Content deleted Content added
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Alter: url. URLs might have been internationalized/anonymized. Add: s2cid, author pars. 1-1. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were actually parameter name changes. | You can use this bot yourself. Report bugs here. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Respiratory physiology | via #UCB_Category |
→See also: tweak colwidth |
||
(3 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{TAFI}} |
|||
[[File:Pyrrhocorax graculus 2 (Martin Mecnarowski).jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Alpine chough]] in flight]] |
[[File:Pyrrhocorax graculus 2 (Martin Mecnarowski).jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|An [[Alpine chough]] in flight]] |
||
Organisms can live at [[high altitude]], either on land, in water, or while flying. Decreased oxygen availability and decreased temperature make life at such altitudes challenging, though many species have been successfully [[evolutionary adaptation|adapted]] via considerable [[physiology|physiological]] changes. As opposed to short-term [[Effects of high altitude on humans|acclimatisation]] (immediate physiological response to changing environment), high-altitude [[adaptation]] means irreversible, [[adaptive evolution|evolved physiological responses]] to high-altitude environments, associated with heritable [[ethology|behavioural]] and [[mutation|genetic changes]]. Among animals, only few mammals (such as [[yak]], [[ibex]], [[Tibetan gazelle]], [[vicuna]]s, [[llama]]s, [[mountain goat]]s, etc.) and certain [[bird]]s are known to have completely adapted to high-altitude environments.<ref name=storz>{{cite journal|author= Storz JF, Scott GR, Cheviron ZA|year=2007|title= Phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in vertebrates | journal= J Exp Biol|volume=213|issue=pt 24|pages= 4125–4136 |pmid= 21112992 |pmc= 2992463 |doi= 10.1242/jeb.048181|last2=Scott|last3=Cheviron}}</ref> |
Organisms can live at [[high altitude]], either on land, in water, or while flying. Decreased oxygen availability and decreased temperature make life at such altitudes challenging, though many species have been successfully [[evolutionary adaptation|adapted]] via considerable [[physiology|physiological]] changes. As opposed to short-term [[Effects of high altitude on humans|acclimatisation]] (immediate physiological response to changing environment), high-altitude [[adaptation]] means irreversible, [[adaptive evolution|evolved physiological responses]] to high-altitude environments, associated with heritable [[ethology|behavioural]] and [[mutation|genetic changes]]. Among animals, only few mammals (such as [[yak]], [[ibex]], [[Tibetan gazelle]], [[vicuna]]s, [[llama]]s, [[mountain goat]]s, etc.) and certain [[bird]]s are known to have completely adapted to high-altitude environments.<ref name=storz>{{cite journal|author= Storz JF, Scott GR, Cheviron ZA|year=2007|title= Phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in vertebrates | journal= J Exp Biol|volume=213|issue=pt 24|pages= 4125–4136 |pmid= 21112992 |pmc= 2992463 |doi= 10.1242/jeb.048181|last2=Scott|last3=Cheviron}}</ref> |
||
Line 87: | Line 88: | ||
The highest-altitude plant species is a [[moss]] that grows at {{convert|6480|m|ft|abbr=on}} on [[Mount Everest]].<ref name=plants>{{cite web|url=http://www.adventureandscience.org/high-plants.html|title=High Altitude Plants|publisher=Adventurers and Scientists for Conservation|access-date=2017-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425233903/http://www.adventureandscience.org/high-plants.html|archive-date=2012-04-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> The sandwort ''[[Arenaria bryophylla]]'' is the highest flowering plant in the world, occurring as high as {{convert|6180|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite book|title=Trekking Nepal: A Traveler's Guide|first1=Stephen|last1=Bezruchka|first2=Alonzo|last2=Lyons|publisher=The Mountaineers Books|year=2011|page=275}}</ref> |
The highest-altitude plant species is a [[moss]] that grows at {{convert|6480|m|ft|abbr=on}} on [[Mount Everest]].<ref name=plants>{{cite web|url=http://www.adventureandscience.org/high-plants.html|title=High Altitude Plants|publisher=Adventurers and Scientists for Conservation|access-date=2017-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425233903/http://www.adventureandscience.org/high-plants.html|archive-date=2012-04-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> The sandwort ''[[Arenaria bryophylla]]'' is the highest flowering plant in the world, occurring as high as {{convert|6180|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite book|title=Trekking Nepal: A Traveler's Guide|first1=Stephen|last1=Bezruchka|first2=Alonzo|last2=Lyons|publisher=The Mountaineers Books|year=2011|page=275}}</ref> |
||
{{-}} |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
{{portal|Animals|Plants|Environment}} |
|||
{{div col|colwidth= |
{{div col|colwidth=20em}} |
||
* [[Aeroplankton]] |
* [[Aeroplankton]] |
||
* [[Alpine plant]] |
* [[Alpine plant]] |