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{{Use American English|date=March 2023}} |
{{Use American English|date=March 2023}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}} |
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The '''offensive backfield''' is the area of an [[American football]] field behind the [[line of scrimmage]] |
The '''offensive backfield''' is an ambiguous generic term of football, which includes: (1) a place, namely the area of an [[American football]] field behind the [[line of scrimmage]]; and (2) a group classification of certain players positioned there, ''i.e.'', members of [[American football positions#Offense|offense]] who begin [[Play from scrimmage|plays]] behind the line, typically including any [[running back|backs]] on the field, such as the [[quarterback]], [[Halfback (American football)|halfbacks]] and [[fullback (American football)|fullback]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/nfl/offensive-backfield.aspx|title=Offensive Backfield Definition - Sporting Charts|website=www.sportingcharts.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-18|archive-date=June 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627161312/https://www.sportingcharts.com/dictionary/nfl/offensive-backfield.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> There are rules specific to the manner of play in that area. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The modernization of the roles of lineman and backs is often traced to [[Amos Alonzo Stagg]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/fottballsgreates00pope#page/230/mode/2up|title=Football's Greatest Coaches|pages=231–232|author=Edwin Pope|year=1956 |author-link=Edwin Pope}}</ref> Some of the greatest backfields in the history of [[college football]] include those of the [[1912 Carlisle Indians football team|1912 Carlisle Indians]], [[1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team|1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado]], [[Four Horsemen (American football)|1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish]], and [[1945 Army Cadets football team|1945 Army Cadets]]. [[Joe Guyon]] was a member of both the aforementioned Carlisle and Georgia Tech teams. |
The modernization of the roles of lineman and backs is often traced to [[Amos Alonzo Stagg]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/fottballsgreates00pope#page/230/mode/2up|title=Football's Greatest Coaches|pages=231–232|author=Edwin Pope|year=1956 |author-link=Edwin Pope}}</ref> Some of the greatest backfields in the history of [[college football]] include those of the [[1912 Carlisle Indians football team|1912 Carlisle Indians]], [[1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team|1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado]], [[Four Horsemen (American football)|1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish]], and [[1945 Army Cadets football team|1945 Army Cadets]]. [[Joe Guyon]] was a member of both the aforementioned Carlisle and Georgia Tech teams. |
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Typically, quarterbacks or halfbacks passed the ball, and fullbacks handled kicking duties.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://throwdeeppublishing.com/blogs/football-glossary/the-complete-guide-to-offensive-football-formations |title=The Complete Guide to Offensive Football Formations |author=Throw Deep Publishing Staff |date=August 10, 2022 |accessdate=March 17, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://sportblurb.com/difference-between-running-back-half-back-tail-back-and-full-back-in-american-football/ |title=Understanding American Football: What's the difference between a running back, halfback, tailback, and full back? |date=May 5, 2022 |author=Alex PT |accessdate=March 17, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://alvin-almazov.com/nfl-eng/offensive-backfield/s.com/bestcovery/offensive-positions-in-football-explained |title=Offensive Positions in Football Explained |publisher=BESTCOVERY TEAM |date=August 11, 2021 |accessdate=March 17, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZFyNwAACAAJ |last1=Williamson |first1=Paul Connelly |title=A Pictorial Study of Certain Offensive Backfield Fundamentals in Football |location=Chapel Hill, North Carolina |publisher=[[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] |year=1950}}</ref> |
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Typically, quarterbacks or halfbacks passed the ball, and fullbacks handled kicking duties. |
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==Play in the backfield== |
==Play in the backfield== |
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[[File:1917 Georgia Tech backfield.jpg|thumb|[[1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team|1917 Georgia Tech]] backfield]] |
[[File:1917 Georgia Tech backfield.jpg|thumb|[[1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team|1917 Georgia Tech]] backfield]] |
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Players who are positioned behind the line of scrimmage, on the offensive side, are denominated as "offensive “backfield.” Those players are usually ball receivers, so they have the word “back” appended to their position: ''i.e.'', [[running back]], [[fullback (gridiron football)|full back]], [[halfback (American football)|half back]] and [[quarterback]]. However, because the word “backfield” is a place, sometimes [[receiver (football)|receivers]] can be appended to the grouping.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rookieroad.com/football/positions/offensive-backfield/ |title=Football offensive backfield |accessdate=March 28, 2023}}</ref> |
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Most [[American football plays#Running plays|running plays]] begin with a hand-off in the offensive backfield. All [[placekicker|kicks]] and [[Punt (American football)|punts]] must take place in the offensive backfield. If the offensive ball-carrier is [[tackle (football move)|tackled]] in the backfield, the team will lose yards, in that the distance they need to attain for a [[Down (American football)|first down]] is more than at the beginning of the play. Each play, the quarterback will start in the offensive backfield, being snapped the ball from the center, and moving the ball up field. |
Most [[American football plays#Running plays|running plays]] begin with a hand-off in the offensive backfield. All [[placekicker|kicks]] and [[Punt (American football)|punts]] must take place in the offensive backfield. If the offensive ball-carrier is [[tackle (football move)|tackled]] in the backfield, the team will lose yards, in that the distance they need to attain for a [[Down (American football)|first down]] is more than at the beginning of the play. Each play, the quarterback will start in the offensive backfield, being snapped the ball from the center, and moving the ball up field. |
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==Rules== |
==Rules== |
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There are specific rules governing conduct in the offensive backfield.<ref>{{cite web |url= |
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https://alvin-almazov.com/nfl-eng/offensive-backfield/ |title=Offensive backfield |quote=The offensive backfield is a field area behind line scrimmage. It’s a starting point for all players standing far from the offensive linemen. These are quarterback, halfback, fullback and eligible receivers. The kickers, holders and punters also operate there. The ball carriers use offensive backfield to protect themselves. |accessdate=March 17, 2023}}</ref> |
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There are many rules which differ for play in the offensive backfield as opposed to play in front of the line of scrimmage. The [[History of American football#Period of Rules Committees and Conference (1894–1932)|1906 football rule reforms]] mandated that the offensive team line up with at least seven players on the line of scrimmage, which are now commonly called "linemen". Therefore, a maximum of four players are allowed in the offensive backfield. The other players not on the line of scrimmage may be positioned anywhere, but all must be at least 1 yard behind the seven or more players on the line of scrimmage.<ref name="positionofplayers">{{cite web|url=https://operations.nfl.com/media/4693/2020-nfl-rulebook.pdf|title=OFFICIAL PLAYING RULES OF THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE|access-date=May 22, 2021|archive-date=December 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221193604/https://operations.nfl.com/media/4693/2020-nfl-rulebook.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[forward pass]] can only be legally made from the offensive backfield. There are also rules If the pass is not deemed a forward pass, and is not caught the ball is still considered live and can be picked up by either team. Over time, these rules have been changed to account for the evolving nature of the game. The tuck rule was an especially controversial rule that stated any forward motion of the quarterback's arm results in an attempted forward pass. thus, if the ball were to drop to the ground, it would be ruled an incompletion instead of fumble. |
There are many rules which differ for play in the offensive backfield as opposed to play in front of the line of scrimmage. The [[History of American football#Period of Rules Committees and Conference (1894–1932)|1906 football rule reforms]] mandated that the offensive team line up with at least seven players on the line of scrimmage, which are now commonly called "linemen". Therefore, a maximum of four players are allowed in the offensive backfield. The other players not on the line of scrimmage may be positioned anywhere, but all must be at least 1 yard behind the seven or more players on the line of scrimmage.<ref name="positionofplayers">{{cite web|url=https://operations.nfl.com/media/4693/2020-nfl-rulebook.pdf|title=OFFICIAL PLAYING RULES OF THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE|access-date=May 22, 2021|archive-date=December 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221193604/https://operations.nfl.com/media/4693/2020-nfl-rulebook.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[forward pass]] can only be legally made from the offensive backfield. There are also rules If the pass is not deemed a forward pass, and is not caught the ball is still considered live and can be picked up by either team. Over time, these rules have been changed to account for the evolving nature of the game. The tuck rule was an especially controversial rule that stated any forward motion of the quarterback's arm results in an attempted forward pass. thus, if the ball were to drop to the ground, it would be ruled an incompletion instead of fumble. |
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The quarterback can run as far back as he wants with the ball, but if he is still inside the " |
The quarterback can run as far back as he wants with the ball, but if he is still inside the "[[Glossary_of_American_football_terms#tackle_boxtackle box|tacklebox]]" (the area between where the tackles line up) and does not throw the ball past the line of scrimmage, he will be called with intentional grounding and results in a 10-yard penalty and a loss of the down. There is no intentional grounding for the ball not crossing the line of scrimmage if the quarterback was outside of the tackle box when the ball was thrown. |
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==References== |
==References== |