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== General reference == |
== General reference == |
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* [[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]: |
* [[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]: |
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* Common English |
* Common English country name(s): [[Iraq]] |
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* Official English |
* Official English country name(s): [[ of Iraq]] |
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* Common [[endonym]](s): [[List of countries and capitals in native languages| ]] |
* Common [[endonym]](s): [[List of countries and capitals in native languages| ]] |
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* Official endonym(s): [[List of official endonyms of present-day nations and states| ]] |
* Official endonym(s): [[List of official endonyms of present-day nations and states| ]] |
Revision as of 22:21, 22 February 2009
- For an alphabetical index of this subject, see the List of Iraq-related articles.
Iraq, known officially as the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: [Jumhūrīyatu l-‘Irāq] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)), is a country in the Middle East and Southwest Asia. It spans most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.[1] It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. It has a very narrow section of coastline at Umm Qasr on the Persian Gulf. There are two major flowing rivers: the Tigris and the Euphrates. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.
The capital city, Baghdad, is in the center-east. Iraq's rich history dates back to ancient Mesopotamia. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is identified as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing. During its long history, Iraq has been the center of the Akkadian, Assyrian, Babylonian and Abbasid empires, and part of the Achaemenid, Macedonian, Parthian, Sassanid, Umayyad, Mongol, Ottoman, and British empires.[2]
Since an invasion in 2003, a multinational coalition of forces, mainly American and British, has occupied Iraq. The invasion has had wide-reaching consequences: increased civil violence, political breakdown, the removal and execution of former authoritarian President Saddam Hussein, and national problems in the development of political balance, economy, infrastructure, and use of the country's huge reserves of oil. According to the 2007 Failed States Index, produced by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace's Foreign Policy magazine and the Fund for Peace, Iraq has recently emerged as the world's second most unstable country,[3] after Sudan.[4] Under the control of the U.S. military, Iraq is developing a parliamentary democracy composed of 18 governorates (known as muhafadhat).
The following topic outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to Iraq:
General reference
- Pronunciation:
- Common English country name(s): Iraq
- Official English country name(s): of Iraq
- Common endonym(s):
- Official endonym(s):
- Adjectival(s): Iraqi
- Demonym(s):
- International rankings of Iraq
Geography of Iraq
- Main article: Geography of Iraq
- Iraq is a: Country
- Location:
- Population of Iraq: 26,783,383 people (July 2006 estimate) - 39th most populous country
- Area of Iraq: Template:Unit sqkm - 58th largest country
- Atlas of Iraq
Environment of Iraq
- Climate of Iraq
- Ecology of Iraq
- Geology of Iraq
- Protected areas of Iraq
- Biosphere reserves in Iraq: None
- National parks of Iraq
- Wildlife of Iraq
Natural geographic features of Iraq
- Fjords of Iraq: None
- Glaciers of Iraq: None
- Islands of Iraq
- Lakes of Iraq
- Mountains of Iraq
- Rivers of Iraq
- Valleys of Iraq
- World Heritage Sites in Iraq
Regions of Iraq
- Main article: Regions of Iraq
Ecoregions of Iraq
- Main article: Ecoregions of Iraq
Administrative divisions of Iraq
- Main article: Administrative divisions of Iraq
Governorates of Iraq
- Baghdad - Arab, Turkman, Kurdish
- Salah ad Din - Arab, Kurdish
- Diyala - Arab, Kurdish
- Wasit - Arab
- Maysan - Arab
- Al Basrah - Arab
- Dhi Qar - Arab
- Al Muthanna - Arab
- Al Qadisyah - Arab
- Babil - Arab
- Al Karbala - Arab
- An Najaf - Arab
- Al Anbar - Arab
- Ninawa - Arab, Assyrian, Kurdish
- Dahuk - Kurdish
- Arbil - Kurdish
- At Ta'mim - Arab, Turkman, Kurdish
- As Sulaymaniyah - Kurdish
The constitutionally recognized Kurdistan Autonomous Region includes parts of a number of northern provinces, and is largely self-governing in internal affairs.
Districts of Iraq
Municipalities of Iraq
Demography of Iraq
- Main article: Demographics of Iraq
Government and politics of Iraq
- Main article: Government of Iraq and Politics of Iraq
- Elections in Iraq
- (specific elections)
- Political parties in Iraq
- Political scandals of Iraq
- Provincial Iraqi Control
- Reconstruction of Iraq
- Taxation in Iraq
Branches of the government of Iraq
Executive branch of the government of Iraq
- Head of state: President of Iraq, Jalal Talabani
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Iraq, Nouri al-Maliki
- Council of Ministers of Iraq
Legislative branch of the government of Iraq
Judicial branch of the government of Iraq
Foreign relations of Iraq
International organization membership
Iraq is a member of:
Law and order in Iraq
- Main article: Law of Iraq
- Capital punishment in Iraq
- Constitution of Iraq
- Crime in Iraq
- Human rights in Iraq
- Law enforcement in Iraq
Military of Iraq
- Main article: Military of Iraq
- Command
- Forces
- Military history of Iraq
- Military ranks of Iraq
Local government in Iraq
History of Iraq
- Main article: History of Iraq, Timeline of the history of Iraq, and Current events of Iraq
- History by year: 2001 • 2002 • 2003 • 2004 • 2005 • 2006 • 2007 • 2008
- Military history of Iraq
- Post-invasion Iraq, 2003–present
Culture of Iraq
- Main article: Culture of Iraq
- Architecture of Iraq
- Cuisine of Iraq
- Festivals in Iraq
- Humor in Iraq
- Languages of Iraq
- Media in Iraq
- National symbols of Iraq
- People of Iraq
- Prostitution in Iraq
- Public holidays in Iraq
- Records of Iraq
- Religion in Iraq
- World Heritage Sites in Iraq
The Arts in Iraq
Sports in Iraq
- Main article: Sports in Iraq
- Most popular sport: Football (soccer)
Economy of Iraq
- Main article: Economy of Iraq
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 63rd (sixty-third)
- Agriculture in Iraq
- Banking in Iraq
- Communications in Iraq
- Companies of Iraq
- Currency of Iraq: Iraqi dinar
- Economic history of Iraq
- Energy policy of Iraq
- Mining in Iraq
- Oil industry in Iraq
- Tourism in Iraq
- Transport in Iraq
Education in Iraq
- Main article: Education in Iraq
Infrastructure of Iraq
- Communications in Iraq
- Energy in Iraq
- Health care in Iraq
- Transportation in Iraq
- Water supply and sanitation in Iraq
See also
- List of basic geography topics
- List of Iraq-related articles (alphabetical index)
- List of international rankings
References
External links
Government
- Iraqi Presidency Website http://www.iraqipresidency.net
- Iraqi Government Website http://www.cabinet.iq
- Iraqi Parliament Website http://www.parliament.iq
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs http://www.mofa.gov.iq
- Ministry of Defense http://www.iraqmod.org
- Ministry of Oil http://www.oil.gov.iq
- Ministry of Trade http://www.mot.gov.iq
- Ministry of Industry http://www.industry.gov.iq
- Ministry of Higher Education http://www.mohesr.gov.iq
- Kurdistan Regional Government
- New Iraqi government structure (PDF) (As of July 17 2006)
Overviews
- Encarta Encyclopedia
- al-Bab - Iraq
- Encyclopaedia Britannica Iraq Country Page
- BBC News Country Profile - Iraq
- CIA World Factbook - Iraq
- US State Department - Iraq includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
- Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Iraq
- Iraq Country Profile from Reuters AlertNet
- Country Briefing: Iraq from The Economist
News
- Focus on Iraq Daily News on Iraq
- Iraq News and Iraqi views from Electronic Iraq
- News in Depth from the Financial Times
- Diplomacy Monitor-Iraq
- IPS Inter Press Service Independent news about Iraq
- Iraqis react with joy, anger to Hussein death sentence CNN story on Hussein's death sentence
- Hometown Baghdad Documentary series shot by an all-Iraqi crew. Tells the stories of three young people trying to survive in Baghdad.
Other
- Operation Iraqi Children
- Iraq Image, a cultural resource on Iraq cities and locations
- Iraqi Truth Project
- Juan Cole, a leading scholar and public intellectual
- The Ground Truth Project -- A series of exclusive interviews and other resources capturing the voices of Iraqis, aid workers, military personnel and others who have spent significant time on-the-ground in Iraq.
- Template:Wikitravel
- Alternate wiki article about Iraq
- The World Monuments Fund's Iraq Cultural Heritage Conservation Initiative
- Education for Peace in Iraq Center (EPIC) -- A Washington DC-based nonprofit organization promoting a free and secure Iraq
- Amnesty International Report on Iraq
- Internal Displacement in Iraq - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Coalition Provisional Authority Now-defunct occupation authority; site is archived
- Iraq Law from the University of Pittsburgh’s Jurist project
- 1900–2000 a history of Iraq
- US Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq
- Iraqi Familiarization Guide - (546 kilobyte PDF file)
- Short Guide to Iraq (WWII U.S. Military Guide)
- Charity Helping the People of Iraq