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==History and purpose== |
==History and purpose== |
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{{quote box|align=right|width=25%|quote= Orgel-Büchlein</br> Worrine einem |
{{quote box|align=right|width=25%|quote= Orgel-Büchlein</br> Worrine einem anfahenden Organisten </br> Anleitung gegeben wird, auff allerhand</br> |
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Arth einen |
Arth einen Choral durchzuführen, an-<br/> bey auch sich im Pedal studio zu habi-</br> litiren, indem in solchen darinne<br/> |
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befindlichen |
befindlichen Choralen das Pedal<br/> gantz obligat tractiret wird.</br> Dem Höchsten Gott allein' zu Ehren, <br/> Dem |
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Nechsten, draus sich zu belehren. </br> Autore</br> Joanne Sebast. Bach<br/> p. t. Capellae Magistri</br> S. P. R. Anhaltini-<br/> Cotheniensis. |
Nechsten, draus sich zu belehren. </br> Autore</br> Joanne Sebast. Bach<br/> p. t. Capellae Magistri</br> S. P. R. Anhaltini-<br/> Cotheniensis. |
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|source= Title page of autograph of the Orgelbüchlein}} |
|source= Title page of autograph of the Orgelbüchlein}} |
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|Lob sei |
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|Von Himmel kam der Engel |
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|Hilf Gott, das mir's |
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Revision as of 10:12, 29 May 2010
The Orgelbüchlein ("Little Organ Book") was written by Johann Sebastian Bach during the period of 1708–1714, while he was court organist at the ducal court in Weimar. It was planned as a set of 164 chorale preludes (smaller-scale compositions based on chorale melodies) spanning the liturgical year; however, Bach only completed forty-six chorale preludes and left less than two measures of a forty-seventh. The chorale preludes in this collection constitute BWV 599–644 within Bach's total compositional output. As well as being a collection of organ music for church services, a treatise on composition, and a religious statement, the Orgelbüchlein served as a pedagogical manual, as indicated by the dedication on the title page:
- Dem höchsten Gott allein zu Ehren,
- Dem Nächsten, draus sich zu belehren.
- In honour of our Lord alone
- That my fellow man his skill may hone.
History and purpose
Orgel-Büchlein
Worrine einem anfahenden Organisten
Anleitung gegeben wird, auff allerhand
Arth einen Choral durchzuführen, an-
bey auch sich im Pedal studio zu habi-
litiren, indem in solchen darinne
befindlichen Choralen das Pedal
gantz obligat tractiret wird.
Dem Höchsten Gott allein' zu Ehren,
Dem Nechsten, draus sich zu belehren.
Autore
Joanne Sebast. Bach
p. t. Capellae Magistri
S. P. R. Anhaltini-
Cotheniensis.
Title page of autograph of the Orgelbüchlein
The title page of the autograph score reads in English translation:[1]
Little Organ Book
In which a beginning organist receives given instruction as to performing a chorale in a multitude of ways while achieving mastery in the study of the pedal, since in the chorales contained herein the pedal is treated entirely obligato.
In honour of our Lord alone
That my fellow man his skill may hone.
Autore Joanne Sebast. Bach
Pleno Titulo Capellae Magistro
Serenissimi Princeps Regnantis
Anhaltini Cotheniensis
Number | Title | Occasion | Page | BWV |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland | Advent | 1 | 599 |
2 | Gott durch dein Güte or Gottes Sohn ist kommen | Advent | 2-3 | 600 |
3 | Herr Christ, der ein'ge Gottessohn or Herr Gott, nun sei gepreiset | Advent | 4 | 601 |
4 | Lob sei dem allmächtigen Gott | Advent | 5 | 602 |
5 | Puer natus in Bethlehem | Christmas | 6-7 | 603 |
6 | Lob sei Gott in des Himmels Thron | Christmas | 7 | |
7 | Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ | Christmas | 8 | 604 |
8 | Der Tag, der ist so freudenreich | Christmas | 9 | 605 |
9 | Von Himmel hoch, da komm ich her | Christmas | 10 | 606 |
10 | Von Himmel kam der Engel Schar | Christmas | 11-10 | 607 |
11 | In dulci jubilo | Christmas | 12-13 | 608 |
12 | Lobt Gott, ihr Christen, allzugleich | Christmas | 14 | 609 |
13 | Jesu, meine Freude | Christmas | 15 | 610 |
14 | Christum wir sollen loben schon | Christmas | 16 | 611 |
15 | Wir Christenleut | Christmas | 17 | 612 |
16 | Helft mir Gotts Güte preisen | New Year | 18 | 613 |
17 | Das alte Jahr vergangen ist | New Year | 19 | 614 |
18 | In dir ist Freude | New Year | 20-21 | 615 |
19 | Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin [Nunc dimittis] | Purification | 22 | 616 |
20 | Herr Gott, nun schleuss den Himmel auf | Purification | 23-23a | 617 |
21 | O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig | Passiontide | 24-24a | 618 |
22 | Christe, du Lamm Gottes | Passiontide | 25 | 619 |
23 | Christus, der uns selig macht | Passiontide | 26 | 620a/620 |
24 | Da Jesu an dem Kreuze stund | Passiontide | 27 | 621 |
25 | O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde gross | Passiontide | 28-29 | 622 |
26 | Wir danken dir, Herr Jesu Christ, dass du für uns gestorben bist | Passiontide | 30 | 623 |
27 | Hilf Gott, das mir's gelinge | Passiontide | 31-30a | 624 |
28 | O Jesu, wie ist dein Gestalt | Passiontide | 32 | |
29 | O Traurigkeit, o Herzeleid (fragment) | Passiontide | 33 | Anh. 200 |
30 | Allein nach dir, Herz, allein nach dir, Herr Jesu Christ, verlanget mich | Passiontide | 34-35 | |
31 | O wir armen Sünder | Passiontide | 36 | |
32 | Herzliebster Jesu, was hast du verbrochen | Passiontide | 37 | |
33 | Nun gibt mein Jesu gute Nacht | Passiontide | 38 |
Compositional style
The chorale preludes of the Orgelbüchlein share several common stylistic features,[2] which are the distinguishing traits of what may be called the "Orgelbüchlein-style chorale:"
- The chorale melody, embellished to varying degrees or unembellished altogether, is in one voice (excepting BWV 615, In dir ist Freude, in which the melody is broken up into motives and bounces between several voices).
- The melody is in the soprano voice (except for BWV 611, Christum, wir sollen loben schon, in which it is in the alto voice, and the canonical preludes BWV 600, 608, 618, 619, 620, 624, 629 and 633/634).
- The pieces are written in four-voice counterpoint, except for BWV 599, Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, and BWV 619, Christe du Lamm Gottes, which are written in five voices; and BWV 639, Ich ruf' zu dir, Herr Jesu Christ, which is written in three.
- The pieces span exactly the length of the chorale melody; there are no introductions or codas.
Contents
The chorale preludes of the Orgelbüchlein fall into the seasons of the liturgical year:
- BWV 599 — Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland
- BWV 600 — Gott, durch deine Güte (or Gottes Sohn ist kommen)
- BWV 601 — Herr Christ, der einge Gottes-Sohn (or Herr Gott, nun sei gepreiset)
- BWV 602 — Lob sei dem allmächtigen Gott
- BWV 603 — Puer natus in Bethlehem
- BWV 604 — Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ
- BWV 605 — Der Tag, der ist so freudenreich
- BWV 606 — Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her
- BWV 607 — Vom Himmel kam der Engel Schar
- BWV 608 — In dulci jubilo
- BWV 609 — Lobt Gott, ihr Christen, allzugleich
- BWV 610 — Jesu, meine Freude
- BWV 611 — Christum wir sollen loben schon
- BWV 612 — Wir Christenleut
- BWV 613 — Helft mir Gotts Güte preisen
- BWV 614 — Das alte Jahre vergangen ist
- BWV 615 — In dir ist Freude
- BWV 616 — Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin
- BWV 617 — Herr Gott, nun schleuß den Himmel auf
Lent:
- BWV 618 — O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig
- BWV 619 — Christe, du Lamm Gottes
- BWV 620 — Christus, der uns selig macht
- BWV 621 — Da Jesus an dem Kreuze stund
- BWV 622 — O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß
- BWV 623 — Wir danken dir, Herr Jesu Christ
- BWV 624 — Hilf, Gott, daß mir's gelinge
- O Traurigkeit, o Herzeleid (fragment)
- BWV 625 — Christ lag in Todesbanden
- BWV 626 — Jesus Christus, unser Heiland, der den Tod überwand
- BWV 627 — Christ ist erstanden
- BWV 628 — Erstanden ist der heil'ge Christ
- BWV 629 — Erschienen ist der herrliche Tag
- BWV 630 — Heut triumphieret Gottes Sohn
- BWV 631 — Komm, Gott Schöpfer, Heiliger Geist
- BWV 632 — Herr Jesu Christ, dich zu uns wend
- BWV 634 — Liebster Jesu, wir sind hier
- BWV 633 — Liebster Jesu, wir sind hier (distinctius)
Preludes based on catechism hymns:
- BWV 635 — Dies sind die heil'gen zehn Gebot
- BWV 636 — Vater unser im Himmelreich
- BWV 637 — Durch Adams Fall ist ganz verderbt
- BWV 638 — Es ist das Heil uns kommen her
Miscellaneous:
- BWV 639 — Ich ruf zu dir, Herr Jesu Christ
- BWV 640 — In dich hab ich gehoffet, Herr
- BWV 641 — Wenn wir in höchsten Nöten sein
- BWV 642 — Wer nur den lieben Gott läßt walten
- BWV 643 — Alle Menschen müssen sterben
- BWV 644 — Ach wie nichtig, ach wie flüchtig
Editions
The Orgelbüchlein was originally passed from teacher to student and was not published in its entirety until Felix Mendelssohn edited an edition. Notable editions have been made by Robert Clark and John David Peterson, Quentin Faulkner, Albert Riemenschneider, and Albert Schweitzer.
Notes
- ^ Geck 2005, p. 91
- ^ Williams 2003, p. 236
References
- Geck, Martin (2005), Bach, Haus Publishing, ISBN 1904341160
- Stinson, Russell (1999), Bach: The Orgelbüchlein, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-386214-2
- Williams, Peter (2003), The Organ Music of J. S. Bach (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 227–316, ISBN 0-521-89115-9
See also
External links
- Free scores by Orgelbüchlein at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
- WIMA Free scores of the Orgelbüchlein on the werner Icking Music Archive
- Free scores on Mutopia of the whole collection of 46 chorale preludes from the Orgelbüchlein.
- Free scores of the complete Orgelbüchlein onthe Arno Rog website.