International Labour Organization]] (ILO) |
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*[[International Maritime Organization]] (IMO) |
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*[[International Mobile Satellite Organization]] (IMSO) |
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*[[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) |
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*[[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) |
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*[[International Organization for Migration]] (IOM) |
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*[[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) |
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*[[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]] (ICRM) |
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*[[International Telecommunication Union]] (ITU) |
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*[[International Telecommunications Satellite Organization]] (ITSO) |
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*[[International Trade Union Confederation]] (ITUC) |
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*[[Inter-Parliamentary Union]] (IPU) |
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{{Col-2}} |
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*[[Latin American Economic System]] (LAES) |
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*[[Latin American Integration Association]] (LAIA) |
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*[[Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency]] (MIGA) |
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*[[Nonaligned Movement]] (NAM) |
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*[[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]] (OPCW) |
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*[[Organization of American States]] (OAS) |
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*[[Permanent Court of Arbitration]] (PCA) |
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*[[Rio Group]] (RG) |
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*[[Southern Cone Common Market]] (Mercosur) (associate) |
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*''[[Unión Latina]]'' |
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*[[Union of South American Nations]] (UNASUR) |
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*[[United Nations]] (UN) |
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*[[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] (UNCTAD) |
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*[[United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO) |
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*[[United Nations Industrial Development Organization]] (UNIDO) |
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*[[United Nations Mission in Liberia]] (UNMIL) |
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*[[United Nations Mission in the Sudan]] (UNMIS) |
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*[[United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire]] (UNOCI) |
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*[[United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (MONUC) |
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*[[United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti]] (MINUSTAH) |
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*[[Universal Postal Union]] (UPU) |
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*[[World Confederation of Labour]] (WCL) |
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*[[World Customs Organization]] (WCO) |
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*[[World Federation of Trade Unions]] (WFTU) |
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*[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |
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*[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO) |
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*[[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO) |
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*[[World Tourism Organization]] (UNWTO) |
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*[[World Trade Organization]] (WTO) |
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{{Col-end}} |
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=== Law and order in Peru === |
=== Law and order in Peru === |
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: ''Main article: [[Law of Peru]]'' |
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* [[Capital punishment in Peru]] |
* [[Capital punishment in Peru]] |
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* [[Constitution of Peru]] |
* [[Constitution of Peru]] |
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* [[Crime in Peru]] |
* [[Crime in Peru]] |
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** [[Domestic violence in Peru]] |
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* [[Human rights in Peru]] |
* [[Human rights in Peru]] |
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** [[Abortion in Peru]] |
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** [[LGBT rights in Peru]] |
** [[LGBT rights in Peru]] |
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** [[Freedom of religion in Peru]] |
** [[Freedom of religion in Peru]] |
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=== Military of Peru === |
=== Military of Peru === |
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: ''Main article: [[Military of Peru]]'' |
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*[[Military of Peru]] |
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* Command |
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** Command |
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** [[Commander-in-chief]]: [[]] |
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*** [[Ministry of Defense (Peru)|Ministry of Defense of Peru]] |
*** [[Commander-in-chief]]: |
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**** [[Ministry of Defense (Peru)|Ministry of Defense of Peru]] |
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**** [[Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru]] |
***** [[Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru]] |
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* Forces |
** Forces |
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** [[Army of Peru]] |
*** [[Army of Peru]] |
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** [[Navy of Peru]] |
*** [[Navy of Peru]] |
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** [[Air Force of Peru]] |
*** [[Air Force of Peru]] |
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** [[Special forces of Peru]] |
*** [[Special forces of Peru]] |
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* [[Military history of Peru]] |
** [[Military history of Peru]] |
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* [[Military ranks of Peru]] |
** [[Military ranks of Peru]] |
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=== Local government in Peru === |
=== Local government in Peru === |
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{{main|Local government in Peru}} |
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* [[Regional Governments of Peru]] |
* [[Regional Governments of Peru]] |
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== History of Peru == |
== History of Peru == |
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{{main|History of Peru|Timeline of the history of Peru}} |
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=== By period === |
=== By period === |
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** [[Cultural periods of Peru]] |
** [[Cultural periods of Peru]] |
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* [[Inca Empire]] |
* [[Inca Empire]] |
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* [[Spanish conquest of Peru]] |
** [[Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire|Spanish conquest of Peru]] |
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** [[Neo-Inca State]] |
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* [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] |
* [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] |
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* [[Peruvian War of Independence]] |
* [[Peruvian War of Independence]] |
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* [[War of the Pacific]] |
* [[War of the Pacific]] |
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* [[Colombia-Peru War]] |
* [[Colombia-Peru War]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Ecuadorian–Peruvian War]] |
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* [[Internal conflict in Peru]] |
* [[Internal conflict in Peru]] |
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* [[Peruvian political crisis (2017–present)|Peruvian political crisis]] |
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=== By |
=== By subject === |
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* [[Agricultural history of Peru]] |
* [[Agricultural history of Peru]] |
||
* [[Demographic history of Peru]] |
* [[Demographic history of Peru]] |
||
* [[Economic history of Peru]] |
* [[Economic history of Peru]] |
||
* [[Homosexuality in ancient Peru]] |
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* [[Military history of Peru]] |
* [[Military history of Peru]] |
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=== By type of event === |
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* [[List of massacres in Peru|Massacres in Peru]] |
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== Culture of Peru == |
== Culture of Peru == |
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: ''Main article: [[Culture of Peru]]'' |
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[[Culture of Peru]] |
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* [[Architecture of Peru]] |
* [[Architecture of Peru]] |
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** [[Inca architecture]] |
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** [[Peruvian colonial architecture]] |
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** [[Peruvian Viceroyal architecture]] |
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* [[Cuisine of Peru]] |
* [[Cuisine of Peru]] |
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* [[Ethnic minorities in Peru]] |
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* [[Festivals in Peru]] |
* [[Festivals in Peru]] |
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* [[Humor in Peru]] |
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* [[Languages of Peru]] |
* [[Languages of Peru]] |
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* [[Media in Peru]] |
* [[Media in Peru]] |
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* [[Metrication in Peru]] |
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* [[National symbols of Peru]] |
* [[National symbols of Peru]] |
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** [[Coat of arms of Peru]] |
** [[Coat of arms of Peru]] |
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* [[Public holidays in Peru]] |
* [[Public holidays in Peru]] |
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* [[List of records of Peru|Records of Peru]] |
* [[List of records of Peru|Records of Peru]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Scouting and Guiding in Peru]] |
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* [[Television in Peru]] |
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** [[Christianity in Peru]] |
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** [[Hinduism in Peru]] |
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** [[Islam in Peru]] |
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** [[Judaism in Peru]] |
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** [[Sikhism in Peru]] |
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* [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas#Peru|World Heritage Sites in Peru]] |
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas#Peru|World Heritage Sites in Peru]] |
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* [[Television in Peru]] |
* [[Television in Peru]] |
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* [[Theatre in Peru]] |
* [[Theatre in Peru]] |
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=== Religion in Peru === |
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[[Religion in Peru]] |
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* [[Christianity in Peru]] |
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** [[Roman Catholicism in Peru]] |
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*** [[List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Peru|Roman Catholic dioceses in Peru]] |
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* [[Hinduism in Peru]] |
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* [[Islam in Peru]] |
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* [[Judaism in Peru]] |
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* [[Sikhism in Peru]] |
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=== Sports in Peru === |
=== Sports in Peru === |
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: ''Main article: [[Sports in Peru]]'' |
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[[Sports in Peru]] |
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* [[Football in Peru]] |
* [[Football in Peru]] |
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** [[Chile and Peru football rivalry]] |
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** [[List of football clubs in Peru|Football clubs in Peru]] |
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** [[List of football stadiums in Peru|Football stadiums in Peru]] |
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** [[Peru national football team]] |
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* [[Peru at the Olympics]] |
* [[Peru at the Olympics]] |
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* [[Tennis in Peru]] |
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** [[Peru Davis Cup team]] |
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* [[Rugby union in Peru]] |
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* [[Surfing in Peru]] |
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== Economy of Peru == |
== Economy and infrastructure of Peru == |
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: ''Main article: [[Economy of Peru]]'' |
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[[Economy of Peru]] |
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* [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007)]]: 54th (fifty-fourth) |
* [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007)]]: 54th (fifty-fourth) |
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* [[Agriculture in Peru]] |
* [[Agriculture in Peru]] |
||
* [[Banking in Peru]] |
* [[Banking in Peru]] |
||
** [[National Bank of Peru]] |
** [[National Bank of Peru]] |
||
** [[Central Reserve Bank of Peru]] |
** [[Central Reserve Bank of Peru]] |
||
* [[Communications in Peru]] |
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* [[List of companies of Peru|Companies of Peru]] |
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*[[Currency|Currency of Peru]]: [[Peruvian nuevo sol|Nuevo Sol]] |
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**[[ISO 4217]]: [[PEN]] |
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* [[Economic history of Peru]] |
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* [[Energy policy of Peru]] |
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* [[Mining in Peru]] |
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* [[Oil industry in Peru]] |
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* [[Tourism in Peru]] |
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* [[Transport in Peru]] |
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* [[Peru Stock Exchange]] |
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== Education in Peru == |
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: ''Main article: [[Education in Peru]]'' |
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== Infrastructure of Peru == |
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* [[Communications in Peru]] |
* [[Communications in Peru]] |
||
** [[Internet in Peru]] |
** [[Internet in Peru]] |
||
** [[Media in Peru]] |
** [[Media in Peru]] |
||
*** [[List of newspapers in Peru|Newspapers in Peru]] |
*** [[List of newspapers in Peru|Newspapers in Peru]] |
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** [[List of postal codes in Peru]] |
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** [[Telephone numbers in Peru]] |
** [[Telephone numbers in Peru]] |
||
* [[List of companies of Peru|Companies of Peru]] |
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*[[Currency|Currency of Peru]]: [[Peruvian sol|Sol]] |
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**[[ISO 4217]]: PEN |
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* [[Economic history of Peru]] |
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* [[Energy in Peru]] |
* [[Energy in Peru]] |
||
** [[Electric power in Peru]] |
** [[Electric power in Peru]] |
||
** [[Energy policy of Peru]] |
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** [[Oil industry in Peru]] |
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* [[Health care in Peru]] |
* [[Health care in Peru]] |
||
* [[ |
** [[HIV/AIDS in Peru]] |
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** [[List of hospitals in Peru|Hospitals in Peru]] |
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* [[Mining in Peru]] |
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* [[Peru Stock Exchange]] |
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* [[Tourism in Peru]] |
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* [[Transport in Peru]] |
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** [[List of airports in Peru|Airports in Peru]] |
** [[List of airports in Peru|Airports in Peru]] |
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** [[Rail transport in Peru]] |
** [[Rail transport in Peru]] |
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** [[Roads in Peru]] |
** [[Roads in Peru]] |
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*** [[Highways |
*** [[Highways in Peru]] |
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* [[Water resources management in Peru]] |
* [[Water resources management in Peru]] |
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** [[Irrigation in Peru]] |
** [[Irrigation in Peru]] |
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** [[Water supply and sanitation in Peru]] |
** [[Water supply and sanitation in Peru]] |
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== Education in Peru == |
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==See also== |
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{{portal|Peru|Flag of Peru.svg}} |
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[[Education in Peru]] |
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{{portal|Latin America|Map-Latin America and Caribbean.png}} |
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{{InterWiki|Spanish language|code=es}} |
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== See also == |
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{{InterWiki|Quechua language|code=qu}} |
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{{InterWiki|Aymara language|code=ay}} |
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[[Peru]] |
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*[[Index of Peru-related articles]] |
*[[Index of Peru-related articles]] |
||
*[[Iperu, tourist information and assistance]] |
|||
*[[List of Peru-related topics]] |
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*[[List of international rankings]] |
*[[List of international rankings]] |
||
*[[List of Peru-related topics]] |
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*[[Member state of the United Nations]] |
*[[Member state of the United Nations]] |
||
*[[Outline of geography]] |
*[[Outline of geography]] |
||
*[[Outline of South America]] |
*[[Outline of South America]] |
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{{Subject bar|portal1=Peru|portal2=Latin America|portal3=Geography}} |
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{{clear}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
||
{{ |
{{Reflist|1}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
||
{{sisterlinks|Peru}} |
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{{ |
{{Wikiatlas|Peru}} |
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; Government |
; Government |
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* {{ |
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.peru.gob.pe/ Web portal] of the Peruvian Government |
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* {{ |
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.peru.gob.pe/gobierno/list_instituciones_alfabetico.asp Directory] of Peruvian Government websites |
||
; General reference |
; General reference |
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* [[BBC News|BBC]] country profile of [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1224656.stm Peru] |
* [[BBC News|BBC]] country profile of [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1224656.stm Peru] |
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* [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/peru/ Peru]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. |
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* {{CIA World Factbook link|pe|Peru}} |
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* [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] entry on [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Peru Peru] |
* [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] entry on [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Peru Peru] |
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* [http://www.perulinks.com/pages/english/ Peru web directory] |
* [http://www.perulinks.com/pages/english/ Peru web directory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015034906/http://www.perulinks.com/pages/english/ |date=2008-10-15 }} |
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; Other |
; Other |
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* {{ |
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Peru}} |
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* {{ |
* {{curlie|Regional/South_America/Peru/}} |
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{{Sister bar|auto=1|Peru|iw=es|iw1=qu|iw2=ay}} |
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{{Outline footer}} |
{{Outline footer}} |
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{{Lists by country}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Peru}} |
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[[Category:Outlines of countries|Peru]] |
[[Category:Outlines of countries|Peru]] |
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[[Category:Peru| |
[[Category:Peru|*]] |
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[[Category:Peru-related lists| ]] |
[[Category:Peru-related lists| ]] |
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[[Category:Outlines]] |
Revision as of 10:57, 18 April 2024
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Peru:
Peru – country located in western South America, on the Pacific Coast, north of Chile. Peruvian territory was home to several ancient cultures. Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization in the 32nd century BC, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in pre-Columbian America, the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 4th millennia BCE. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing.
General reference
- Pronunciation: /pəˈruː/
- Common English country name: Peru
- Official English country name: The Republic of Peru
- Common endonym(s): Perú, Piruw
- Official endonym(s): República del Perú, Piruw Hapan llaqta, Piruw Suyu
- Adjectival(s): Peruvian
- Demonym(s): Peruvians
- Etymology: Name of Peru
- International rankings of Peru
- ISO country codes: PE, PER, 604
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:PE
- Internet country code top-level domain: .pe
Geography of Peru
- Peru is: a megadiverse country
- Location:
- Southern Hemisphere
- Western Hemisphere
- Time in Peru
- Extreme points of Peru
- High: Huascarán 6,768 m (22,205 ft) – highest point in the Tropics
- Low: South Pacific Ocean 0 m
- Land boundaries: 7,461 km
-
- Coastline: South Pacific Ocean 2,414 km
- Population of Peru: 28,750,770 (June 30, 2007) - 40th most populous country
- Area of Peru: 1,285,220 km2 (496,230 sq mi) - 20th largest country
- Atlas of Peru
Environment of Peru
- Climate of Peru
- Environmental issues in Peru
- Renewable energy in Peru
- Geology of Peru
- Natural regions of Peru
- Protected areas of Peru
- Wildlife of Peru
Natural geographic features of Peru
- Fjords of Peru
- Glaciers of Peru
- Islands of Peru
- Lakes of Peru
- Mountains of Peru
- Peru–Chile Trench
- Rivers of Peru
- Valleys of Peru
- World Heritage Sites in Peru
Regions of Peru
Administrative divisions of Peru
Administrative divisions of Peru
Regions of Peru
Regions of Peru Peru is divided into 25 regions and the province of Lima.
Provinces of Peru
Districts of Peru
Municipalities of Peru
- Capital of Peru: Lima
- Cities of Peru
Demography of Peru
Neighbours of Peru
Peru is bordered by:
Government and politics of Peru
- Politics of Peru
- Form of government: unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic
- Capital of Peru: Lima
- Census in Peru
- Communism in Peru
- Decentralization process in Peru
- Elections in Peru
- Peruvian electoral system
- Voting in Peru is compulsory (until the age of 70)
- Peruvian presidential elections: 1895 - 1899 - 2000 - 2001 - 2006 - 2011
- Peruvian parliamentary elections: 1978 - 1992 - 2000 - 2001 - 2006 - 2011
- Peruvian electoral system
- Liberalism in Peru
- Political parties in Peru
- Taxation in Peru
Branches of the government of Peru
Executive branch of the government of Peru
- Head of state and head of government: President of Peru, Dina Boluarte
- Vice Presidents of Peru: none
- Cabinet: Council of Ministers of Peru
- Ministries of Peru
- Prime Minister of Peru, Alberto Otárola
- Ministry of Agriculture of Peru
- Ministry of Economy and Finance of Peru
- Ministry of Defense of Peru
- Ministry of Education of Peru
- Ministry of Energy and Mines of Peru
- Ministry of Environment of Peru
- Ministry of Foreign Commerce and Tourism of Peru
- Ministry of Foreign Relations of Peru
- Ministry of Health of Peru
- Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation of Peru
- Ministry of the Interior of Peru
- Ministry of Justice of Peru
- Ministry of Labor and Promotion of Employment of Peru
- Ministry of Production of Peru
- Ministry of Transportation and Communication of Perú
- Ministry of Women and Social Development of Peru
Legislative branch of the government of Peru
Judicial branch of the government of Peru
- Judicial system of Peru
- Constitutional Court of Peru - interprets the constitution on matters of individual rights
- Supreme Court of Peru - located in the Palace of Justice
- Superior Courts of Justice of Peru preside over the Judicial Districts of Peru
- Courts of First Instance of Peru hold jurisdiction over each province
- Courts of Peace of Peru each have jurisdiction over a single district
- Courts of First Instance of Peru hold jurisdiction over each province
- Superior Courts of Justice of Peru preside over the Judicial Districts of Peru
Foreign relations of Peru
International organization membership
The Republic of Peru is a member of:[1]
Law and order in Peru
- Capital punishment in Peru
- Constitution of Peru
- Crime in Peru
- Human rights in Peru
- Law enforcement in Peru
- Nationality law of Peru
Military of Peru
Local government in Peru
History of Peru
By period
- Ancient civilizations of Peru
- Inca Empire
- Viceroyalty of Peru
- Peruvian War of Independence
- Guano era in Peru
- War of the Pacific
- Colombia-Peru War
- Ecuadorian–Peruvian War
- Internal conflict in Peru
- Peruvian political crisis
By subject
- Agricultural history of Peru
- Demographic history of Peru
- Economic history of Peru
- Homosexuality in ancient Peru
- Military history of Peru
By type of event
Culture of Peru
- Architecture of Peru
- Cuisine of Peru
- Festivals in Peru
- Languages of Peru
- Media in Peru
- Metrication in Peru
- National symbols of Peru
- Coat of arms of Peru
- Flag of Peru
- National anthem of Peru
- Cockade of Peru (unofficial national symbol)
- People of Peru
- Prostitution in Peru
- Public holidays in Peru
- Records of Peru
- Scouting and Guiding in Peru
- Television in Peru
- World Heritage Sites in Peru
Art in Peru
Religion in Peru
Sports in Peru
Economy and infrastructure of Peru
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 54th (fifty-fourth)
- Agriculture in Peru
- Banking in Peru
- Communications in Peru
- Companies of Peru
- Currency of Peru: Sol
- ISO 4217: PEN
- Economic history of Peru
- Energy in Peru
- Health care in Peru
- Mining in Peru
- Peru Stock Exchange
- Tourism in Peru
- Transport in Peru
- Water resources management in Peru
Education in Peru
See also
- Index of Peru-related articles
- Iperu, tourist information and assistance
- List of international rankings
- List of Peru-related topics
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of geography
- Outline of South America
References
- ^ "Peru". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 13, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
External links
- Government
- (in Spanish) Web portal of the Peruvian Government
- (in Spanish) Directory of Peruvian Government websites
- General reference
- BBC country profile of Peru
- Peru. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
- Encyclopædia Britannica entry on Peru
- Peru web directory Archived 2008-10-15 at the Wayback Machine
- Other
- Peru travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Outline of Peru at Curlie