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:''For a more comprehensive list, see the [[List of Iraq-related topics]].'' |
:''For a more comprehensive list, see the [[List of Iraq-related topics]].'' |
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'''[[Iraq]]''', known officially as the '''Republic of Iraq''' ([[Arabic]]: {{Audio|Ar-al Gumhuriyah al Iraqiya.ogg|جمهورية العراق}} |
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{{lang|ar-Latn|''Jumhūrīyatu l-‘Irāq''}}), is a [[country]] in the [[Middle East]] and [[Southwest Asia]]. It spans most of the northwestern end of the [[Zagros Mountains|Zagros mountain range]], the eastern part of the [[Syrian Desert]] and the northern part of the [[Arabian Desert]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/11/20071126-11.html|title=Declaration of Principles for a Long-Term Relationship of Cooperation and Friendship Between the Republic of Iraq and the United States of America}}</ref> It shares borders with [[Kuwait]] and [[Saudi Arabia]] to the south, [[Jordan]] to the west, [[Syria]] to the northwest, [[Turkey]] to the north, and [[Iran]] to the east. It has a very narrow section of coastline at [[Umm Qasr]] on the [[Persian Gulf]]. There are two major flowing rivers: the [[Tigris]] and the [[Euphrates]]. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the desert landscape that covers most of [[Western Asia]]. |
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The capital city, [[Baghdad]], is in the center-east. Iraq's rich [[history of Iraq|history]] dates back to ancient [[Mesopotamia]]. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is identified as the [[cradle of civilization]] and the birthplace of [[writing]]. During its long history, Iraq has been the center of the [[Akkad]]ian, [[Assyria]]n, [[Neo-Babylonian Empire|Babylonian]] and [[Abbasid]] empires, and part of the [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]], [[Alexander the Great|Macedonian]], [[Parthia]]n, [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanid]], [[Umayyad]], [[Ilkhanate|Mongol]], [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]], and [[British Empire|British]] empires.<ref>[http://www.livescience.com/history/top10_iraq_battles.html Top 10 Battles for the Control of Iraq]</ref> |
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Since an [[2003 invasion of Iraq|invasion in 2003]], a [[Multinational Force Iraq|multinational coalition of forces]], mainly [[United States|American]] and [[United Kingdom|British]], has occupied Iraq. The invasion has had wide-reaching consequences: [[Iraq war|increased civil violence]], political breakdown, the removal and [[Execution of Saddam Hussein|execution]] of former [[authoritarian]] President [[Saddam Hussein]], and national problems in the development of [[politics of Iraq|political balance]], [[economy of Iraq|economy]], infrastructure, and use of the country's huge [[Oil reserves#Iraq|reserves of oil]]. According to the 2007 [[List of countries by Failed States Index|Failed States Index]], produced by the [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|Carnegie Endowment for International Peace's]] [[Foreign Policy]] magazine and the [[Fund for Peace]], Iraq has recently emerged as the world's second most unstable country,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3865&page=8|title=Foreign Policy Magazine: The Failed States Index 2007}}</ref> after [[Sudan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070618.wfailedstate0618/BNStory/International/home|title=Reuters: Iraq world's No. 2 failed state}}</ref> Under the control of the U.S. military, Iraq is developing a [[parliamentary democracy]] composed of 18 [[Governorates of Iraq|governorates]] (known as ''muhafadhat''). |
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The following list of topics is provided as an overview of and introduction to '''Iraq''': |
The following list of topics is provided as an overview of and introduction to '''Iraq''': |
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{{portal|Iraq}} |
{{portal|Iraq}} |
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{{double image|right|Flag of Iraq.svg|260|Coat of |
{{double image|right|Flag of Iraq.svg|260|Coat of arms of Iraq.svg|150|[[Flag of Iraq]]|[[Coat of arms of Iraq]]}} |
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== Geography of Iraq == |
== Geography of Iraq == |
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: ''Main articles: [[Geography of Iraq]]'' |
: ''Main articles: [[Geography of Iraq]]'' |
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* Location: |
* Location: |
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** [[Asia]] |
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*** [[Southwest Asia]] |
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** [[Middle East]] |
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* [[:commons:Atlas of Iraq|Atlas of Iraq]] |
* [[:commons:Atlas of Iraq|Atlas of Iraq]] |
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* [[Extreme points of Iraq]] |
* [[Extreme points of Iraq]] |
Revision as of 18:39, 22 April 2008
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/LocationIraq.png/200px-LocationIraq.png)
- For a more comprehensive list, see the List of Iraq-related topics.
Iraq, known officially as the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: [Jumhūrīyatu l-‘Irāq] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)), is a country in the Middle East and Southwest Asia. It spans most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.[1] It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. It has a very narrow section of coastline at Umm Qasr on the Persian Gulf. There are two major flowing rivers: the Tigris and the Euphrates. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.
The capital city, Baghdad, is in the center-east. Iraq's rich history dates back to ancient Mesopotamia. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is identified as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing. During its long history, Iraq has been the center of the Akkadian, Assyrian, Babylonian and Abbasid empires, and part of the Achaemenid, Macedonian, Parthian, Sassanid, Umayyad, Mongol, Ottoman, and British empires.[2]
Since an invasion in 2003, a multinational coalition of forces, mainly American and British, has occupied Iraq. The invasion has had wide-reaching consequences: increased civil violence, political breakdown, the removal and execution of former authoritarian President Saddam Hussein, and national problems in the development of political balance, economy, infrastructure, and use of the country's huge reserves of oil. According to the 2007 Failed States Index, produced by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace's Foreign Policy magazine and the Fund for Peace, Iraq has recently emerged as the world's second most unstable country,[3] after Sudan.[4] Under the control of the U.S. military, Iraq is developing a parliamentary democracy composed of 18 governorates (known as muhafadhat).
The following list of topics is provided as an overview of and introduction to Iraq:
Geography of Iraq
- Main articles: Geography of Iraq
Ecology of Iraq
- Main article: Ecology of Iraq
- Climate of Iraq
- Ecoregions of Iraq
- Environment of Iraq
- Geology of Iraq
- Protected areas of Iraq
- Wildlife of Iraq
Regions of Iraq
- Main article: Regions of Iraq
Ecoregions of Iraq
- Main article: Ecoregions of Iraq
Physical divisions of Iraq
Administrative divisions of Iraq
- Main article: Administrative divisions of Iraq
Provinces of Iraq
Districts of Iraq
Municipalities of Iraq
Geographic features of Iraq
- Main article: Landforms of Iraq
- Bodies of water of Iraq
- Islands of Iraq
- Mountains of Iraq
- Rivers of Iraq
- World Heritage Sites in Iraq
Demography of Iraq
- Main article: Demographics of Iraq
Government and politics of Iraq
- Main article: Government of Iraq and Politics of Iraq
- Form of government:
- Head of state: President of Iraq
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Iraq
- Capital of Iraq
- Elections in Iraq
- (specific elections)
- Human rights in Iraq
- Political parties in Iraq
- Political scandals of Iraq
- Taxation in Iraq
Branches of the government of Iraq
Executive branch of the government of Iraq
Legislative branch of the government of Iraq
Judicial branch of the government of Iraq
Foreign relations of Iraq
International organization membership
Iraq is a member of:
- [[]]
- [[]]
- [[]]
Law and order in Iraq
- Main article: Law of Iraq
Military of Iraq
- Main article: Military of Iraq
History of Iraq
- Main article: History of Iraq and Current events of Iraq
Culture of Iraq
- Main article: Culture of Iraq
- Architecture of Iraq
- Languages of Iraq
- Cuisine of Iraq
- Festivals in Iraq
- Humor in Iraq
- Media in Iraq
- National symbols of Iraq
- Public holidays in Iraq
- Religion in Iraq
- World Heritage Sites in Iraq
The Arts in Iraq
- Art in Iraq
- Cinema of Iraq
- Cuisine of Iraq
- Literature of Iraq
- Music of Iraq
- Television in Iraq
- Theatre in Iraq
Sports in Iraq
- Main article: Sports in Iraq
Economy of Iraq
- Main article: Economy of Iraq
- Agriculture in Iraq
- Communications in Iraq
- Companies of Iraq
- Currency of Iraq
- Economic history of Iraq
- Mining in Iraq
- National Bank of Iraq
- Tourism in Iraq
- Transport in Iraq
Education in Iraq
- Main article: Education in Iraq
Infrastructure of Iraq
Iraq lists
- Main article: List of Iraq-related topics
See also
References
External links